Dissertationen zum Thema „Élaboration des matériaux“
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Privas, Edwige. „Matériaux ligno-cellulosiques : "Élaboration et caractérisation"“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00933754.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBessière, Guillaume. „Élaboration de matériaux carbonés par carbonisation eutecticothermale“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2343.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis works deal with the applications of green chemistry concepts for carboneous material preparation. Indeed, carboneous materials are used in many domains and the current environmental concerns engender a growing interest for sustainable carbons.So, we chose to apply the parameters of hydrothermal synthesis (which are widely used for materials preparations) for new types of compounds: the deep eutectic solvents. They are made from a mixture of fructose and choline chloride. This new synthesis is named “eutecticothermal carbonization”. This kind of synthesis allows using non toxic and sustainable precursors and avoids solvent using. The so obtained materials are the same characteristics as hydrothermal ones but the supramolecular network of the eutectic engenders morphological differences. Furthermore some non-negligible nitrogen quantities (4.82 w% for polymers and 0.62 w% for carbons) are incorporated in these solids by choline encapsulation. Indeed a mechanical study shows the important effect of this one, according to its proportions in the initial mixture, on the dehydratation/polycondensation reaction taking place during the materials formation. So it is for the mixtures containing between 50 and 80 w% of fructose that this effect is increase. Finally, theses materials shows good results in acid catalysis and CO2 adsorption applications
Ben, Maamar Sami. „Élaboration de matériaux moléculaires à partir d'unités calixaréniques“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnghelus, Adrian. „Élaboration de matériaux multicouches par « laminage cumulé contrôlé »“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10116/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study of feasibility deals with the development of ultrafine grained (UFG) multilayers by an original process i.e. controlled accumulative roll bonding. Aluminium based multilayers are reinforced by Al-Ni-Sm alloys taken either in the amorphous or crystallized state. This association of materials is particularly interesting according to the significant difference of mechanical behavior and mechanism of deformation of both constituents. The definition of the process parameters arises from the study of both the stability and the mechanical behaviour of the constituents. Numerous thermal and mechanical treatments as well as various numbers of stacked layers have been considered in order to optimize the microstructure and therefore workability of the multilayers. The phase transformations (dynamical or static recrystallization of Al, crystallization of amorphous alloys…) have been investigated by X-ray diffractometry, various kinds of microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Among the main results, the crystallization of the metallic glass due to deformation has been proved. Due to the modification of the mechanical properties induced by the change of microstructure of the reinforcements, the multilayers bearing crystalline reinforcements are more deformable than those containing amorphous alloys. The difference is explained by the morphology of the fragments of reinforcements as well as by the accommodation of deformation at their interfaces. Finally, a multimaterial has been prepared from 216 Al layers and 180 layers of crystalline reinforcements. This UFG material presents a heterogeneous distribution of reinforcements
Ben, Maamar Sami. „Élaboration de matériaux moléculaires à partir d’unités calixaréniques“. Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/11/04/PDF/These_S_BEN_MAAMAR.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring this work of thesis, new calixarenes complexing selectively metal ions have been synthesized. After a bibliographic presentation, a calix[4]arene containing organosiloxane group has been synthesized and grafted on a periodically mesoporous SBA-15. The multiple characterization techniques, such as XRD, nitrogen adsorption, TEM, FT-IR and solid state 29Si NMR, as well as TG indicate that the calix[4]arene derivative has been well-anchored on the surface of SBA-15 generating a new class of hybrid materials. This new hybrid material has been demonstrated to have highly selectivity towards several ions, such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Bi3+, Co2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+. The third part of this work, relates to the complexation properties of new thiacalix[4]arenes containing three amide groups towards heavy and transition metals. The substitution of the residual phenolic group with n-propyl chain, an ester or an amid group doesn’t modify the nature of the formed complexes except for mercury salts (I) and (II). In this case the triamide ligand is the only one to complex mercury (I) and does not present any affinity with respect to mercury (II). The introduction of the n-propyl chain, an ester or fourth amid groups improves the affinity of these ligands to mercury (II). The last objective of this work is the synthesis of new calixarenes copolymers. Two methods of grafting of monomers are described and several reactional pathways have been tested
Pasquiou, Anne. „Pellets d'argiles gonflantes : élaboration et caractérisation hydromécanique“. Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-45-46.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChrouda, Amani. „Élaboration de nouveaux matériaux d’électrodes modifiées pour application biocapteurs“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of the research work was to the development of modified electrode materials for biosensor application. The work was devided into three parts: electrografting of diazonium salt for immunosensor application, electroadressing of antibodies and electrodeposition of PEG spacer for aptasensor application. In the first part of this work, the modification of gold surfaces with nitrobenzene diazonium cation was investigated in order to develop an immunosensors for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. A detection limit of 10 CFU/mL has been obtained. The second part was focused on the electrically addressable deposition of diazonium functionalized antibodies on boron-doped diamond (BDD) microcells for the detection of OTA. A detection limit of 0.007ng/mL has been obtained and the immunosensor was tested on real samples. Finally, we developed an amperometric aptasensor based on electrochemical grafting of a PEG-COOH spacer on a BDD microcell for the detection of OTA biotoxin. A detection limit of 0.01 ng/L has been obtained and application to a real sample (rice) has been demonstrated. The amperometric and impedimetric techniques used in this work lead to promising results in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reproductibility
