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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Ecosystems typology“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Ecosystems typology"
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Dauhan, Edgar M., Dwight M. Rondonuwu und Cynthia E. V. Wuisang. „Type of Urban Ecosystem Based on Land Use: A Study in Mapanget sub-district, Manado City“. Journal of Sustainable Engineering: Proceedings Series 1, Nr. 1 (30.06.2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35793/joseps.v1i1.2.
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The developments that occur in Manado city, have an impact on changes in existing urban ecosystems and land use. Mapanget sub-district is an area adjacent to the suburbs, when viewed from the ecosystem typology of the land use with plantations, but due to developments in the city center, land changes and land use in the Mapanget district have changed the typology of existing urban ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to analyze land changes and land use in Mapanget sub-district in order to determine the typology of urban ecosystems. The method used is descriptive. To be able to analyze land changes and land use Arc Gis 10.3 software was used with supporting data, namely the 2002-2018 satellite imagery map, 2007-2016 land use map. Based on the results of the analysis, the changes in land use from 2002 was 86.95% reduced to 74.26%. Built land in 2002 was increased from 13.05% to 25.74%. The use of residential lands significantly increases from a land area of 394.09 ha to 733.05 ha. Research shows that the typology of urban ecosystems in Mapanget sub-district consists of absorption typology for around 1395.62 Ha (26.96%), composite ecosystems for approximately 40.54 Ha (0.78%), and production ecosystems around 3740.67 Ha (72.26%). Hence, the typology of production ecosystems is the most dominant changes in land use and more directed to the ecosystem typology of absorption, while land accretion is built at 25.74%.
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Korobeynikov, D. A., I. S. Korabelnikov und V. K. Telekabel. „Typology of Russian agribusiness ecosystems“. Vestnik Universiteta, Nr. 11 (01.01.2025): 109–19. https://doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2024-11-109-119.
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In the agricultural sector of Russia, an independent market of digital platforms and ecosystems is actively developing, which leads to a variety of their organisational forms and differentiation of business models. The purposes of the study are to develop classification criteria and, on their basis, form a typology of existing platform and ecosystem decisions in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The following classification criteria are proposed: role of the ecosystem core in business, industry localization, and product specialisation. According to the first criterion, all ecosystems are divided into core companies complementary to the main business and independent ones. According to the second criterion, they are divided into universal and industry-specific, while the latter can be part of the universal ones. Considering the third criterion, the following elements are identified and described in detail: specialised product marketplaces (B2B (business-to-business) for wholesale, B2B and B2C (business-to-customer) for retail, B2B for supply, B2B for procurement and mixed ones); logistics platforms; financial platforms and aggregator sites. Emerging multi-functional industry ecosystems offering comprehensive products for agribusiness are separately highlighted as well as government services and platforms implementing individual functions of government administration in the industry.
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Grigorov, Borislav, und Asen Asenov. „Mapping of ecosystems of Mala planina Mt, Bulgaria“. Annual of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Book 2 – Botany 101 (2017): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.60066/gsu.biofac.bot.101.47-53.
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The main aim of the current study is to differentiate and analyze types of ecosystems in Mala planina Mt. The investigation is based on the typology of the Working Group for Mapping and Assessment on Ecosystems and their Services (MAES), following Action 5 of the EU Biodiversity strategy requiring member states to map and assess the state of ecosystems and their services in their own territories. The provided methodological framework for mapping of ecosystems is for the continental scale of Europe and it is applied to the local scale of a Bulgarian mountain. The map of the ecosystems in Mala planina Mt based on the MAES typology is created on the basis of information from CORINE Land Cover 2012 dataset. All other ecosystem types of terrestrial category except wetlands, heathland and shrub are presented in a different areal pattern. Grassland, woodland and forest are the most widely distributed ecosystem types of level 2, while urban, cropland and sparsely vegetated areas are randomly distributed.
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Petkova, Gergana, Hristina Prodanova und Vanya Stoycheva. „Analysis of the national ecosystem database of Bulgaria: (Mis)matches with the MAES framework“. Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 47 (30.12.2022): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e99268.
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The mapping of ecosystems is a significant element in the European Biodiversity Strategy and the results of its implementation should support the maintenance and restoration of ecosystems and their services. The quality of the spatial data is of crucial importance for the achievement of these goals. A methodological framework for Bulgaria in the form of nine separate methodologies has been developed in recent years. In this paper, we analyze the ecosystem typology for Bulgaria and the GIS database to assess the possibilities to develop a common database for the needs of integrated water management. The data analyses were carried out in two dimensions: 1) the typology and attributive data were analyzed by cross-tabular approach; and 2) the spatial data were analyzed by topology rules. The results of the study reveal three main problems of the typology: 1) for some types it is developed to the fourth level while for others it is to the third level; 2) in some of the ecosystem types, especially in the freshwater ecosystems, different categories are mixed within a single hierarchical level; 3: there are duplicated numerical designations between grassland and forest ecosystems. This necessitates a revision of the typology and the development of a correct uniform classification to be used for the needs of integrated assessment. The topology analyses of the merged data from the eight ecosystem GIS layers show extremely large numbers of gaps and overlaps. The main reason is the use of different sources for the mapping of different ecosystem types. The main conclusion is that it is practically impossible to generate topologically correct integrated GIS layers from the eight ecosystem type layers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new approach for mapping all ecosystem types into a uniform database.
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Nedkov, Stoyan, Ivaylo Ananiev, Hristina Prodanova und Vanya Stoycheva. „Integrated mapping of ecosystems and assessment of forest ecosystem services at river basin scale“. Silva Balcanica 24, Nr. 3 (28.12.2023): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e115856.
