Dissertationen zum Thema „Économie du travail – Pérou“
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Buller, Vizcarra Carlos. „L' économie du vin à Arequipa : les vallées de Vitor, Majes et Moquegua entre 1770 et 1850“. Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe curve showing the output of wine, the main agricultural product in the Vitor, Majes and Moquegua Valleys in c. 1770-1850, is here studied based on the documentation derived from the tithes paid in Arequipa. The curve show the expansion in the output ofwine unti11816, when the sector began its final decline due to the collapse of the commercial networks brought about by the independence of Peru. The dissertation likewise studies the price and commercialisation of wine, similar staples (wheat, maize, potatoes) as well as the local, regional and global historical contexts
Bojorquez, Renan. „La décentralisation dans une économie en voie de développement : le cas du Pérou“. Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRosas, Shady Gerardo David. „Qualité de l'emploi, dynamique sur le marché du travail et inégalité d'opportunités : le cas du Pérou“. Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePasquier, Thomas. „L' économie du contrat de travail“. Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Economy’s contract is a promising concept. It enables one to conceive of the contract as more than a set of mutually binding obligations. It is also a global operation driven by finality. The study of this notion regarding employment contract reveals its uniqueness. In regards to French law, the contract’s main purpose is to protect the employee. This protection is mainly set by imperative statutes; foremost, it results from the economy of the employment contract by which risks are to be supported by the employer, as a counterpart of the management power he is granted. Thus the protection that employees benefit from can be construed as the consequence that ensues from the allocation of risks to the employer. Such is the definition of the economy of the employment contract set forth in this study. The notion plays a great role in asserting the existence of an employment contract: what differentiates the independent contractor from the employee is that the former supports the economical risks of his activity, contrary to the latter. The notion also serves to identify the employer’s duties towards its employees: he is contractually bound to ensure their security, as the management power is vested in him. Finally, the notion may account for the evolution of many work-for-other schemes and more precisely, how legislation granted certain employee benefits to independent contractors. In return, the notion seems to have been affected by evolution: within labor law, the employer’s management power seems less accountable for certain work related risks. Consequently, the employee’s protection correlates less to its submission toward the employer
Trako, Iva. „Essays on Development Economics“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChapter 1 evaluates the impact of a policy intervention in Peru aimed at improving access to justice and reducing violence against women. In many developing countries, access to justice remains unequal, especially for women. What are the implications of this inequality for gender-based violence, intra-household bargaining, and investment in children? This paper provides evidence from Peru on all-women's justice centers (WJCs), specialized institutions that mostly employ female officers and provide police and legal services to reduce gender-based violence. Examining the gradual rollout of WJCs across districts/ villages, we find that the opening of a center increases reporting of gender-specific crimes by 40% and reduces the incidence of gender-based violence measured by domestic violence, femicides and hospitalizations due to mental health by about 10%. We find, moreover, that a decrease in the exposure of women to violence has intergenerational effects: WJCs substantially increase human capital investments in children, raising enrollment, attendance, and test scores. These results are consistent with a bargaining model in which women's access to justice determines the threat point. Chapter 2 examines the effect of fertility on labor supply decisions of Albanian parents, with particular attention to the intervening role of childcare provided by grandparents in extended families. In order to address the potential endogeneity in the fertility decision, I exploit Albanian parental preference for having sons combined with the sibling’s sex-composition instrument as an exogenous source of variation. Using a repeated cross-section of parents with at least two children, I find a positive and statistically significant effect of fertility on parental labor supply for those parents who are more likely to be younger, less educated or live in extended families. In particular, IV estimates for mothers show that they increase labor supply, especially in terms of hours worked per week and the likelihood of working off-farm. Similarly, father’s likelihood of working off-farm and having a second occupation increase as a consequence of further childbearing. