Dissertationen zum Thema „Effet essence“
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Boyaval, Stéphane. „Etude de la granulométrie des sprays produits par des injecteurs à swirl destinés à l'injection directe essence : mesures et application du formalisme d'entropie maximum“. Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClesse, Margaux. „Étude multi-sites de la réponse de la fertilité chimique des écosystèmes forestiers dans un contexte de changements (dépôts atmosphériques et substitution d’essences)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleForest ecosystems often grow on acidic, nutrient-poor soils. In many places, high acidic atmospheric deposition (sulfuric and nitric acids) has significantly accelerated the acidification of soils and surface waters during the second half of the 20th century, frequently leading to soil fertility degradation and forest decline. In addition, species selection and/or substitution by forest management can also have a significant effect on the biogeochemical functioning of soils and forest ecosystems. In this context, their sustainability is questioned and it is necessary to quantify the evolution of the chemical fertility of forest ecosystems in the face of these pressures and to better understand their biogeochemical functioning, in order to ensure sustainable forest management. The main objectives of this thesis are i) to quantify the evolution of chemical fertility of forest ecosystems using four diagnosis methods: soil resampling, monitoring of soil solutions, foliar concentrations and calculation of the "input-output" budget, ii) to understand the mechanisms underlying this evolution and iii) to compare the results obtained by the different methods, taking into account the uncertainty surrounding the budget. To do this, we quantified the evolution of fertility over a period of 20 to 30 years by these 4 methods, on monospecific plots of the Breuil-Chenue site and on 8 level III plots of the RENECOFOR network. The results showed that the species had an effect on soil acidification and on the pools of exchangeable nutritive cations in the soil. Hardwoods appear to acidify soils less intensely than coniferous. A restoration of pH is observed under oak and beech, whereas acidification seems to continue under coniferous, especially under Douglas fir and pine, and even more under Nordmann fir and spruce. Soil acidification and associated nutrient losses have also been demonstrated on some RENECOFOR sites. Nitrate and sulphate seem to be the main drivers of acidification. However, their origin depends on the site studied: they are sometimes derived from current atmospheric deposition, but internal sources to the ecosystem may also intervene via excess nitrification (especially under Douglas fir, pine, oak at Breuil and CPS 77) or desorption of S into the soil (especially on RENECOFOR sites). Leaching of S and N and associated cations tends to acidify soils. However, the response of sites to acidification can vary, depending on the predominance of either biological or geochemical cycling. Sites identified with predominant geochemical cycling (CHS 41, CPS 77, HET 30, and SP 38) have nutrient pools supported more by weathering and atmospheric deposition fluxes, whereas the sites dominated by biological cycling (EPC 08, EPC 87, PS 67a, SP 57) have nutrient pools supported primarily by recycling fluxes. Finally, the results showed that the comparison between the different fertility diagnosis methods is not easy. Differences were highlighted, with sometimes contradictory results. Taking into account the uncertainty around the budget does not alone explain the differences observed by the soil resampling approach. Uncertainty in the choice of model could perhaps partly explain the origin of the discrepancies. This work highlights the importance of continuing research on i) understanding the response of forest ecosystems to changes in atmospheric deposition and species substitution and ii) assessing the uncertainties surrounding the different approaches to fertility diagnosis
Козловська, Ганна Борисівна, Анна Борисовна Козловская und Hanna Borysivna Kozlovska. „To English Haiku Text as the Motivation Factor in the Process of Learning Foreign Language“. Thesis, София: "Бял ГРАД - БГ" ООД, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/50961.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChakib, Soundouss. „Les essences de géranium : influence pédoclimatique et saisonnière sur les essences marocaines. Classification par les méthodes d'analyse de données“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaddamu, Suhasini. „Effect of fat content on the sensory thresholds and the headspace release of five strawberry flavor compounds /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManning, Lydia K. „SPIRITUALITY AS EXPERIENCED IN THE LIVES OF OLD WOMEN: AN EXPLORATION OF ESSENCE AND EFFECT“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1304363755.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaffrain, Jérôme. „Effet des essences forestières sur le fonctionnement organo-minéral d'un sol acide: observations et modélisations“. Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171476.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelay, Guillaume. „Analyse des écoulements transitoires dans les systèmes d'injection directe essence : effets sur l'entraînement d'air instationnaire du spray“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7367/1/delay1.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelay, Guillaume Bazile Rudy Charnay Georges. „Analyse des écoulements transitoires dans les systèmes d'injection directe essence effets sur l'entraînement d'air instationnaire du spray /“. Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKulhánková-Kubartová, Ariana. „Effet des essences forestières sur la diversité des décomposeurs: étude du site atelier de Breuil (Bourgogne, France)“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10142/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicrobial diversity and its relation to decomposition activity were studied in forest soils. An optimized fingerprinting method of TGGE (temperature gradient gel electrophoresis) was used to determine the patterns mainly of fungal but also of bacterial communities during decomposition of different substrates (cellulose, wood, tree litters) in a native forest and four monocultures . The diversity data were compared to measurements of decomposition rate in the samples (plus cellulase activity, fungal biomass and C/N ). Further, effect of environmental variables (soil chemistry, moisture and temperature) to diversity was also targeted. Substitution of tree species caused changes in the composition of fungal and bacterial communities. Similarly, the communities were changing during the incubation period. However, any significant decrease of species richness was detected for any substrate or tree species. The differences in the decomposition rate did not seem to be influenced by a species loss or community change, but rather by a change in the microclimatic and nutrient conditions, influencing biotic interactions and/or species activity. Leaf-needle mixed litters sustained fungal diversity and increased the decomposition rate. During summer, species richness tended to decrease and common species were replaced by infrequent ones, able to tolerate dry conditions and to be very active
Toïgo, Maude. „Productivité des forêts mélangées : effet de la diversité en essences dans un contexte climatique et édaphique variable“. Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlobal environmental changes may lead to a modification of abiotic factors and biological diversity. The production function in forest ecosystems has the particularity to be both subjected to, and a regulator of, these environmental changes. Understanding how forest productivity is driven by species diversity and environmental factors is therefore a critical issue. This PhD thesis studies how tree species mixture affects their productivity along edaphic and climatic gradients. Based on an approach using both an original dataset and the national forest inventory dataset, I focused on five major species of European forests in pure and two-species forests: Quercus petraea, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Picea abies. In lowlands, abiotic factors had little impacts on the outcome of tree species mixture on productivity. In addition, the effect of tree species mixture was determined by the shade tolerance of companion species. In highlands, the positive effects of tree species mixture were strongest when the abiotic factors were the most limiting for growth. These results highlight the importance of considering abiotic factors and the functional characteristics of species as drivers of the effect of biological diversity on ecosystem functions
Kulhánková-Kubartová, Ariana Berthelin Jacques Ranger Jacques Santrucková Hana. „Effet des essences forestières sur la diversité des décomposeurs étude du site atelier de Breuil (Bourgogne, France) /“. S. l. : S. l. : Nancy 1 ; Charles University, Prague, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0142_KULHANKOVA.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeves, Machado Maria Héléna. „La mycorhization contrôlée d'Eucalyptus globulus au portugal et l'effet de la secheresse sur la symbiose ectomycorhizienne chez cette essence“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10413.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSgwane, Thulile Seipone. „Effect of essential oil compounds on metabolism of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids by ruminal microorganisms in vitro“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLin, Ting-Ning. „Effect of fat mimetics on the headspace release of five strawberry flavor compounds“. Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4962.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 4, 2008 Includes bibliographical references.