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Ecosystems provide various goods and services to society and their valuation is among the main objectives of the concept of ecosystem services (ES). The mapping of ecosystems is the main building block of the whole process of the Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES). The analyses of the ecosystem data produced during the implementation of the national methodology for mapping ecosystems in Bulgaria (MAES BG) reveal some problems that may cause confusion in cases of integrated assessment of all ecosystem types. In this paper, we present an approach that enables formulation of a uniform spatial dataset based on the mapping of the main ecosystem types, that can be used for mapping of ES at a river basin scale. It has been applied to the upper part of the Ogosta River basin and the result is a topologically correct uniform spatial data layer. The approach gives one possible solution to problems related to the different sources of information and the discrepancies between ecosystem types in the national mapping of ecosystems in Bulgaria. It is based on the use of a uniform spatial framework that outlines the ecosystem types and sets the initial database for further mapping. This ensures a topologically correct spatial dataset for the ecosystems and a background for further updates for each ecosystem at the different levels of MAES typology. The most appropriate spatial basis for the territory of Bulgaria is the database for the physical blocks of the Ministry of Interior. Its application to the studied river basin gives encouraging results and can be used as an example for similar areas. Further development of the approach will ensure the mapping of the forest ecosystems at level 3 of the MAES BG typology and more precise delineation of the grassland, heathland, freshwater, and sparsely vegetated ecosystems.
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Kim, Dohoon. „Conceptual Typology for Platform Service Ecosystems“. Journal of the Korea society of IT services 15, Nr. 1 (31.03.2016): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.9716/kits.2016.15.1.299.
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Shtol, Angel G., Dmitry V. Zakharov, Maxim A. Ponomarev, Aleksei Zh Yakushev, Dariko K. Balakhanova und Aleksandr B. Lanchakov. „ECOSYSTEM BUSINESS MODEL: ORIGIN OF THE CONCEPT, TYPOLOGY, FEATURES“. EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 5/2, Nr. 146 (2024): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.05.02.001.
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The article discusses the main forms of communication organization and issues of managing business ecosystems based on them. The goal is to explain the concept of a “business ecosystem”, identify its main types and provide the most complete typology for today. The historical roots of the term “business ecosystem” are considered, the key characteristics of this business model are analyzed. The main types of ecosystems are identified, which are combined into a common classification model. The authors have identified three main blocks for transmitting information in the business ecosystem: a back office with its own services, a back office with third-party services, as well as a front office containing interfaces for interacting with consumers. All blocks are connected by a corporate bus, which acts as an integration mechanism for all services and applications of the business ecosystem. Special attention is paid to customer interaction through omnichannel – combining all communication channels of the business ecosystem into a single system. The formation of an effective communication system is aimed at creating an effective exchange of information between the partners of the business ecosystem and achieving its strategic goals. Digital communications allow companies to be more flexible, efficient and competitive in the market. The main advantages and disadvantages of the ecosystem model of development are highlighted. The study contains important information for companies that seek to increase their revenue by expanding the range of goods or services and providing maximum consumer value to their customers.
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Chelak, Igor. „The research tree of the innovation ecosystems“. SHS Web of Conferences 128 (2021): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112804019.
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Innovative ecosystems continue to expand in the socio-economic sphere. The relevance and timeliness of the topic of ecosystems, insufficient elaboration of theoretical issues, incomplete methodological validity, high practical significance of the problems of management of the development of innovative ecosystems led to the choice of the purpose of this work: the development of a tree of research of innovative ecosystems. On the basis of the Schumpeter approach to innovation as the fundamental conditions of entrepreneurial activity, a hierarchy of scientific developments concerning the understanding of the essence of ecosystems and their models is built. The conceptual foundations of the ecosystem approach, universal ecosystem models and the typology of stakeholder configurations of the considered type of communities are highlighted.
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Akberdina, V. V., und E. V. Vasilenko. „Basic Strategies for the Behaviour of Industry as a Participant in Regional Innovation Ecosystems“. AlterEconomics 20, Nr. 3 (2023): 548–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/altereconomics/2023.20-3.4.
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Contemporary industrial businesses operate in dynamic and complex environments, often constrained by the limitations of the existing tools and methodologies. This highlights the necessity for innovative approaches that promote economic growth and innovation, tailored to the unique characteristics of industrial enterprises and their operational contexts. This article explores the application of the ecosystem approach and the concept of industrial ecosystems to outline essential strategies for industry participation in regional innovation ecosystems. The primary objective of this study is to establish a typology of the core strategies for industry involvement in regional innovation ecosystems. Following a comprehensive review and categorization of literature in this field, the authors propose a typology comprising eight distinct strategies: “Orchestration”, “Affiliation”, “Innovative transformation”, “Digital transformation”, “Ecological transformation”, “HR-transformation”, “Ecosystem as a tool of state policy”, “Ecosystem as a tool of competition for industrial enterprise”. These strategies are organized based on three key criteria: the scale of the industrial enterprise; its objectives in the context of Industry 4.0 transformation; and the entity responsible for initiating the creation of the regional innovation ecosystem. This research offers valuable insights for scholars engaged in the study of ecosystems, the development of industrial enterprises, and regional growth. Additionally, these findings provide industrial enterprises with a guiding framework for strategic decision-making. Furthermore, this study contributes to the development of evidence-based approaches for state policies aimed at fostering regional development.
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Popov, E. V., V. L. Simonova und I. P. Chelak. „A typology of regional innovation ecosystem models“. Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 18, Nr. 7 (16.07.2020): 1336–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.18.7.1336.