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that this positive effect might be the result of two plausible mechanisms: childcare provided by non-parental adults in extended families and greater financial costs of maintaining more children. Chapter 3 analyzes the effect of forced displacement on adult’s labor market outcomes and children’s schooling in the context of the post-war Kosovo. This chapter uses the 1998-1999 Kosovo war and the following massive displacement of people as a natural experiment in order to estimate the impact of conflict displacement on Kosovars that left and decided to come back relative to those who stayed in the province. I exploit the interaction of the spatial variation in conflict intensity -as measured by casualties and bombings- and distance to the Albanian border as a source of exogenous variation in the displacement status. Results indicate that displaced Kosovar men are less likely to be employed in the agricultural sector and to work on their own account, while displaced Kosovar women are more likely to be inactive. Loss of assets (e.g. land, livestock) in an agrarian skill-based economy and also loss of social networks in an informal labor market might have further decreased the probability to find employment relative to stayers. However, shortly after the return home, the results also indicate that displaced Kosovar men and women are more likely to be working off-farm, especially in the construction and public administration sectors, which indicates a relatively quick recovery. In addition, displaced Kosovar girls are more likely to be enrolled in primary school, but I find no effect on education for boys. The refugee camp experience might have provided better conditions to young Kosovar girls compared to the precarious pre-war “parallel" education system
Pochet, Buttin Christine. „Le fonctionnement réel du marché du travail“. Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow does the labor market actually works ? The labor market is nowadays characterized by a high rigidity of wages, which decrease very little even when the supply of labor is high. Thus, this renewed study of the labor market will mainly rely on the analysis of quantity adjustments. First, the concept of labor market is abandonned and the concept of qualification market is ontroduced. Labor is no longer considered as a homogeneous factor, as in the classical theory. This work will demonstrate that qualified labor is exchanged on the labor market i. E labor which is characterized by skills required for a job or mastered by an applicant. This market place will be called the qualification market. Then, this work will analyse how the qualification market actually works. A short-term attitude of business firms will be to take advantage of the flexibility of every employee's qualification (by in-house training) to fit the requirements of production. This phenomenom is particularly obvious at the level of local labor markets. In the long run, technical innovations and the differential development of
Sen, Ananya. „Essais en économie des médias“. Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis consists of three independent and self-contained chapters, all of which have the economics of the media or the internet as the common unifying theme. In Chapter I, we ask whether new technologies change the way political markets work in a democracy. We study the impact of adopting a new technology on campaign contributions received by candidates running for the U.S. Congress. To identify the causal impact of joining Twitter, we com- pare donations just before and just after politicians open an account in regions with high and low levels of Twitter penetration, controlling for politician-month fixed effects. We estimate that opening a Twitter account amounts to an increase of at least 2-3% in donations per campaign. Moreover, this effect holds only for inexperienced politicians who have never been elected to the Congress before. Placebo checks suggest that this impact is not driven by concurrent increase in information about these politicians in newspapers or blogs, TV ads, or campaign expenditures. The gain from opening a Twitter account is stronger for donations coming from new as opposed to repeat donors, for politicians who tweet more informatively, and for politicians from regions with lower newspaper circulation. Overall, our findings suggest that a new communication technology can lower the barriers to entry in political contests by increasing new politicians' opportunities of informing voters and fund-raising. In Chapter II, we ask if clicks received by news stories online, independent of story quality, influence the way editors allocate resources to them, and if so, how? Using a unique online news dataset from a large Indian English daily newspaper, we provide evidence that editors expand coverage of stories which receive more clicks initially. To establish a causal link between clicks and coverage, we use a novel instrumental variables strategy exploiting rainfall and power outages as exogenous shocks to reader access to online news. We find that the newspaper responds asymmetrically to clicks received by hard and soft news stories, giving additional coverage only to popular hard ones providing evidence for hard news crowding out soft news and not vice-versa. Finally, we relate our results to rm strategy and the challenge rms face in handling `big data'. In Chapter III, we examine whether a technology, such as the internet, which increases the set of products available to decision makers, may make the decision makers worse off. We build a model where there is product heterogeneity and decision makers can choose to screen products at a cost. In equilibrium, an increase in the choice set can lower a decision maker's payoff by raising the number of products which, on average, are of lower quality than those which were available earlier. An additional product can impose a negative externality on the decision maker by adversely a effecting the statistical quality of its existing product pool. We discuss applications to the phenomenon of attention congestion through advances in digital technology
