Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Ego-pro“

Older women without children, like all older adults, evaluate their lives and face a conflict between despair and ego integrity as proposed by Erikson’s theory of development. Their uniqueness lies in their deviation from the societal norm of parenthood prevalent in pro-natalist societies such as Israel. This study aims to explore how older childless women evaluate their lives. Using a qualitative approach, 20 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with women over 60 years of age who do not have children. Three main themes emerged from the participants’ responses: their experiences as women without children in a pro-natalist society, the significance of freedom in their lives, and their life experiences from conflicting perspectives—an internal and external locus of control. The study’s findings demonstrate that older childless women adeptly utilize different perspectives across various aspects of their lives, contributing to ego integrity, contrary to the prevailing societal notion that in the absence of children, women are damaged and lack identity. It is conceivable that other segments of the older adult population, diverging from mainstream societal norms, may similarly leverage these different perspectives to uphold their ego.

Objectives This study aim to explore the mediating effect of early childhood teacher’s recognition of pro-fessionalism on the relationship between ego-resilience and job satisfaction. Methods The data were analyzed from 306 early childhood teachers in Daejeon, Sejong City, and South Chungcheong Province. Reliability analysis, technical statistics, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and me-diating effect analysis of each scale were conducted using the SPSS 21.0 and PROCESS Macro Model 4. Results Research results were as follows. First, the correlations between early childhood teacher’s ego-resil-ience, job satisfaction, and recognition of professionalism were significant. Second, the mediating effect of recog-nition of professionalism was significant in the relationship between ego-resilience and job satisfaction. Conclusions The results of this study empirically verified the mediating effect of recognition of professionalism on the effect of ego-resilience of early childhood teachers on job satisfaction, and provides useful implications for program development or intervention to improve job satisfaction of early childhood teachers.

Este artículo trata de mostrar cómo la fenomenología husserliana fue desplegando progresivamente el campo fenomenológico. Ese proceso llevó en las Investigaciones lógicas a aunar lo categorial y lo sensible. Más adelante, los análisis de la conciencia interna del tiempo llevaron tanto a abrir lo dado en la presencia a horizontes pro-re-tencionales, como a introducir la relación ego-alter ego y consciente-inconsciente en tanto que constitutivas de la trascendencia del objeto. De ese modo, el despliegue fenomenológico acabará despejando, en el marco genético de una intersubjetividad intermonádica, el mundo que, en un primer momento, la epojé había puesto entre paréntesis.

Abstract Objectives A recent publication stated that mind–body practices (MBPs) of meditation and yoga boost self-enhancement instead of quieting the ego, contrary to these practices’ traditional goals. Surveying practitioners directly after MBP classes or at other time points, the researchers found higher levels of self-esteem and communal narcissism after MBP and interpreted these as indicators of a boosted ego. However, their conceptualization was criticized, and empirical studies on other constructs representing a quiet ego, namely self-compassion and global identity, found that these characteristics were stronger in mind–body practitioners than in non-practitioners and fostered by MBP interventions. This study aimed to bring these research strands together. Methods Using a preregistered known-groups approach, 211 mind–body practitioners (yoga, meditation, or both) were compared with 190 non-practitioners recruited through a German online panel. The participants answered an online questionnaire assessing self-esteem, communal narcissism, self-compassion, and global identity. Moreover, they reported their pro-environmental behavior and climate policy support. Results There were no differences regarding self-esteem, and—as only one aspect of communal narcissism—a higher expectation among practitioners that they could positively influence the world. Moreover, they reported higher levels of self-compassion and global identity. MBP was indirectly related to stronger pro-environmental behavior and climate policy support through higher global identity, and partly through higher self-compassion. Conclusions MBPs might have the potential to contribute to a quiet ego rather than to self-enhancement. Moreover, they might motivate people to engage in societal challenges that go beyond mere self-interest and contribute to a sustainable future. Study Registration Aspredicted.org: #44032.

This study examined the relationships among task and ego orientation, expectations for success, and multidimensional state anxiety in a competitive sport situation. Subjects ( N = 107) enrolled in a tennis skills class were gender- and ability-matched and asked to play an eight game pro-set. One week prior to the match goal orientations were assessed. Immediately prior to competition multidimensional state anxiety and performance expectations were measured. Multiple regression analyses predicting multidimensional state anxiety revealed that somatic and cognitive state anxiety were only predicted by performance expectations. Also, lower ego orientation and positive match expectations were predictive of state self-confidence. Results are interpreted in light of goal perspective theory.

Cílem této studie je problematizovat otázku vztahu mezi emocemi a pamětí v ego-dokumentech. Ego-dokumenty (materiály osobní povahy), jako paměti, deníky, autobiografie, jsou tradičně vnímány jako žánry, jež umožňují dostat se přímo k emocím lidí v minulosti. Ovšem – co se děje s emocí mezi momentem zakoušení a momentem psaní? Studie se pokouší najít na tuto otázku odpověď, opírajíc se o nejnovější výzkumy kognitivní psychologie a neurovědy. Přináší přehled této vysoce disparátní oblasti bádání, z níž se zaměřuje především na oblast zábleskové paměti (flashbulb memory) a „fading affect bias“ (emoční zkreslení). Ve druhé části studie ukazuje, že pro dějiny emocí mohou být zvláště užitečné kognitivní teorie zhodnocení emocí, které popírají status emocí jakožto čistě fyzických vzruchů a uvažují o rekonstruktivní povaze vzpomínaných emocí. Přestože zkoumání vztahu paměti a emocí v psychologii a neurovědě se sotva shodlo na stejném výsledku, výzkumy ukázaly, že vzpomínané emoce nemohou být chápány jako „zrcadla duše“, upřímné a neměnné. Na druhé straně mohou být podobné výzkumy empirických věd pro dějiny emocí, zaměřující se primárně na stadium sociálních praktik, schémat a norem, inspirativní tím, že obrátí jejich pozornost na skutečné žité zkušenosti.

Studie se věnuje otázce poznávací hodnoty ego-dokumentu, jehož autorem je Lubomír Doležel, Život s literaturou. Vzpomínky a rozhovory (2013), vydaném jako šedesátý svazek v edici Paměť pražským nakladatelstvím Academia. Díky analýze textu dostáváme informace nezbytné pro vytvoření obrazu minulosti generace Čechů narozených před druhou světovou válkou, jako je duchovní atmosféra tohoto historického období, kterou nelze reprodukovat na základě jiných dokumentů. Pro naše účely se jednalo o náčrt reflexe části autobiografických závěrů Doležela, česko-kanadského lingvisty, teoretika literatury řazeného mezi zástupce třetí generace českého strukturalismu, generace spojené sdíleným prožitkem války a působící v podobném politicko-intelektuálním kontextu (dominance marxismu a strukturalismu). Jeho text je záznam jisté reality, záznamem a svědectvím viděných míst, potkaných osob, událostí, jichž byl svědkem, a zanecháním stopy po sobě a světě, ve kterém byl účastníkem.

This study developed an interpersonal care-based Orff music activity program for children from multicultural families in Republic of Korea. We measured its effects on ego-resilience, peer relationships, happiness, interpersonal care awareness, anxiety, and stress. The participants were 74 children from third to sixth grade attending 10 regional children’s centers in Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Republic of Korea. They were randomly assigned to 36 experimental groups and 38 control groups. The experimental program was developed based on investigations of human care theory, expressions of care, and Orff music activities. The experiment was conducted twice a week for five weeks in 45 min sessions. Data were collected from June to September 2020. We used questionnaires on ego-resilience, peer relationships, happiness, and interpersonal care awareness to measure the effects, which were analyzed through frequency and descriptive statistics. Anxiety, physiological anxiety, acculturation stress, and physiological stress were measured using Behavior Detection VibraImage System Version 8.1 PRO (VIBRASYSTEM Ltd., Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea). The homogeneity of the variables across groups was examined using the χ² test, t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. The effects were examined using repeated measures variance analysis and independent t-tests. The results showed that the program had significant effects on ego-resilience, peer relationships, happiness, interpersonal care awareness, physiological anxiety, and physiological stress. The findings suggest that interpersonal care nursing can be effective for children from multicultural families, and the program can be used for intervention to improve children’s mental health.

Increasing use of IP enabled smart gadgets, rapidly increasing the formation of cyber centric social networks. Any human discussion reflects its emotions and ego centric thoughts among the masses which results the formation of pro and anti-groups. Identification of various categories of groups and communities in social network is very important to eliminate the chances of human created crisis. This paper predicts the migration of individuals from one community to other community and the person who bridges the two communities. The prediction of social networks is carried out by mapping various epidemic models on human created social network. The centrality measurement detects the bridging element between two communities.

Based on the ‘Inclusion Model of Environmental Concern’, we tested whether daily messaging intervention increases participants’ pro-environmental behavior (PEB). In a two (time: pre vs. post, repeated measure) × three (condition: egoistic appeals, ecological appeals, control group) experimental design, two hundred and eighteen individuals received either daily messages containing egoistic appeals for action to prevent climate change (e.g., preventing personal consequences of released diseases in melting arctic ice), ecological appeals (e.g., ecological consequences of melting glaciers), or no messages (control). PEB was assessed via self-reports and donations to an environmental organization. Neither of the appeals had an effect on the two dependent measures. Irrespective of experimental conditions, self-reported PEB was higher in the post- compared with the pre-test. Overall, the present results do not provide support for the effectiveness of a daily messaging technique. Instead, it appears that ‘being observed’ is the more effective ‘intervention’. Implications for how to foster PEB are discussed.

Terdapat pro dan kontra dalam hal eksistensi Komisi Yudisial sebagai lembaga negara. Keberadaan Komisi Yudisial yang bertujuan untuk menstabilkan kekuasaan kehakiman dengan menghadirkan lembaga pengawasan dalam proses peradilan menimbulkan beberapa polemik kewenangan diantaranya perbedaan pandangan mengenai teknis yudisial. Adapun rumusan masalah penulisan ini yaitu sejauhmana sinergitas komisi yudisial dan Mahkamah Agung, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan serta yang disertai penulusar bahan hukum primer maupun sekunder. Kesimpulan tulisan penulis yaitu Pelaksanaan pengawasan hakim yang ideal dan harmonis dapat diwujudkan dengan melalui pengawasan ekstrenal dari Komisi Yudisial dan juga harus dilaksanakan secara internal (Mahkamah Agung). Langkah ini tentunya harus didukung dengan pembenahan dari kedua instansi tersebut (Mahkamah Agung dan Komisi Yudisial). Ego sektoral dari masing-masing lembaga perlu ditekan untuk mewujudkan tujuan pengawasan yang ideal. Mahkamah Agung wajib membuka diri untuk menemukan solusi bersama terkait mengenai pelanggaran kode etik dan perilaku hakim.