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Subject. This article explores the economic and social relations regarding the formation and functioning of innovation ecosystems. Objectives. The article aims to develop a typology of models of regional innovation systems. Methods. For the study, we used a system logical analysis and simulation modeling. Results. The article presents an original typology of models of regional innovation ecosystems and basic tools for analyzing and modeling different ecosystems (classification criteria, groups). Conclusions. We propose to use these models for analytical developments, design, and description of various examples of the subject of research in the real world, in the activities of a wide range of socio-economic and political actors both within ecosystems and influencing their genesis from the outside.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Ecosystems typology"
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Могиленець, Тетяна Вікторівна, Татьяна Викторовна Могиленец und Tetiana Viktorivna Mohylenets. „A typology for the classification description and valuation of ecosystem services“. Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10070.
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The transition to sustainable development requires to pay more attention to the quality of life, people's welfare, as well as restoration of natural ecosystems and the services they provide, the quality of which in the past 50 years have substantially deteriorated as a result of the growth of human impact on the environment. According to this, the issues connected with the management of ecosystem services (eco-services) become more urgent. These issues are: eco-services and their functions assessment, formation of markets for eco-services, identifying potential consumers and sellers, implementation mechanisms and instruments of their compensation.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10070
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Ferchiche, Florian. „Dynamique de la composition de la matière organique particulaire à l’interface continent-océan“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0429.
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La matière organique particulaire (MOP) joue un rôle clef dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes constituant le continuum aquatique continent-océan. La MOP peut être composée de plusieurs sources produites in situ (phytoplancton, microphytobenthos, macroalgues) ou importées depuis les écosystèmes adjacents (MOP terrestre, MOP anthropique, phytoplancton fluvial, estuarien ou marin). Le long du continuum fluvio-estuarien, les proportions de chaque source dans la composition de la MOP varient au cours des saisons et entre les écosystèmes, fortement influencées par des processus environnementaux (ex. production primaire, sédimentation / remise en suspension, reminéralisation). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’améliorer (1) la caractérisation des signatures isotopiques et élémentaires des sources de MOP, (2) la quantification de la composition de la MOP provenant des fleuves et étant transformée dans les systèmes estuariens, (3) la description de la variabilité spatio-temporelle de la MOP et (4) la compréhension des forçages environnementaux à cette variabilité. Pour ce faire, la composition de la MOP a été estimée à l’aide de modèles de mélanges sur vingt-quatre systèmes fluvio-estuariens tempérés en utilisant les rapports isotopiques et élémentaires du carbone et de l’azote (δ13C, δ15N et C/N), ainsi que de l’hydrogène comme travail méthodologique prospectif (δ2Hn). La variabilité spatio-temporelle de chacune des sources de la MOP a ensuite été liée à des paramètres environnementaux à l’aide de statistiques multivariées pour en déterminer les forçages. Enfin, une comparaison des systèmes au regard de la dynamique de la composition de la MOP a été proposée. Quatre types ont été identifiés parmi les vingt-trois fleuves étudiés : (1) les fleuves à la MOP dominée par du matériel terrestre labile sur le cycle annuel, (2) les fleuves dont la MOP est composée de matériel terrestre labile et de phytoplancton, avec une saisonnalité marquée due à des efflorescences saisonnières ou bien (3) sans saisonnalité marquée, et enfin (4) les fleuves à la MOP composée de MOP terrestre labile, réfractaire et de phytoplancton, en lien avec des conditions saisonnières contrastées. Les cinq estuaires étudiés présentent des dynamiques de compositions de MOP contrastées. Dans l’Elorn et la Leyre la MOP fluviale est remplacée aux faibles salinités par du phytoplancton produit dans l’estuaire toute l’année. L’Aulne fonctionne de manière similaire mais transporte plus en aval la MOP fluviale dans des conditions hivernales. L’estuaire de la Loire présente une MOP composée uniquement de MOP autotrophe, vivante au printemps ou dégradée en hiver. Enfin, l’estuaire de la Gironde présente une MOP dominée par du matériel terrestre réfractaire sur tout le cycle annuel. Le long du continuum fluvio-estuarien, la MOP fluviale présente une composition et une dynamique spatio-temporelle contrastée. Cette MOP apportée par les fleuves voit sa composition ensuite transformée le long de l’estuaire sous une forme réfractaire par dégradation et/ou est additionnée de MOP vivante autotrophe produite in situParticulate organic matter (POM) plays a key role in the functioning of the ecosystems of the continent-ocean aquatic continuum. POM can be composed of several sources produced in situ (phytoplankton, microphytobenthos, macroalgae) or imported from adjacent ecosystems (terrestrial POM, anthropogenic POM, river, estuarine or marine phytoplankton). Along the fluvial-estuarine continuum, the contribution of each source to the composition of POM varies seasonally and between ecosystems and is strongly influenced by environmental processes (e.g., primary production, deposition-resuspension, remineralisation). This thesis aims to improve (1) the characterisation of the isotopic and elemental signatures of POM sources, (2) the quantification of the composition of POM originating from rivers and being transformed in estuarine systems, (3) the description of the spatiotemporal variability of POM and (4) the understanding of the environmental forcings of this variability. To this end, the composition of POM was estimated using mixing models over twenty-four temperate fluvial-estuarine systems using isotopic and elemental ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C, δ15N and C/N), as well as hydrogen as prospective methodological work (δ2Hn). The spatiotemporal variability of each of the POM sources was then linked to environmental parameters using multivariate statistics to determine their forcings. Finally, a comparison of systems based on the dynamics of POM composition was proposed. Four types were identified among the twenty-three rivers studied: (1) rivers with POM dominated by labile terrestrial material over the annual cycle, (2) rivers with POM composed of labile terrestrial material and phytoplankton, with marked seasonality due to seasonal blooms or (3) with no marked seasonality, and finally (4) rivers with POM composed of labile terrestrial POM, refractory POM and phytoplankton, linked to contrasting seasonal conditions. The five estuaries studied showed contrasting dynamics in terms of POM composition. In the Elorn and Leyre, riverine POM is replaced at low salinity by phytoplankton produced in the estuary throughout the year. The Aulne functioning is similar but there is a transport of riverine POM further downstream during winter. The Loire estuary POM is composed solely of autotrophic POM, alive in spring or degraded in winter. Finally, the Gironde estuary POM is dominated by refractory terrestrial material throughout the annual cycle. Along the fluvial-estuarine continuum, the fluvial POM has a contrasting composition and spatio-temporal dynamics. The composition of this river-borne POM is then transformed along the estuary into a refractory form by degradation and/or is supplemented by autotrophic living POM produced in situ
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Kim, Gunwoo. „Reimaging vacant urban land as green infrastructure: Assessing vacant urban land ecosystem services and planning strategies for the City of Roanoke, Virginia“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73237.