Henry, Maurice. „Matériaux amorphes : élaboration, caractérisation, propriétés magnétiques de fontes hypertrempées“. Le Mans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LEMA1008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeigbeder, Alexandre. „Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux nanocomposites à matrice polysiloxane“. Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaafi, El Miloud. „Nouveaux matériaux polymères biodégradables: élaboration et étude des propriétés“. Reims, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REIMS029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work consists in developing new potentiallly biodegradable materials ans studying their thermal and mechanical properties. In the first part, we synthesized new polymers of type polyesters and polyurethanes by polycondensation of telechelic polycaprolactone oligomers with other monomers chosen according to some physical properties and degradability of the materials obtained. The analyses show that the thermal and mechanical properties of these polylmers are influenced by the method of synthesis anfd the percentage of terephthalic untils uncorporated into these polymers. The second part has been dedicated to the development of the composites based polyurethanes synthesized from castor oil or PCL and biopolymer: cellulose. The later has been extracted of the alfa plant, very abundant in plant biomass Moroccan. The study of properties of these materials shows that the cellulose fibers significantly improve the thermal and mechanical properties of composites. This improvement varies linearly with the rate of fiber incorporated to a certain percentage. Beyond this value the mechanical properties fall. The SEM images of fracture surfce of composites show a good interface due to hydrogen bonding between the fibers and matrix
Largeteau, Alain. „Élaboration, caractérisation et modélisation de céramiques magnétodiélectriques à couches d'arrêt“. Bordeaux 1, 1990. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173432.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWattanakit, Chularat. „Élaboration et application de matériaux poreux : études théoriques et expérimentales“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912339.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenayad, Abdelmjid. „Matériaux monocristallins à forte activité piézoélectrique : élaboration, caractérisation et application“. Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0129/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work treats synthesis by the Bridgman method and modified Bridgman of single crystals PZN-PT and PMN-PT with a general formulation Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xTixO3 et Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)1-xTixO3. After the characterization of PZN-0,045PT single crystal which showing the feasibility of the growth of this formulation by modified Bridgman, a comparative study that the properties of the crystals depend little on the synthesis method used. The phenomenon of titanium segregation in the PMN-xPT compositions synthesized by the Bridgman method was studied. It induced strong variations of composition and consequently of structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties along the ingot of crystal. The behavior of materials under various conditions (uniaxial stress and thermal cycle) was studied. In order to point out the limiting factors in term of transducers performances. The application of PMN-0,25PT was also studied. The objective of the study is to test and compare ceramic and single crystal shapes harvesting energy using a vibrating beam with a piezoelectric element
Tissier, Nicolas. „Élaboration de matériaux nanocomposites inorganique / organique par polymérisation en émulsion“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the elaboration of film forming nanocomposite latexes containing silica and cerium dioxide particles via emulsion polymerization. First, copolymerizable groups were introduced onto the surface of the mineral particles through chemical grafting of -methacryloxy propyltrimethoxysilane for silica or via the use of complexing carboxylated or organophosphorus monomers or macromonomers for cerium dioxide. The grafting was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and solid state NMR and quantified through elemental analysis. The functionalized nanoparticules were then used as seeds in emulsion polymerization reactions. Attention was focused on the colloidal stability of the latexes. Colloidal stability appeared to be strongly dependent of the initial stability of the grafted inorganic colloidal suspension in water. The morphology of the nanocomposite latex particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and correlated with the surface modification and experimental polymerization conditions. Finally, in case of silica, films have been elaborated from the nanocomposite latexes and their mechanical properties have been evaluated and interpreted in view of the characteristics of the composite particles
Murat, Denis. „Oxyde d'yttrium : élaboration et propriétés mécaniques“. Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTariolle, Sandrine. „Carbure de bore monolithique poreux et composites lamellaires : élaboration, propriétés, renforcement“. Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSE0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCeramics have outstanding properties but their low toughness limits their use. The aim of this thesis is to obtain reinforcement by crack deflection in boron carbide composites by controlling macrostructure and microstructure. This structure has never been studied before in boron carbide materials. Different composites with either porous interlayers obtained by pore forming agent, or weak interlayers obtained with no sintering aid, or weak interlayers obtained by a mixture of boron carbide and boron nitride, or weak interfaces in graphite or boron nitride have been realized. Reinforcement was observed in most of these composites. Energetic models of crack deflection were studied
Chanvrier, Hélène. „Matériaux à base de biopolymères du mai͏̈s : élaboration et comportement mécanique“. Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe structure-properties relationships of corn flour based materials submitted to a thermomechanical treatment were studied by using starch-zein blends dense materials, made by extrusion (300 J. G-1, T = 120ʿC) and thermomoulding (140ʿC). Glass transition temperature of corn flour and starch-zein materials is similar to the one of pure starch (MC 12 %). Blend materials present a fragile behaviour, distinct from the ductile one of starch, which is explained by the weak adhesion between the components. For low zein contents (< 15 %), zein is the dispersed phase, for higher zein contents (> 32 %), zein is continuous. The mechanical properties were the lowest in the co-continuous domain (between 15 and 32 % zein). After expansion by microwaves (1000W, 10s), the biphasic dense materials present higher densities than the one of the starchy materials. Structure and densities variations with zein content were explained by the variations of the elongational viscosity and rubbery elastic modulus E'. The observations of the cellular structure by X-ray tomography suggest that particles in the starchy matrix change the nucleation and the mechanism of bubble growth
