Dissertationen zum Thema „Ekonomiska reformer“
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1
Smrkovský, David. „Čína ve světové ekonomice 21. století“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3034.
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Tato diplomová práce se zabývá stavem čínské ekonomiky a společnosti a pozicí země ve světové ekonomice na počátku 21. století v kontextu domácích reforem a globalizace. Na reformní proces a globalizaci světové ekonomiky je pohlíženo jako na hlavní faktory současného stavu a pozice čínské ekonomiky. Cílem práce je zhodnotit průběh a důsledky čínského reformního procesu, který měl během posledních třiceti let pozměnit čínskou společnost a fungování ekonomiky tak, aby byla schopna se integrovat a obstát v liberalizující se ekonomice světové.
2
Roštínská, Eva. „Řecko: ekonomický vývoj a perspektivy“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75140.
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Diploma thesis describes the development and prospects of greek economy, mainly focused on Economic adjustment programme for Greece introduced in May 2010. Main chapter introduces the goals of the programme and design of main reforms. Estimates of further economic development and the possible restructuring of greek debt was presented.
3
Jurčová-Antošová, Klára. „Čínská ekonomika po vstupu do WTO - aktuální vývoj“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2945.
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China is without any doubt one of the hot topics of today`s world and it is going to stay so in the foreseeable future as well. The European Union is aware of that as all other major players in the world are. They look at China in both awe and fear. Whether the fear is justified or not, is another question. China`s WTO entry was a clear signal for its trading partners that the reforms will go on and that China is going to follow its principals. The year 2006 marked the fifth year of China`s accessions to the WTO. By that time, China became, the world`s fourth-largest economy, the world`s third-largest trading nation after the U.S. and Germany, one of the most popular destinations for foreign direct investment, a major global manufacturing center and, along with the U.S. economy, one of the world`s greatest, if not the greatest, engines of economic growth.
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Jurčová, Klára. „Čínská ekonomika po vstupu do WTO - aktuální vývoj“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77222.
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China is without any doubt one of the hot topics of today`s world and it is going to stay so in the foreseeable future as well. The European Union is aware of that as all other major players in the world are. They look at China in both awe and fear. Whether the fear is justified or not, is another question. China`s WTO entry was a clear signal for its trading partners that the reforms will go on and that China is going to follow its principals. The year 2006 marked the fifth year of China`s accessions to the WTO. By that time, China became, the world`s fourth-largest economy, the world`s third-largest trading nation after the U.S. and Germany, one of the most popular destinations for foreign direct investment, a major global manufacturing center and, along with the U.S. economy, one of the world`s greatest, if not the greatest, engines of economic growth.
5
Lotterová, Jitka. „Polsko - obchodní partner ČR“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2437.
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Sekáč, Martin. „Vývoj čínské ekonomiky na začátku 21. století“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205684.
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This paper is focused on economic development of the People's Republic of China during the last decade. The aim of this paper is to analyse the economic transformation and identify key factors holding back the economic growth. In the theoretical part of this paper there will be a short introduction of China. Some Chinese social and economic specifics will also be explained. The end of this chapter will be focused on historical economic reforms and current goals for the economy. Next chapter will be focused on analysis of the economy in the last decade using the official available data. In the conclusion of this paper there will be presented findings and key factors holding back the economic growth of China.
7
Kylíšková, Michaela. „Zhodnocení ekonomického vývoje vybraných rozvojových a transitivních ekonomik“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17200.
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In my thesis I have focused on economic development of China and India. The goal is to compare success of transformation in these countries based on the analysis of macroeconomic developments. The whole work is divided in three parts. In the first part are theoretical basis of work. In the second part is described economic development of China and India included main economic reforms. Last part contains a comparison of macroeconomic indicators and overall evaluation of applied methods of transformation.
8
Pročka, Peter. „Analýza vývoja slovenskej ekonomiky od roku 1993“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75703.
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Diploma thesis studies macroeconomical and fiscal progress of the Slovac Republic from the year 1993 with the strong focus on reformative arrangements in the area of public finance in the time period 2003 and 2004. The content targets evaluation of the causes of the refomative packet and his significance for the following progress of the slovac economy and fiscal area. The first part of the thesis evaluates economic policy till the year 2002, which passes over against background of the transformation process of the national economy, together with the identification of the status which led to the preparation and confirmation of the reformative legislation. Next part of the work studies the content of the accepted arrangaments itself and changes, which were brought to the Slovac Republic. The third part of the thesis follows the analytical evaluation of the real changes from the macroeconomical and fiscal part of view. Final part extends the knowledge with the international format through the comparation of the similar reform projects in Hungary, Estonia and Latvia and at the same time evaluates the stage and potential risks of the current economical and fiscal progression of the Slovac Republic
9
Sharkhuu, Tsevelmaa. „Transformační procesy v Mongolsku v letech 1990-2005“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1071.
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Práce se zaměřuje vystínit výchozí podmínky a vývoj transformačního procesu v Mongolsku v období 1990-2005. Rozebírá ekonomické reformy v jednotlivých oblastech hospodářství a jejích výsledky, definuje priority dalšího rozvoje.
10
Varga, Peter. „Ekonomické efekty reformy Nového Zélandu“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-439.