Antecedentes: La ciencia viene mostrando la importancia que el clima de los iguales parece tener en la comprensión de la motivación y la conducta de los deportistas.Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la capacidad predictiva del clima motivacional de los iguales, las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación intrínseca sobre la autoconfianza precompetitiva y la experiencia autotélica en deportistas de salvamento y socorrismo.Método: La muestra se compuso de un total de 142 deportistas, a los que se midió el clima motivacional de los iguales, las necesidades psicológicas básicas, la motivación intrínseca, la autoconfianza precompetitiva y la experiencia autotélica experimentada durante una competición.Resultados: Tras un análisis de regresión lineal, la autoconfianza y la experiencia autotélica fueron predichas positivamente por el clima tarea, las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación intrínseca, mientras el clima ego predijo de forma negativa.Conclusiones: Los resultados son discutidos en pro de una mejora de los climas de entrenamiento.Palabras clave: flow, clima motivacional, necesidades psicológicas, motivación autodeterminada, deporte.

‘This poem is the feeblest and least poetical of all the Heroides, and has certain solecisms in diction and metre, which are either spurious or show that the epistle is an unfinished and careless performance.’ So Arthur Palmer in the preface to his commentary on Heroides 8, Hermione's letter to Orestes imploring him to rescue her from Neoptolemus, her abductor; and Peter Knox fans the flames of doubt about the authenticity of the letter (or at least parts of it) in his analysis of lines 65-74, where Hermione locates herself alongside Leda, Hippodamia and Helen in a Tantalid tradition of rape-victims: num generis fato, quod nostros durat in annos,Tantalides mattes apta rapina sumus?non ego fluminei referam mendacia cygninee querar in plumis delituisse Iouem.qua duo porrectus longe freta distinet Isthmos,uecta peregrinis Hippodamia rotis;[Castori Amyclaeo et Amyclaeo Pollucireddita Mopsopia Taenaris urbe soror;]Taenaris Idaeo trans aequor ab hospite raptaArgolicas pro se uertit in arma manus.(Her. 8.65-74)

In questo contributo si intende evidenziare la rilevanza e l’importanza della Disputatio XI, De divina existentia et subsistentia, all’interno della produzione di Francisco Suárez. Il maestro spagnolo tratta in essa di questioni metafisiche fondamentali relative alla sussistenza e all’esistenza divina, facendo riferimento ai principali dogmi della fede cristiana, quali soprattutto i misteri della Santissima Trinità e dell’Incarnazione del Verbo. La sua pro-spettiva teoretica sul modo di concepire Dio e la sua interpretazione del nome divino Qui est (Ego sum Qui sum) lo colloca in un crocevia in cui si incontrano i massimi problemi della sacra doctrina e insieme le più radicali questioni metafisiche, così da permetterci di accosta-re il suo sistema di pensiero nel delicato rapporto tra teologia e filosofia. Le opzioni adottate dal teologo gesuita sono alla radice delle divergenze e lontananze rispetto ad altri sistemi, compreso quello di Tommaso d’Aquino. Anche in questo modo Francisco Suárez ha indub-biamente esercitato un grande ruolo nell’interpretazione e nella trasmissione di molti concetti metafisici nel periodo tra la tarda Scolastica e l’inizio della cosiddetta “filosofia modern

El presente artículo estudia, a partir de métodos y teorías de la semiótica, los contratos que los actores principales del filme Deseando amar, de Wong Kar-Wai, estipulan en pro de la identidad de sus cónyuges (personajes que mantienen entre sí una relación pasional clandestina). A partir del momento catastrófico, el objetivo de los acuerdos tiende a la comprensión del origen de la infidelidad; en otras palabras, los sujetos protagonistas emprenden un programa narrativo con un fin semiósico y, para ello, simulan ser y hacer como los sujetos infieles. El análisis figurativo, narrativo y axiológico, que surge del método de la Escuela Semiótica de París, da cuenta de cómo los objetivos de la relación contractual se logran más por sentir que por ser y hacer como los otros. De esta manera, se concluye, en primera instancia, que la interpretación identitaria del alter conlleva la comprensión identitaria del ego, y, en segundo lugar, que el ocultamiento de la infidelidad se configura como la salida a la sanción social negativa.

Background. Aiming at understanding what influences youth sports experiences, researchers emphasize the significance of the role of the family not only in the decision to get engaged in sports activities, but also in the inclination to continue the activities. The increasing emphasis is on parental involvement and the impact of positive and negative verbal behaviour influence on the psychosocial state of children engaged in sport. The aim of this article was a conceptual overview of the family role, as the most significant microenvironment, in children’s sports activities. Methods. Analysis and discussion of scientific literature. Results. Parental behaviour entails different reactions of children engaged in sports, but on the basis of self- determination and achievement goal theories, it can be argued that the behaviour of the family should encourage athletes’ mastery orientation, and consequently, a more pro-social conduct and moral reasoning can be expected. Conclusions. Systematic literature review showed that both theories are in favour of actions and strategy, with reference to parents’ encouragement to involve children in a task, while reducing their ego functioning. It can be concluded that parents perceive their behaviour differently from that of their children, so often parents’ positive reinforcement can have a negative impact on athletes’ psychosocial state, values, behaviour and goal-setting at present and in the future.

This paper deals with the way Philip Roth depicted writers in Czechoslovakia in the 1970s in his novella The Prague Orgy, the final part of the Zuckerman Bound tetralogy. Researchers often read The Prague Orgy in the context of the entire tetralogy and accentuate the contact with Jewish topics. The primary focus of the paper is how Roth views Czech writers and their lives through the eyes of his long-term hero (and fictional alter-ego) Nathan Zuckerman and how he perceives life in a totalitarian state. The Prague Orgy is discussed as a somewhat abstract story about the writer’s freedom and responsibility of their work. There are three types of writers in The Prague Orgy: The émigré (Sisovsky), the dissenter (Bolotka), and the pro-regime (Novak). Each of them, in an interview with Roth’s hero, formulates his attitude to the regime. Zuckerman is fascinated by the life of opposition artists, their experience of freedom (realized in the private sphere), and the social response to their work. Although the reality of life in Czechoslovakia under communism is not the main topic of the novella, the paper concludes that the depiction of life of Czech underground intellectuals interested mostly in sex is in consonance with the picture of Czech dissent in official regime propaganda.

Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is a poorly understood regulator of programmed cell death that involves leakage of luminal lysosomal or vacuolar hydrolases into the cytoplasm. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, LMP can be induced by antifungals and endoplasmic reticulum stressors when calcineurin also has been inactivated. A genome-wide screen revealed Pib2, a relative of LAPF/phafin1 that regulates LMP in mammals, as a pro-LMP protein in yeast. Pib2 associated with vacuolar and endosomal limiting membranes in unstressed cells in a manner that depended on its FYVE domain and on phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) biosynthesis. Genetic experiments suggest that Pib2 stimulates the activity of TORC1, a vacuole-associated protein kinase that is sensitive to rapamycin, in a pathway parallel to the Ragulator/EGO complex containing the GTPases Gtr1 and Gtr2. A hyperactivating mutation in the catalytic subunit of TORC1 restored LMP to the gtr1∆ and pib2∆ mutants and also prevented the synthetic lethality of the double mutants. These findings show novel roles of PI(3)P and Pib2 in the regulation of TORC1, which in turn promoted LMP and nonapoptotic death of stressed cells. Rapamycin prevented the death of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans during exposure to fluconazole plus a calcineurin inhibitor, suggesting that TORC1 broadly promotes sensitivity to fungistats in yeasts.

I. The name earned early notoriety from L. Ambivius Turpio, the actor who performed in all the plays of Terence. It appealed to Lucilius:quid tibi ego ambages Ambivi scribere coner?Also to Wilhelm Schulze, duly citing the Lucilian reference. In the sequel the nomen failed to enlist proper regard. Three persons bore it, diverse in life and rank: a tavern keeper on the Via Latina, a gourmet writer, a procurator governing Judaea. To the first and to the third, erudition in the recent time denies recognition; and the second through inadvertence misses his place and period. The Ambivii call for redemption. The venture will lead along circuitous or devious paths, ‘per ambages’, in the pursuit of names and identities. From that operation various instruction accrues on the flank.II. First, a casual notice in the criminal record of a family of the better sort at Larinum. Cluentius and his slaves, so it was alleged, had made an assault on ‘Ambivium quendam, coponem de via Latina’ (Pro Cluentio 163).Traditional texts remained content with that name. Not so long ago recourse to manuscripts produced ‘A. Bivium’. It was adopted in two standard editions. Had editors given a thought to nomenclature, they might have conceived some disquiet. Absent from the repertorium, the nomen appeared to lack attestation. In itself no bar, to be sure. The dense forest of local Italian nomenclature carries plenty of unique specimens. Reassurance could be sought from ‘Bivellius’ and ‘Bivonius’.

“The statesman’s task is to hear God’s footsteps marching through history, and to try and catch on to His coattails as He marches past” (Otto von Bismarck). Populist movements all across the globe somehow managed to catch it. Additionally, this happens in the most highly advanced and well established democracies of the world. What is even more intriguing is that the explanatory power of classical variables to account for this dynamics seems limited. On the other hand the role of emotions and the constructivist power of the mind by which they are created prove to be enormously insightful. Despite those observations there exists no systematic approach to the affective dimension. In contrast to investigations, that mainly focus on one single emotion, such as the politics of fear, here the interplay of the whole emotional game is regarded key to uncover the unseen, but felt reality underneath: The analysis reveals that the emotional negativity is mainly generated as a means to an end, namely to create at the same time a positive antidote and remedy. The strongest common denominator of this emotional logic is the technique of Altercasting, whereby the negativity is projected onto alter while what is positive is used to construct auto-affirmative identity-concepts of ego. This in turn led to the conclusion that self-esteem, which is hardly ever analyzed in these contexts, lies at the heart of the emotional constellation. Populist voters are therefore not primarily seen as opponents to democracy, but much more as seekers of a positive self-concept. Therefore the democratic system´s diminuition could be understood as a collateral damage to something much deeper seated in the human psyche. The case study chosen here is the PiS party´s election victory in 2016, which, on the abstract level of rhetorical meta-frames, is regarded as a pars pro toto for what is observed globally.