Radhakrishnan, Bindushree. „Élaboration en milieu dispersé de matériaux polyuréthane à structure cœur-écorce“. Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12499.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAuffray, Nicolas. „Comportement des matériaux cellulaires : élaboration, caractérisation et modélisation prédictive des propriétés“. Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis was about studying a cellular material intended to combine mechanical and acoustical properties in order to be used to reduce aircraft engine noise. Attention had been focused on honey-comb structures. The sound absorber quality of such a structure, predicted by theoretical model, were first investigated and confirmed by experimentation. The mechanical study focus on elastic property of the structure and an approach by homogeneization was choosen. In order to take account of size effects the substitution medium behavior was choosen to be strain-gradient elastic. An homogeneization method was introduced to construct the first and second order elastic operator needed by this theory. As anisotropic systems for second order elasticty were mostly unknown, a rigourous study of that point was proposed. According to these results theoretic expressions of second order elasticity matrix were obtained. These matrix are the ones to be implemented in finite elements codes to proceed for strain-gradient elasticity computation. A comparison between matrix obtained by homogeneization and operator theoretic form were performed. Homogeneized construction was shown to be consistent with strain gradient theoretical model. A study of the straingradient operator defining the overall behavior of honeycomb was procedeed. It was shown that, in some case, first and second order elastic coefficients are of the same order of magnitude. The extension of our theoretical study of symmetry to other kind of linear behavior is straight-forward
Bounour-Bouzamouche, Wafa. „Matériaux hybrides nanotubes de carbone/ferromagnétiques : élaboration et propriétés magnétiques statiques“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD095/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHybrid materials as carbon nanotubes filled with ferromagnetic materials (FMCNT) have great potential for spintronic applications. Their magnetic properties strongly depend on their density,orientation and filling efficiency. Two preparation methods of (FMNTC) were used: i) ex-situ synthesis where mechanical opening of the nanotubes produced by electrical arc is first achieved and in-situ during the synthesis by electrical arc discharge, ii) synthesis by chemical vapor deposition enhanced by plasma (PECVD) in the presence of cobalt Co and Co / Pd catalysts. Our results showed that the arc in-situ approach is more effective especially with the addition of a filling promoter such as yttrium (Y) and sulfur (S). Different proportions of catalyst were varied and their influence on the yield of hybrid nanotubes studied. The quality and quantity of obtained nanotubes as well as their yields and magnetic properties were improved. The PECVD synthesis revealed that the addition of a thin layer of palladium (~6 nm) as a co catalyst with the cobalt leads to a significant improvement inthe density of the filler and the alignment of the nanotubes. Magnetic measurements thereby demonstrated the contribution of a shape anisotropy that can be associated with a better geometric orientation of the nanotubes to the substrate
Esharghawi, Ahmed. „Élaboration de matériaux poreux à base de mullite par procédé SHS“. Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/063540e8-cf06-4277-a241-eae6b6de6751/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4039.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study was the development of porous mullite compounds using a self-sustaining reaction process (Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis or SHS) starting from a kaolinitic Libyan clay and metal powders (Al and Mg). In first we conducted the physico-chemical characterization of starting powders. A preliminary study carried out on mixtures containing 89. 5 wt. % of raw clay and 10. 5 wt. % of aluminum powder with additions of magnesium powder ranged from 0 to 3 wt. %, was performed in conventional reaction sintering conditions, in air. The different results gave mullite ratio and maximum porosity obtained after sintering 5h at 1550°C depending mainly of the amount of magnesium added. DTA analysis carried out in parallel, both in air and flowing oxygen showed that the endothermic dehydroxilation effect of kaolinite (≈ 600°C) did not made easier the initiation of a SHS reaction; it was therefore decided to work with a metakaolin powder (calcined clay at 650°C) and in flowing oxygen for promoting the oxidation reactions. Experiments conducted in these conditions with different particle size metal powders, showed that the products obtained included, in addition of mullite, residual crystalline phases (Al2O3, SiO2 and Si). Analysis of different results shows that the fine powders play an important role for the initiation of SHS reaction by lowering the ignition temperature, particle size of magnesium powder playing in this case the main role compared to that of aluminum powder. Besides its effect on the initiation of the SHS reaction, the particle size of magnesium powder seems to have a significant effect on the macroporosity appearing inside the obtained body, the latter being related both to the particle size and the magnesium content of the mixture
He, Siyuan. „Mousses métalliques et métal poreux polymère composite (MPPC) : élaboration et comportement mécanique“. Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong the various types of existing foams, we investigate the aluminium foam prepared with infiltration technique. In order to improve their mechanical behavior and especially their energy absorption capacity under impact, we introduced various polymers into the pores to engender a new composite Bi-material: Metal Porous Polymer Composite (MPPC). The principal goal of this study consists of the preparation of aluminium foam and composites (MPPC) and the exploitation upon their mechanical properties under load compressive and impact. For this aim and based on a bibliographical study, we designed and installed necessary equipment to prepare the materials. In order to predict and control the porosity of the aluminium foam, a simplified and idealized physical model was established. In consequence, the mechanical behavior of materials was studied with static compression tests. For obtain necessary information to choose the appropriate foam or composite in the real occasion, the influence of the structural parameters on the mechanical response was investigated. Moreover, a numerical simplified model was proposed to establish the relation between the structure of cellule and the elastic module. In the last part, the dynamic properties of foam and composite were studied under point impact. In the same way, we studied the influence of the structural parameters and the conditions of tests on the responses of materials under impact