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New Zealand has gone through remarkable reforms which have encompassed of wide range of government policies which have changed the incentives in private and public sector. This article tries to show the development of New Zealand economy before reform period, shows development of the reforms and tries to assess the economic effects of these reforms. First it analyses the effects in the primary sector, where it defines primary sector as itself and then analyses the incentives that have changed the sector output and conditions. Next the firm dynamics is being analysed as per the effects of the reforms. It is shown that first in some sectors the output proportion in GDP is lowering because of reforms were being made, later it shows this proportion to be rising again. Last, the view is made in effects analysis in labour market, where it has been found, that labour productivity is not growing enough, so the reforms were made too agresively. Next part of this article analyses macroeconomic effects such as public debt, which in brutto has been lowered through reforms to less than 30% of New Zealand GDP. First, inflation which was few years after reforms still in very high rates, but in 1990s it has been reduced well. And finaly the GDP growth itself, where it has been found out, that New Zealand has sacrifised a part of its GDP amount for agressive and fast reforms. Overlooking the period and its effects it has to be said that New Zealand has now a great market economy with transparent public sector, and the sacrifises were probably worth it.
11
Stránský, Jan. „Ekonomické souvislosti Pražského jara 1968 a Šikova reforma“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1272.
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Tato práce se zabývá vývojem československého hospodářství v padesátých a šedesátých letech 20. století z pohledu jejich vlivu na reformní hnutí v šedesátých letech. Z tohoto důvodu zkoumá etapy centralizace a militarizace národního hospodářství, ani krátká období reforem a konsolidace. Ze současného pohledu jsou nejvýznamnější právě etapy reforem, které se snažily v rámci rigidní, Sovětským svazem ovlivněné, hospodářské politiky zmírnit hospodářské problémy vyvolané militarizací ekonomiky. Proto je nedílnou součástí této práce také shrnutí teoretických východisek Šikovy reformy, která byla z hlediska změny hospodářské politiky nejhlubší. Práce se snaží navzájem konfrontovat pohled Oty Šika, jako jednoho z autorů reformy, s názory historiků a ekonomů, snaží se také o zhodnocení některých jejích kroků.
12
Slavíková, Kateřina. „Vnější ekonomické vztahy Itálie“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1854.
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Práce představuje souhrnnou ekonomicko-politickou analýzu Itálie z pohledu klíčových ekonomických ukazatelů. Současná ekonomická situace v zemi představuje výsledek dlouhodobého procesu transformace italského hospodářství. Analýza podpory přílivu zahraničních investic a celkového investičního prostředí, zahraničního obchodu, jeho struktury, klíčových partnerů a systému podpory exportu jsou nezbytnou součástí této studie, stejně jako je nástin budoucího hospodářského vývoje, který se opírá o zjištěné skutečnosti.
13
Šafránek, Michal. „Reforma bankovního systému Francie“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199757.
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The diploma thesis focuses on the reform of the bank sector of France passed by the legislators in 2013. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the overall characteristics of the French economy and on the macroeconomic development of the country since 2008. The second part describes the bank system of France and contains stress tests performed at selected bank institutions. The final part focuses on the actual reform of the bank system and portrays some concrete measures taken. The thesis also contains a brief comparison of the bank reform made in 2009 in Spain and the reform that is currently taking place in France.
14
Kvíz, Martin. „Poreformní ekonomika Nového Zélandu: komparace s ČR“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3046.
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Práce podává komplexní pohled na moderní ekonomiku Nového Zélandu v souvislosti se zásadními ekonomickými reformami prováděnými v období 1984-1996. Samotné reformy, jakož i současný stav ekonomiky a postavení Nového Zélandu ve světové ekonomice jsou srovnány s českými reáliemi za účelem přiblížení fakt, procesů a ekonomických opatření vzdálené země českému čtenáři.
15
Horáček, David. „Japonská ekonomika v období americké okupace“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2392.
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Základním cílem Američanů v poválečném Japonsku bylo provést zásadní společenské reformy, které by z Japonska učinily jejich významného politického a obchodního spojence. Z hlediska kladného a trvalého přijetí těchto reforem japonským obyvatelstvem však klíčovou roli hrála především hospodářská politika vlády a americké okupační moci, neboť pouze rostoucí životní úroveň obyvatel mohla tento základní cíl naplnit. Nastartování válkou zničené japonské ekonomiky se proto rychle stalo významným tématem okupace. Tato práce analyzuje motivy a dopady všech významných opatření realizovaných v průběhu okupace, které měly zásadní vliv na vývoj japonské ekonomiky a životní úrovně. Z tohoto pohledu je práce dělena na dva základní bloky. V první části je hodnocena především fiskální politika japonské vlády, její přístup k poválečné inflaci a k centrálnímu řízení ekonomiky. Druhá část práce potom analyzuje tři zásadní reformy okupační moci týkajících se demonopolizace, pozemkové reformy a odborového hnutí. Cílem práce je kromě analýzy hospodářské politiky také rozhodnout, do jaké míry nakonec americká okupace přispěla k budoucí ekonomické prosperitě Japonska.
16
Rábová, Anna. „Reforma Mezinárodního měnového fondu v souvislosti s vývojem světové ekonomiky“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81586.
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This thesis deals with the development of the International Monetary Fund from its establishment to the present in connection with the changing reality in the world economy and with its reform in the new millennium that was caused by the unsuitable form of this institution considering the current situation in the world economy. In the third part it deals with the development of this reform in connection with the last financial crisis and with the impact of this crisis on the International Monetary Fund.
17
Heralecký, Antonín. „Ekonomická transformace Egypta“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5264.
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In the first chapter natural, human and capital resources of Egyptian economy are characterized. In the second chapter the changes in economic policy after 1952 are described, from the era of Arabic socialism to the present period of economic transformation. The third chapter deals with the privatization process. In the fourth chapter deregulation of the economy is described, especially the land reform, the banking sector reform, monetary and fiscal policy. The fifth chapter deals with the process of opening of the econimy, thus liberalization of foreign trade and investmendd is described. The sixth and last chapter is focused on the structural changes in particular sectors of economy.
18
Hlávková, Eva. „Ekonomika Španělska a jeho postavení v EU“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5012.