Bae, Seong-Woo. „Entwicklung einer Rastersonden-Strom-Messtechnik für die kontaktlose Bestimmung von Strömen in mikroelektronischen Leiterbahnstrukturen basierend auf dem magneto-resistiven Effekt - Development of a scanning current measurement technique for a contactless current detection over conducting lines via the magneto-resistive effect“. Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2003. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-09222003-103444/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndrianarisoa, Kasaina Sitraka. „Minéralisation de l'azote et nitrification dans les écosystèmes forestiers : Effet du type de sol et de l'essence forestière“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis was to identify the main indicators of N availability in forest soils and thereafter to determine mechanisms by which tree species control soil N mineralization and nitrification. Various indicators of N availability were compared within 50 beech forests covering a large range of soil types in northeastern France. Thereafter, the effect of six tree species was studied in an acidic cambisol hyperdystric at the experimental site of Breuil (Morvan, France). Potential net N mineralization was negatively correlated with soil pH and positively with microbial C/N ratio. Percent nitrification was strongly correlated with the combination of soil pH and soil C/N or with the combination of Ellenberg’s indices of N availability or Ecoplant C/N and Ellenberg’s indices of acidity (R) based on the vegetation community composition. At the Breuil experimental site, the percent nitrification was high in beech, Corsican pine and Douglas fir plantations whereas it was very low in the Nordmann fir and the spruce plantations and the native forest stands (an old coppice with standard dominated by beech and oak). The exchange of soil cores between stands showed that under the « High nitrifying stands », root colonization was low and percent nitrification was quickly stimulated (<16 months). In « Low nitrifying stands », root colonization was very quick but percent nitrification decreased slowly (>28 months). Percent nitrification was quickly stimulated by clear felling of the native forest. Our results converge toward a strong influence of roots on the nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems but it needs further efforts to identify the mechanism
Moukoumi, Judicaël. „Effet des essences forestières sur la biodégradation des matières organiques : impact sur la dynamique et le cycle du carbone, de l'azote et des éléments minéraux“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study was to determine the relevant indicators of the dynamic of organic matter (OM) and some steps of the cycle of carbon, nitrogen and mineral nutrients in relation with the nature of tree species. The experimental site of Breuil-Chenue (Morvan), which allows on similar conditions, to follow the tree species effect, was used as work support. Field and laboratory experimental approaches show that 30 years after the plantation, the expression of the native forest (a coppice with standards dominated by beech, 150 year-old) disappeared, under the effect of young tree species. Marked differences were observed in litter decomposition, carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and dynamics of major elements, even in soil aggregate fractions. Groups of tree species stands were distinguished: the first one having a good potential of decomposition, concerns Douglas fir and beech, whose OM in the A1 horizon, was not abundant but relatively recalcitrant. Nitrate production was higher and implicated on Ca, Mn and Mg mobility. The second group was characterized by a low potential of decomposition. It includes native forest, and spruce plantation whose needles richest in lignin, Fe and Al accumulate on topsoil. Soil OM from these both stands presented a weak nitrate production, but release much more soluble organic compounds with a great potential of carbon mineralization in lab. Fe and Al were more mobilized. The oak plantation, with leaf litter low in lignin and richer in Ca, Mg, Mn and K, occupied an intermediate position. Plant materials were decomposed rapidly. However, strong production of litter and its high proportion of wood result in it accumulation on topsoil
Bauer, Rodolphe. „La modélisation du volume des compartiments riches en composés chimiques extractibles (écorce et nœud) dans six essences d'intérêt des régions Grand-Est et Bourgogne Franche-Comté“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AGPT0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a context of renewal of the chemical industry and the search for new outlets for forestry, extractives are becoming increasingly interesting molecules, both ecologically and financially speaking. In order to evaluate the relevance of these molecules as a new resource for the chemical industry and a potential outlet for forestry, it is necessary to make a preliminary evaluation of the resource. This requires knowledge of the volume of compartments rich in extractable material, particularly bark and knots. The present study therefore focuses on modeling bark and knot volumes. It focuses specifically on two French regions, the Grand Est and the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, and on six important species, Abies alba, Picea abies, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercu robur, Quercus patraea, and Fagus sylvatica.This study is made possible, on one hand, by the use of a large database including numerous measurements of bark thickness made at different heights on the stems of many trees. On the other hand, new samplings have been made to allow X-ray scanning of nodes all along the stem and thus to determine precisely the volume on a computer picture.In order to model the available amount of bark, three types of models were built, models predicting the volume of bark, models predicting the surface area of bark along the stem and models predicting the thickness of bark at 1m30. The former achieved a relative root mean square error (RMSErel) of 16.7% to 27.5% depending on the species.The study of bark area models showed that it was possible to use a model independent of diameter-over-bark but that model using this variable are more accurate. The RMSErel achieved by these bark area models varied between 23 and 38% depending on the species and model considered.This work showed the importance of using the bark thickness at 1m30 as an input data. As it is rarely measured today, it was also modelled using the DBH. This allowed us to show the influence of altitude on bark thickness at 1.30 m for three species: Abies alba, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica. The models obtained RMSErel of the models ranged from 26.8 to 36 % of RMSErel depending on the species considered.Finally, knot volumes have started to be studied. Although this work has not been fully completed, it already shows the importance of producing new models in order to fit the predicted knot patterns as closely as possible to reality. Moreover, the quantity of these compounds in the wood seems, at this stage of the study, to be too small to provide a large extractable resource, despite their great intrinsic richness. Their interest could therefore be more in the extraction of specific molecules
Barbier, Stéphane. „Influence de la diversité, de la composition et de l'abondance des essences forestières sur la diversité floristique des forêts tempérées“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00238532.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous avons développé des modèles statistiques pour tester ces indicateurs sur la richesse de groupes écologiques de la flore. Nous les avons comparés avec des modèles basés sur la composition et l'abondance des essences, dans les forêts de plaine du centre de la France (Bassin Parisien). Les caractéristiques stationnelles ont été soit fixées, soit prises en compte dans les modèles. Il apparaît que la richesse en essences n'est pas un bon indicateur de diversité floristique, et que la pureté de l'essence principale a des effets positifs ou nuls sur la richesse floristique ; ces réponses positives s'expliquent probablement par la structure des peuplements étudiés qui sont principalement des chênaies et chênaies charmaies, dans lesquelles la diminution de la pureté de l'essence principale (souvent le chêne) correspond souvent à une augmentation des essences de taillis dans le sous-étage (comme le charme). Ces essences de taillis ont des effets négatifs ou nuls (voire positifs pour les herbacées forestières).