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A typology of urban vacant land was developed using Roanoke, Virginia, as the study area. Because of its industrial past, topography and climate, Roanoke provides a range of vacant land types typical of those in many areas of the Mid-Atlantic, Eastern and Midwestern United States. A comprehensive literature review, field measurements and observations analysis and aerial photo interpretation and ground-truthing methods were utilized to identify and catalog vacant parcels of land and the results were mapped using i-Tree Canopy to identify the following types of urban vacant land: post-industrial (3.34 km2), derelict (4.01 km2), unattended with vegetation (17.3 km2), natural (2.78 km2), and transportation-related (5.01 km2). Unattended with vegetation sites are important resources as the health biodiversity found in natural sites benefits urban populations and they represent the highest plantable space. The redesign of post-industrial sites builds a city's image and transportation-related sites can contribute a green infrastructure network of open spaces. This typological study has significant implications for policy development, and for planners and designers seeking the best use for vacant urban land.
The analysis of Roanoke's urban forest revealed around 210,000 trees on vacant land, a tree cover of 30.6%. These trees store about 107,000 tons of carbon (worth $7.65 million) and remove about 2,300 tons of carbon ($164,000), and about 91 tons of air pollution ($916,000) every year, which is high relative to other land uses. Trees on vacant land are estimated to reduce annual residential energy costs by $211,000 for the city's 97,000 residents and their structural value is estimated at $169 million. The methodology applied to assess ecosystem services in this study can also be used to assess ecosystem services of vacant land in other urban contexts and improve urban forest policies, planning, and the management of vacant land. The study findings support the inclusion of trees on vacant land providing a new vision of vacant urban land as a valuable ecological resource by demonstrating how green infrastructure can be used to enhance ecosystem health and promote a better quality of life for city residents.Ph. D.
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Seugé, Caroline. „Les structures biogéniques de termites et de vers dans un ecosystème sub-sahélien : quantification et typologie“. Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120017.
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Les principaux objectifs de cette étude ont consisté à déterminer les modifications du sol induites par les structures biogéniques de vers de terre et de termites et à évaluer les conséquences de ces modifications sur le compartiment microbien du sol. Les structures de surface temporaires étudiées sont les turricules de vers de terre et les constructions de récolte de trois espèces de termites (A. Guineensis, O. Nilensis et M. Subhyalinus). La première partie de ce travail a permis de définir l'importance quantitative et la répartition spatio-temporelle des structures biogéniques dans un verger de la ville de Thiès (Sénégal). Cette étude, en tenant compte à la fois de l'hétérogénéité spatiale et temporelle de la parcelle, a permis de montrer que la végétation a un impact indirect sur la présence de turricules et un effet direct sur la distribution des structures de termites. La deuxième partie de ce travail a permis d'établir une typologie fonctionnelle des structures biogéniques à travers la comparaison des propriétés physico-chimiques, microbiologiques et enzymatiques des structures et des sols. Les remaniements physico-chimiques, mis en évidence dans les structures biogéniques, entraînent des modifications de la composition de la microflore. La comparaison des communautés bactériennes des différents échantillons par la biologie moléculaire a mis en évidence que les vers modifient davantage les proportions relatives des populations bactériennes alors que les termites en modifient plus profondément la structure. En conclusion, cette étude fait apparaître un ralentissement de la minéralisation dans les structures biogéniques, elles sont donc des micro-sites où la matière organique est stockée. . .
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Manfron, G. „ANALYSIS OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS EXPLOITING OPTICAL SATELLITE DATA TIME SERIES: THE CASE STUDY OF CAMARGUE REGION, FRANCE“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347538.
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The research activities presented in this manuscript were conducted in the frame of the international project SCENARICE, whose aim is to demonstrate the contribution of different technical and scientific competences, to assess current characteristics of analyzed cropping systems and to define sustainable future agricultural scenarios. Dynamic simulation crop models are used to evaluate the efficiency of current cropping systems and to predict their performances as consequence of climate change scenarios. In this context, a lack of information regarding the intra- and inter-annual variability of crop practices was highlighted for crops such as winter wheat, for the study area of Camargue. Moreover, a description of possible future cropping systems adaptation strategies was needed to formulate short term scenario farming system assessment. To perform this analysis it is fundamental to identify the different farm typologies representing the study area.