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The aim of the thesis is to assess the economy of Spain and its position in the European Union. The European integration processes significantly influenced the development of democracy in Spain as a member state of EU. The period after Franco regime would last undoubtedly much longer and it would grow less dynamically without these processes. The influence of EU affected not only the Spanish economy, but also the current position of Spanish monarchy in Europe and in the whole world. The thesis is structured in three main parts. To be able to assess the Spanish economy during its membership in the EU, it is essential to study the procedures of negotiations between the candidate country and the Community. That is the reason why the first part is engaged in the pre-entry phase. The second part examines in detail the development of the economy after the reintroduction of democracy in the country. It deals mainly with the macroeconomic tendencies, their causes together with consequences. The progress concerns the economic situation in Spain before the entry to the Community, in the second half of eighties, as well as during the nineties. The thesis does not forget to be engaged in the current situation in the new millennium and it also outlines the possible development in the following years. The last part is devoted to the position and the influence of Spain on the main integration directions in the European Union. The coherence and the extent of evaluation can be considered one of the benefits of this work. The thesis introduces the complex view of the Spanish economy since the entry to the EU. It also deals with possible following tendencies. The understanding of the development is facilitated by a large number of graphs and tables, which help to outline the essence of the topic.
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Soukupová, Lucie. „Ekonomická transformace zemí bývalé Indočíny“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-7513.
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Práce nejprve obecně charakterizuje ekonomickou transformaci, následně hodnotí přechod Vietnamu, Laosu a Kambodži a v menší míře také Číny a zemí Střední Asie od centrálně plánované k tržní ekonomice. Popisuje prvotní snahy o reformu systémů centrálního řízení, výchozí podmínky tržních reforem a jejich průběh. Dále srovnává reformní úsilí jednotlivých států a hodnotí, do jaké míry se v současné době přiblížily tržní ekonomice, přičemž zmiňuje aktuální překážky bránící plné ekonomické transformaci těchto zemí.
20
Kamenská, Lenka. „Profil konkurenceschopnosti čínské ekonomiky a její posun ke kvalitativně vyšším komparativním výhodám“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199922.
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The main goal of this diploma thesis is to map the development of China's competitiveness in the period from 1970's to the present and to outline the development of the economy in the next 2 decades. The simplified view of the Chinese competitiveness is used in the thesis, which means that we can identify 2 strategies aimed at the development of the Chinese competitiveness. The first chapter contains a definition of term competitiveness and introduces the way of its measurement. The first strategy was applied in China in the period 1978-2005 and is described in the 2nd, 3rd and the 4th chapter. The main goal of these 3 chapters is to describe the reforms adopted by the government and to evaluate the impacts of these reform measures on pillars of the Chinese competitiveness. The latest strategy is described in the last chapter and a special attention is paid to the reform measures aimed at boosting China's innovation performance.
21
Weinertová, Veronika. „Brazílie: poltitcké, ekonomické a sociální aspekty“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12177.
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This thesis deals with economic, political and social aspects of Brazil. The first chapter characterizes Brazil as one of the developing centres of the world economy with emphasis on its geographical and demographic situation and on the political development from the period of colonization to the new millenium. It offers detailed analysis of the social problem as well. The second chapter is basically oriented to the characteristics of the brazil economy. It focuses especially on the structural reforms effectuated in the nineties and on the "Real Plan". The next part of the chapter deals with the description of che basic economic profile and the financial sphere of the country and offers the evaluation of the economic development in the 2007. At the end the "Growth Acceleration Program" is presented. The last chapter analyses actual situation of the brazil foreign trade and of the investment sphere, the most perspective sectors for investments, but it points out potential risks for the investors as well. In the end this chapter tries to define perspectives of the next development of the brazil economy and it's future role in the world economy.
22
Remsha, Siarhei. „Zvláštní ekonomické zóny v Číně: trendy a perspektivy v novém miléniu“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197691.
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This final thesis is dedicated to the analysis of special economic zones. The main goals of this paper are: theoretical study of SEZ, its main characteristics and outlook of specifics of Chinese SEZs, their historical and modern development trends. The first chapter is dedicated to the theoretical analysis of SEZs from various angles; it outlines main features and definitions; gives analysis of the effects of SEZ on the domestic economy and analyses factors for successful zone launch. It contains analysis of the main goals and roles of SEZs in the economy; describes SEZs in BRIC countries. The second chapter is dedicated to the specifics of Chinese SEZs and description of the Chinese liberalization reforms with the emphasis put on SEZs. It provides description of the main reasons for zones launching in China, their roles and features, investor's motivation for entry onto the Chinese market, the role of ethnic Chinese, effect of SEZs. The third chapter introduces modern development trends of SEZs in China. It describes new types of zones, analyses new growth tendencies, evaluates the effects of the current five-year plan on goals and development priorities of SEZs, and examines impacts of SEZs on the realization of state development programme. The last chapter is focused on the selected SEZs with emphasis on current development trends and SWOT analysis of Chinese SEZs. This chapter applies theoretical knowledge gained in previous chapters on the analysis of the selected zones. This paper, as a result, provides the complex overview of Chinese SEZs, current development trends and their impacts on the Chinese economy.
23
Šimečková, Barbora. „Komunikace státu: Jak u veřejnosti uspět s ekonomickými reformami“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192749.
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This diploma thesis deals with the communication of state substantial economic reforms. Methodology is a case study that examines the governmental communication of the pension reform in 2013. The introduction of the thesis briefly outlines the socioeconomic situation in the Czech Republic after 2008. The theoretical part sets out the necessary basis in the fields of media and communication, public relations, political communication, psychology and public choice theory and it also provides an overview of pension system reforms development in the Czech Republic area from the time of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It notes that this issue is one of the constant governmental agenda, especially after 1989, and its enforcement is depends on the political settlement. Practical part of the thesis analyzes the communication discourse of governmental pension reform effective from 1 January 2013. For this purpose it uses structured interviews with stakeholders, quantitative content media analysis and public opinion polls. It concludes that there was no communication strategy for the pension reform and governmental information activities were insufficient and time inadequate. The thesis results in a set of recommendations for the government and its future economic reforms communication. It includes political consensus, clear message and target group identification, detailed timeline plan and the principle of simplicity in the reform explaining.