Il existe de meilleurs indicateurs de biodiversité que la pureté et la richesse, en particulier l'identité de l'essence principale et l'abondance des essences classées par groupes. Le premier est un indicateur pratique ; il nous montre par exemple que les peuplements de résineux sont moins riches en espèces sciaphiles ; les peuplements de frênes sont plus riches pour de nombreux groupes d'espèces vasculaires ; les peuplements de chênes pédonculés sont plus riches que ceux de chênes sessiles pour de nombreux groupes d'espèces. L'abondance des groupes d'essences (chênes, pionnières, essences de demi-ombre, autres essences feuillues, résineuses dryades et résineuses post-pionnières) est le meilleur descripteur de la richesse pour plusieurs groupes écologiques. Cependant, c'est un modèle multivarié qui n'est pas facile à utiliser en tant que tel comme indicateur.
Nous avons étudié l'effet essence à l'échelle de l'arbre pour s'affranchir des biais stationnels ; les variations de l'eau du sol entre couples d'essences (pin–chêne ; hêtre–chêne) sont faibles, l'éclairement est parfois différent entre essences (surtout à proximité du tronc), mais il y a peu de différences floristiques entre essences à cette échelle (sauf pour les bryophytes). L'effet de la structure des peuplements semble plus important à considérer que les caractéristiques propres à chaque arbre individuel. La composition en essences est une variable synthétique qui nous renseigne en partie sur de nombreux facteurs de diversité végétale auxquels elle est liée : des caractéristiques stationnelles, sylviculturales, de structure du peuplement et historiques. Ces facteurs sont inhérents à la composition en essences dans les forêts existantes. Si la sylviculture changeait (choix d'essences par station et fréquence et intensité des perturbations), les relations entre composition en essences et diversité floristique changeraient probablement aussi ; nos indicateurs devraient alors être testés de nouveau.
Stoeckel, Solenn. „Impact de la propagation asexuée et du système d'auto-incompatibilité gamétophytique sur la structuration et l'évolution de la diversité génétique d'une essence forestière entomophile et disséminée, Prunus avium L“. Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002599.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDulaurent, Anne-Maïmiti. „Effet de la diversité des essences forestières sur les niveaux de population de la processionnaire du pin (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), à différentes échelles spatiales, dans la forêt des Landes de Gascogne“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14176/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMixed forests are less prone to insect damage than pure forests because ofreduced host accessibility and/or improved control by natural enemies. To test thesehypotheses, we have studied the ecology of the pine processionary moth (PPM)(Thaumetopoea pityocampa) and its parasitoid, in a monoculture of maritime pine(Pinus pinaster) plantations, the Landes de Gascogne forest. There, open areas(firebreaks, clear cuts) and patches of broadleaved woodlands (hedgerows, riparianforest, natural forest remnants) still persist locally. In this study we have shown that:(1) Pine stand colonization by PPM was limited by the presence ofbroadleaved hedgerows at stand edge. Broadleaved trees formed physical barriersdisrupting the visual detection of pine trees by PPM females when searching for anoviposition site.(2) The longevity of the two main PPM egg parasitoids increased whenspecimen were fed with honeydew produced by oak aphids. The generalist species,which emerges two months before PPM, could benefit from this longer lifespan tooverlap its host emergence.(3) PPM pupae survived better in the soil of open areas than under forestcovers (pine or broadleaved trees), because of higher temperature and humidity. Theassociation between pine stands and open areas benefits PPM through habitatcomplementation, whereas the presence of broadleaved trees may act as anecological trap for PPM caterpillars.(4) Maritime pine stands within heterogeneous landscapes exhibited lowerPPM infestations than similar stands within pine monocultures. PPM infestation levelsdecreased with increasing percent broadleaved area in the surrounding landscape.These results are discussed according to the ecological mechanisms whichmay explain the relationship between insect herbivory and tree species diversity.Perspectives for improved PPM management in the Landes de Gascogne forest, andfor further scientific research are proposed
Pinazzi, Pietro Matteo. „Potential of ozone to enable the low load operation of a Gasoline Compression Ignition engine“. Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) engine, relying on Gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion (GPPC) has potential for efficient and clean operations. GCI engine showed to be effective at high load, however, the highoctane number of gasoline dramatically limits low load operations. The present work investigates the potential of using ozone, a strong oxidizing agent, to improve gasoline reactivity and enabling low load GCI operation.Ozone can be produced in-situ and on-demand by equipping the engine with an ozone generator, without a dramatic impact on the engine cost and the engine control complexity. Experiments in a single cylinder engine showed that ozone promotes gasoline HCCI combustion, making possible to extend the lean limit and reducing the minimum temperature needed for autoignition. Optical diagnostics showed that these properties are related to an increased radical proliferation related to ozone-induced low temperature reactions. In parallel, GCI combustion process was investigated under low load conditions. Without ozone, the intake temperature should be considerable increased to enable auto ignition of lean gasoline-air mixtures. Moreover, results indicated that the NO contained into residual burnt gases can strongly promote GCI low load combustion. Finally, the effect of ozone was investigated under GCI direct-injection conditions, demonstrating that low load GCI operation with low NOx and Soot emission can be achieved by seeding the intake of the engine with ozone without needing of increasing the intake charge temperature or boosting the intake pressure
Merian, Pierre. „Variations spatio-temporelles de la réponse au climat des essences forestières tempérées : quantification du phénomène par approche dendroécologique et influence de la stratégie d'échantillonnage“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00764526.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmm, Annabelle. „Contribution à l’estimation des potentialités de migration des essences forestières face au changement climatique : Le cas du sapin pectiné (Abies alba Miller) sur le Mont Ventoux“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrent climate change (CC), really fast, will impose species to change their history life traits or their distribution range. Trees may not be able to adapt because of their long reproductive cycles hence their potentialities of migration is decisive. Past tree migration rates, during Holocene, were revised in downward these rates (several decameters against several hundred m/year). In this context, and focusing on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) as “model species”, we studied main factors decisive for migration potentialities. Using regeneration plots, installed on Mont Ventoux north face, silver fir dispersal and seedling recruitment have been studied, including seed sources and main environmental characteristics. Dispersal was also estimated using genetic data. For both cases, dispersal distances are of the order of decameters. This species shows a mixed mating system, and auto-fertilization rate, plus reproduction between half-sibs, induces homozygosity excess, generally observed in regeneration, this excess decreases probably under the purge of inbred individuals. Our results show that seedlings do not have show homozygosity excess, however inbred seedlings die preferentially. Lastly, we constructed a model of forest dynamics that includes processes that determine migration, in order to evaluate the concordance between long life cycle species and CC. Our results show that silver fir does not migrate as fast as climate warming velocity