Since it was required to take into account inter-annual variability of crop practices and farm diversities to build farm typologies, representative data of the study region in both time and space were needed.
To address this issue, in this work long term time series of satellite data (2003-2013) were exploited with the specific aims to: (i) provide winter wheat sowing dates estimations variability on a long term period (11 years) to contribute in base line scenario definition and (ii) reconstruct farms land use changes through the analysis of time series of satellite data to provide helpful information for farm typologies definition.
Two main research activities were carried out to address the defined objectives. Firstly a rule-based methodology was developed to automatically identify winter wheat cultivated areas in order to retrieve crop sowing occurrences in the satellite time series. Detection criteria were derived on the basis of agronomic expert knowledge and by interpretation of high confidence temporal signature. The distinction of winter wheat from other crops was based on the individuation of the crop heading and establishment periods and considering the length of the crop cycle. The detection of winter wheat cultivated areas showed that 56% of the target in the study area was correctly detected with low commissions (11%). Once winter wheat area was detected, additional rules were designed to identify sowing dates. The method was able to capture the seasonal variability of sowing dates with errors of ±8 and ±16 days in 45% and 65% of cases respectively. Extending the analysis to the 11 years period it was observed that in Camargue the most frequent sowing period was about October 31th (±4 days of uncertainty). The 2004 and 2006 seasons showed early sowings (late September) the 2003 and 2008 seasons were slightly delayed at the beginning of November. Sowing dates were not correlated to the seasonal rainfall events; this led us to formulate the hypothesis that sowing dates could be much more influenced by the harvest date of the preceding crop and soil moisture, which are related to rains but also to the date of last irrigations and to the wind.
The second activity was related to define farm typologies. Temporal trajectories of winter and summer crops cultivated areas were estimated at farm scale level based on satellite data time series in the 2003-2013 periods. The validation demonstrated that the method was able to produce maps with high overall accuracy (OA 92%) and very low commission errors (3% for summer crops and 7% for winter crops). Omission errors were very low for summer crops (3%) and higher but within an acceptable level for winter crops (31%). Temporal trajectories of annual winter and summer crop land use at farm level were assumed as indicators of farm management (e.g. intensive monoculture farm or diversified crop producer). Trajectories were analysed through a hierarchical clustering procedure to identify farm management typologies. We were able to identify six typologies out of 140 farm samples, covering 75% of the arable land in the study area. A semantic interpretation of the farm types, allowed formulating hypothesis to describe farming systems. The size of the farms seemed to be an explanatory variable of the intensive or extensive farm management.
The two main activities presented in this thesis highlighted the importance of time series spatial and temporal resolution for crop monitoring purposes. Currently, only heterogeneous remotely sensed data in terms of spatial and temporal resolutions are available for agricultural monitoring. Forthcoming sensors (i.e. ESA Sentinel-II A/B) will offer the chance to exploit coexisting high spatial and temporal resolutions for the first time.
A preliminary application of an innovative methodology for the fusion of heterogeneous spatio-temporal resolution remotely sensed datasets was provided in the final section of the thesis with the aim to (i) produce high spatio-temporal resolution time series and (ii) verify the quality and the usefulness of the generated time series for monitoring the main European cultivated crops. The experiment positively demonstrated the contribution of data fusion techniques for the production of time series at high space-time resolution for crop monitoring purposes. The application of data fusion techniques in the main methodologies presented in this work appears to be beneficial.
To conclude this thesis framework, satellite remotely sensed data properly analyzed has shown to be a reliable tool to study large-scale crop cultivations and to retrieve spatially and temporally distributed information of cropping systems. Remote sensing time series analyses lead to highlight patterns of intra- and inter-annual dynamics of agro-practices and were also useful to define farm typologies based on multi-temporal land use trajectories. Results contribute in enriching the studies and the characterization of the Camargue study area, in particular providing information such as sowing dates that are not available at present for the considered study area and represent a step forward in respect to the actual (static) available crop calendar informations. Moreover, the achieved results provide supplementary information layers for summarize and classify the diversity of the farm in the study area and to characterize farming systems.
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Naidoo, Purll. „Redefining South African Government School Typologies to Encourage Lifelong Learning Potential“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78529.
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This document serves as a mini dissertation in the professional Master of Architecture degree in the Department of Architecture at the University of Pretoria. It focuses on the educational ecosystem within the context of South Africa, with emphasis placed on the economically distressed environment of Mamelodi East. Mamelodi is a township situated in the north east of the City of Tshwane, Gauteng. Due to the location of the University of Pretoria’s Mamelodi Campus, this area has been a study of investigation for many faculties over the years.
The spatial consequences of architecture on the educational ecosystem are questioned, with focus placed on the shift in the learning environment towards lifelong learning. The dissertation deals with this concept from the perspective of the holistic development of a person through the qualitative social activities of learning. Lifelong learning is explored throughout the dissertation from a spatial and non-spatial point of view. The spatial conversation deals with the intersection between architecture and education, whilst the non-spatial conversation advocates for a relationship between a community and its school, as integral in achieving lifelong learning.
The study is grounded in a typological understanding of the schooling environment that arises as a result of South African educational policy documents. A critical stance is taken where the resulting school typology is challenged in relation to context. The intention is to redefine the current teacher-centric classroom and corridor typology. It is proposed that the schooling environment should be publicly redefined and serve as a support structure within its context, instead of isolating the educational experience. This is explored through the concepts of building as a boundary and building for pedagogy with the resulting development of a spatial matrix to provide architectural definition to South African educational policy.