Brouwer Albert Moortgat begon als een uitgesproken katholiek flamingant maar nam geen leidende rol op zich in de Vlaamse beweging. Hij werd wel burgemeester van de gemeente Breendonk vanaf 1921 en een succesvol bedrijfsleider. Naargelang de jaren vorderden, verliet hij de christendemocratie en werd lid van het VNV, een partij met een anti-Belgisch en extreemrechts programma. Deze partij leunde aan bij Duitsland en zij collaboreerde met de bezetter na de invasie in mei 1940. Moortgat behield zijn positie als burgemeester. Na de bevrijding in september 1944 kwam Moortgat in de gevangenis terecht. Hij was daarbij het slachtoffer van het feit dat de Duitsers een belangrijke gevangenis vestigden op het grondgebied van zijn gemeente. Deze gevangenis verwierf een gruwelijke reputatie. Anderzijds toonden verscheidene van zijn kinderen zich ostentatief Duitsgezind. Hij werd daardoor beschouwd als een steunpilaar van de bezetter. Zijn proces en veroordeling in 1946 brachten hem een zware morele klap toe. Dit motiveerde Moortgat tot het schrijven van notities over zijn gevangenisleven in drie schriftjes. Deze teksten zijn een interessante getuigenis en een zelfrechtvaardiging. Egodocumenten van dit type zijn van groot belang voor het begrijpen van de toestand waarin de maatschappelijke elite van de bezettingsjaren werd gebracht door de Duitse nederlaag en de machtsovername door het progeallieerde kamp in België.________"But admitting guilt, hell no!" Impressions from a prison cell by Albert Moortgat, mayor of BreendonkThe brewer Albert Moortgat started off as a convinced Catholic Flemish radical, but did not take on a leading role in the Flemish movement. He did become mayor of the municipality of Breendonk from 1921 onwards as well as a successful manager. Over the course of time he left the Christian Democrats and became a member of the VNV (Flemish National Association), a party with an anti-Belgian and extreme-right programme. This party supported Germany and collaborated with the occupiers after the invasion in May 1940. Moortgat retained his position as mayor. After the liberation in September 1944 Moortgat was incarcerated. It was his bad luck that the Germans established an important prison on the territory of his municipality. This prison acquired a gruesome reputation. On the other hand several of his children showed themselves to be ostentatiously pro-German. Because of this he was considered to be a mainstay of the occupiers. His trial and conviction in 1946 inflicted a heavy moral blow upon him. This was Moortgat’s motivation to write notes about his life in prison in three notebooks. These texts are an interesting testimony and a self justification. These kinds of ego-documents are of great importance to help us understand the change in the state of mind of the people who had been the social elite during the years of the occupation, brought about by the German defeat and the assumption of power by the pro-Allied camp in Belgium.

The study of violations of the binding of corticosteroids to blood plasma proteins in acute radia-tion syndrome allows us to clarify the mechanisms and patterns of pathological changes in the hormonal level of the body in the pathogenesis of acute radiation sickness. The relevance of the study is determined by the current risks of new man-made disasters and the threat to radiation safety. The results of the study make it possible to expand a number of theoretical positions of radiobiology on the main regularities of the binding of corticosteroids to blood plasma proteins, taking into account its various fractions, which make it possible to determine the role of free corticoids in the hormonal effect in acute radiation sickness. The purpose of this work is to study the main patterns of binding of corticosteroids to blood plasma proteins in the pathogenesis of acute radiation sickness in animals. The experiments were carried out on 20 male rabbits and 475 outbred rats. Previously experimental animals were adapted to the conditions of the experiment. The total gamma-irradiation of animals was carried out on the EGO-2 unit at an average dose rate of 575 R/min. Rabbits were irradiated at a dose of 8 Gy, rats at a dose of 8,5 Gy. The total content of 11-OCS was determined by the fluorimetric method in the author's modification. The amount of free corticosteroids was determined by the difference in their content in whole plasma and in its pro-tein fraction after separation on Sephadex G-25. Results have been obtained demonstrating changes in the fractional composition of 11-OCS in blood plasma in the pathogenesis of acute radiation sickness in animals with mono- and biphasic curves of adrenocortical response to irra-diation. Disturbances in the binding of corticosteroids to blood plasma proteins were found, resulting in an increase in free, biologically active hormones in the midst of radiation sickness. The presence in the blood plasma of non-protein-bound and therefore more mobile steroids can cause a hypercorticoid state with normal or even reduced levels of hormones in the blood. The long-term effect of "hidden" hypercortisolism, therefore, may be a factor that aggravates the clinical course of acute radiation sickness.

The article delves into the exploration of the development of the theme of creativity and the por-trayal of the author-artist in the story titled "Blue Snows" by the Nogai writer, Isa Kapaev. It recog-nizes that the writer's creative search is conducted through the lens of the postmodernist concept, drawing from the experiences of conceptualization of this theme in global, Russian, and national literature. Within the body of the author's works, this theme serves as a recurring motif, with the im-age of the artist embodying one of its central aspects. The article showcases this thesis by referenc-ing I. Kapaev's works, which reflect the profound drama encompassing the personal and creative consciousness of the protagonist named Karamov – an alter ego of the writer himself. The destiny of the artist Aidar Karamov, the protagonist in the story "Blue Snows," inter-twines with the life stories of other Karamovs, individuals within the realm of art and the heroes present in I. Kapaev's works during the twilight of the Soviet era as well as the transitional decades between the 20th and 21st centuries. The author's conceptual vision and the means through which it is executed in the story are in-terpreted within the framework of postmodernist aesthetics and poetics, utilizing hermeneutic, se-miotic, and typological approaches. Emphasis is placed on how the evolution and rebirth of the pro-tagonist's consciousness, as described by the author, lend themselves to a profound contemplation of the contemporary challenges faced by art: the quest for the ideal, the significance of maintaining a connection with the cultural soil from which true inspiration springs. Furthermore, the article explores the theme of reverence towards art, the nurturing attitude towards talents, the unwavering dedication to one's calling, and the resistance against the tempta-tions of prioritizing material wealth over the attainment of the ideal through the creative process. As the foundation for analysis, the article draws upon the text of the aforementioned story under scrutiny, as well as other works by I. Kapayev composed in their original language. Transla-tions into Russian were employed as a reference for quotations..

The article analyzes the events of participation of Ukrainian lovers of Ekaterislav region in the process of restoring national identity, related to overcoming amnesia of historical memory in the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution of 1917–1921. Formulation problem. Chronological framework of the study March 1917 – end of January 1919 due to That it was during this period that various forms of Ukrainian statehood (Central Rada, Hetmanate, Directory) operated in Katerynoslav with a short break due to the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks (January 1918 – March 1918). The aim of research to this era was the most favorable for the restoration of historical memory, which influenced the development of the national identity of the inhabitants of the industrial Russified Katerynoslav, who had Cossack Ukrainian roots. Conscious Ukrainianness of Katerynoslav played an important role in the processes of revival of the Ukrainian nation in Katerynoslav. The main results. The article notes that the decisions of the Ukrainian National Congress of Katerynoslav in 1917 had a significant impact on the processes of national revival in Ekaterinoslav during 1917–1919; organization of Free Cossack detachments and their participation in repelling Bolshevik aggression in December 1917 – early 1918. During the Hetmanate, the Council of the Union of Democrat Farmers in Katerynoslav, headed by Dmytro. In 1919 The Council of Ukrainian Teachers in Katerynoslav not only initiated the renaming of Katerynoslav, but also called on representatives of other Ukrainian cities to get rid of Russian imperial markers. During 1917–1919, the conscious Ukrainianness of Katerynoslav played an important role in the revival of Ukrainian national identity in the Katerynoslav region, which had important practical results in defending the region from Russian occupiers. D. Yavornytsky, V. Bidnov, M. Omelyanovych-Pavlenko, Agapit, and the Sparrow Brothers played an important role in these processes. The author uses the methodology of microhistory and biography, a regional approach, associated with little-known episodes of the life of D. I. Yavornytsky. Concise conclusions and practical meaning. The influence of the Ekaterinoslav pro-Ukrainian intelligentsia on the processes of restoration of Ukrainian national identity and historical memory during the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921 has been established. The author interprets little-known sources and introduces into scientific circulation new documents that reveal little-known episodes of D. Yavonytsky's activity during the Hetmanate. The study is based on a variety of sources of different origins documents : normative documents, ego-sources and materials of the press. Ekaterinoslavshchina. Scientific novelty and originality. The author highlights the events of the Ukrainian Revolution, which are not well known enough for the life of Ukrainian-loving Katerynoslav. Some sources are introduced for the first time with analytical author's interpretation. Scientific novelty and main results are the introduction into scientific circulation of unknown or insufficiently known documents, analysis and interpretation of documents insufficiently processed by researchers. The type of article: research article.

A comparative analysis of the Melnikovites and Banderaites in the service of the Third Reich and their pro-American followers in modern Ukraine, who are related by a single ideology radical Ukrainian nationalism and its anti-Russian orientation.