Gaspar, Jean-François. „Ethnographie du travail social : une économie des biens symboliques“. Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow make the social workers (very mainly women), ''to like", in the exercise of testing professions, but little valued socially and economically, little recognized academically and scientifically? Led in a city of average importance marked by the deindustrialization in one of the former Walloon mineral fields, an ethnographical inquiry allowed to bring to light principles appropriate for the symbolic economy in the universe of the social work. Take seriously "their reasons for being" led to be interested in their practices (often tacit because considered coarse), in their expectations, in their symbolic remunerations under ail their forms. Three poles were identified in the space of the social work. Ln their presentation of themselves as in their practices, the clinical social workers advance their "will" to work "beyond the demand of the user" "to relieve of his suffering". They so appear as first-line agents of what Didier Fassin names "the compassionnel treatment of the social question". The militant social workers advance their humanist or political reading of the world and their "will of social change" that they try to relate to their practices and talk in front of particular social situations of the users. The normative social workers consider their work as "a work as the other one": from their point of view, the respect for rules, laws, standards, hierarchies and contracts is a factor of integration otherwise of insertion
Gonzales, Julia. „Le district industriel de Gamarra-Pérou, le réseau de petites et micro-entreprises : une réponse locale à la globalisation“. Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCordova, Daniel. „Echecs et succès de l'industrialisation : éléments pour une histoire économique comparée, applications aux cas du Pérou et de la Corée du Sud“. Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research finds its justification on the divergence of the economic paths followed by east asiatic countries such as south korea and taiwan on one hand, and latin american countries such as brazil and peru on the other hand. The central hypothesis is that these two groups of countries achieved their way to capitalism under two different forms, as far as their actual industrialization is concerned. The aim is to set forth how pertinent such an hypothesis is and to make clear what industrialization and underindustrialization mean. For that purpose, a theoretical work and methodical comparison between peru and korea were drawn. The first part of the work leads to the expression of the main characteristics of the new industiralized and underindustrialized economies, based upon a heterodox theoretical system. The second part of the work is a study of economics in which both forms of the passage to capitalism are analyzed from the point of view ot the constraint linked to international relations
Plassard, Jean-Michel. „Information imparfaite et discrimination sur le marché du travail“. Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is to develop a reflexion on the labour market. The approach is theoretical concerning guidance, the considered problematics is market off from a traditional scheme of the discrimination which aimed at previleging an exogenous interpretation of the phenomenon. The statistical discrimination depends on the theory of information. It is based upon a rational behaviour of the employers who are in a state of doubt regarding the economic features of the potential workers. The appeal to variables which are easily observable as sex, race and diplomas may reduce this doubt in a cheap manner. The analysis of discrimination is made by studying the consequences of the employers' behaviours under much diversified theories
Raynal, Dominique. „Une approche temporelle de l'offre individuelle de travail“. Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNumerous differences exist between the contents of o work contract and the aspirations of its holder : number of hours worked, insufficient revenue, lack of commitment to the task at hand etc. An approach to such inadequacies can, however, be made by means of time-budget studies of the way in which individual time is allocated to various activities, among which the work is one. By fixing an instantaneous moment of observation the development of a simple model of such time-allocation can provide an extension to the classical theory of labour supply. The importance is seen of behaviour thresholds concerning individual labour supply, wich depend on the quantity and quality of the work envisaged and the consumption objectives of both the individual and his household
Nurok, Michael. „Entre économie technique et économie morale : le travail d'urgence vitale à Paris et à New York“. Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyses the social organization of médical work on patients outside of the hospital who will die without the rapid provision of médical technology - a state called "détresse vitale". Although it is widely recognized that the work to prevent the death of such patients must be performed with technical prowess under immense time constraints, the moral component of this work has been largely overlooked. This thesis begins with an analysis of the conditions of possibility for the historical évolution of emergency médical Systems in France and the United States. The second part of the manuscript contains a comprehensive sociological account of pre-hospital emergency work in which the structural constraints imposed by the form of each system are related to the work of resuscitation observed during ethnographie field research in the Paris and New York emergency médical services. The final part of this thesis is used to show that, based on professional and social values, emergency workers use socially garnered control over bare life to shape the trajectories of patients in "détresse vitale"