Tsako Thabo Secondary School was used as a case study school for the application of the matrix principles, however it is intended that these principles could be applied to other schools within similar contexts and typologies to achieve lifelong learning potential.
Both the research and design process of the dissertation has been directed through the lens of Participatory Action Research (PAR) involving co-design and spatial agency theories. Particular focus within the co-design process was given to the development of design games as a mediation tool. An intimate use of both analogue and digital design games has been applied throughout.Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Departmental National Research Foundation (NRF) project titled, Stitching the city: From micro-data to macro-views (STINT), aimed at establishing a “transdisciplinary collaboration” to develop a “methodological framework and digital platform for the collection, storage, and sharing of spatial, socio-economic data at a street and precinct level” (Roussou, Brandao, Adelfio & Thuvander 2019). The STINT project was a collaborative effort between the University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa (Departments of Architecture and GeoInformatics) and Chalmers University in Gothenburg, Sweden (Department of Architecture) from 2019 to 2020. In particular, the collaboration was between the Unit for Urban Citizenship (UUC) and the Social Inclusion Studio (SIS) from Chalmers University’s architecture department.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
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Reckin, Rachel Jean. „Mountains as crossroads : temporal and spatial patterns of high elevation activity in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, USA“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278102.
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In the archaeological literature, mountains are often portrayed as the boundaries between inhabited spaces. Yet occupying high elevations may have been an adaptive choice for ancient peoples, as rapidly changing elevations also offer variation in climate and resources over a relatively small area. So what happens, instead, if we put mountain landscapes at the center of our analyses of prehistoric seasonal rounds and ecological adaptation? This Ph.D. argues that, in order to understand any landscape that includes mountains, from the Alps to the Andes, one must include the ecology and archaeology of the highest elevations. Specifically, I base my findings on new fieldwork and lithic collections from the Absaroka and Beartooth Mountains in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) of the Rocky Mountains, which was a vital crossroads of prehistoric cultures for more than 11,000 years. I include five interlocking analyses. First, I consider the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on high elevation cultural resources, focusing on the diminishing resiliency of ancient high elevation ice patches and the loss of the organic artifacts and paleobiological materials they contain. Second, I create a dichotomous key for chronologically typing projectile points, suggesting a methodological improvement for typological dating in the GYE and for surface archaeology more broadly. Third, I use obsidian source data to consider whether mountain people were a single, unified group or were represented by a variety of peoples with different zones of land tenure. Fourth, I consider high elevation occupation in both mountain ranges as part of the seasonal round, using indices of diversity in tool types and raw material to study how the duration of those occupations changed through time. And, finally, I test the common contention that ancient people primarily used mountains as refugia from extreme climatic pressure at lower elevations. Ultimately, I find that, in both mountain ranges, increased high elevation activity is most highly correlated with increased population, not with hot, dry climatic conditions. In other words, the mountains were more than simply refugia for plains or basin people to occupy when pressured by climatic hardship. In addition, between the Absarokas and the Beartooths the evidence suggests two different patterns of occupation, not a monolithic pan-mountain adaptation. These results demonstrate the potential contributions of surface archaeology to our understanding of prehistory, and have important implications for the way we think about mountain landscapes as peopled spaces in relation to adjacent lower-elevation areas.
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Cherpeau, Aline. „Télédétection et agroécologie : un essai de cartographie destinée à la gestion des milieux herbacés de haute montagne : application au Parc national des Ecrins“. Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10106.
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Les espaces proteges francais (parcs nationaux) sont demandeurs de methode d'inventaire des milieux naturels sur de grandes superficies (superieures a 50 000 ha) pour, notamment, gerer les alpages. L'objectif de cette these est de rechercher une methode de cartographie des milieux naturels du parc national des ecrins par teledetection. L'application s'interesse essentiellement a discriminer les formes vegetales du domaine supraforestier sur des images satellitaires spot et landsat tm. La demarche est basee sur une double approche: 1/ agroecologie pour une description precise des espaces pastoraux, 2/ teledetection pour les identifier de maniere spatiale. Les descripteurs communs a ces deux entrees portent sur la physionomie de la vegetation. Il en resulte une typologie physionomique (14 types), spatialisee par les techniques de classification dirigee. Sur les images classees obtenues par pixel, dont on analyse l'heterogeneite spatiale et thematique, on procede a un decoupage de l'espace en unites physionomiques. Les traitements en zone a fortes contraintes (relief marque et mosaique de vegetation) necessitent des corrections geometriques prealables (precision de 1 a 2 pixels) et plusieurs etapes de controles pour verifier leur pertinence ecologique et proposer une validation quantifiee des resultats (environ 70% de correspondances satisfaisantes entre les unites cartographiees et la realite de terrain). Ces resultats permettent de repondre a des besoins de cartographie ecologique a moyenne echelle (1:25 000, correspondances avec les nomenclatures europeennes). Obtenus sur les ecrins, ils contribuent a enrichir la reflexion methodologique en proposant des traitements d'images adaptes aux zones heterogenes de montagne (emploi de descripteurs physionomiques) et une demarche reproductible (double approche construite avec un modele ecologique et un outil de spatialisation de l'information)
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Doherty, Kathleen. „Urban Agriculture and Ecosystem Services: A Typology and Toolkit for Planners“. 2015. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/269.
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This thesis makes the connection between urban agriculture and a specific suite of ecosystem services and lays out a typology and toolkit for planners to take advantage of these ecosystem services. The services investigated here are: food production, water management, soil health, biodiversity, climate mitigation, and community development benefits. Research from a variety of fields was aggregated and synthesized to prove that urban agriculture can be beneficial for human as well as environmental health.