Stenger, Luma Dalmolin. „Toxicidade dos óleos essenciais sobre Thaumastocoris peregrinus, Cleruchoides noackae e na indução de resistência em Eucalyptus benthamii“. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2516.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs plantações de eucalipto no Brasil vêm sofrendo ataque de insetos exóticos, causando perdas significativas nesta cultura. Thaumastocoris peregrinus alimenta-se da seiva das folhas do eucalipto, o que promove redução na taxa fotossintética, desfolha e, em alguns casos, a morte da planta. Contudo, métodos de controle alternativo estão sendo estudados para reduzir e/ou eliminar os problemas associado a esse inseto e ao uso de produtos fitossanitários sintéticos. Deste modo, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a toxicidade dos óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia, Casearia sylvestris e Eugenia uniflora sobre T. peregrinus, a seletividade de E. uniflora ao parasitoide de ovos Cleruchoides noackae e o potencial destes óleos como indutores de mecanismo de defesa em Eucalyptus benthamii. Para isso, avaliou-se a mortalidade de T. peregrinus, após entrar em contato com os óleos essenciais (1,0%), selecionando-se o óleo de E. uniflora para ser avaliado em diferentes concentrações sobre adultos, ninfas de 3° ínstar e ovos de T. peregrinus, e sobre o parasitoide de ovos C. noackae. A seletividade sobre este parasitoide foi analisada no pré-parasitismo, pós-parasitismo (1 dia) e pós-parasitismo (7 dias). Avaliando a porcentagem de ovos parasitados por C. noackae, porcentagem de C. noackae emergidos, razão sexual de C. noackae e porcentagem de ninfas de T. peregrinus eclodidas. Os óleos essenciais foram analisados por cromatografia em fase gasosa. O teste de indução de resistência teve objetivo de avaliar os mesmos óleos essenciais, como indutores de mecanismos de defesa em E. benthamii. Foram realizados dois bioensaios, 1) pulverizou-se os óleos essenciais e depois de 30 dias realizaram-se as análises bioquímicas dos tecidos foliares, avaliando-se açúcares totais, proteínas, peroxidases, fenilalanina amônialiase (FAL) e fenóis. 2) sete dias após a primeira análise pulverizou-se novamente os óleos essenciais e depois de 3 dias avaliaram-se os parâmetros citados anteriormente. No teste de toxicidade verificou-se a mortalidade de T. peregrinus (100%), após contato com óleo essencial de E. uniflora (1,0%), e este, na concentração de 0,75% apresentou potencial inseticida sobre adultos, ninfas de 3° ínstar e ovos de T. peregrinus. Este óleo foi seletivo a C. noackae quando aplicado pós-parasitismo (1 dia). Quando aplicado pré-parasitismo e pósparasitismo (7 dias) afetou os parâmetros biológicos deste parasitoide. Os compostos majoritários encontrados no óleo essencial de M. alternifolia foram, 1,8-cineol (72,31%) aterpineol (8,55%), em C. sylvestris foram g-muroleno (19,55%), a-zingibereno (15,24%) e samorfeno (13,17%) e em E. uniflora calamen-10-ona (20,20%), silfiperferol-6-em-5-ona (10,06%), germacrona (6,61%). Os óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia, C. sylvestris e E. uniflora não promoveram aumento significativo dos níveis de açúcares totais, proteínas, peroxidase, FAL e fenóis ao serem analisados aos trinta dias após a pulverização. Os mesmos óleos pulverizados e analisados após três dias possuem potencial como indutores de mecanismos de defesa em mudas de E. benthamii.
Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil have been attacked by exotic insects, causing significant losses in this crop. Thaumastocoris peregrinus feeds on the sap of the eucalypt leaves, which promotes a reduction in the photosynthetic rate, defoliation and, in some cases, the death of the plant. However, alternative control methods are being studied to reduce and/or eliminate the problems associated with this insect and the use of synthetic phytosanitary products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of the essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia, Casearia sylvestris and Eugenia uniflora on T. peregrinus, the selectivity of E.uniflora to the parasitoid eggs of Cleruchoides noackae and the potential of these oils as inducers of defense mechanism in Eucalyptus benthamii. For this purpose, the mortality of T. peregrinus was evaluated after contact with the essential oils (1,0%), and the oil of E. uniflora was selected to be evaluated in different concentrations on adults, 3° instar nymphs And eggs of T. peregrinus, and on the parasitoid of C. noackae eggs. The selectivity on this parasitoid was analyzed in pre-parasitism, post-parasitism (1 day) and post-parasitism (7 days). Evaluating the percentage of eggs parasitized by C. noackae, percentage of C. noackae emerged, sexual ratio of C. noackae and percentage of T. peregrinus nymphs hatched. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography. The resistance induction test had the objective of evaluating the same essential oils as inducers of defense mechanisms in E.benthamii. Two bioassays were performed, 1) the essential oils were pulverized and after 30 days the biochemical analyzes of the foliar tissues were performed, evaluating total sugars, proteins, peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (FAL) and phenols. 2) seven days after the first analysis the essential oils were again sprayed and after 3 days the parameters mentioned above were evaluated. In the toxicity test, mortality of T. peregrinus (100%), after contact with E. uniflora essential oil (1,0%) was verified, and at 0,75% concentration showed insecticidal potential on adults, 3° instar nymphs and T. peregrinus eggs. This oil was selective to C. noackae when applied after parasitism (1 day). When applied pre-parasitism and post-parasitism (7 days) affected the biological parameters of this parasitoid. The major compounds found in the essential oil of M. alternifolia were, 1,8-cineol (72.31%) a-terpineol (8.55%), in C. sylvestris were g-murolene (19.55%), (15.24%) and s-amorphene (13.17%) and in E. uniflora calamen-10-one (20.20%), silfiperferol-6-em-5-one (10.06%), , Germacrona (6.61%). The essential oils of M. alternifolia, C. sylvestris and E. uniflora did not promote a significant increase in the levels of total sugars, proteins, peroxidase, FAL and phenols when analyzed within 30 days after spraying. The same oils sprayed and analyzed after three days have potential as inducers of defense mechanisms in E. benthamii seedlings.