Dubuget, Vincent. „Élaboration et Caractérisation de Matériaux Ferromagnétiques Doux − Modélisation de Couches Magnétiques Inhomogènes“. Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHabrard, Florian. „Élaboration de dispositifs et matériaux mixtes à base de polymères conjugués électroluminescents“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130247.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSedjame, Henri-Joël. „Élaboration de matériaux catalytiques pour l'élimination de polluants organiques en phase gaz“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2283/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe results presented in this manuscript have aimed at preparing catalytic materials based on noble metals for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Thus, different platinum based catalysts have been prepared and their catalytic performances have been evaluated for n-butanol and acetic acid oxidation. A first study on oxidative and non-oxidative removal of n-butanol over alumina supported platinum based catalysts has been performed. This work focused on the study of the effect of the different parameters involved in the reaction (oxygen, water, metal). The adsorption-desorption phenomenon of the pollutant on the catalyst surface has also been studied.Inspired by the literature on the specific redox properties of ceria, the work was then focused on the effect of the addition of CeO2 to Pt/Al2O3 catalysts for n-butanol and acetic acid oxidation. The modification of the redox and acid-base properties as well as that of the catalytic performances of the material with the addition of CeO2 allowed to establish a relationship between catalytic oxidation activities, oxygen storage capacity and basicity. This correlation has been confirmed in the last study performed on the monolithic catalysts coated with different materials (Pt/Al2O3, Pt/CeO2, Pt/ZrO2, Pt/Al2O3-CeO2, Pt/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Pt/CeO2-ZrO2)
Goczkowski, Mathieu. „Conception et élaboration de matériaux à biodégradabilité contrôlée pour la médecine régénérative“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0920.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFibrin gels are of interest in regenerative medicine, as they mimic the provisory matrix synthesized during wound healing process. However, when prepared at physiologic concentration, these gels cannot be handled, nor stocked in dry state. To face these drawbacks, they can be associated with another polymer network, in an Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN). This strategy was used to associate to a fibrin network, a semi-synthetic conetwork composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), obtained by photopolymerization of methacrylate-modified BSA and PEG.It was demonstrated through ex vivo and in in vitro experiments that these materials have numerous potential applications, as they support on their surface, the culture of numerous cell types. Moreover, it was observed that they may be used as drug carrier for drug release applications.Moreover, the technology was optimized by modifying the methacrylate functions on the precursors for acrylate functions. This modification allowed to reduce the toxicity of the process, while preserving materials performances. It was also demonstrated that these optimized materials have different degradation mechanisms, which are controllable by their initial formulation.Finally, 2 new groups of fibrin-based IPNs were developed, by associating to a fibrin network, another protein network, the silk fibroin. Perfectly handable IPNs were obtained, which support on their surface the culture of fibroblasts. These materials are then very promising for skin tissue engineering, and most likely other applications
Del, Frari Doriane. „Élaboration électrochimique et caractérisation de matériaux thermoélectriques de type (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3“. Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Del_Frari.Doriane.SMZ0510.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work concerns the realization of thermoelectric materials by electrochemistry, for: applications related to their properties, which lie mainly in the field of the heat transfer. The expected materials are the p -type terrnary of the bismuth telluride family with antimony (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3. The first part of this work was devoted the choice of the chemical parameters making it possible to maintain the ion solubility, and to the analysis of the electrochemical behaviour of these species in solution. Then, a protocol of synthesis in continuous way was definedon stainless steel. It was possible to reach all Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 stoichiometries by varying the [Sb]/[Bi] ratio in solution. The optimal ratios allowing the Bi0,5Sb1,5. 5Te3 formation, made up leading to the best thermoelectric properties at room temperature, were obtained for a potential range -0,15 and -0,3 V/SCE. Lastly, the relation between composition and conductivity was established. The definition of a synthesis protocol of these materials was also carried out in pulsed electrodeposition. Solutions of [Sb]/[Bi] ratios higher than employed in continuous way led to the electrodeposition of Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 composition ternary. The application of the pulsed deposition allowed a physical properties optimization of the deposits, in particular by strongly reducting the roughness. The determination of an adapted heat treatment protocol led to obtaining compounds with optimal thermoelectric properties
Ecochard, Yvan. „Élaboration de polymères 100 % biosourcés pour matériaux composites à impact environnemental réduit“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDIAM Bouchage develops composites from cork flour and binder in order to produce technological cork-stoppers carried out by a molding process. To get rid of the use of isocyanates for polyurethanes synthesis, new pathways for 100% biobased polymers without the use of CMR substances are considered. As the most promising route for Non-Isocyanate PolyUrethanes (NIPUs) synthesis, Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) have been chosen. The presented study concerns the synthesis, the characterization and the formulation of a new PHU binder from cyclocarbonates and amines.Among available biobased reactants and synthetic pathways, few monomers have been selected in accordance with specifications. This has led to PHUs materials and cork-stoppers development to identify the best formulations. New hybrids routes have finally been developed to overcome PHUs limitations such as reactivity and conversion. Acrylates have been used as reactive additives or cross-linkers for PHU-amino telechelic prepolymers. New cyclic carbonates monomers of low viscosity and high functionality have also been synthesized to solve process issues