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Dubinová, Petra. „Komparace daňových reforem během finanční a ekonomické krize v starých a nových zemích EU“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192601.
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This thesis deals with the comparison of tax reforms during the financial and economic crisis in the old and new EU countries. My main objective is to compare the reforms implemented in individual states during the financial and economic crisis and its impact on the tax quota and tax mix. The first part deals with the causes and development of the financial and economic crisis. In the second chapter is a description of the optimal tax system and history of the tax reforms. The final chapter describes the various changes and reforms in EU countries, the development of their tax quota, tax mix, the government expenditure to GDP ratio, the government debt to GDP ratio and the impact of certain changes to the amount of taxation on labor.
25
Dudko, Volha. „Economic Transformation in Belarus“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9361.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons of slow path of economic transformation in Belarus. In the first part is analyzed the general pattern of transition, characteristic for most of post-soviet countries. In the second part is described the path of transition in Belarus -- one of the least transformed countries in post-soviet region. In the study is introduced the analysis of initial conditions and first market reforms implemented on the initial stage of transition. Also, the author investigates the economic model, established in Belarus after market reforms had been suspended. In the study is discussed the possibility for continuation of economic transformation in Belarus in recent future. In order to summarize the key points of the study and draw the complex picture of Belarus in the world economy the SWOT analysis of Belarusian economy is introduced.
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Merunková, Jaroslava. „Studie dopadu protekcionistických politik vyspělých zemí na ekonomiky rozvojových zemí“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2247.
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Tato práce se zabývá dopadem protekcionistických politik vyspělých zemí na rozvojové země. Cílem této práce je analýza cukerné politiky EU a její dopady na země Sub-Saharské Afriky - Zambie a Mozambik, a také je uveden příklad Brazílie. Součástí práce je i nová reforma cukerného pořádku a její možné dopady.
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Tůmová, Jana. „Konservativní politika M.Thatcherové ve VB a její implikace na politiku v ČR po roce 1989“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10190.
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The main aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the economic and political development in the United Kingdom under Margaret Thatcher and to judge, to which degree the measures applied by the government of Margaret Thatcher were applicable to the Czech Republic, respectively, to which degree the government of Václav Klaus (1992 -- 1997) was inspired by the British approach and which the practical results of this inspiration were.
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Valkovič, Tomáš. „Sociálne tržné hospodárstvo v SRN - súčasný stav“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10363.
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The master thesis in the theoretical part tries to explain the functioning of the social market economy in Germany and also describes the individual reform steps which were aimed to increase the competitiveness of the German economy in the era of increasing global competition. In the practical part the author concentrated on the impact of the economic crisis on the system of social market economy in Germany. The author chose the revival of the private consumption as the key factor in overcoming the economic crisis and using the regression model tried to assess which economic indicators influence the private consumption of German households the most. From the results of this analysis he derived six reform measures which should help Germany overcome the current economic crisis.
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Shpitontsev, Leonid. „Dealing with potential break up of Economic and Monetary Union“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114044.
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The main principle of the thesis is to address issues concerning structural problems of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and assess economical impact of its potential break up. This in turn implies the need to discuss certain issues. Firstly, since the EMU is based on the concept of Optimal Currency Area (OCA); I start my research with the test whether EMU in its current structure fits the definition of OCA. Secondly, I provide the extensive study on the reasons of current crisis in order to understand the root causes. Thirdly, I assess the potential implications of different ways out of the current sovereign debt crisis.
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Valencia, Amaya Mauricio Giovanni. „Trade Liberalization and Food Security : The Case of Bolivia after the Structural Reforms of 1985“. Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Economic History, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-36892.
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This research shows the relationship between trade liberalization and food security for the Bolivian case. As a result of the severe economic crisis of the early-1980s, Bolivia adopted a series of market-oriented reforms in 1985. The reforms included the liberalization of the trade regime and the promotion of non-traditional exports. The trade liberalization had an important effect on the performance of cash crops, especially in the development of the soybeans industry. However, foodcrops did not have such a great dynamics. Vegetables and starchy roots declined in per capita terms and the increase in imports were not enough to compensate the decline. Trade reforms mostly favor a small group of large-scale farmers in the lowlands, who had historically been granted land in the region. In this sense, Bolivia’s involvement in a trade liberalization process was not reflected in an overall improvement of the country’s food security.