Cruz, Elizangela Mércia de Oliveira. „Época de colheita, irrigação, fitoquímica e atividades carrapaticida e fungicida do óleo essencial de genótipos de Lippia gracilis Schauer“. Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, 2013. http://ri.ufs.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a influencia da época de colheita e do estresse hídrico na composição química do óleo essencial e testar a atividade carrapaticida e fungicida do óleo essencial de L. gracilis. Para as análises de época de colheita o material vegetal foi colhido de sete genótipos de L. gracilis no Campus Rural da UFS , nas épocas chuvosa e seca. Já para o ensaio de estresse hídrico o experimento foi conduzido na época seca. A extração de óleos essenciais foi realizada no Laboratório de Fitotecnia da UFS, por meio de hidrodestilação. A análise química do óleo essencial foi realizada utilizando CG-EM, no Laboratório de Cromatografia da UFS. Para a atividade carrapaticida foram realizadas os testes de pacote de larvas e de imersão de fêmeas ingurgitadas do carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus em diversas concentrações de óleo essencial, timol ou carvacrol. Para o teste de atividade fungicida, o óleo essencial, em diferentes concentrações foi adicionado ao meio BDA. Cada placa foi inoculada com micélios da cultura monospórica de Thielaviopis paradoxa. O óleo essencial de L. gracilis apresentou dois quimiotipos distintos um com o genótipo LGRA-106 apresentando o composto timol como majoritário e os demais o carvacrol. As folhas forneceram óleos essenciais amarelados com teor médio de 1,55% na época chuvosa e 2,09% na seca. Na época chuvosa não houve diferença significativa tanto no rendimento como no teor. A composição química dos óleos essenciais de L. gracilis apresentou altos níveis de terpenos, 92% na época chuvosa e 96% na época seca. No ensaio com irrigação os valores de teor e rendimento de todos os genótipos são menores quando comparado com o ensaio sem irrigação. De maneira geral a espécie L. gracilis, quanto à presença de água no solo, apresenta estabilidade na composição química do óleo essencial independente da época do ano, uma vez que as plantas submetidas à irrigação, mesmo no verão, produziram óleo essencial em quantidade e qualidade semelhantes à época do inverno. O óleo essencial de L. gracilis apresenta alta atividade carrapaticida, comprovados pelas concentrações letais dos genótipos LGRA-201 (1,31 mg.mL-1) e LGRA-106 (4,66 mg.mL-1), demonstrando eficiência no controle desse parasita. Os ensaios demonstraram que as concentrações 0,45; 0,91 e 2,75mg.mL-1 de todos os genótipos de L. gracilis inibiram completamente o desenvolvimento do patógeno T. paradoxa, correspondendo a uma porcentagem de inibição do crescimento micelial de 100%. A concentração de 0,18mg.mL-1 de óleo essencial foi suficiente para reduzir significativamente o número de esporos de T. paradoxa. A concentração fungicida mínima de T. paradoxa foi encontrada entre as concentrações de 0,80 a 0,98mg.mL-1 para os óleos essenciais e 0,26mg.mL-1 para o carvacrol, e 0,35mg.mL-1 para o timol.
Tu, Chia-Yen, und 杜佳燕. „Reflection on Accession Regulation─Focus on the Essence and Effect“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57062331690835341246.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle中國文化大學
法律學系
100
The legislative intent of the accession regulation is to protect socio-economic to maintain the overall economic benefit of the continuation, in order to protect the public interest of the high degree cannot choose but sacrifice the low interest. Civil Law instituted the accession regulation to determine the ownership of the continuation. It may cause one party affect by the interest but the other party has caused damage that it is a brief provision of the legislation technically to get the ownership of the continuation. Legislators especially endow with people who have caused damage by the accession regulation that it applicable mutatis mutandis the stipulation of unjust enrichment to apply for the price of the damage. At first, this text declare the premise of the accession must be based on facts. Secondly, this article introduce the constitutive elements and the Legal effects of the accession regulation. The combination of the continuation must belong to different owners or different owner of the materials and services that its degree of combination cannot be separated or identified without damaging or requiring fee too high. This article believes that the process object does not need to become a new object only according to the value of the increase of the process more than the original value. Last but not least, accession may accompany forced enrichment, torts, negotiorum gestio, the possession of no right or the mistake of the payment relationship that we have to solve the rights is competing or elimination relationship. This article proposes “return the same type thing”that it refer to French legislation, this article think it can be our legislative reference.
Huang, Chih-Ya, und 黃至雅. „Effect of Extraction Temperature and Time on Quality of Quail Essence“. Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71575852235806264020.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle東海大學
畜產與生物科技學系
93
Response surface methodology (RSM) of rotary composite design was applied to examine the effects of extraction temperature and time on proximate composition, pH, color, ATP's related compounds, free amino acids, and sensory characteristics of quail essence. Extraction temperature of 105 ℃ to 125℃ and extraction time of 2 to 6 hours was adopted for range of study. Results showed that quail cut-up had higher (p<0.05) dry matter and protein content as compared to whole carcass and ground quail. The protein content and dry matter of quail essence increased (p<0.05) as extraction temperature and time increased. Lower L value and higher b value were observed as extraction temperature and time increased. Free amino acid content decreased as extraction temperature and time increased; however, ATP's related compounds increased as extraction temperature and time increased. Sensory data indicated that darker color, lower umami and sweetness flavor, stronger astringent and bitterness flavor and lower overall acceptability of quail essence were reported as extraction temperature and time increased. Quail essence with extraction temperature of 115℃ and extraction time of 4 hours had the highest flavor compounds, free amino acid content and overall acceptability in sensory evaluation. Considered all processing variables, quail cut-up, with extraction temperature of 115℃ and extraction time of 4 hours was the best combination of quail essence manufacturing.
Chang, Yung-Sheng, und 張永昇. „The Effect of Chinese Herb Essence on Genes Expression During Atherogenesis“. Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90433469987217229585.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle中國醫藥學院
醫學研究所
91
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. To determine the effect in lowing the formation of the atheroma and molecular mechanism of Chinese herb treatment, New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were assigned randomly into ten dietary groups. The normal group was fed regular rabbit chow and the cholesterol group was fed a chow containing 0.5 % cholesterol, the probucol group, the lovastatin group, and five Chinese herb essence groups were fed the same diet as the control group plus those additives, respectively. Animals were scarified after 8 weeks feeding and aortas were used to extract total RNA. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine five specific gene expressions during atherogensis. The results of cholesterol group show over-expression in those five genes. And, the gene expressions of Chinese herb essence groups are significantly decreased as compare to cholesterol group and almost identical to the normal group. These results show that the protective effect of Chinese herb extraction against hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis is valid. Human cDNA microarray were also performed to identify specific genes expression between the regular rabbit chow and the cholesterol group. To determine the homology between rabbit and human, we further choose 57 identified rabbit genes to performe semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It is promising using human cDNA microarray to screen genes expression during atherogenesis.