Ceglia, Gaétane. „Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux modèles à base d’émulsions contrôlées“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14462/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolymer foams are cellular materials commonly used for safety applications in many industrial sectors (aeronautic, passive safety, gears…). To even improve their performances, the link between their structural parameters (cell sizes, density...) and their mechanical behaviour should be better understood and modelled. A way of producing such foams is to polymerize the continuous phase of highly concentrated emulsions. The advantage of such an emulsion-based strategy is that it becomes possible to take advantage of the good control over emulsion parameters (drop size, dispersed phase volume fraction, continuous phase composition) to elaborate model foams with cells and pores having narrow size distributions. The production of model foams makes it possible to determine independently the influence of each parameter on the compression modulus and to compare the results with existing models
Thieblesson, Lydie Marcelle. „Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux issus de ressources locales recyclées ou biosourcées“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S133/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to strong global population growth, and particularly African, the population’s needs in terms of building have to be anticipated. The aim is to develop alternative materials with adequate multiphysical performances and low impact on the environment. This work investigates the elaboration and characterization of composites to be used as constructive partition products (partitions, false ceilings). The selection of raw materials takes into account sustainable development criteria, considering both the local availability of materials and their footprint in terms of resource depletion (recycled or bio-sourced materials). The binders used are plaster, potato starch and cassava starch. The loads are wood fiber, cellulose wadding and paper granules, for an original valorisation in building material. The performances of the developed composites are evaluated from a mechanical, hygric, thermal and fire resistance point of view. This work has shown the feasibility and the interest of such composites. These can in particular be used for their quality of hygric regulator and thermal corrector
Bertaud, Thomas. „Élaboration et caractérisation large bande de matériaux « high-K » en structure « MIM »“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo improve the electrical performances of integrated circuits (integration density, speed and reliability), high permittivity materials are introduced in passive components, including "Metal-Insulator-Metal" (MIM) capacitors. Many dielectrics, with a permittivity ranging from mean (SixNy, Ta2O5, HfO2, ZrO2) to very high (perovskites SrTiO3 and BaTiO3) through the alloy of several elements (HfTiO, TiTaO or Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3) are widely studied as promising candidates. These components and materials are designed to operate at frequencies higher and higher, up to several gigahertz. The dielectric complex permittivity Er (real permittivity E'r and losses E''r) may vary with frequency: relaxation and resonances phenomena may occur. The characterization of these materials and the performances evaluation of components integrating these dielectrics become necessary over a wide frequency band. This thesis aims to obtain the electrical characteristics of dielectrics over a wide frequency band, from DC to several tens of gigahertz, in an in-situ configuration, i. E. In thin films and with the same processes of integration of the final MIM component. For this, a generic tool, from the development of the technology necessary to realize test structures to the high frequency extraction procedures of the material properties, has been developed, validated through SixNy and then applied to some dielectrics: AlN [1], TiTaO [2], HfO2 and ZrO2 [3,4]. [1] T. Bertaud et al. , Microelectron. Eng. 88, 564 (2011). [2] T. Bertaud et al. , J. Appl. Phys. 110, 044110 (2011). [3] T. Bertaud et al. , IEEE Electr. Device L. 31 (2), 114 (2010). [4] T. Bertaud et al. , IEEE T. Compon. Pack. 2 (3), 502 (2012)
Petrantoni, Marine. „Nanomatériaux énergétiques sur puce : élaboration, modélisation et caractérisation“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559629.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVergnat, Christelle. „Élaboration de surfaces polymères orientées et nanostrueturées pour l'orientation de matériaux moléculaires conjugués“. Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to understand the mechanism of oriented growth of two organic molecules: zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and zinc tetra-tertiobutyl phthalocyanine (ttbZnPc), on oriented substrates of bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC). In the first section, the structure of the oriented and nanostructured PC substrate has been studied. The PC surface consists of a periodic alternation of oriented crystalline lamellae and amorphous zones. The crystalline lamellae show a preferential contact plane (a,c). These PC substrates present a “bi-layers” structure: the oriented overlayer is crystallised over while the underlying layer is amorphous. In the second section, we have analyzed the oriented growth of the ZnPc thin films evaporated on the PC substrate. Morphology, polymorphism and orientation of ZnPc nanocrystals depend on the substrate temperature (Ts). Furthermore, a high in-plane orientation of the ZnPc nanocrystals emerges when the film exceeds 15 nm. ZnPc nuclei are oriented by “topographical epitaxy” on the surface of the lamellar crystals of PC. The lamellar structure of the PC substrates promotes the growth of the ZnPc nuclei by coalescence of adjacent monodomains. The molecular stacking of ZnPc molecules lies parallel to the crystalline lamellae. Finally, it is shown that PC films constitute an interesting alternative to friction-transferred polytetrafluoroethylene substrate to orient semiconductor molecules of ZnPc and ttb-ZnPc (up to Ts ~ 170°C)