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Hegart, Ellinor, und Alexander Högberg. „Ny kutym eller ny kostym? : Etableringsreformen ur ett nyinstitutionellt ekonomiskt perspektiv“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-101343.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka måluppfyllelsen av etableringsreformen, som trädde i kraft den 1 december 2010, samt aktören etableringslotsens funktion inom denna reform. Detta görs utifrån de uttalade målsättningarna i regeringens proposition 2009/10:60 Nyanlända invandrares arbetsmarknadsetablering – egenansvar med professionellt stöd. Därutöver belyses vilka hinder som finns för målens uppfyllelse. Studien baseras på rapporter och andra dokument från offentliga myndigheter, vilka bland annat kompletteras med egeninsamlad data. Primärdatan bygger på intervjuer som genomförts med fyra handläggare på Arbetsförmedlingen och fyra etableringslotsar som är verksamma i Linköping och Norrköping, samt en mailintervju med Arbetsförmedlingen på central nivå. Resultaten tolkas utifrån institutionell ekonomisk teori med fokus på teorier av Douglass North.Studien visar bland annat att likvärdigheten av etableringsinsatserna har ökat över landet och att arbetsmarknadsperspektivet är tydligare med Arbetsförmedlingen som huvudansvarig istället för kommunerna. Dock lider etableringsreformen av icke-individanpassade etableringsinsatser och en hög samordningsproblematik. Detta drabbar i slutänden de nyanlända som redan möter höga barriärer vid etablering i det svenska samhället. Även externa faktorer påverkar etableringsarbetet och de möjligheter som ges till de nyanlända. Framförallt är det bostadssituationen som påverkar olika ledtider och begränsar de nyanländas möjligheter till deltagande i etableringsinsatserna.De ekonomiska incitamenten för etableringslotsarna att fylla sin tilltänkta funktion är för låga och fokus från lotsarna läggs på socialt stöd istället för arbetsförberedande insatser för den nyanlände. Innovationer från positiv konkurrens har till stora delar uteblivit. Systemet innehåller även vissa brister som tillåter oseriösa eller opportunistiska etableringslotsar att verka, vilka sänker kvaliteten på etableringsarbetet och försämrar de nyanländas möjligheter till etablering på arbetsmarknaden.The aim of the study is to assess the compliance between the goals and the results of the Establishment reform, which entered into force on December 1st 2010, and the role of the participant called the Introduction guide. This assessment is done on the basis of the goals in the proposition from the Swedish government 2009/10:60 Nyanlända invandrares arbetsmarknadsetablering – egenansvar med professionellt stöd. In addition the obstacles to achieving the goals are highlighted. The study is based on reports and other documents from public bodies that are supplemented by, amongst others, the primary data of the study. This primary data consists of interviews with four employees at the Public Employment Service and four Introduction guides in Linköping and Norrköping as well as of mail correspondence with the Public Employment Service at a central level. The results are interpreted using New Institutional Economic Theory, focusing on the theories by Douglass North.The study shows, among other things, that the differences between various establishment activities have diminished, and that there is a stronger labour market focus now that the Public Employment Service has taken over the responsibility from the municipalities. However, the Establishment reform does suffer from a lack of individually adapted establishment activities as well from a failure in collaboration and coordination. This ultimately afflicts the new arrivals, which are already facing high barriers while trying to become a part of the Swedish society. External factors also affect the establishment process and the possibilities for new arrivals. It is foremost the living situation that is affecting different lead times and limiting the immigrants possibilities to participate in establishment activities.The economic incentives for the Introduction guides to fill their intended function are too low and the guides are primarily providing social support for the new arrivals instead of labour market oriented activities. Innovations as a result of competition are largely absent. The system contains various flaws that allow for flippant or opportunistic Introduction guides, which in turn lowers the quality of the Establishment work and worsens the new arrivals’ chances of getting established on the labour market.
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Lukášková, Sára. „Vliv reformy ekonomické governance EU na postavení Evropské komise“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113609.
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The need to improve the economic governance of the EU occurred during the financial crisis when many member states experienced recession. The fact that each member state was influenced differently shows us the two main weaknesses of the EMU: economic heterogeneity of the member states and deep public debt. Existing fiscal rules were proved to be ineffective and unenforceable. The topic of this master thesis is the analysis of the impact of the economic governance reform on the position of the European Commission. The thesis deals only with one aspect of the reform- the budgetary surveillance framework. The thesis explains that this reform was necessary for improving of the EMU and it deals with the impact of this reform on the position of the European Commission. The analysis is based on the comparison of legal acts concerning the budgetary surveillance framework before and after the reform.
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Novotný, Lukáš. „Rozbor politického a hospodářského vývoje Sovětského svazu v 50. až 90. letech 20. století s ohledem na objasnění příčin jeho rozpadu“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2949.
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Práce se zabývá rozpadem Sovětského svazu. Rozebírá politické a hospodářské dějiny SSSR od konce padesátých let až do samotného rozpadu bloku v roce 1991. Dále zobrazuje mocenskopolitický boj mezi hlavními představiteli SSSR v této době. Cílem je nalezení příčin rozpadu a zobrazení hospodářských a politických procesů, které v této době probíhaly a které ke kolapsu vedly.
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Fahlgren, Dennis. „Från fattigvårdstagare till pensionstagare : Den allmänna pensionens utformning och socialaverkningar 1930-1950“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-359831.
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The aim of this study is to examine what effects the pension reforms of 1935 and 1946 had on the poor relief rates of old age pensioners, in Sweden between the years 1930 and 1950. Unlike earlierstudies the focus is on how different groups of pensioners were affected. Salonens theoreticalframework on subsistence is used, which states that an individuals subsistence is based on incomesand expenditures in relation to the market, the family and the state. Both quantitative and qualitativemethods are used. By studying governmental investigations, the study finds that the purpose of thereform of 1935 was to favor women and the urban elders, while the favored groups by the reform of1946 were the urban elders as well as elders in one person households. The 1935 reform did notaffect the favored groups notably since the pensions were too small. The larger pensions of 1946however did substantially even out the poor relief rates between different elders. After theimplementation in 1948 the difference in poor relief rates between different elders was almost nonexistent. This was due to a substantially larger drop in the poor relief rates of the urban elders aswell as amongst elders in one person households. By studying different incomes of old agepensioners, the study finds that the pensioners with the greatest need of the 1946 years largerpensions were the urban men, the rural women, as well as the one person households in both ruraland urban areas. In conclusion this study finds that the reform of 1935 was unsuccessful insupporting the more vulnerable elders, while the reform of 1946 was successful in that matter.
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Dočkal, Dalibor. „Analýza a souvislosti důchodového systému České republiky (příčiny a dopady reforem)“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1404.