Corneo, Giacomo. „Syndicat, négociations et marches internes : essais en économie du travail“. Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe labour market is characterised by transaction costs that lead to both bilateral monopoly and incomplete employment contracts. These issues are dealt with by means of five independent essays contributing to the theory of labour markets with microfoundations. One of the theoretical models is empirically tested using establishment level data. The unionization rate of an economy is determined in a social custom model, that explains how the free-rider problem is solved and how firms optimally react to the union organising dirive. Mext, wage formation is studied in an economy in which wage minima are centrally fixed and then employers and employees are free to choose whether to bargain also locally. Mext, the interaction between national unionized labor markets and an oligopolistic unified international product market is studied. Finally, the existence and welfare properties of internal labour markets in a centrally planned economy are examined
Devoto, Florencia. „Trois essais en économie du développement“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0119/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis explores three questions in the field of development economics. The first article, “Women At Work: Evidence From A Randomized Experiment In Djibouti” studies the determinants of the labor supply of women. Abstract: What keeps women in some developing countries from participating in the labor market? Is it limited job opportunities or limiting social norms? We examined the effects of these two factors on the labor supply decisions of women in urban Djibouti. Women were randomly assigned offers to be employed in a workfare program. The offers were exclusively targeted at women; the work could be performed by any other household member; and the earnings were paid out into a bank account established for the person who performed the work. We find a net increase in labor supply of over 50 percentage points: 96 percent of the women accepted the offers and 73 percent of women performed the work themselves. We observed none of the longer-term effects on labor supply by women that we would have observed if the increases in women’s employment had changed prevailing social norms on women working. Indeed, the women who received the temporary employment offer reverted back to non-participation in the labor market when the program ended. This suggests that, in urban Djibouti, what keeps women from participating in the labor market is not so much deterrent social norms but limited employment opportunities. The second article, “Turning A Shove Into A Nudge? A “Labeled Cash Transfer” For Education” looks at the determinants of households’ education investments. Abstract: Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) have been shown to increase human capital investments, but their standard features make them expensive. We use a large randomized experiment in Morocco to estimate an alternative government-run program, a “labeled cash transfer” (LCT): a small cash transfer made to fathers of school-aged children in poor rural communities, not conditional on school attendance but explicitly labeled as an education support program. We document large gains in school participation. Adding conditionality and targeting mothers made almost no difference in our context. The program increased parents’ belief that education was a worthwhile investment, a likely pathway for the results. The third article, “Estimating The Impact Of Microcredit On Those Who Take It Up: Evidence From A Randomized Experiment In Morocco”, studies how increased access to credit impact households in rural areas. Abstract: We report results from a randomized evaluation of a microcredit program introduced in rural areas of Morocco in 2006. Thirteen percent of the households in treatment villages took a loan, and none in control villages did. Among households identified as more likely to borrow, microcredit access led to a significant rise in investment in assets used for self-employment activities, and an increase in profit, but also to a reduction in income from casual labor. Overall there was no gain in income or consumption. We find suggestive evidence that these results are mainly driven by effects on borrowers, rather than by externalities
Borgeaud, Garciandía Natacha. „Les sujets du labeur : travail à l'usine, travail de soi et subjectivité des ouvrières et ouvriers des maquilas du Nicaragua“. Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBennaser, Mohamed. „Le travail et le secteur informels au Maroc (discours et réalité)“. Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070187.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhat is the informal labour? how is it analysed within the different developing theories? indeed it has been made clear that the given notion is in close relationship with the dichotomical and "trichotomical" vision of economical and social activity. On the other hand the hypothesis set forward in these theories on the non-structured labour, in the underground. . Etc, being marginal, and which occupies the workers from the lower social scales, doesn't resist to our study of the case in morocco. Infact the results which we have obtained from this empirical study clearly shows that what we have qualified as informal, is marked by a great formalisation
Henguelle, Valérie. „Les transformations du processus de rencontre entre l'offre et la demande sur le marché du travail : Le rôle des séquences d'emploi“. Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL12001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the 80s, the transformations in the meeting process of supply and demand of labour have affeced its modalities as well as its forms : the increazsing intervention of public power in favour of young people has concurred with the expansion of temporary jobs in emoployment flows. Temporary jobs usually represent insecure and perspectiveless jobs. In the dualistic theses, they are the jobs of the external labour market, the jobs of the secondary market. The statistical analysis of temporary jobs, and, more generally, the results of a survey on the recruitment pratices of the firms, and the results of an analysis in terms of groups based on the insee survey on employment, specify the dissatisfying dualistic interpretation of temporary jobs, including in its later developments : in dynamics, some stated divisions are not suitable any longer. We propose to approach temporary jobs in terms of job sequences in order to represent a stage inscribed in larger sets : - the set composed of the period of the job carried out in the firm, and which may lead to a secure job, or even to the elaboration of intermittent relation of employment ; - the set composed of the individual trajectory in which the work period constitutes a moment before stabilisation, or an interval in a path of instability, of unemployment