Blanc, Carine. „Élaboration, caractérisation et résistance à l'usure de composites céramiques sic/tib#2“. ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0804.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoy, Emmanuel. „Élaboration électrochimique et caractérisations de nanofils d'antimoine et d'or“. Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351667.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne-dimensional nanostructures attract a great deal of research interest because they allow both fundamental studies and potential applications. The aim of this work is to investigate the electrodeposited nanowires such as antimony (Sb) and gold (Au). By correlation of the synthesis conditions, growth morphology and crystal quality, we have successfully elaborated single crystalline nanowires using template method, i. E. Both Sb and Au nanowires were deposited in the pores of a polycarbonate membrane with a diameter variation from 400 to 20 nm. Analysis of the electrochemical behaviors during deposition processing results in a preliminary comprehension of the electrodeposition mechanism for template nanowire preparation, which is related to a special diffusion layer thickness in the case of nano-deposition. Characterization of nano-scaled structures requires specific techniques, particularly in high resolution. Therefore, SEM-FEG, HRTEM, EXDS-TEM, EELS-STEM-FEG as well as AFM have been used in this work for both the growth morphology investigation and the chemical composition determination of the electrodeposited Sb and Au nanowires. Finally, field emission properties of the free-standing Au nanowires have been measured in order to fabricated field emission displays (FEDs). A threshold field (Ethr) equal to 3,2 V/µm (for an emission current density of 10 mA/cm2) was deduced. This value is comparable to that obtained with carbon nanotubes
Aboutajeddine, Ahmed. „Élaboration de nouvelles approches micromécaniques pour l'optimisation des performances mécaniques des matériaux hétérogènes“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1721.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagliozzi, Fiona. „Synthèse de polyhydroxyuréthanes biosourcés par extrusion réactive : élaboration de matériaux aux propriétés originales“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0290.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work deals with the application of reactive extrusion to the bulk synthesis of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs). On the one hand, thermoplastic PHUs have been synthesized from three biobased 5-membered biscyclic carbonates, two of them being ester- or ether- chemically ‘activated’. The complete conversion of reactive functions has been reached in most cases, in relatively short reaction times (few hours), despite very cohesive systems, specifically in the case of one biscyclic carbonate bearing amide moieties. On the other hand, thermosets PHUs with shape memory capacity and reprocessability have been synthesized through this process. Simultaneously, a study was performed on model reactions in order to determine the experimental conditions that limit urea formation during the aminolysis of biscyclic carbonates. Finally, a purification protocol was developed in order to separate the two enantiomers of DGDC biscyclic carbonate. The polymerization of these two separated enantiomers with diamines demonstrated that the stereochemistry of biscyclic carbonate monomers plays a crucial role in the final polymer size and properties
Zavaglia, Raffaele. „Nouveaux matériaux biosourcés : étude et élaboration de nanocompostites à partir de polyalcool furfurylique“. Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiomass-based polymers represent a sustainable alternative to oil-based materials. Furfuryl alcohol which is derived from ligno-cellulosic resources can polymerize into polyfurfuryl alcohol. The objectives of this work were on one hand to understand the polymerization mechanisms with different nanoclays as catalyst and on the other hand to improve the themo-mechanical properties of the polyfurfuryl alcohol matrix with different nanofillers. The complex polymerization kinetic pathway was investigated with the advanced isoconversional method based on DSC data. The catalytic role of montmorillonite was clearly explained and influence of clay layers and interlayer cations was highlighted. The application of the isoconversional method to rheological data shows original results for the diffusion controlled part of the reaction. Innovative polyfurfuryl alcohol/silica hybrid nanocomposites were elaborated. The silica nanoparticles were synthesised via a Stober or a sol-gel method and various surface modifications were foreseen. The thermo-mechanical properties of polyfurfuryl alcohol were improved with the silica nanoparticles
Le, Guen Emmanuel. „Élaboration et réalisation de matériaux magnétodiélectriques pour la miniaturisation d'antennes en bande UHF“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAntenna miniaturization, especially with dielectric substrates, is accompanied by a radiation loss (bandwidth, gain, efficiency). To meet the challenge "integration / performance", the design of new materials such as magnetodielectrics ferrites is a promising alternative. To satisfy these requirements, this work highlights the main parameters of ferrite spinel development by coprecipitation. A moderate thermal treatment leads to semi porous ceramics. In parallel, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, related to the composition (ratio Nickel / Zinc, Cobalt, Iron 2+ ...), and the magnetoelastic anisotropy with application of stress, extend the field of low-loss from 400 MHz to over 1 GHz, in the Nickel-Zinc ferrite. These materials were able to equip antennas on DVH-H frequencies (470-830 MHz). In order to take full advantage of miniaturization, we proposed a printed antenna. A good correlation between simulation results and measurement is obtained, together with relations adapted to patch antennas. Finally, in the emerging field of communications On / Off bodies, we have developed flexible antennas on PDMS substrate. To ensure good antenna efficiency, it is encapsulated, thereby avoiding a hazardous metallization (cracks, loss of adhesion)
Lofficial, Dina. „Photosynthèse artificielle : élaboration de matériaux composites pour la valorisation de CO2 par photocatalyse“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10153/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn enticing opportunity would consist in using abundant and inexhaustible solar energy to valorise CO2 into fuels. That might answer in an elegant way to environmental and energetic concerns: the global warming due to atmospheric CO2 concentration increase and the dreaded shortage of energy resources. Green plants are able to reduce carbon dioxide into hydrocarbonated compounds and to oxidise simultaneously water into dioxygen by using photosynthesis. This study will focus on the design of materials able to absorb light and to imitate this natural process and more particularly its typical energetic Z-scheme. The chosen strategy is the creation of inorganic systems with SC-p (cathode) - Metal - SC-n (anode) heterojunctions. Two synthesis strategies were elaborated to obtain composite photocatalysts SCp@M/SCn, and more particularly Cu2O@Pt/TiO2. The evaluation of photocatalytic performances reveals heterojunctions benefits in term of charge separation and selectivity for photocatalytic hydrocarbonated compounds production. This study seems to do its bit towards “artificial photosynthesis” process