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Práce se věnuje analýze a souvislostem důchodového systému České republiky. Důraz je kladen na demografickou analýzu, která uvozuje čtenáře do celé problematiky. Vyvrací mnoho pesimistických scénářů o budoucím vývoji ekonomické struktury obyvatel a upozorňuje na hlavní nedostatky při dlouhodobých (50ti a víceletých) predikcích budoucího demografického i ekonomického vývoje. Na základě analýzy a predikce průběžného důchodového systému je explicitně ukázáno, že jej lze konformně ?reformovat? a zachovat jej jako základní pilíř českého důchodového systému.
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Galay, Stella. „Čína: dynamické centrum ve světové ekonomice“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1873.
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Obsahem diplomové práce je komplexní vyhodnocení vývoje a současného stavu čínské ekonomiky, charakteristika pozice Číny v mezinárodním obchodě v souvislosti se vstupem do Světové obchodní organizace. Podrobněji se zaměřuje na vztah Číny a Evropské unie. Dále předkládaná práce identifikuje hlavní příčiny úpadku čínské civilizace a ztráty jejího postavení ve světě, vymezuje hlavní faktory vedoucí k nutnosti realizace hospodářských reforem, hodnotí jejich průběh, přínos a dopad. V neposlední řadě pojednává o roli přímých zahraničních investic a zahraničního obchodu v procesu otevírání se čínské ekonomiky světu. V závěru se pokouší o identifikaci hlavních problémů a výzev, navrhuje možná řešení a perspektivy vývoje.
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Dvořáková, Martina. „Vývoj a současné postavení Číny ve světové ekonomice“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18183.
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The diploma thesis analyses development and current position of China in the world economy. It focuses in detail on the economic reforms being implemented since the end of the 70s, on their course and impact on China's economy, on the economic situation of China at the beginning of 21st century and on the impact of the world crisis on China's economy and its role in international affairs as well. This thesis also deals with China's accession to the World Trade Organization, its commitments, benefits and impacts, and relations, especially economic, with the United States, the European Union and selected countries in the Asian region. The thesis identifies and characterizes some of the main problems which China is facing as a result of its development.
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Raková, Markéta. „Hospodářská politika vlády Ronalda Reagana v letech 1981-1989“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2656.
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V práci je provedena analýza hospodářské politiky vlády amerického prezidenta v 80. letech. Především se jedná o nastínění změny směru vedení hospodářské politiky z dříve prosazované keynesiánské na novou politiku teoreticky podporovanou monetarismem a školou strany nabídky. Analýza hospodářské politiky jednoho z nejvýznamnějších amerických prezidentů by nemohla být provedena bez toho, aniž by nebyla blíže vysvětlena Reaganova osobnost, jeho přesvědčení a schopnost zrealizovat konkrétní politické kroky. Ekonomické oživení v první polovině 80. let bylo zapříčiněno výraznou daňovou reformou a podporou strany nabídky. Stejně tak, jako Reagan oživil ekonomiku, povzbudil v Američanech národní hrdost a to především fiskální podporou sektoru národní obrany. Umění vládnout Ronalda Reagana bylo jednou z hlavních příčin ukončení studené války a vzniku samostatných států ve střední a východní Evropě.
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Ševc, Pavel. „Zhodnocení vybraných ekonomických nástrojů EU v oblasti environmentální politiky“. Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260719.
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The thesis dealing with the environmental policy on general level, e.g. define the basic terminology as policy of environment, it´s tools, and describe principals of environmental policy. The thesis evaluates ecological taxis and their implementation into Czech legislature, describing realization of tax reforms in Czech Republic and comparing the system with other countries of European Community. The text informs about different math models used in impact evaluation of economic tolls in the sphere of environmental policy. The impact of the selected tools on the state budget of the Czech Republic is analysed in the text. Ecological taxes (solid fuel tax, natural gas tax, other types of gas tax, and electricity tax) create chosen economic tool that is incorporated into Czech legislature. The analytical part of the thesis concerns on analyse and evaluation of the state budget income originated from ecological taxes in the period between 2008 and 2015. Further on the impact on ecological taxis on GDP in different countries of European Community is searched. How ecological taxes contribute to environmental protection is specified in the thesis as well.
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Jörgensen, Hans. „Continuity or not? : Family farming and agricultural transformation in 20th century Estonia“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ekonomisk historia, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-382.
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This doctoral thesis explores the agrarian development in 20th Estonia and the role of family farming during three major agricultural transformations. It consists of four papers and an introductory chapter for which the common departure are the situation appearing in the Estonian farming landscape after the regained independence in 1991. The first three studies analyse comparative aspects on Estonia's interwar experiences with focus on land reform, agricultural co-operation, and agricultural export development. The fourth study focuses on the role of private plots during the Soviet period and the conversion of these into subsistence holdings after 1991. By merging the perspectives in these papers, the introductory chapter explores the impacts and legacies of previous transformations on the post-Soviet agricultural transformation up to 2004. The thesis specifically analyses the long-term effects of perceptions of markets and the role of agricultural production, changes in the agrarian property relations, organisation of agricultural production and co-operation. In analytical terms, this is discussed from the perspectives of continuity and discontinuity. Besides the several societal changes affecting the agrarian property relations in 20th century Estonia, the radical and decisive shifts have also affected markets, trade and economic integration. Since the end of the First World War, Estonia has been quickly thrown between different economic-political systems and legal environments. From the perspective of the small state’s dependence on trade and reliance on a few markets, the upheavals in the early 1920s, after World War II, and not least the fall of the Soviet Union, Estonia’s long-term economic development has been significantly affected. In this context the role of agriculture has changed. Most important, however, this dissertation shows how the idea of small-scale family farming survived throughout the planned economic period and became an indispensable production unit, even though it turned out to be a myth as soon as the Soviet system was dissolved and the exposure to international competition began after 1991.