This article presents a consideration of the problem of discourse representation of pedagogic dialogue in teacher-learner interactions. The functional parameters inherent in the pedagogical process condition an understanding of pedagogic dialogue as a personality-centered type of communication based on the principles of value oriented treatment, alterocentrism, personal inclusion, metaposition of the teacher, personal authenticity and thereby distinguished from the liberal and democratic paradigm. As a special challenge for this study there has been elaborated a scheme of dialogic discourse specified in corresponding discourse patterns, markers and speech acts. The focus is made on those discourse elements featuring the principles of pedagogic dialogue. In the course of inclusive observation conducted on the basis of this scheme there were determined three basic communication styles featuring different levels of communicative disposition: dialogic, semi-dialogic and monologic. The statistics reveal comparatively low percentage of young teachers possessing dialogic dispositions and strategies in pedagogic communication which calls for certain alterations in the system of teacher training as well as personality development of future educators. References Балл Г. А. Современный гуманизм и его диалогические универсалии / Г. А. Балл //Гуманітарні науки. – 2001. - № 2. – С. 4–10.Ball, G. (2001). Sovremennyi gumanism i ego dialogicheskiye universaliyi [Modernhumanism and its dialogic universal statements]. Gumanitarni Nauky, 2, 4–10. Бахтин М. М. Эстетика словесного творчества / М. М. Бахтин. – М.: Искусство, 1979.Bakhtin, M. M. (1979). Estetika Slovesnogo Tvorchestva [Aesthetics of Verbal Art].Moscow: Iskusstvo. Бубер М. Диалог // М. Бубер. Два образа веры. – М.: Республика, 1995. – С.158-232.Buber, M. (1995). Dialog. Dva obraza very. [Dialogue. Two images of faith]. Moscow:Respublika. Бирюкова Г. М. Специфика диалогических отношений в образовательном процессе[Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://anthropology.ru/ru/ texts/biryukova/educdial_33.htmlBiriukova, G. Spetsifika dialogicheskih otnoshenij v obrazovatelnom protsesse. Retrievedfrom: http://anthropology.ru/ru/texts/biryukova/educdial_33.html Володько Н. В. Диалогическое общение как фактор преодоления дезадаптации ребенка кшколе: дисс….канд. псих. наук: 19.00.07 / Володько Наталия Валерьевна. – Н. Новгород,1999.Volodko, N. V. (1999). Dialogicheskoye obshcheniye kak factor preodoleniya dezadaptatsiirebionka k shkole [Dialogic communication as a factor of overcoming children'sdisadaptation to school]. NizhniyNovgorod. Каминская М. В. Методика экспертной оценки диалогического взаимодействия учителя иученика на уроке развивающего образования / М. В. Каминская. – М.: Изд-во “Про-Пресс”,2004.Kaminskaya, M. (2004). Metodika ekspertnoi otsenki dialogicheskogo vzaimodeistviyauchitelia i uchenika na uroke razvivayushchego obrazovaniya [Methodology of expertevaluation of dialogic teacher-learner interaction at a lesson of developmental education].Moscow: Pro-Press. Лабунская Н. А. Студент в диалоге с преподавателем [Электронный ресурс] /Н. А. Лабунская. – Режим доступа:http://anthropology.ru/ru/texts/labunsk/educdial_44.html Labunskaya, N. A. Student v dialoge s prepodavatelem. Retrieved from:http://anthropology.ru/ru/texts/labunsk/educdial_44.html Павлова Н.П. Интерактивный аспект дискурса: подходы к исследованию /Н. П. Павлова // Психологический журнал. – 2005. – Том 26. – №4. – С. 66 – 76.Pavlova, N. P. (2005). Interaknivnyi aspekt diskursa: podhody k issledovaniyu [Interactiveaspect of discourse: approaches to investigation], Psihologicheskiy zhurnal, 2005. Ушакова В. В. Педагогические условия формирования обобщенных конструктивныхумений у будущих педагогов профессионального обучения: дисс. … канд. пед. наук:13.00.08 / Ушакова Вероника Валерьевна. – Челябинск, 2003. – 248 с.Ushakova, V. V. (2003). Pedagogicheskiye usloviya [Pedagogic conditions of formation ofcomprehensive constructive abilities in future pedagogues of professional education].Cheliabinsk. Burbules, N. C. (2001). Theory and research on teaching as dialogue. Handbook ofResearch on Teaching, 4th Edition., Virginia Richardson, Ed. Washington, D. C:American Educational Research Association. 1102-1121. Sinclair, J.McH. and Coulthard, R.M. (1975). Towards an Analysis of Discourse. In: TheEnglish Used by Teachers and Pupils. (pp. 19-60). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ключові слова: Російська імперія, українські губернії, законодавство, органи місцевого самоврядування, різнопрофільні сільськогосподарські школи, чоловіча та жіноча освіта, виставки, з’їзди. Анотація На основі широкого кола історичних джерел з використанням методів історико-архівного аналізу, синтезу та аналізу висвітлено роль уряду, громадськості, органів місцевого самоврядування та меценатів у процесі формування мережі різнопрофільних сільськогосподарських закладів освіти в період модернізації українських губерній у межах Російської імперії в другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Аналіз історіографічної спадщини засвідчує, що наявні праці не в повній мірі розкривають основні аспекти обраної для дослідження проблеми. За результатами проведеного дослідження з’ясовано, які основні чинники впливали на темпи формування мережі сільськогосподарських освітніх закладів для чоловіків та жінок, еволюцію законодавчої бази з даного питання, оцінки громадськості щодо якості та значення знань з підвищення продуктивності тогочасного сільськогосподарського виробництва. Показано роль з’їздів та виставок у поширенні досягнень аграрної сфери серед виробників сільськогосподарської продукції. Приділено увагу маловідомим аспектам обраної теми, які потребують подальшої наукової розробки. Посилання Beketov, 1898 – Beketov V.A. Nizshie selskohozyaystvennyie shkolyi i potrebnosti krestyanskogo chastnovladelcheskogo hozyaystva [Lower agricultural schools and the needs of a private peasant economy]. Vornezh, 1898. 120 s. [in Russian] Bessmertnaya, 2015 – Bessmertnaya L.A. Uchebno-vospitatelnaya rabota v nizshih zhenskih selskohozyaystvennyih shkolah Rossii kontsa ХІХ – nachala ХХ veka [Teaching and educational work in the lower women's agricultural schools in Russia at the end of the ХІХ – beginning of the ХХ century] // Uchenyie zapiski. Elektronnyiy nauchnyiy zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2015. № 1 (33). URL: http://scientific-notes.ru/#new-number?id=38 [in Russian] Volos, 2003 – Volos O.V. Silskohospodarska prosvitnytska diialnist zemstv Khersonshchyny (kinets ХІХ – pochatok ХХ st.) [Silskogospodarska Educational Activity of the Zemstvos of Kherson Oblast (3rd century - ХІХ century - ear of the ХХ century)] // Derzhavna etnonatsionalna polityka: pravovyi ta kulturolohichnyi aspekty v umovakh Pivdnia Ukrainy: zbirnyk naukovykh prats V Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii, Zaporizhzhia, 2 – 3 zhovtnia 2003 r. Simferopol, 2003. S. 155-158. [in Ukrainian] Voron, 2015 – Voron V.P. Razvitie vneshkolnogo selskohozyaystvennogo prosvescheniya na territorii Ukrainyi vo vtoroy polovine ХІХ – nachale ХХ st. [Development of out-of-school agricultural education on the territory of Ukraine in the second half of the ХІХ - early ХХ century] Izvestiya Gomelskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni F. Skorinyi, 2015. № 4. URL: https://vesti.gsu.by/2015/vesti_gsu_2015_4.pdf [in Russian] Geyduk, 1891 – Geyduk F.I. Nashi nizshie selsko-hozyaystvennyie shkolyi [Our lower agricultural schools]. Odessa, 1891. 88 s. [in Russian] Esikova, 2010 – Esikova M. Selskohozyaystvennoe obrazovanie v Rossii (vtoraya polovina ХІХ v. – 1917 g.) [Agricultural education in Russia (second half of the ХІХ century - 1917)] // Vlast. № 7. S. 150-154. [in Russian] Zemskiy sbornik, 1902 a – Zemskiy sbornik Chernigovskoy gubernii. Dekabr. № 12 [Zemsky collection of the Chernigov province. December. № 12]. Chernigov: Tip. Gubernskogo zemstva, 1902. 256 s. [in Russian] Zemskiy sbornik, 1902 b – Zemskiy sbornik Chernigovskoy gubernii. Oktyabr. № 10 [Zemsky collection of the Chernigov province. October. № 10]. Chernigov: Tip. Gubernskogo zemstva, 1902. 256 s. [in Russian] Kovalenko, 2014 – Kovalenko N.P. Silskohospodarski zꞌizdy ta yikhnia rol u poshyrenni znan pro sivozminy v zemlerobstvi Ukrainy (druha polovyna XIX – pochatok XX stolittia) [Silskogospodarskі zꞌїzdi and їхnya role in the expanded knowledge about the present in the farming of Ukraine (the other half of the ХІХ is the ear of the XX century)]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Kyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu im. T.Shevchenka. Kyiv, 2014. Vyp. 42: Etnichna istoriia narodiv Yevropy. S. 106-112. [in Ukrainian] Kostiuk, 2005 – Kostiuk M.V. Z istorii stanovlennia nyzhchoi silskohospodarskoi osvity na Cherkashchyni [From the history of the formation of the lower social and cultural education in Cherkasy] // Chasopys ukrainskoi istorii. K., 2005. Vyp. 2. S. 32-35. [in Ukrainian] Makarets, 2010 – Makarets S.V. Tekhnolohiia vyroshchuvannia zernovykh kultur u kozatsko-selianskykh hospodarstva Poltavshchyny na rubezhi XIX – XX st. [Makarets The technology of grain crops viroshuvannya at the Cossack-rural government of the Poltava region at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries] // Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakultetu natsionalnoho universytetu. 2010. Vyp. 28. S. 98-101. [in Ukrainian] Moskalskiy, 1881 – Moskalskiy N. Selskohozyaystvennyie uchebnyie zavedeniya vedomstva Ministerstva gosudarstvennyih imuschestv [Agricultural educational institutions of the Ministry of State Property]. // Srednie selskohozyaystvennyie zavedeniya. SPb., 1881. Vyip. II. 88 s. [in Russian] Moskalskiy, 1893 – Moskalskiy N.P. Selskohozyaystvennoe obrazovanie [Agricultural education] // Selskoe i lesnoe hazyaystvo Rossii. SPb., 1893. S. 363-390 [in Russian] Nebolskiy, 1884 – Nebolskiy A.G. Istoriko-statisticheskiy ocherk obschego i spetsialnogo obrazovaniya v Rossii [Historical and statistical sketch of general and special education in Russia]. – SPb., 1884. 257 s. [in Russian] Nyzhnyk, 2019 – Nyzhnyk S. Umanske uchylyshche sadivnytstva i zemlerobstva v istorii vitchyznianoi osvity: do 175-richchia zasnuvannia umanskoho natsionalnoho universytetu sadivnytstva [Umansk school of gardening and farming in the history of modern education: until the 175th day of falling asleep at the Uman national university of gardening] // Umanska starovyna. Uman, 2019. Vyp. 6. URL: http://usj.udpu.edu.ua/article/view/186719 [in Ukrainian] Normalnoe Polozhenie, 1883 – Normalnoe Polozhenie o nizshih selskohozyaystvennyih shkolah. Vyisochayshe utverzhdennoe 27 dekabrya 1883 g. [Normal Statute for Lower Agricultural Schools. Highest approved on December 27, 1883] // PSZRI. Sobranie trete. T. 3. 1883. SPb., 1886. 1018 s. [in Russian] O dopuschenii lits, 1913 – O dopuschenii lits zhenskogo pola k sluzhbe po uchebno-vospitatelnoy chasti v selskohozyaystvennyih uchebnyih zavedeniyah. Vyisochayshe utverzhdennyiy odobrennyiy Gosudarstvennyim sovetom i Gosudarstvennoy dumoy zakon 30 iyunya 1913 g. [On the admission of females to the educational service in agricultural educational institutions. The highest approved law approved by the State Council and the State Duma on June 30, 1913] // PSZRI. Sobranie trete. T. 33. Ch.1. SPb., 1913. 1561 s. [in Russian] Obzor, 1898 – Obzor deyatelnosti Ministerstva Zemledeliya i Gosudarstvennyih Imuschestv za 4-y god ego suschestvovaniya (30 marta 1897g. – 30 marta 1898 g.) [Review of the activities of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property for the 4th year of its existence (March 30, 1897 - March 30, 1898)]. SPb., 1898. 300 s. [in Russian] Polozhenie, 1895 – Polozhenie o selskohozyaystvennoy i promyishlennoy vyistavke, ustraivaemoy Kievskim obschestvom selskogo hozyaystva i selskohozyaystvennoy promyishlennosti v Kieve v 1898 [Regulations on the agricultural and industrial exhibition organized by the Kiev Society of Agriculture and Agricultural Industry in Kiev in 1898]. g. Kiev, 1895. 8 s. [in Russian] Polozhenie, 1900 – Polozhenie o selskohozyaystvennyih remeslennyih uchebnyih masterskih. Vyisochayshe utverzhdennoe 10 marta 1897 g. [Regulation on agricultural craft training workshops. Highest approved on March 10, 1897] // PSZRI. Sobranie trete. T. XVII. 1897. SPb., 1900. 1562 s. [in Russian] Polozhenie, 1904 – Polozhenie o selskohozyaystvennom obrazovanii. Vyisochayshe utverzhdennoe 26 maya 1904 goda [Regulation on agricultural education. Highest approved on May 26, 1904]. // PSZRI. Sobranie trete. T. XXIV, 1904. SPb., 1907. 1257 s. [in Russian] Pravila, 1898 – Pravila dlya uchenits i slushatelnits Zozulinskoy zhenskoy prakticheskoy shkolyi [Rules for pupils and students of the Zozulinskaya women's practical school] // Sbornik svedeniy po selskohozyaystvennomu obrazovaniyu. Vyip. 1. Zhenskoe obrazovanie. SPb., 1898. S. 179-188. [in Russian] Sbornik, 1900 – Sbornik svedeniy po selskohozyaystvennomu obrazovaniyu [Collection of information on agricultural education]. Vyip. IV. Selskohozyaystvennyie uchebnyie zavedeniya po svedeniyam k 1 yanvarya 1898 goda. SPb., 1900. 195 s. [in Russian] Sbornik, 1910 – Sbornik svedeniy po selskohozyaystvennomu obrazovaniyu [Collection of information on agricultural education]. Selskohozyaystvennyie uchebnyie zavedeniya v 1910 godu. SPb. Vyip. XVI, 1910. 188 s. [in Russian] Sorokina, 2019 – Sorokina T.A. Stanovlenie seti nizshih selskohozyaystvennyih shkol v Kurskoy gubernii v kontse ХІХ – nachale ХХ veka [Formation of a network of lower agricultural schools in the Kursk province in the late ХІХ - early ХХ centuries] // Uchenyie zapiski. Elektronnyiy nauchnyiy zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2019. № 2 (50). T. 1. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stanovlenie-seti-nizshihselskohozyaystvennyh-shkol-v-kurskoy-gubernii-v-kontse-xix-nachale-xx-veka/viewer [in Russian] Terletska, 2013 – Terletska U.I. Poshyrennia silskohospodarskykh znan za dopomohoiu chytan i besid u Chernihivskii hubernii naprykintsi ХІХ – na pochatku ХХ stolittia [Expansion of the Silk-dweller's knowledge for additional reading and conversation in the Chernigiv province for example in the XIX - on the ear of the XX century] // Visnyk Chernihivskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu, 2013. Vyp. 110. Pedahohichni nauky. S. 102-104. [in Ukrainian] Tretyakov, 2017 – Tretyakov A.V. Obrazovatelnoe selskohozyaystvennoe zakonodatelstvo poreformennoy Rossii – rezultat reform 60 – 70-h godov ХІХ v. [The educational agricultural legislation of post-reform Russia is the result of the reforms of the 60s - 70s of the ХІХ century] // Bereginya. 777. Sova: obschestvo, politika, ekonomika. № 4 (35). S. 18-26. [in Russian] Trudyi, 1879 – Trudyi komissii po sostavleniyu proekta (Polozheniya o Nizshih selskohozyaystvennyih shkolah) [Proceedings of the Drafting Commission (Provisions on Lower Agricultural Schools]. SPb, 1879. 160 s. [in Russian]