Queste, Samuel. „Élaboration de couches minces ferromagnétiques à forte perméabilité pour applications hyperfréquences“. Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is to fabricate and characterize amorphous or polycrystalline films with high permeability levels in the microwave range. These micronic ferromagnetic thin films have been obtained by magnetron sputtering onto continuously transported polymeric substrate. In a first part, alloys basis which exhibit suitable properties are identified. The second part shows how the permeability response can be tuned through sputtering parameters. These films may be integrated in devices with reduced dimensions (lateral size and thickness). Then, a study of shape impact effects over magnetics properties of these alloys is presented. It reveals easy axis magnetization instability for Nickel base alloys and the presence of important edge effects for Cobalt base alloys. The last part of the thesis deals with the study of exchange coupling between a ferromagnetic (F) layer and an antiferromagnetic (AF) layer, used to increase the anisotropy of the F layer. Microwave measurements have been carried out to probe the appearance of exchange coupling when few AF monolayers have been deposited
Dehurtevent, Marion. „Élaboration d'une céramique dentaire par stéréolithographie“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStereolithography is a layer-by layer additive manufacturing method. It allows to reduce the strains that occur with milling methods. Its use for clinical purposes needs to follow dental material standards. The impact of slurry composition and the influence of layer orientation on mechanical and physical properties have been studied. This work permitted to develop and optimize a stereolithographic manufacturing process with digital light processing with no blade in order to obtain suitable physical and mechanical properties of alumina ceramics for dental applications. The slurries could be processed by stereolithography when their viscosity was below 138 mPa.s. Viscosity values beyond 151 mPa.s caused deformations in the printed layers. High dry matter content increased the viscosity and the minimal time needed to relax the slurries before photopolymerization. Reduction of the organic phase reduced the formation of defects and thus increased mechanical strength of the ceramics. The compromise between a high dry matter content and low viscosity that is compatible with stereolithography manufacturing was found for 80% dry matter content slurries having large particle size. The great layer surfaces increased the period needed to relax the slurries between two polymerizations, and the risk of defects to appear. This can reduce mechanical strength of the ceramics. To avoid this drawback, the maximal surface of the printed layers should be limited. In addition, microstructural analysis showed a texturation of pure densified alumina. In fact, the main axis of large particles followed the orientation of the printed layers. This led to anisotropic mechanical properties. Moreover, an orientation of these particles perpendicular to the load increased fracture toughness (measured by flexural strength) of the ceramics compared to those of ceramics presenting particles oriented parallel to the load. Finally, compared finite element analysis of a bridge framework showed similar strain repartition between stereolithographic and subtractive methods. In conclusion, stereolithography with no blade of dental ceramics need to orientate the models in order to present the smallest layer surfaces. If the axis of the large particles is the same as the printing axis, these particles must be oriented in order to be perpendicular to masticatory forces. More studies are required to evaluate the marginal gap between prosthetic frameworks and dental crown preparations to allow clinical use
Pogosian, Tamara. „Structures quasi-accord de phase 3D : étude théorique, élaboration de matériaux non-linéaires, et réalisation des structures en matériau polymère“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study, we investigate theoretically and experimentally 3D quasi-phase matching (QPM) structures. The work focuses on i) mathematical analysis of second-harmonic generation efficiency in 3D QPM lattices, ii) synthesis and analysis of polymers materials with embedded nonlinear submicron particles for fabrication of nonlinear lattices, iii) development of methods for creation of nonlinear 2D and 3D QPM lattices. The purpose of the theoretical part is to define the influence of different parameters of 3D QPM structures on the efficiency of the frequency conversion. In order to conduct our experimental research, we then synthesis two composite materials which consist of polymer matrices with embedded nonlinear submicron DAST crystals. Using these materials, we are capable of creating novel methods of fabrication of 2D and 3D QPM structures. The first method consists of holographically writing a photopolymerizable composite, during which the nonlinear DAST crystals are transferred into the dark zones of the interference pattern. The second method employs the direct laser writing technique to patterning the submicron DAST crystals embedded in polymer matrices, by the photothermal destruction effect. Finally, the third method allows creation of 2D nonlinear lattices by filling voids of SU-8 template with submicrometer DAST crystals
Kayser, Marie. „Élaboration de nouvelles membranes électrolytiques composites SPEEK/SILICE“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27958/27958.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVersace, Davy-Louis. „Matériaux sol-gel hybrides photopolymères synthétisés par voie radicalaire ou cationique : élaboration, mécanisme et applications“. Mulhouse, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MULH0924.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe synthesis of Hybrid Materials was investigated by both the sol-gel process and the photopolymerization of organosilanes containing a polymerizable group. Silicate and organic networks were builded up with the sol-gel process and through UV irradiation respectively. In a first part, the effect of zirconium alkoxides on the evolution of the inorganic network and the photopolymerization of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was studied. For the first time, the unexpected rote of oxygen and zirconium alkoxides on the surface modification properties of the irradiated films has been demonstrated. A second study investigated the cationic photopolymerization of two epoxy-trimethoxysilanes resins synthesized through a preliminary sol-gel process. Following a traditional 2-step synthesis, the influence of the silicate network on photopolymerization kinetics was proved and the polymerization kinetics' slowdown within the silicate densification was demonstrated. A detailed analysis of the final material by 29Si and 13C solid state NMR spectroscopy underlined the capability of the Bronsted acids generated through photolytic degradation of the photoinitiator to simultaneously catalyze both epoxy ring-opening polymerization and alkoxysilane sol-gel polycondensation reactions. Finally, in a collaboration with the National Center for Sensor Research at Dublin, we studied the stability of phosphine oxide derived free-radical photoinitiators in sol-gel conditions with zirconium alkoxides and optimized the formulations involved in the waveguides fabrication