A set of urban agriculture typologies was generated to illustrate best practices to maximize a particular set of ecosystem services. The typologies are: production farm, stormwater garden, soil-building garden, habitat garden, climate mitigation farm, cultural/educational garden, and ecosystem garden. Each typology was paired with a precedent study to demonstrate how that typology might be realized in the real world.
Finally, a toolkit for planners was assembled to demonstrate some tools and techniques that planners might use to implement urban agriculture as a strategy for providing ecosystem services. Planners can utilize the toolkit to insert themselves into the urban ecosystem at multiple scales in a creative way to apply best practices and urban agriculture typologies in order to take advantage of the multiple benefits of urban agriculture.
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Spustová, Kateřina. „Definování základních typů sociálně-ekologických krajin v České republice v kontextu poskytovaných ekosystémových služeb“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367568.
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Current approaches of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems and ecosystem services are within the scope of this master's thesis. The aim of the thesis is, on the basis of current landscape classifications, landscape typologies, and their combination with approaches of ecosystem services classification, to appoint socio-ecological units as functional socio-ecological types of the territory. In other words, on the basis of classification listed, this thesis attempts to prove, that socio-ecological units are functional socio-ecological types of the territory, which should be given proper attention. Socio-ecological landscapes are defined according to degree of anthropogenic impact, selected socioeconomic characteristics, and selected ecosystem services. The thesis focuses on three of four categories of ecosystem services defined in Millennium Ecosystem Assessment - provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services. As a methodology, the quantitative research was chosen. The research was carried out by data collection and the analysis of statistical data of Czech Statistical Office, Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre, and Statistical Yearbook of Soil Services. The thesis main finding is that social and ecological components of socio-ecological systems are in mutual...
Bücher zum Thema "Ecosystems typology"
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Popov, Evgeniy, Viktoriya Simonova, Igor' Chelak, Pavel Minakir und Boris Porfir'ev. The company's ecosystem. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1864513.
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The monograph is devoted to modeling the ecosystem of the company. The influence of social networks on the development of business processes is shown, the principles of the use of new digital communication technologies are given and the drivers of the economy in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic are substantiated. The structure of industrial ecosystems in the digital economy is given, the economic effects of digitalization of inter-firm interactions are discussed, the idea of the network potential of a firm in the conditions of digitalization of economic activity is substantiated. The application of digital platforms as the basis for the functioning of economic ecosystems is considered. The possibilities of assessing the development of innovative ecosystems and the typology of their models are given. The factor model of the economic ecosystem is considered. The stakeholder model of the ecosystem and its analytical model are described. The differentiation of stakeholders' impact on ecosystem institutions and the difference in the levels of interaction between the core of the system and stakeholders are discussed. The principles and ideas of the theory of ecosystem analysis are presented.
It is addressed to researchers and university professors specializing in the fields of economic theory, institutional economics, regional economics, microeconomics and minieconomics.
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British Columbia. Ministry of Environment. Field manual for describing terrestrial ecosystems. 2. Aufl. Victoria: B.C. Ministry of Forests and Range, 2010.
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Del Favero, R., O. Andrich, G. De Mas, C. Lasen, L. Poldini und C. Urbinati. „Woodland Vegetation of Veneto — Prodromes of Forest Typology“. In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 898–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_213.
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Stracke, Christian M., Aras Bozkurt und Daniel Burgos. „Typologies of (Open) Online Courses and Their Dimensions, Characteristics and Relationships with Distributed Learning Ecosystems, Open Educational Resources, and Massive Open Online Courses“. In Distributed Learning Ecosystems, 71–95. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_5.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses the different typologies of online courses. First, we start with a reflection about the key terms of online learning, online courses, and distributed learning ecosystems (DLE). In our literature review, we cannot identify any existing typology framework for online courses. Consequently, we analyse and compare dimensions and categories of online courses from different sources: first, from the collected publications and studies identified in our literature review, second, from the current practices and platforms for online courses, and third, from standards for online courses, including the first international quality norm for online learning ISO/IEC 40180. As our key result, a framework proposal for the different typologies of online courses is developed based on these discussions and a comparison of several dimensions. The integration of our comparison results leads to the Typologies of Online Courses (TOC) framework with eight dimensions. The aim of the TOC framework is two-fold. First, it should support designers in the design, quality development, and evaluation of online courses. Second, it should enable learners to differentiate online courses according to the dimensions of these courses in comparison with their own preferences and demands. In the conclusion, an outlook on future research needs is provided. Finally, we come full circle and briefly discuss how (open) online courses and especially the two currently most important types, namely, Open Educational Resources (OER) and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), can contribute to DLE and to addressing the general need for (equity and collaborative) education for all.
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Ombredane, Dominique, J. Haury und P. M. Chapon. „Heterogeneity and typology of fish habitat in the main stream of a Breton coastal river (Elorn-Finistère, France)“. In Space Partition within Aquatic Ecosystems, 259–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0293-3_23.
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Fidalgo-Blanco, Ángel, María Luisa Sein-Echaluce, Ana María Balbín und Francisco José García-Peñalvo. „Typology of Processes in the Shared Leadership of Academic Work Teams“. In Proceedings TEEM 2022: Tenth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, 1025–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0942-1_108.
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Whiteman, Mark, Bryan Wheeler, Sue Shaw, Tim Lewis, Mark Grout und Kathryn Tanner. „Use of WETMECs Typology to Aid Understanding of Groundwater-Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems in England and Wales“. In Groundwater Monitoring, 259–72. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470749685.ch17.