CREATING CONSPIRACY BELIEFS: How Our Thoughts Are Shaped by Dolores Albarracín et al. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 308 pages. Paperback; $39.99. ISBN: 9781108965026. *Conspiracy thinking is a prominent topic of discussion in American life today--and Christians, with their concern for truth, should not only be informed about, but contributing to, this discussion. This includes awareness of how scholars in the neuro-psychological and social sciences are contributing to our understanding of the nature of conspiracy thinking. *This book investigates the causes of conspiracy thinking in the United States. Its authors draw their findings from existing social scientific literature on conspiracism, general social psychology research, and six empirical statistical studies conducted during the last two years of the Trump presidency (2019-2021): three cross-sectional online surveys, a longitudinal phone panel survey on "deep state" conspiracy claims, a "manipulation" of fear experiment on the alleged relationship between the COVID-19 virus and 5G technology, and a social media study of Twitter hashtags and "fear words." *This book shares many similarities with previous academic works on conspiracy thinking--for example, Hofstadter (1965), Pipes (1997), Robins and Post (1997), Sunstein and Vermeule (2008), Barkun (2013), and Uscinski and Parent (2014)--but distinguishes itself by relying extensively on recent polling data and statistics instead of interviews, case studies, newspaper op-eds, or conspiracist media. Indeed, the authors consciously dispute psychological works that scrutinize the personality traits and life experiences of conspiracy believers, and political science works that link conspiracy fears to power asymmetries. Such approaches, they contend, insufficiently explain the process through which conspiracy beliefs are spread. They argue, instead, that psychological and political factors are themselves shaped by a mixture of personal, media, and social media contacts. *Their central aim is thus to examine how patterns of media consumption shape conspiracy beliefs, habits that are themselves affected by one's pre-existing feelings of anxiety, which is herein defined as a nonspecific "perception of threat [that] depends on relatively stable psychological motivations of belief defense [the desire to maintain a coherent set of beliefs], belief accuracy [the desire to maintain a realistic view of the world], and social integration [the desire for trust, status, and acceptance within a group], as well as sociopolitical factors and situational factors like communications and media exposure" (p. 163). *When these needs are not met, anxiety rises. But whereas desire for belief accuracy produces, on its own, an increase in critical discernment--and hence a decrease in false conspiracy beliefs--the combination of pre-existing anxiety (e.g., feelings of ostracism) with shared conspiracy narratives increases one's predisposition to believe conspiracy claims. When one's need for closure and community trumps their need for belief accuracy, new information will be interpreted in ways that justify their emotional state and existing beliefs. The emotional turmoil and social discomfort of anxious individuals make them more prone to accept conspiracist interpretations for troubling situations, drawing them into an alternative "media ecosystem." *Assent to conspiracy claims occurs when anxiety is assuaged by theories that offer plausible and unfalsifiable "proofs" of "hidden hand" driving events. Plausibility is achieved when a theory offers the believer historic similarity (similar plots occurred in the past), psychological similarity (the enemy's alleged motive is conceivable), and normative plausibility (other members of one's community share the same belief). The unfalsifiable nature of conspiracy claims lies in their assertion that proofs of a nefarious plot have been hidden or destroyed by the conspirators; such claims dovetail with the believer's existing distrust of authoritative sources of information. The repetition of conspiracist messages by like-minded others (friends, social networks, etc.), and by popular media (e.g., Fox News) reinforces these beliefs. The believer's wounded ego can further elicit schizotypy, paranoia, and narcissism, which serve as means of self-defence against debunkers and skeptics. *The influence of various media is proportional to time spent with, and trust placed in, these sources of information, along with the consumer's prior levels of neuroticism, suspiciousness, and impulsivity. Online media have an additional influence via their use of bots, individually tailored algorithms, and various forms of "information laundering" in reply threads and chatrooms. Heavy media consumption aligns the consumer's view of the world with the one shown in their preferred media. *The prime contribution of this book is its postulation that anxiety precedes conspiracy thinking (rather than the inverse), a psychological explanation for conspiracy belief that does not lead its authors to conclude, as others have, that conspiracism is inherently a form of neurosis. However, its heavy use of statistics, jargon, and unduly complicated flowcharts renders the text onerous, especially for those without statistical training. Given that this is meant to be the book's most 'important new input into the literature, it is also its greatest weakness. *Despite the great efforts made by its authors to produce a detailed empirical study of the effects of media on conspiracy beliefs, the book's conclusions are somewhat underwhelming as they echo the findings of many previous studies and offer few new insights into the topic. For instance, their claim that social interaction is the "proverbial elephant in the room" (pp. xiii, 205) is hardly convincing. The media consumption habits of conspiracy believers are a recurring theme throughout the literature, and none make the claim that conspiracy beliefs develop in an information vacuum. The book's conclusion that anxiety serves as an "intervening mechanism" (p. 87) between conspiracy claims and a person's needs for closure and social integration in not particularly revelatory either. That humans are social animals is an argument as old as Aristotle, and that conspiracy myths help insecure individuals improve their sense of social cohesion is at least as old as Karl Popper's "conspiracy theory of society."1 *The book's statistical data also exhibits several flaws, leading its authors to wrongly conclude, as Hofstadter did in 1965, that the phenomenon of conspiracy thinking is essentially a product of conservative angst2--a claim that has been powerfully disproven by many of Hofstadter's critics. This may be due to the timeframe of the authors' research studies, which were conducted mostly during and after President Trump's first impeachment trial (in 2019-2020), which elicited a massive conservative media backlash. It could also be due to their failure to examine long-term patterns of conspiracy chatter, which would have shown (see Uscinski and Parent, 2014) that conspiracy ideation ebbs and flows along political lines over longer periods of time. Their data also contains some unrepresentative samples, namely, the overrepresentation of low-wage earners, the unemployed, and the highly educated, and the underrepresentation of working-class high school graduates and Hispanics (pp. 243-44). *One could surmise that such flaws are due to an extraordinary historical context (the Trump presidency and COVID-19 restrictions), but they are also likely attributable to the implicit political biases of current social psychological research, which, as Duarte et al. demonstrated,3 is strongly skewed to the political left. This is made evident in the authors' clearly stated opinion that conservative media is the primary cause of conspiracy beliefs and related violence (pp. 224, 169-70) from which its audience--akin to cultists and terrorists--should be deprogrammed with "corrective alternatives" and ridicule (p. 215). This seems to contradict their 'primary claim that anxiety is the underlying cause (and not the product) of conspiracy beliefs, which should presumably be allayed with kinder methods than these. By identifying conspiracy theories as both a product of right-wing media and, simultaneously, as a "type of misinformation" (p. 11), the authors leave themselves open to the charge of circular reasoning. Indeed, their political bias is shown in their frequent use of contested progressive concepts and phrases such as "racialized," "Latinx," "pro-social behavior to reduce [one's] carbon footprint," and by 'connecting peaceable conservative media such as Focus on the Family to the use of gun violence by Edgar Maddison Welch in a Washington pizzeria (p. 219). *The small number of conspiracy theories on which the authors based their surveys is another example of skewed sampling. Most of these represent themes that cause far more anxiety to conservatives than liberals (for example, the "deep state," COVID-19 restrictions, illegal immigration, President Obama's birth certificate), while little attention is given to conspiracy theories that traditionally appeal to the political left (for 'example, JFK, 9/11, GMOs, "BigPharma," CIA malfeasance, Hurricane Katrina) or to progressives' fears about policing, systemic racism, abortion rights, or gender identity, making it all the more likely that their research subjects who displayed conspiracist thinking stood on the right side of the political fence. *Finally, the book spends too much time discussing tangentially pertinent psychological research (for example, the influence of music on pain and imitative suicide) and too little detailing the content and origins of the few conspiracy theories their research is based on (with the exception of the 2016 "Pizzagate" panic). This makes the book difficult for the layperson to follow, when it is compared to academic works such as those of Barkun4 or Uscinski and Parent,5 which are accessible to a nonspecialized audience. Few details are given, for instance, of the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, which are mentioned frequently but never in detail as an example of a genuine government conspiracy (rather than a significant but nonsinister breach of medical ethics). In the end, the book complements the rest of the literature but falls short of providing significant new insights, and is unlikely to elicit interest among laypersons, especially those who hold conspiracy beliefs. * Notes *1Karl R. Popper, Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963). *2Richard Hofstadter, The Paranoid Style in American Politics, And Other Essays (New York: Knopf, 1965). *3José L. Duarte et al., "Political Diversity Will Improve Social Psychological Science," Behavioral and Brain Sciences 38 (2015): e130, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X14000430. *4Michael Barkun, A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2013). *5Joseph E. Uscinski and Joseph M. Parent, American Conspiracy Theories (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014). *Reviewed by Michel Jacques Gagné, Champlain College, St. Lambert, QC J4P 3P2. Michel is a historian and author of Thinking Critically about the Kennedy Assassination: Debunking the Myths and Conspiracy Theories (Routledge, 2022).