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Sundén, David. „The dynamics of pension reform“. Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-573.
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This thesis consists of three essays, which all concern the dynamics of pension reform. The first essay evaluates the financial balance and the demographic adjustability of the reformed Swedish pay-as-you-go pension system. The main findings are that the demographic adjustability of the system is poor. Furthermore, the financial balance and pension levels are, to a large degree, dependent on the pension fund and its returns. Making some alterations to the system's benefit formula may improve the adjustability of the system, as well as decreasing its pension fund dependency. It is also shown that the new public system imposes an age-dependent implicit tax on labor earnings that is falling with age. Within the pay-as-you-go system, this tax is large for younger workers for whom almost the whole contribution is regarded as a tax. By introducing a public defined contribution system, the total implicit tax may be reduced since the defined contribution system implies a negative implicit tax because savings are subsidized within the defined contribution system. In the second essay a three-generation OLG model for analyzing a privatization of PAYG old-age social security is developed. Furthermore, it proposes an explicit reform for how the privatization transition may be undertaken. The set of government policy instruments is limited to debt issuing and proportional labor income taxation. The possibilities of a Pareto-improving privatization, given the proposed reform, are then analyzed. Contrary to models where a two-generation OLG framework is used, the three-generation framework creates possibilities for a Pareto-improving privatization of old-age social security, since the PAYG system induces a non-optimal implicit tax over the life cycle. By shifting to an optimal tax policy cannot only the pension claims accrued under the PAYG system be financed, but the shift will also be Pareto-improving. In the third essay the performance of the reformed Latvian pay-as-you-go pension system is evaluated against the background of an exceptional projected decrease in the Latvian labor force. The pension system is designed to handle the upcoming difficulties, and special attention has been given in the design to keep the expenditures low relative to the revenues, by introducing rules dampening the increase in the pension expenditures. In the light of the pessimistic projection of the Latvian demography, the newly reformed PAYG system performs remarkably well. The expenditure reducing rules introduced have significant effects on the system's financial balance. The pension reform also includes the launch of a publicly run defined contributions pension system. It is shown that the resulting implicit tax imposed by the public pension system imposes on labor earnings is negative and increasing with age. That is, savings are subsidized in the public pension system. It is also shown that private savings are fully crowded out as individuals try to offset their savings in the pension system. Since individuals are capital constrained, they will have no private assets at all. From a welfare perspective, this suggests the overall contribution rate to the public pension system to be too high.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2002
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Smola, Filip. „Vybrané aspekty hospodářských vztahů Evropské unie a Čínské lidové republiky na prahu 21. století a jejich reálný dopad na světovou ekonomiku“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205068.
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The main aim of this dissertation is to analyze selected economic activities and economic relations occurring between the European Union and China. This dissertation is divided into four main chapters to ensure coherence and continuity throughout the research. The first chapter deals with the historical development of mutual cooperation between Europe and China. This chapter emphasizes recent events. The most extensive part of this work, the second section, addresses key areas of cooperation between the EU and China. Most of the research focus is devoted to trade economic relations and investment relations. Further, the second chapter addresses controversial areas within the mutual EU-China relations. In contrast with the second chapter, which looks at the mutual relations from the perspective of the whole EU, the third chapter distinguishes bilateral relations between two EU countries and China. The purpose of the third chapter is therefore to highlight the different approach of individual EU member countries. In the last chapter, I try to assess the growing influence of both the EU and China within the global economy. Finally, I outline the possible future development of the research topic.
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Syřišťová, Adéla. „Teoretická východiska tzv. Šikovy reformy“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76699.
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The main focus of this thesis are the economic-theoretical concepts, which in varying degrees contributed to the creation of an official government program of economic reforms in the sixties of the 20th century in Czechoslovakia. The work will mainly analyze the causes of success Šikova reform movement among economists and the Czechoslovak Communist Party leadership. The first part of the study will address the reorientation of foreign trade and economy of Czechoslovakia to the Soviet Union and its satellite countries, as well as the importance of CSR for the functioning of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in the fifties. Briefly mentioned is the first attempt at economic reform led by Kurt Rozsypal issues and other proposals for changes in central planning. The crucial part of this work will be devoted to the theoretical designs and directions, which created the preconditions for the implementation of specific economic reforms in the sixties. The treatment of the topic study should answer the questions: What were the other economic programs and their leaders? These protagonists could significantly affect the program or not?
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Olsson, Mikael. „Ownership reform and corporate governance : The Slovak privatisation process in 1990-1996“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : [S. Academiae Upsaliensis], 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400167769.
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Johansson, Krafve Linus. „Valuation in Welfare Markets : The Rule Books, Whiteboards and Swivel Chairs of Care Choice Reform“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117896.