LIN, TING-YIN, und 林亭吟. „Effect of Chicken Essence Supplements on the FatigueRecovery of Badminton Players“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8f4yw6.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立臺灣體育運動大學
運動健康科學系碩士班
106
Background: This study investigated whether consuming chicken essence enhances the fatigue recovery of badminton players after training according to their blood biochemical indicators. Method: Five badminton players (age:20.4±0.55, training age: 7±0.7) were recruited into this study. A crossover, single-blinded experiment was conducted in which the participants were administered either broth containing chicken essence (BE group) or placebo with whey protein and the same mount of nutrients (P group) for 10 days. Their bloods were sampled four times to examine nutrient changes caused by the supplements. The blood indicators investigated were lactate, blood pH, base excess, bicarbonate, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatine, and creatinine. Subsequently, the blood samples data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Two related samples from the nonparametric analysis were selected to identify the difference in blood indicators between the BE and P groups. Result:The results indicated that the consumption of chicken essence did not influence the blood biological indicators both before and after sports activities; thus, the lactate values, pH buffers, ammonia removal, and glucose balance were not influenced by the chicken essence supplements. Conclusion: Accordingly, consuming chickn essence may not affect the outcome of a single badminton game.These results provide a reference for the effect of consuming chicken essence on sports fatigue recovery. However, numerous blood biological indicators pertinent to fatigue were not examined and should be explored in-depth in further research.
TENG, LI-HSIANG, und 鄧麗香. „Effect of Young Barley Leaf Essence on Serum Lipids and LDL Oxidation“. Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70021708878684556201.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle輔仁大學
食品營養學系
88
The study, including in vitro and in vivo experiments, was investigated the effect of young barley leaf essence (YBLE) on serum lipids and antioxidative activities. In the in vitro study, YBLE was extracted with n-hexane(H), ethanol(E), water(W) alone or continuously. The antioxidative activities of various extracted fractions were determined by the protection of linoleic acid oxidation. In the in vivo study, Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into 6 groups. Besides blank and low fat diet groups, the remaining four groups were fed with a high fat diet separately containing 1%, 3%, 5% YBLE or -tocopherol (150mg/kg diet). Blood and liver samples were obtained after 4 weeks feeding. Serum lipid levels, TBARS of serum and livers, 50% hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC), and the susceptibility of LDL oxidation were determined. Results showed that the ethanoliy extract from the residues of n-hexane had highest antioxidative activity (71.1%). It indicated that treatment of 5% YBLE in the diet significantly reduced serum triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, LDL-C. The results further demonstrated animals fed 1% YBLE and -tocopherol (150 mg /kg diet) had longest lag phase of dialysis or undialysis LDL oxidation induced with Cu2+. RBC from 3% YBLE feeding group had significantly prolonged 50% RBC hemolysis time from 73.33 mins to 82.33 mins and lower serum TBARS. Besides, the levels of liver TBARS were decreased in all three groups fed with YBLE, and group fed with -tocopherol (150 mg /kg diet). In conclusion, the study demonstrated that YBLE containing diet decreased serum lipids and prolonged the oxidation of LDL. Therefore, supplementation of YBLE may reduce the risk factors of atherosclerosis.
Yun-Chien und 黃筠茜. „Regulatory effect of Prune essence on the intestinal function and blood lipids“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05314195581175334108.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle中山醫學大學
營養學研究所
99
Prune has long been considered to be a functional food. The study was focused on the regulation of intestinal function and blood lipids by prune essences. This was a randomized, placebo-controlled and double blind design. Sixty healthy subjects were assigned into three groups. The study began with one week of run in period, 4 weeks of administration period, and 2 weeks of follow-up period. During the administration period, each subject drank 2 bottles (50mL×2) of prune essences every day in the two-bottles group, each subject drank 1 bottle of prune essence every day in the one-bottle group, each subject drank 1 bottle of placebo every day in the control group. Fecal sample was obtained every week, blood was collected at the initial and end of study. Results showed that subjects drank prune essence significantly increased the colony number of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. (p<0.05), and greatly decreased the colony number of Clostridium perfringens and E.coli (p<0.05). The antioxidant capacity of plasma and antioxidative enzymes of erythrocytes were also significantly increased after the 4 weeks of continuous use of prune essence. In addition, total blood cholesterol and blood sugar were significantly reduced. In conclusion, the use of prune essence was effective in promoting the intestinal health and also increasing the antioxidant capacity.
陳麗君. „Studies on effect of excipent on physical properties of instant chicken essence“. Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06811526118213161767.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle大葉大學
食品工程學系碩士班
91
The object of this study was to investigate the effects of physical properties and sensory evaluation of instant chicken essence (ICE) samples freeze-dried from the concentrated chicken essence with various contents of A-, B-, M- and O-type excipients. For all the sensory evaluation the ICE sample 3 with 5% O-type excipient was markedly acceptable compared with the other ones. The O-type excipient could reduce the partial stench of the ICE samples. In general, the dissolving rate of the ICE samples in hot water was increased by increasing the water temperature. The rate of the ICE samples with O- and M-type excipients, i.e. samples 3 and 8, 9, respectively, was much faster than that of the ICE one (sample 7) without the addition of any excipient. The turbidity of the original ICE sample 7 was 126.0 NTU and could reduce to below 87.4 NTU by the addition of 5~10% O- or M-type excipients. Moreover, the OD555nm value of sample 3 was similar to that of the commercial chicken essence. The amino acid nutrient, moisture and solid contents of the ICE samples was not significantly changed by the addition of various excipients. Finally, this research demonstrated that the excipient selection was very important to improve the quality and sensory evaluation of the ICE products through the freeze-drying processes.