AbstractSelf-transcendence and the associated decrease in ego-centeredness are understood to foster altruistic and positive behaviors that promote prosociality and pro-environmental actions. However, the lack of an agreed valid and reliable measure of self-transcendence has posed difficulties in examining this subject. The main aim of this study was to use the recently developed Ontological Addiction Scale (OAS), which assesses dysfunctional ego-centeredness as an inhibiter of self-transcendent change, as a proxy measure to examine whether self-transcendence is indeed related to such “selfless” prosocial and pro-nature behaviors. Secondary aims were to examine ontological addiction (OA) and these behaviors in relation to competitiveness and ego-driven manifestations of prosociality. These relationships were examined via self-report measures in a cross-sectional cohort study of 287 UK adult participants. Findings revealed associations with competitiveness that broadly reflect its association with ego-centeredness through significant correlations with OA, and significant negative correlations with both prosociality and pro-nature behavior. They also supported earlier findings of a significant relationship between OA and measures of anxiety and depression. However, the expected negative correlations between OA and both prosociality and pro-nature behavior were not evidenced, which raises questions regarding the notion of OA as a conceptual antithesis of self-transcendence and/or whether measures of pro-sociality and pro-nature behavior adequately account for “selfish” or “impure” motivations that may underly these behaviors. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

819 Gift in free alms by Isabel de Sifrewast to Reading Abbey, for the souls of among others Robert de Sifrewast her father, Emma her mother, and her husbands buried at Reading, of half a virgate of land in Purley[1194 × early 13th cent.] Af81v; Bf63r; Cf30r Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Ysabella de Siffrawasta dedi etb concessi etc presenti carta mea confirmavi deo et sancte Marie de Rading(ia) et monachis ibidem deo servientibus, pro salute anime mee et pro animad Roberti de Siffrawasta patris mei et Emme matris mee et pro animabus maritorum meorum qui apud Rading(iam) sepeliuntur, et pro animabus omnium antecessorum meorume et successorum meorum, dimidiam virgatam terre in Purleya quam tenet in vilenagio Osbertusf filius Godwinig piscatoris, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, in perpetuam et puram elemosinam liberam et quietam ab omni consuetudine et exactione et demanda, et immunem ab omni servitio seculari; et ut abbas et conventus Rading(enses) transmutent predictum Osbertumf et progeniem suam ad voluntatem et dispositionem ipsorum hsive ad opus vilenagii sive ad censum annuum.h Ego autem et heredes mei respondebimus pro servitio forinseco, siquid forte ab eis aliquando exactum fuerit. Quod ut ratum in perpetuum permaneat, sigilli mei appositione confirmavi.i Hiis testibus:J [Iohanne capellano. Thoma Sorel, et multis aliis].

Obtaining enough good and excellent quality embryos is one of the key factors for achieving pregnancy using assisted reproductive technologies. This work was aimed at developing a mathematical model for predicting good and excellent quality embryos based on semen microbiota assessment in normozoospermia. The study included 127 men whose semen was used for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the proportion of good-quality blastocyst developed on the 5th day of culturing (good-quality blastocyst development rate, GBDR). The 1st group included 57 patients with GBDR ≥ 40%, the 2nd group included 70 patients with GBDR < 40%. All patients’ semen was assessed at the day of fertilization. Semen parameters were evaluated in accordance with the WHO standards and semen microbiota composition was determined by means of real-time PCR. Discriminant analysis was used for development of the prognostic model. We developed a method for predicting efficiency of the embryological IVF stage in normozoospermia: EGO-Pro-N prognostic index (Embryos of GOod and Excellent quality Prognosis in Normozoospermia). If the EGO-Pro-N value is greater than 0.212, the probability of receiving GBDR ≥ 40% is low. Conversely, if the EGO-Pro-N value is less than or equal to 0.212, the probability is high. Sensitivity and specificity of the method were 71.9% and 70.0% respectively, accuracy was 70.9%. The developed model allows us to predict good and excellent quality embryos based on comprehensive semen microbiota assessment in normozoospermia before IVF.

1197 Gift in free alms by Ralph of Ufton to Reading Abbey of 1 virgate of land in Ufton [Robert] [before July 1182; ? not later than 1154]Af44r; Af81v; Bf62r; Cf28vPd. (transl.) A. M. Sharp, History of Ufton Court,Sciant omnes fideles quod ego Radulfus de Offintona dono et confirmo hac carta mea unam virgatam terre in Offentona pro salute anime mee et omnium parentum meorum in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam ecclesie de Rading(ia). His testibus: Helya de Englefeld, Edmundo de Benham, Turstano de Witeleia, Simone de Herwardesl', et multis aliis.

1065 Gift in free alms by William, Earl Ferrers [earl of Derby] to Reading Abbey of 20 acres of arable land and 5 acres of meadow in his manor of Stanford [-in-the- Vale] [c. 1168 × 1189]Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus comes de Ferr(es) dedi deo et ecclesie de Rading(ia) in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam .xx. acras de terra arabili in manerio meo Stanford(ie) iuxta ecclesiam apud occidentalem partem et .v. acras prati, scilicet .iiii. acras quas Samson pro duobus solidis tenuit et quintam quam Gilebertus de Wicha tenuit. Hanc terram tenebunt prefate ecclesie monachi, in expectationem melioris et prestantioris doni mei, libere et quiete ab omni consuetudine et exactione seculari, pro salute anime mee et Sibille comitisse uxoris mee et omnium filiorum meorum et pro anima patris mei et matris mee et omnium antecessorum et successorum meorum. Testibus: Nicholao filio Pagani dapifero meo, Rog(erio) de Fifhida, Roberto de Bachepuz, Iohanne filio eius, Henrico de Kinchest(una), Walt(erio) de Stokes, lohanne Chatin', et multis aliis.

817 Gift in free alms by Sewale English [or the Englishman] to Reading Abbey of 2s [? rent] from the land of Padworth [c. 1150 × 75]Af40r;Bf71r;Cf36rNotum sit omnibus tam presentis quam futuri temporis Christi fidelibus quod ego Sewale Anglicus do et concede ecclesie sancte Marie de Rading(ia) in perpetuam elemosinam duos solidos de terra de Pedewrde. Et ut hec donatio rata sit, appositione sigilli mei confirmo, pro anima mea et uxoris mee et omnium predecessorum et successorum meorum. His testibus: Willelmo Stalon, Ernaldo Springard, Georgio presbitero de Weregrava, Simone dapifero, Walt(erio) coc(o).

482 Gift in free alms by William d'Aubigny, earl of Sussex, to Reading Abbey of 1 mark's worth of rent in Quidenham, viz., the land held by Ralph Magnus, to provide a pittance on the anniversary of Jocelin [of Louvain], his uncle[c. 1186 x 89]Original charter: BL Add. Ch. 19604A f 41r; A f 103r; (noted) B f 100rPd. Arch. Journ., xxii. 154; (cal.) Hurry, Reading Abbey, 170Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus de Albeni comes Susexie dedi deo et ecclesie de Rading(ia) unam marcatam redditus in Quiddenham, scilicet terram quam Rad(ulfus) cognomento Magnus tenet, in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam pro anima regine Adelize matris mee et pro anima patris mei et loc(elini) castellani avunculi mei et omnium antecessorum et successorum meorum et mea, ut inde fiat refectio conventui in anniversario Ioc(elini) avunculi mei. Hiis testibus: Reinerio fratre meo, Gileberto de Norfolke, Ricardo Aguillun, Willelmo de Alta Ripa, Willelmo de Elnestede.

263 Gift by Roger Bigod, earl of Norfolk, to Reading Abbey of 3 marks annual rent in the church of Finchingfield, to be expended during the donor's life on the repair of the shrines, reliquaries and other requirements of the high altar in the abbey and, after his death, on his anniversary there. The earl retains the advowson and will present each new parson to the diocesan bishop in the presence of Reading monks, in order to safeguard payment of the rent[1189 × 98; prob. 1193 × 98]Af 92vUniversis sancte matris ecclesie filiis Rog(erus) Bigot comes Norfolch(ie), salutem eternam in domino. Ad publicam volo pervenire notitiam quod ego, pro anima patris mei et matris mee et pro salute anime mee et Ide comitisse uxoris mee et omnium filiorum et antecessorum et successorum meorum, dedi et hac carta mea confirmavi deo et monachis de Rading(ia) .iii. marcatas redditus annuatim percipiendas in ecclesia de Fingingefeld. Ego autem semper dece-dente persona prefate ecclesie personam presentabo episcopo dioce-sano coram monachis de Rading(ia) ad hoc in presentatione pre-dicta vocandis, ut cautionem sufficientem coram episcopo de solutione predictarum trium marcarum annuarum de persona instituenda suscipiant, nee aliquid amplius in prefata ecclesia quam .iii. marcas exigere valeant per manum persone institute. Has autem tres marcas ita dedi ut dum vixero per manus vel per consilium Roberti monachi et Rad(ulfi) fratris eius de Norfolch expendantur in repar-atione feretrorum et philacteriorum et in ceteris que necessaria fuer-int principalis altaris Rading(ensis) ornatui. Cum autem decessero, de predicto redditu fiet anniversarium meum in conventu Rad-ing(ensi). Hanc autem elemosinam .iii. marcarum libere et quiete et perpetuo possidendam prefatis monachis ita dedi ut mihi et heredi-bus meis semper presentatio predicte ecclesie permaneat. T(estibus).