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This thesis takes an interest in how values attain a specific meaning in market reforms of welfare provision. The study builds on exploring how values are enacted rather than treating them as universal and stable. The aim of the thesis is to contribute conceptually to the understanding of how market-making activities in the welfare state bureaucracy handle the values at play in welfare reform. The empirical case is the governance of a so-called care choice system in a Swedish county council. The methodology for the study is “shadowing” of public officials working to formulate a so-called rulebook for care centres. The analysis describes how these officials handle a variety of values when designing the rulebook. How they choose to organize their work – the methods used to collect data about care centre performance, what governance tools they employ, how they arrange their work roles, and how they construct the rulebook – leads to value shifts and determines the meaning of values in practice. The officials’ work practice is political in the sense that it actively shapes the values enacted in the care choice reform. Therefore, it is of great importance to spur a broader debate about the organization of such governance practices, while there is a need to problematize simplistic images of what market reforms of welfare entails in practice. The thesis proposes that an “ecological” – i.e. a situated, reflexive, and malleable – approach to handling of contending values may contribute to such debates.Avhandlingen intresserar sig för hur värden får sin praktiska innebörd i marknadsreformer av välfärdstjänster. Studien bygger på att undersöka hur värden blir lokalt iscensatta snarare än att behandla dem som universella och stabila. Syftet med studien är att utveckla begrepp för att förstå hur marknadsskapande styrning av välfärd hanterar de motstridiga värden som står på spel i välfärdsreform. Det empiriska fallet utgörs av styrningen av det s.k. vårdvalet i ett svenskt landsting. Metoden är ”skuggning” av tjänstemän som jobbar med att formulera en s.k. regelbok för vårdcentraler. Analysen beskriver hur dessa tjänstemän arbetar med att hantera olika typer av värden när de konstruerar regelboken. Hur de väljer att organisera sitt arbete – vilka metoder de använder för att samla in data om vårdcentralernas prestationer, vilka verktyg de använder för styrning, hur de ordnar sina arbetsroller, samt hur de konstruerar regelboken – leder till värdeförskjutningar och styr vilka uttryck de olika värdena får i praktiken. Tjänstemännens arbete är politiskt såtillvida att det aktivt formar de värden som får utrymme i vårdvalsreformen. Därför är det av stor vikt att skapa en bredare debatt kring organisering av sådan styrning, samtidigt som det kräver att man problematiserar förenklade bilder av vad marknadsreformer i välfärden betyder i praktiken. Avhandlingen föreslår att ett ”ekologiskt” – dvs. ett situerat, reflexivt och föränderligt – perspektiv på hanteringen av motstridiga värden i marknadsreformer kan bidra till en sådan debatt.
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Tomanová, Zuzana. „Analýza vývoje veřejné správy z hlediska vybraných národohospodářských parametrů na území České republiky od roku 1989 do roku 2012“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201918.
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The Thesis on topic The analysis of public administration from the perspective of selected national economic parameters in the Czech Republic from 1989 to 2012 summarizes these issues in order to understand the complexity of the topic. Those who said the issue more interested, this work should help to summarize the progress and crucial moments of public administration reform in the Czech Republic, to understand the principles and functioning of public administration and allow a comparison of public administration in the context of a centrally planned economy compared to today's economy operating under the market mechanism. The theoretical part covers the economic base of the topic and deals with basic definitions of the public sector, respectively public administration, personnel management and financial flows at all levels of public administration. Following chapters focus on the development of public administration from the beginning of the transformation of the economy in 1989, when the first signs appear necessary of reform public administration, until now. Individual chapters deal with the historical sections of the national economy in order to monitor the selected parameters in correspondence to the gross domestic product of the country, including the legislative framework. The thesis refers to the fact, that the aim of the state is considered to achieve a state of public administration, where it will be termed as a whole to be effective. Unsystematic changes in the performance of public administration are essential factors that make governance unstable and non-transparent. Finding ways of their elimination will be able to increase the efficiency of public administration under the current societal needs.
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Eklund, Magnus. „Adoption of the Innovation System Concept in Sweden“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8167.
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Katema, Midia Musonda. „Sociální a ekonomické důsledky transformace hospodářství do tržní ekonomiky“. Master's thesis, 1994. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-189757.
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Choutka, Petr. „Význam struktury daňových systémů pro ekonomický růst v zemích OECD - Extreme Bounds Analysis“. Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339610.
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The importance of tax system structure for economic growth in OECD countries - Extreme Bounds Analysis Abstract The thesis examines the importance of tax system structures for economic growth in OECD countries. It aims to find out whether a revenue-neutral tax reform can promote economic growth. In other words, its objective is to identify taxes which are most harmful for economic growth and suggest tax policy implications accordingly. The extreme bounds analysis is employed to examine the robustness of relationship between particular taxes and the growth rate. This method consists in running a number of regressions and observing how the coefficients respond to various model alterations. The results suggest that taxes levied on personal income have a robust negative impact on economic growth. On the other hand, consumption and property taxes appear to be non-significant predictors of economic growth. The policy implication is drawn that a revenue-neutral tax reform shifting the tax burden from personal income towards consumption and property is likely to boost the economy. JEL classification: H21, H24, H27, O11, O47 Key words: tax system structure, economic growth, extreme bounds analysis, tax reform
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Beránek, Zdeněk. „Transformační proces v Alžírsku (1988-1999)“. Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-299484.
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- Transformační proces v Alžírsku (1988-1999) Předkládaná práce analyzuje politické změny v Alžírsku po roce 1988, kdy byl po nepokojích v hlavním městě zahájen liberalizační proces a urychleny ekonomické tržní reformy. Politické reformy měly posílit postavení prezidenta Bendžedída a jeho spojenců na úkor konzervativních oponentů a zároveň obnovit legitimitu režimu. Autoři reforem každopádně nepočítali s výraznějším sdílením moci. Nečekaný úspěch islamistické strany mobilizoval konzervativce a protiislamisticky zaměřené armádní velení. Zrušení voleb kvůli jednoznačnému vítězství islamistů v lednu 1992 vedlo k eliminaci islamistické i sekulární opozice. Obnovený autoritářský režim dokázal dostat pod kontrolu islamistické povstání a s pomocí MMF i kritickou ekonomickou situaci. Návrat k ústavnímu režimu proběhl bez účasti islamistické i sekulární opozice, která byla fragmentovaná a režim ji dokázal částečně kontrolovat. Po roce 1996 byl nastolen autoritářský režim s omezenými pluralitními prvky s dominantním postavením prezidenta, které je však oslabováno výrazným vlivem armádního velení. Politické strany mohou působit, ale jejich vliv je omezen. Jisté limity má i svoboda tisku. Došlo k posílení soukromého sektoru, postavení státu je však stále výrazné a ekonomika je závislá na vývozu ropy a zemního...