Liu, Wan-Chen, und 劉婉真. „Effect of Young Barley Leaf Essence on The Prewvention of LDL Oxidation in Human“. Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83876309932856451611.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle輔仁大學
食品營養學系
88
This study investigated the antioxidative activities of young barley leaf essence (BL) on the oxidation of serum LDL in healthy subjects who ingested various saturation of edible oil, with or without vitamins C and E supplemented. Sixty healthy college students were randomly divided into 6 dietary groups, 10 in each. Basal diets contained olive oil (O) or soybean oil (S) as different saturation oil sources. The test subjects received O, S, O or S plus 15 g of BL (OB or SB), OB or SB plus additional 200 mg of vitamins C and E (OBV or SBV) diet daily for 3 weeks. After overnight fasting, blood samples were drawn at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of the 3-week feeding. Serum lipid levels and lag phases of LDL oxidation were determined. The results showed that S diet significantly decreased serum LDL-C and HDL-C levels (P<0.05). A shorter lag phase of LDL oxidation was observed in the subjects ingested S diet than the ones ingested O diet (P<0.01). The BL supplementation with soybean oil diet (SB) prolonged LDL oxidation very significantly (P<0.01). Ingestion of O diet could prolong LDL oxidation phase very significantly (P<0.01), too. Furthermore, their serum LDL-C levels were also reduced when they received an OB diet (P<0.05). However, supplementation of vitamins C and E with either OB or SB diet couldn’t enhance the effect of LDL oxidation prevention. In conclusion, ingestion of PUFA-rich diet (S) could reduce serum total cholesterol and LDL-C, but also significantly decrease HDL-C levels and lag phase of LDL oxidation. However, supplementation of BL in S diet group enhanced the reduction of serum cholesterol and also inhibited the oxidation of LDL very significantly (P<0.01). Supplementation of vitamins C and E couldn’t enhance antioxidative effect of BL. These results demonstrate that ingestion of 15 g/day of BL may reduce the risk of serum LDL oxidation which can be enhanced by a PUFA-rich diet.
Chen, I.-ting, und 陳儀庭. „The Essence and Effect of Utilitarian/Hedonic Consumption Attitude In High Involvement Purchase Process“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14076525597902086763.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
97
Through theoretical inference and six experiments, this study attempts to illustrate and prove that, when entering a store for the purchase of a high involvement product, consumers are influenced in their purchase decision making process by the utilitarian and hedonic consumption attitudes cultivated. In contrast to previous studies that regarded U/H attitude as a product/brand attitude, we proposed the concept of a U/H consumption attitude. Formed near the beginning of a purchase process because of high involvement, such consumption attitudes have different implications for the ensuing purchase behavior. With no marked difference between the available product choices, when the consumption attitude is primarily more utilitarian, price would be the key consideration to consumers, with price-off affecting their purchase intent significantly; however, when the consumption attitude is primarily more hedonic, trust would be a relatively more important factor, with price-off no longer affecting consumers' purchase intent significantly. The conclusions of our study should help to expand the theory and application of U/H attitude research, with the practical application of providing salespersons with a basis for serving customers and achieving the optimal result in persuasive efficacy in the in-store selling of high involvement products.
Chang, Kai-Lun, und 張凱綸. „The Effect of Chicken Essence Supplementation on Plasma Immunoglobulin and Cytokine after Exhaustive Exercise“. Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72550669842836088325.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立體育學院
運動科學研究所
91
Physical exercise induced the elevation of plasma cytokines and acute phase protein. Chicken essence may have efficiency component which could regulate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chicken essence on the change of plasma creatine kinase, immunoglobulin and cytokines. Sixteen health female college students were assigned to drink either chicken essence or placebo on two sessions separated by one week. Subjects run on a treadmill at an estimated speed corresponding to their 80%VO2max for 30 min. Then, the exercise intensity was increased by 1% grade every minute until they become exhausted. Double-blind cross-over was adopted in this study. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, at exhaustion, 1 and 2hr after exercise. The plasma CK, IgG (immunoglobulin G), IgA (immunoglobulin A), IL-1β(interleukin-1 β), IL-2 (interleukin-2), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-α) concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All values were expressed as percentage compared to the values obtained at exhaustion. Increased levels of CK, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2 and IgG, IgA were observed immediately after exhaustive exercise, only CK, IgG and IgA had significant difference as compared with the values of pre-exercise. The increased percentage of plasma IL-1β, IL-2 and TNF-αduring recovery phase was higher in chicken essence group than placebo group during recovery period. The increased percentage of plasma CK and IL-6 was lower in chicken essence than in placebo group during recovery period. However, all parameters were had no significant difference between two groups. In conclusion, these results showed that short term chicken essence supplementation had no effects on plasma IgG, IgA and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 after exhaustive exercise.
Hsiao, Yiling, und 蕭伊伶. „Effect of essence of chicken on learning-memory ability and aging process in senescence accelerated mice“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69545194873030602045.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle靜宜大學
食品營養學系
100
Essence of chicken (EOC) might reduce the damage of reaction oxygen species (ROS) by the capacity of antioxidantive component such as carnosine and anserine. The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of EOC, and on antioxidant status and reproductive capacity in 3-month-old male senescence accelerated prone mice (SAMP8), and on learning-memory ability, antioxidant status and aging phenomenon in 6-month-old male and female SAMP8 mice. Experiment one is that 3-month-old SAMP8 male mice were divided into control and 485 mg/kg BW, 970 mg/kg BW and 2910 mg/kg BW EOC groups. There are two experiments. Experiment two is that 6-month-old SAMP8 male and female mice were divided into control and 970 mg/kg BW EOC groups. In experiment one, the 3-month-old mice were fed with different diets for 8 weeks. Food intake, body weight, and active shuttle avoidance test were performed. The malondiadehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities of liver in mice were examined. The β-amyloid protein (Aβ), the motility, abnormality and concentration of spermatozoa and histopathological evaluation of dead spermatides of cauda epididymis were also evaluated. In experiment two, the 6-month-old mice were fed with different diets for 20 weeks. Food intake, body weight, and active shuttle avoidance test were performed. The serum biochemical parameters were analyzed after sacrificed. The MDA, SOD and GSH-Px activities of liver, hippocampus, striatum and cortex in mice were examined. In experiment one, the results showed that the SAMP8 male mice fed with 970 mg/kg BW EOC group had significantly better motility of sperm atozoa than the SAMP8 control group. The SAMP8 male mice fed with 2910 mg/kg BW EOC group had significantly better motility, lower abnormality of spermatozoa and β-amyloid protein than the SAMP8 control group, while the mean dead spermatides of cauda epididymis was significantly lower. In experiment two, the results showed that the SAMP8 male and female mice fed with 970 mg/kg BW EOC group had significantly improvement on learning-memory ability, lower aging scores, and reduce the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride than the SAMP8 control group. Meanwhile, 970 mg/kg BW EOC group also had higher GSH-Px activity in the brain and liver. In summary, the supplements of EOC could improve the learning-memory ability and the quality of spermatozoa, reduce the blood lipid and the accumulation of β-amyloid protein, promote the antioxidative defense system, and refarded the aging process.