769 Gift in free alms by Aumary son of Ralph to Reading Abbey of all the land which named tenants held of him in carswell[prob. 1185 × 86]Af38vSciant presentes et futuri quod ego Amalricus filius Rad(ulfi) dedi et presenti carta confirmavi deo et sancte Marie de Rading(ia) et monachis ibidem deo servientibus, pro salute anime mee et antecessorum meorum et successorum meorum, in elemosinam perpetuam, liberam et quietam de me et heredibus meis ab omni servitio terreno, totam terram quam tenuerunt de me in Karsewelle Rog(erus) prepositus, Ricardus vallet, Rod(bertus) de Buleflet, Edwardus de Heffedford, Alanus piscator, Sewalus, Edwinus, Frewinus, Godricus, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis. His testibus: Willelmo de Tikeham, lohanne de Hida, Oeno filio Restwoldi, et multis aliis.

814 Gift in free alms by Ghilo de Pinkeny to Reading Abbey of the cotland which Peter son of Jordan held of him in Midgham[? late 12th × early 13th cent.]Af84r; Af106v; Bf69r; Cff 34v–35rSciant presentes et futuri quod ego Giloa de Pinkeni, de consensub et voluntate domini Roberti heredis mei, pro salute anime mee et omnium antecessorum et successorum meorum, dedi et concessi et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi deo et beate Marie de Radinges et monachis ibidem deo servientibus in puram liberam et perpetuam elemosinam illam cotcetlamc terre quam Petrus films Iurdanid tenuit de me in Micheame que iacet iuxta molendinum de blado et Rademore. Ita tamen quod predictus Petrus et heredes sui predictam terram tenebunt de abbate Radingie et eiusdem loci conventu, reddendo inde annuatim ecclesie Rading(ie) dimidiam marcam argenti pro omni servitio ad duos terminos, scilicet ad Annuntiationem beate Marie quadraginta denarios et ad festum sancti Michaelis .xl. denarios, salvo tamen servitio domini regis de quo respondebunt predictus Petrus et heredes sui. Ut autem hec mea donatio rata et inconcussa permaneat, f[eam tam]f sigillo meo quam sigillo filii mei duxi roborandam.g Hiis testibus.

1102 Gift by William Bannister son of John Bannister of Sulhamstead [Bannister] to Abbot Elias and the convent of Reading of 10 acres of meadow of his demesne in Widemead in Sulhamstead, lying between Havekeresforde and Middleham, for 2s annual rent. For this the abbey has given him 7 marks and a 3-year old colt from its stud [1200 × 1213][1200 × 1213]Af105r; Bf68r; Cf34vSciant presentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus Banastre filius Iohannis Banastre de Silhamstede dedi et concessi et hac presenti mea carta confirmavi deo et sancte Marie de Rading(ia) et beato Iacobo et Helie abbati Rading(ensi) eiusdemque loci conventui, pro salute anime mee et omnium predecessorum meorum successorumque meorum, decem acras prati de dominico meo in Widemeda de Silhamstede, que iacet inter Middelham et Havekeresforde, tenendas de me et heredibus meis in perpetuum, reddendo inde annuatim mihi et heredibus meis duos solidos ad festum sancti Egidii [1 Sept.] pro omni servitio et exactione seculari. Sciendum tamen quod pratum predictum solet singulis annis partiri per particas et distribui per sortes, sed quocumque modo fiat partitio seu per sortes distributio, quolibet anno remanebunt abbati Rading(ensi) et predicto conventui decem acre integre secundum quod per sortes eis evenerit. Pro hac autem donatione et concessione et huius carte confirmatione dederunt mihi predictus abbas et conventus septem marcas argenti et unum pullum masculum trium annorum de haracio suo. Ne autem hec donatio et concessio et confirmatio in posterum possit in irritum revocari, volui totum istud sierilli mei appositione communiri. Hiis testibus.

AbstractWe investigate the narcissists’ response to failure and whether narcissists effectively learn from this negative experience. To address this, we leverage data from a leading crowdfunding platform, and analyze 116,981 failed crowdfunding attempts. Our analysis shows a positive relationship between narcissism and the probability of relaunching which is negatively moderated by the degree of failure. Indeed, due to their fragility, narcissistic entrepreneurs are more likely to engage in ego-defensive behavior, and thus, they are less likely to relaunch following high degrees of failure. Moreover, narcissistic entrepreneurs exhibit poorer performance in their subsequent endeavors. This underperformance is driven by external attribution of failure and lower levels of pro-activity. In fact, following failure, narcissistic entrepreneurs are less likely to change internal factors that might contribute to their previous failure and they are more likely to respond to failure by reattempting in a different context. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.

821 Lease for life by Abbot Anscher of Reading to Tomus of a house in Reading, with the custom called heusir', and two corner plots, one of meadow and one of marsh[1130 × 35]Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Anscherius abbas Radyng(ensis), consilio et consensu fratrum nostrorum, concessi huic Tomo domum quandam in burgo Radyng(ie) in vita sua tenendam pro servitio suo ita quietam et liberam ne alicui inde respondeat nisi decano, quod si contigerit ipsum Tomum aliquando ab servitio nostro cessare de domo ilia predicta reddet decano singulis annis .xviii. d'. Concessimus ei quamdam consuetudinem in eadem domo habere que dicitur heusir', duos quoque angulos contiguos domui sue apud villam, unum de prato et alterum de mora, illi concessimus. Isti vero anguli et domus predicta post obitum ipsius Tomi in dominium nostrum redibunt. Huius rei testes sunt Hugo testab(u)I(arius), Rad(ulfu)s prepositus, Gaufr(edus) dapifer, Rad(ulfu)s eius socius, Simon famulus.

1073 Concession in free alms by William de Mandeville, earl of Essex, to Reading Abbey of the land which Alfric son of Croc of Kiddington held in his manor of Streatley [prob. 1175]Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus de Mandevill(a) comes Essexie concessi et presenti carta confirmavi deo et ecclesie sancte Marie de Rading(ia) et monachis ibidem deo servientibus totam terrain quam tenuit Aluricus filius Croc de Katend(ena) in manerio meo de Stratleia, reddentem .xxvi. solidos et .iiii. d', in perpetuam elemosinam cum omnibus pertinentiis suis in bosco et piano, in pratis et pasturis, in viis et semitis, cum omnibus libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus suis quas Aluricus filius Croc vel aliquis successorum eius unquam melius habuit in manerio meo de Stratl(eia). Tenebunt autem predicti monachi et perpetuo possidebunt prenominatam terram reddentem sibi .xxvi. solidos et .iiii. d' pro omni servitio, libere et quiete et absque omni terreno servitio, salvo tamen servitio domini regis quod eadem terra facere solebat. Cum autem contigerit quod relevari debeat prefata terra, relevabunt earn hii qui earn hereditarie possessuri sunt solvendo .x. solidos predictis monachis de Rading(ia). Si vero forisfecerint, satisfacient pro forisfacto monachis Ra[f41r]ding' sicut dominis suis per iudicium curie ipsorum monachorum. His testibus: Rog(ero) Bigot, Gileberto de Veir, Hugone Talebot, [Willelmo filio Rog(eri), Sawalo de Osevil', Iohanne de Rochell', Waltero cubiculario, Waltero filio Bernardi, et Waltero filio eius, Willelmo capellano de Pangeb(urna), Haimone de Rading(ia)].

370 Gift by Queen Adeliza to Reading Abbey, on the first anniversary of the death of King Henry I, her late husband, of the manor of Aston with its church[1 Dec. 1136]Original charter: in the possession of the Malcolmson familyAf16r;Bf20rPd. Mon. Ang., iv. 41–2 (no. vii); Trans. East Herts. Arch. Soc., i (1900), 129–30 (with facsimile and transl.); (facsimile) Antiquaries Journ., xiv (1934), pl. 1Notum sit omnibus fidelibus sancte ecclesie totius Anglie atque Normannie quod ego Adelidis regina uxor nobillissimi regis Henrici et filia Godefridi ducis Lotharingie concessi et perpetualiter dedi deo et ecclesie sancte Marie de Rading(ia) pro salute et redemptione anime domini mei nobilissimi regis Henrici et mea, pro salute etiam domini nostri Stephani dei gratia regis Anglorum, et uxoris eius Mathildis regine, et totius progeniei nobilissimi regis Henrici, et patris et matris mee, et parentum meorum tam vivorum quam defunctorum, omniumque fidelium Christianorum vivorum et defunctorum, Eastonam manerium meum quod dedit mihi dominus meus nobilissimus rex Henricus ut regine et sponse sue in Hertforda schira cum omnibus ei pertinentibus ita libere et quiete tenendum sicut ego ipsa unquam melius in dominio meo dono domini mei nobilissimi regis Henrici tenebam, scilicet cum socho et sacha et tol et theam et infangene ðief, cum ecclesia et dominio, cum hominibus liberis et villanis, cum bosco et plano, cum pratis et pascuis, cum aquis et molendinis, cum viis et semitis, cum omnibus consuetudinibus et libertatibus cum quibus dominus meus illud tenuit in dominio suo, et mihi dedit. Hanc autem donationem feci in primo anniversario domini mei nobilissimi regis Henrici in eadem ecclesia per quoddam pallium quod super altare posui. Testibus subscriptis: scilicet Rogero episcopo Salesb(er)ie, Symone episcopo Wigornie, Ingulfo abbate de Abend(onia), Waltero abbate de Egenesham, Bernardo abbate de Monte Sancti Michaelis, Warino priore de Wigornia, Nicholao priore Sancti Martini de Bello, Radulfo priore de Oseneia, Hermanno capellano regine, magistro Serlone clerico regine, Adam et Rodberto filio Walteri canonicis de Waltham, Radulfo, Teodbaldo, Rogero clericis episcopi Salesberie, Symone nepote episcopi Wigornie, Gervasio, Bertranno clericis episcopi Wigornie, loscelino fratre eiusdem regine, Peurello de Bellocampo, Milone de Bellocampo, Ricardo de Bellocampo, Stephano de Bellocampo, Hugone de Cramanvilla, Mauricio de Windlesora, et Rainaldo fratre eius, Gausfredo de Tresgoz, Rodberto de Tresgoz, Iohanne de Falesia, Rodberto de Calz, Francone de Bruscella, Gozone conestabulario eiusdem regine, Engelberto de atrio, Willelmo de Harafleot, Willelmo de Berchelai, Waltero de Dena, Baldewino dispensatore, Vitale aquario, Warino de Blancbuissun. Apud Rading(iam).