Molina, Émilie. „Matériaux hybrides mésoporeux fonctionnalisés par des polymères : élaboration, caractérisation physico-chimique et applications biomédicales“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMesostructured hybrid materials were prepared by using original silica-structuring agents, which are polyion complex (PIC) micelles. A great advantage of PIC micelles is that they can be reversibly assembled in aqueous solution by varying physico-chemical parameters. PIC micelles are formed by electrostatic complexation between a neutral-anionic double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) and an oppositely charged agent of micellization; here a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(acrylic acid) PEO-b-PAA (synthesized by controlled radical polymerization by atom transfer ATRP) and commercial polyamines (oligochitosan OC or aminoglycoside antibiotics) were respectively used. First, the influence of various parameters (pH, temperature, concentration) on PIC micelle association properties was investigated in aqueous solution. Then, the effect of these parameters on the silica mesostructuring process was studied, it provides a better understanding of the formation mechanisms. It was shown that varying interactions between constituents allows to control the mesostructure (hexagonal, lamellar, wormlike) and the material morphology (nanoparticle, microparticle). Finally, the versatility of the approach has been demonstrated with PEO-b-PAA/aminoglycoside systems. Drug-loaded ordered mesostructured materials were prepared following a one-pot route. Moreover, taking advantage of the high degree of functionality of DHBC polymers and of the reversibility of the micellization, polyacid-functionalized mesoporous materials were directly prepared by selectively extracting the micellization agent. PAA-functionalized silica materials were then used to complex diverse active entities such as drugs, whose delivery could be pH-controlled
Vo, Van Son. „Élaboration, caractérisation et simulation de nanocomposites argile-polymère : des nouveaux matériaux pour l'éco-conception“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1162/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClay nanoparticles (CNP) are abundantly available low-cost natural resources with numerous positive attributes such as large surface area, impermeability to gas, superior mechanical and thermal properties so that they have attracted over the last three decades significant attention, notably for the reinforcement of polymer-based materials. However, CNP suffer from incompatibility, hence weak interfacial interactions and poor dispersion with/in most of organic polymeric materials because of their intrinsic hydrophilicity and strong interlayer interactions. This limitation is one of the major reasons why polymer nanocomposites have to date remained mainly in laboratories. Thus, one of the key challenges in developing clay-based polymer nanocomposites (PCNs) with advanced thermo-mechanical, gas barrier...properties relies on the control at the molecular level of the interface properties of clay nanoplatelets-filled polymer resins. Taking into account the criteria for sustainable development, civil engineering and green economy, we have developed, in the first part of this thesis, reactive and pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers that may be further incorporated in a diverse set of biopolymer matrices and giving rise to strong energy interactions with the said matrices for improved mechanical behavior. To ensure a closer fit of these specifications we have implemented green approaches for the preparation of these generic nanofillers, namely photopolymerisation was used as a low energy consumption and fast method for the surface functionalization of native clays, solvent-free protocols were applied to prepare polymer nanocomposites, while biopolymers (starch, cellulose) or bio-based precursors (epoxidized vegetal oils) served as dispersion media. By controlling the preparation conditions, reactive clay nanofillers with adjustable interlayer spacing and chemical surface reactivity were prepared. Of particular interest is that the layered-like structure of the clay nano ller is preserved while the d-interlayer spacing can be increased though increasing the photopolymerization time, i.e. amount of polymer within the clay nanosheets. Our major results from the the first part can be summarized as follows: Morphology and reactivity of clay nanofillers are easily controlled though adjusting the photopolymerization time and selecting adequate vinyl monomer. - The newly preparation methods allow preparation of samples beyond the gram-scale. - Reactive and surface chemistry of pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers can be tuned to provide compatibility with both conventional preformed biopolymers and bio-based epoxy resins. - The mechanical properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites are improved as compared to the neat polymeric matrices owing to the strong interface interaction between fillers and dispersion matrices
Chevalier, Alexis. „Etude expérimentale, élaboration et modélisation de matériaux composites à base de poudres magnétiques douces“. Brest, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLansiaux, Henri. „Élaboration et caractérisation de renforts tissés 3D interlock chaine en lin pour matériaux composites“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe multi-scale characterisation of textile preforms made with natural fibres is a necessary method to understand and analyse the mechanical properties and behaviour of the composite. In this study, a multi-scale experimental characterisation is carried out on 3D warp interlock fabrics made with flax fibres at the fibre (micro), yarns (meso), fabric and composites (macro) scales. The mechanical tensile properties of the flax fibre were determined using the IFBT methodology. The twist effect was also taken into account in the calculation of fibre stiffness and revealed the limits of the rules of mixtures and some other models. Tensile tests on dry rovings were carried out considering different levels of twist, in order to determine the optimal twist level suited for 3D weaving process. The results reveal the importance of considering the properties of the fibre and the yarn at these scales to determine the most suitable material for weaving. At the fabric scale, seventeen 3D warp interlock fabrics were produced to understand the influence of product parameters on textile parameters and mechanical behaviour. The characterisation of 3D warp interlock woven structures shows the predominant role of yarns on structural and mechanical properties. On the following macroscopic scale, the six impregnated structures have enabled relationships to be established between the reinforcing structures and the associated composite materials. Coupled with these studies, a statistical approach provided a global vision of the product parameters that influence the 3D interlock warp interlock fabrics and the associated composite materials
Vigier, Yves. „Matériaux composites à fibres piézoélectriques pour applications en contrôle de vibrations : élaboration, modélisation, caractérisation“. Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS019.
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