Tsai, Tung-Liang, und 蔡東良. „Effect of Extrusion on Corn Supplemented with Chicken Essence Byproduct Feed on the Performance of Pigs“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74032234985020582995.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立屏東科技大學
畜產系所
98
The factors in the growth performance of piglets include environmental temperatures, feeding and management, genetics, endocrine and nutrition. Pig farmers’ aim is to maintain the growth performance of piglets and to shorten the period of feeding, and in turn to maximize their profits. Chicken essence byproduct from meat processing factories contains the nutrition similar to bone powder and could be a source of animal protein, calcium and iodine. Nonetheless, its amino acid composition is not good. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the influences of adding different proportions of extruded chicken essence byproduct, corn(extruded and unextruded), soybean meal(extruded and unextruded)and tryptophan on the growth performance of pigs. By studying nursery pigs and growing pigs, this research has found the better usage and proportion of feeds, which could maintain a better growth efficiency and lower the cost of feeds, creating better profits for pig farmers. This experiment is composed by three trials, all conducted on three crossbred (LYD) weaning pigs, including 28-day-old piglets and 42-kg growing pigs. During each of the three trials, twenty-four hour lighting and ad libitum feeding and drinking were provided. Heating lamps was applied in the whole period and temperature changed according to the environmental temperature. The initial weights, daily feed intake, weekly weight increase, weekly feed efficiency are recorded. In trial 1, 48 nursery pigs were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments, 4 replications in each treatment, 4 piglets in each replication. The dietary formulations were: treatment 1: extruded chicken essence byproduct + soybean meal; treatment 2: extruded chicken essence byproduct + DDGS; treatment 3: ground corn + soybean meal. The duration of trial was 8 weeks. The results show that, in the groups fed with addition of extruded chicken essence byproduct, the feed intake, weight increase and feed efficiency of pigs is not as good as the control group. Meanwhile, among the groups fed with addition of extruded chicken essence byproduct, worse growth performance tendency was observed in the group fed with DDGS. In trial 2, 36 growing pigs were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments, 3 replications in each treatment, 4 piglets in each replication. The dietary formulations were: treatment 1: extruded chicken essence byproduct + soybean meal; treatment 2: extruded chicken essence byproduct + DDGS; treatment 3: ground corn + soybean meal. The duration of trial was 8 weeks. The results show that in the whole period, no significant difference on feed intake and weight increase was observed among all groups. As for feed efficiency, the group with addition of extruded chicken essence byproduct + soybean meal is significantly worse than the group with addition of ground corn + soybean meal. In trial 3, 48 nursery pigs were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments, 4 replications in each treatment, 4 piglets in each replication. The dietary formulations were: treatment 1: ground corn + soybean meal; treatment 2: ground corn + soybean meal + tryptophan; treatment 3: chicken essence byproduct + soybean meal + tryptophan;. The duration of trial was 6 weeks. The results show that in the whole period, no significant difference on feed intake was observed among all groups. As for weight increase and feed efficiency, the group with chicken essence byproduct and corn is significantly worse than others.
Duport, Nicolas. „Étude de la stabilité dimensionnelle d'un revêtement polymère sur placage de bois pour structures intérieures d'avions“. Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19906.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChang, Ti-Chun, und 張迪鈞. „Anti-fatigue effect of dripped chicken essence of spent hen within different ages (young, middle, old) and gender on mice“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45635609232492746563.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立中興大學
動物科學系所
105
Dripped chicken essence (DCE) is made by a Chinese compendium and is a liquid nutritional supplement with high quality of protein, amino acid and free fatty acid. “Compendium of Materia Medica”, a famous Chinese compendium, indicates that spent hens (SP) is one of the great guiding drug, which could be applied to manufacture DCE with lower price and increase the residual value of SP. A lot of studies have been shown that the chicken essence (CE) elicits anti-fatigue effects, which implies that DCE may have similar effects. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of DCE on fatigue at different age. DCE was made by SP. Distilled water was used as normal group. The amino acid composition and general ingredient were analyzed in all samples. Anti-fatigue effect was conducted by using the different age of mouse model: 1. Group of young mice: 32 male and 32 female 4-week-old ICR were divided into 4 group: normal and DCE of SP (concentration of total protein: 27.73 mg/mL, 55.46 mg/mL and 138.65 mg/mL). Each mouse was administrated orally by different samples according to its body weight (0.012 mL/g) everyday from 7 weeks old. The physical challenge and anti-fatigue function, including forelimb grip strength, exhausting swimming time, and the main biomarkers of fatigue (blood lactate, blood glucose, liver glycogen, creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen) were evaluated after 1 weeks treatment. 2. Group of middle aged mice: 32 male and 32 female 12-month-old ICR were divided into 4 group: normal and DCE of SP (27.73 mg/mL, 55.46 mg/mL and 138.65 mg/mL), and the experiment design is alike group of puberty. 3. Group of old mice: 24 male and 24 female 18-month-old ICR were divided into 4 groups: normal and DCE of SP (27.73 mg/mL, 55.46 mg/mL and 138.65 mg/mL), and the experiment design is alike group of puberty. To the result of the analysis of branched chain amino acids, we found that the DCE of SP has more branched chain amino acids than the commercial dripped chicken essence with health food certification of anti-fatigue. To the result of experiment, level of blood lactate was lower in the group of DCE supplement compare with the normal group. And the DCE group also had a high level in blood glucose after exhausting swimming at young mice group, middle aged mice group and old mice group. The results show that DCE could increase the performance of exercise and the concentration of liver glycogen too and decrease the concentration of blood creatine kinase. These finding demonstrated that DCE have great effect on anti-fatigue. And the effect is more significant in the middle aged mice group and old mice group.
Li, Yan-li. „Effect of light level on the growth and essential oil production of two herbs :: sage (Salvia officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) /“. 1996. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3458.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleГущина, А. В. „Чинники та шляхи підвищення якості послуг в ресторанному підприємстві «Бремен»“. Thesis, 2019. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/10927.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe theoretical bases of estimation of quality of products and services of the enterprises of restaurant economy are considered in the work, the concepts and standards of quality of products and services, its essence and indicators, modern approaches to the estimation of quality of services are defined. The general characteristics and main indicators of economic and financial activity of the institution are given, the results of the analysis of quality of production and service in the cafe "Bremen", located in Odessa, are presented. According to the results of the analysis, a set of measures for improving the quality of services in the Bremen cafe is proposed - replacement of the automated order registration system, introduction of a banquet service manager into the staff and expansion of the range of leisure services by equipping the billiards room, substantiated economic efficiency of their implementation, which is supported by the necessary technical and economic calculations.