662 Gift in perpetual farm by Gilbert Basset to Reading Abbey of his demesne meadow at Ardington called Lankedale for an annual rent of 2os, for which the abbey shall also have pasture rights for 24 oxen or other beasts in his meadows and those where he has common pasture in the northern part of Ardington at a specified time of the year. For this the abbey has given him 15 marks of silver[1193 x 1205; ?c. 1205]Af95r; Af107v; Bf74r-v; Cf39rPd. Kennett, Parochial Antiquities, i. 183Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Gilebertus Basset dedi et concessi pro amore dei et pro salute anime mee et anime patris mei et anime matris mee et Thome filii mei et omnium antecessorum meorum et successorum abbati et monachis de Rading(ia) totum dominicum pratum meum apud Herdetune quod duobus locis continetur et appellatur Lankedale, tenendum de me et heredibus meis ad firmam perpetuam reddendo annuatim mihi et heredibus meis .xx. solidos ad festum sancti lohannis Baptiste pro omni servitio terreno. Concessi etiam prefato abbati et monachis ut habeant per prenominatum redditum .xxiiii. boves cum dominicis bobus meis in omnibus pratis meis et in omnibus pratis ubicumque communem pasturam habeo vel habere debeo in boreali plaga de Herdetune a die quo totum fenum meum dominicum asportatum fuerit vel secundum oportunitatem temporis asportari poterit usque in diem quo prata ponantur in defensum. Ita ut in quacumque pratorum ex ilia parte de Herdetune communi pastura potero warantizare boves meos warantizabo boves abbatis et monachorum de Rading(ia). Quod si abbas et monachi de Rading(ia) .xxiiii. boves in prenominata pastura vel habere noluerint vel non potuerint, habeant in eadem totidem averia eadem libertate qua et boves eis habere concessi. Ut igitur de hac mea donatione et concessione de me et heredibus meis firmam et perpetuam habeant securitatem et warantum, earn sigilli mei impressione confirmavi. Pro hac itaque concessione dederunt mihi prefatus abbas et monachi .xv. marchas argenti. Hiis testibus: Roberto de Sanfort, Iohanne filio Hugonis, Galf(redo) de Turbevile, Ricardo clerico de Ledec(um)b', Osb(erto) Turpin, Andrea Basset, Reginaldo filio Helie de Ledec(um)b'. Ricardo Franceis de Henrede, Waltero de grava, Ilg(ero) de Chausi, Nicolao filio Petri, Huberto de Anreda, et multis aliis.

MENGUATKAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA BERKELANJUTAN: Perspektif Implementasi UU Desa No. 6 Tahun 2014 di Kabupaten Bantul Abstrak Fenomena kemiskinan merupakan persoalan komplek yang dalam satu dasawarsa terakhir belum rampung hingga usai. Kompleksitas kemiskinan menjadi salah satu penyebab, mengapa sudah 70 tahun Indonesia masih saja belum mampu menyelesaikan persoalan ini. Pada gilirannya, kemiskinan menjadi salah satu tujuan utama pembangunan di negeri ini. Berdasarkan fakta, kemiskinan di Indonesia, data yang dilansir oleh BPS (Mei, 2015) penduduk miskin mencapai 10,96 persen (27,3 juta jiwa) dengan prosesntasi sekitar 62,65 persen penduduk miskin berada di desa.Dengan begitu, kemiskinan di desa, khususnya di Kabupaten Bantul, harus menjadi prioritas utama dalam pembangunan. Desa harusnya menjadi salah satu sumber utama dalam menurunkan angka kemiskinan, tetapi faktanya desa masih saja dieksploitasi secara besar-besaran, sehingga menyebabkan limbahan air mata bagi warga desa karena harus mencari sumber nafkah lain. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, maka penelitian ini akan menjawanb 2 (dua) persoalan mendasar, yaitu (1) apakah program pemberdayaan masyarakat desa berdampak pada sustainable livelihood bagi warga desa? (2) bagaimana advokasi perubahan kebijakan yang seharusnya diterapkan ketika melihat program dearah dan pusat yang memiliki tujuan sama terkait pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis partisipatif? Manfaat hasil kajian ini secara regulasi agar tidak terjadinya dualisme kebijakan, sehingga pemerintah dapat memberikan solusi alternatif dalam pembangunan desa yang berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian masyarakat sebagai objek program dapat mengembangkan diri sebagai komunitas yang mandiri dan partisipatif. Hasil temuan dilapangan terhadap persoalan yang diajukan bahwa program pemberdayaan masyarakat desa yang dilakukan pemerintah masih saja terjadi ego-sektoral antar lini, baik pemerintah pusat maupun daerah. Faktanya, UU Desa yang meskinya menjadi dorongan untuk mengembangkan sumberdaya desa yang berkelanjutan, masih terjadinya beberapa tumpang tindih program, seperti Community Development Mengentaskan Kemiskinan (CDMK), tidak berbanding lurus dengan realitas masyarakat yang secara nyata dapat mengembangkan dirinya sendiri tanpa bantuan langsung program tersebut. Melihat fakta ini, maka harus adanya dorongan advokasi perubahan kebijakan yang lebih tepat sasaran, yaitu mendorong pemerintah agar program harus lebih ditekankan pada pro-job dan pro-growth untuk meningkatkan sisi produktifitas ekonomi masyarakat desa. Kata Kunci: Pembangunan Desa, Implementasi UU Desa, dan Sustainable Livilihood. Abstract The phenomenon of poverty is a complex issue that in the past decade has not been completed until the end. The complexity of poverty is one reason, why it has been 70 years Indonesia still has not been able to resolve this issue. In turn, poverty is one of the main goals of development in this country. Based on the fact, poverty in Indonesia, data reported by BPS of poor people reached 10.96 percent (27.3 million) with prosesntasi approximately 62.65 percent of the poor are in desa.Dengan so, the poverty in villages , especially in Bantul, should be a top priority in development. The village should be one of the main sources in reducing poverty, but the fact that the village is still being exploited on a large scale, causing tears cesspit for the villagers of having to look for other sources of income. Based on these facts, this research will menjawanb two (2) fundamental issues, namely (1) whether the rural community empowerment program impact on sustainable livelihood for the villagers? (2) how to advocate policy changes that should be applied when looking at local and central programs with common goals related to the empowerment of community-based participatory? Benefits results of this study are regulations to avoid the dualism policy, so that the government can provide an alternative solution tosustainable rural development. Thus the society as an object program can develop themselves as self-reliant communities and participatory. The findings of the issues raised in the field that the community empowerment program that the government is still happening ego inter-sectoral lines, both central and local governments. In fact, the Act Village meskinya be encouraged to develop resources sustainable village, still the occurrence of multiple overlapping programs, such as Community Development Alleviating Poverty (CDMK), is not directly proportional to the realities of society which obviously can develop themselves without the direct assistance of the program. Seeing this fact, it should be the impetus for advocating changes in policy more targeted, which is to encourage the government to allow the program to be more emphasis on pro-jobs and pro-growth to increase the economic productivity of rural communities. Keywords: Rural Development, Implementation of the Village Law, and the Sustainable Livilihood.

244 Gift in free alms by Roger de Cressy to Reading Abbey of 13d annual rent in Chearsley on the feast of St James [25 July] to provide a light annually before the relics of St James[/9 × 1246; ? early 13th cent.]Bf94r; Cf48rUniversis sancte matris ecclesie filiis presens scriptum inspecturis Rogeru's de Cressy, salutem in domino. Noveritis me karitatis intuitu et pro salute anime mee et animarum omnium antecessorum et successorum meorum dedisse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse abbati de Rading(ia) et monachis eiusdem loci deo servientibus .xiii. nummatos redditus mei in Certeleia quos Willielmus films Rad(ulf)i de Certel(eia) mihi solebat reddere per annum, habendos et percipiendos prefatis abbati et monachis ad festum sancti Jacobi apostoli in puram et perpetuam elemosinam ad usum annul luminarii coram reliquiis sancti Jacobi in eadem ecclesia repositis. Volo ergo et legaliter ac firmiter precipio quod, si prefatus W(illelmus) sive heredes sui defecerint in solutione prefati redditus ad prefatum terminum, liceat prefatis abbati et monachis distringere sufficienter per manus suas prefatum W(illelmum) sive heredes suos super tenementa que de me tenent quousque satisfecerint prefatis abbati et monachis de prefato redditu et de expensis suis circa prefatum redditum recuperandum factis. Et ego Rogerus et heredes mei warantizabimus prefatis abbati et monachis prefatum redditum contra omnes homines et feminas. Et in testimonium huius facti mei, presenti carte presens sigillum meum annosui. T(estibus).

In imperial studies, the inclusion of diasporic groups, fragments of vanished empires, into newly formed imperial spaces remain considerably underexplored. This article is devoted to the problem of the integration of the Russian emigrant colony into the multinational community of the quasi-sovereign state of Manchukuo (1932–1945), which was a product of Japanese pan-Asian imperial construction. The option of integrating emigrants with the status of a national-cultural autonomy into the society of early Manchukuo generally suited the emigrant community. This option of maximum integration corresponded with the special role of emigration as the heir of Russian colonisers of the Manchurian region and the bearer of the mission of preserving Russian culture in exile. Very quickly, the integration process ran into an insurmountable contradiction between the ideal model of organising Manchukuo on the principles of national-cultural federalism and the real imperial practice of governing the peoples ruled by Japan. Japanese pan-Asian nation-building, which after the late 1930s turned towards the creation of a single East Asian nation, began to threaten emigration with the loss of national identity. This threat, along with the forcible politicisation and mobilisation of the colony to solve Japan’s imperial problems, intensified protective tendencies in the emigrant environment and contributed to some emigrants refusing integration strategies. Almost the only successful example of the inclusion of emigrants into Manchukuo society was the so-called frontier integration of the Russian Cossack population of Sanhe Qu (so-called Three-River Region) bordering the USSR. Another important factor that stimulated the refusal of emigrants to integrate was the growth of pro-Soviet patriotism during the Great Patriotic War. The article is based on materials from periodicals and other print media of Russian emigrants in China, documents from emigrant organisations and Japanese special services, and emigrant ego-documents.

This article studies the Soviet repatriation policy after the Second World War referring to Soviet repatriation mission officers’ correspondence with the United Nations Relief and Reconstruction Administration (UNRRA), as well as Russian DPs’ ego-documents. The authors of the article raise the question about the fact that Soviet repatriation policy sparked an information war in the media in the second half of the 1940s, which has never been done by researchers previously. A variety of sources are used in the work, including the Hoover Institution for War, Revolution and Peace (Stanford, USA), the Bakhmetev Archives of Russian and Eastern European Culture at Columbia University (New York, USA), the State Archives of the Russian Federation (GARF, Moscow), as well as the UN Archive. The authors argue that discussions of Soviet repatriation policy should be placed within the context of the Cold War era, which began with the breakup of the Big Three alliance. The Soviet government used a variety of information, political, and intellectual resources to ensure the return of the maximum possible number of USSR citizens to their homeland. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that for the purposes of counterpropaganda, the anti-communist forces used the idea of repatriation by utilizing the potential of displaced people who had survived the Stalinist repression of the 1930s to oppose the existing political regime in the USSR. Considerable attention is paid to the position of UNRRA officials, primarily the heads of its mission in Austria. Several of them were highly critical of the activities of the Soviet repatriation authorities, believing that their behaviour often failed to help displaced people become interested in returning home.