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Boual, Jean-Claude, und Cathy Zadra-Veil. „New hybrid organizations in the social and solidarity economy in France“. In Providing public goods and commons, 265–81. Liège: CIRIEC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.css1chap13.
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This chapter investigates different new hybrid organizations like the public-private partnership in the social and solidarity economy. Different innovations are shaking the traditional borders between the economic actors, the public, the private, the profit and non-profit sectors. New form of firms emerges with several shareholders and mixed economic structure. A financial mechanism, the Social Impact Bonds, is also supported by French public authorities. New hybrid forms of innovation like Living Labs are defined as user-centered, open innovation ecosystems based on systematic user co-creation approach, where different partners (public, private…) cocreate a common solution and common value. These different forms share as common aim the general interest and better social results. The issue of governance is central to guarantee the general interest and the Commons, namely having rules and actors governing the commons together with democratic and shared participation. Thanks to a clearly shared and collaborative (Ostrom, 1990) governance, these new hybrid forms also allow for a better stimulation of the economic, social and territorial dimensions within the innovation framework. We define a new cooperative mode of governance, which completes the hybrid arrangements typology of Oliver Williamson (1991). The Living Lab example is in the line of Elinor Ostrom; it allows going beyond the tragedy of the commons. The individual interest hands over to common value. The emerging governance model is based on citizens’ involvement and guarantees success and protection of the commons.
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Groen, Kees L. G., und Frans Klijn. „The ecotope system, an ecosystem typology focusing on vegetation“. In Ecological Indicators, 1532. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4661-0_61.
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Ritala, Paavo, und Marin Jovanovic. „Platformizers, Orchestrators, and Guardians: Three Types of B2B Platform Business Models“. In Business Model Innovation, 91–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57511-2_4.
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AbstractThis chapter develops a typology of B2B platform business models. B2B platforms can be divided into three types depending on the nature of the platform market structures they enable. (1) The product-service platformizer business model creates a platform-like interface on top of a product or service and helps bring in externally-provided production-side complements to join the focal firm’s value proposition. (2) The platform ecosystem orchestrator opens a multi-sided market on top of a B2B product-service value proposition and enables customers to select complements from an ecosystem. (3) The platform market guardian creates an open or semi-open platform marketplace for other B2B firms to transact products or services. For each type, we discuss and illustrate the B2B firm’s value creation and capture logic, platform governance, and platform architecture characteristics.
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Perez-Vega, Rodrigo, und Cristina Miguel. „Time Banks in the United Kingdom: An Examination of the Evolution“. In The Sharing Economy in Europe, 325–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86897-0_15.
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AbstractTime banks allow people to exchange and trade their skills; an hour for an hour. Today the United Kingdom (UK) has built a diverse ecosystem around times and skills sharing of both generic (e.g., TimeBanking UK, Communities Together) and specialist skills (e.g., Frontline19). This chapter defines the main characteristics and benefits of time banks. It also provides a typology of platforms that can be found in the UK based on the types of transactions and the types of assets being exchanged. The chapter analyses the evolution of time banks in the UK and how the COVID-19 pandemic has fostered the development of new initiatives. Finally, the chapter also includes a discussion of the attempts to measure the economic and social impact of time banks.
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„Typology of groundwater-surface water interaction (GSI typology) – with new developments and case study supporting implementation“. In Groundwater and Ecosystems, 113–30. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15003-14.
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Elobaid, Elnaim, Bruno Welter Giraldes, Hamad Al-Kuwari, Jassim Al-Khayat, Fadhil Sadooni und Ekhlas Elbary. „Towards Sustainable Management of Coastal and Offshore Islands in Arabian Gulf Typology: Sensitivity Analysis, Ecological Risk Assessment of Halul and Al-Alyia Islands“. In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0035.
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The great majority of marine ecosystems in Qatar are in fast decline and nearing collapse, where most ecosystem has lost the biological and economic functionality. Aiming to support the decision makers in the management and restoration strategies for recovering the biological and economic functionality of the ecosystems/natural resources of Qatar, we conducted 1) a typology mapping of the main components of the ecosystem of two islands, 2) a sensitivity and vulnerability assessment according to the known guidelines and standards. Highlighting the potential ecological risk and required recommendations for sustainable management plans, within the frame of Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030). The Islands present different anthropogenic pressure. As expected, Al Alyia the coastal Island is under real risk, with critical areas of sensibility but still presenting a potential for recovering its economy and ecological functionality, highlighting the collapsed stage of the very sensitive coral reefs, the vulnerability of oyster beds and seagrass and the functionality of the mangrove (expanding) and Sabha with massive birds nesting. The offshore Island Halul presented in the typology mapping the coral reefs as the main ecosystem but with the presence of seagrass, algae bed, sandy beach, and Sabha. The coral reef still presents a certain functionality, with corals covering several hard substrates, however with high sensitivity and high vulnerability, especially the coral in the shallow areas with scattered colonies, and the vulnerable nesting of marine turtles on beaches. As the management, we recommend increasing the restoration effort of targeted ecosystems, mainly involving coral reefs for increasing the marine biodiversity in general and restoring the oyster beds for recovering the filtration service. Strategies must be made for recovering the ecosystems’ functionality and restore the productivity of the Qatari fishing stock. We recommend applying this mapping method and sensitivity classification for all marine areas around Qatar for supporting the management plans.
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Badylevich, Roman V. „Typology of Arctic Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation by Development Level of Regional Financial Systems“. In International Scientific and Practical Conference Strategy of Development of Regional Ecosystems “Education-Science-Industry” (ISPCR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220208.090.
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