Tartaglia, Paolo. „Les implications macroéconomiques des coûts de prospection“. Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aim tends to explain some unemployment characteristics that can actually be observed in france. If we look up at the statistics we realize that the unemployment increase is not due to a raise of employment losses (the number of imprecarious employment losses is practically constant since 1987). But in fact, this increase only comes from a decrease of hiring which automatically involves the stretching of unemployment average length. Facing these contemporary unemployment characteristics which are common with most of the actual union eurupeenne countries we must be wondering two things. The first one is to know why the propensity of firms to make employees redundant stay stable whereas the development of economic situation could result in massive redundancies. The second one being is to knwo why does it take on average longer time for people who have lost their job to insert again within the employment world. In this thesis analyzing the theoretical implications of search costs (these costs are both present within the labor market and also within the consumer goods market) we have tried to give an answer to each different one of the previous questions
Chletsos, Michel-Theologos. „Rapport salarial et salarisation des femmes : l'exemple de la France et de la Grèce“. Amiens, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AMIE0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAThe purpose of this thesis is to explain the different way of women's enter into the process of the wage-labour relation from this of men. Our basic hypothesis is that the women enter differently into the process of the wage-labour relation from the way that men enter. That is derivated from the vision of the wage-labour relation as a no market relation. The wage-labour relation is a dependence and dominated relation. The vision of the wage-labour relation as a no market relation breaks with the representation by the political economy, of the society as an homogenous society structured by the markets relations. The no market relation characteristic of the wage labour relation obliges us to think of the no-economics elements (family and state). Our analysis of these elements is different from this of the political economy. The political economy tries to analyse these elements by their functions (market's functions). The family is not only the "space" of the reproduction of the salariat and his labour power but also of the familiar's relations (sexe relations). They intervene to the salariat definition and imposed its heterogenity characteristic. About the analysis of the state we could claim that it forces the individual (person) to enter into the wage-labour relation. The state does not only reproduce the salariat but also it constitutes the wage-labour relation. We could also notice that the state plays an essential role in the articulation of the different modes of socialisation. The relation between family, salariat and state can help us to understand our basic problem
Berthe, Bénédicte. „Un modèle d'analyse de l'effort du salarié dans l'organisation“. Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this thesis is to suggest the construction of an analysis of the concept of effort. It results from the observation that effort, which represents the action of an employee within an organisation, is an economic concept at the heart of the current problematics of the internal labour market. This concept is often used but all too often badly defined, incomplete or ill- conceived. The result of this thesis is a new analytical model of the production of effort. An employee's effort represented in a three dimensional space with three forms (intensity, quality, activity), three types (company, group, personnal) and three logics (interest, obedience, trust). This triple triad can be depicted in the "effort-cube". The thesis conceives effort as a whole, represented by a combination of the various elements of this space. Moreover, the proposition is illustrated by a survey conducted by the ctpra. The thesis explains progressively the various parts of the multi-dimensional model of effort and analyses their arrangement. This study establishes the way in which effort is produced and defines various vectors which generate this effort and the limits of their effects on effort. This analytical model of effort enables us to suggest elements of the answers to numerous questions which gravitate aroud effort. How do the incentive mechanisms likely to encourage the production of effort ? in what ways does organizational power intervere ? what role does authority play in effort ? and that of convention ? where does trust come in ? how can the organization influence effort ? where do its limits lie ? how does the group in which an employee works affect his effort
Vicard, Augustin. „Six essais en économie appliquée : insertion professionnelle des jeunes : utilisation variables subjectives en économie de la santé“. Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01249815.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is composed of six essays on youth and the labor market on the one hand, and on the use of subjective variables in health economics on the other hand. In most developed countries, young people often face great and increasing difficulties when entering the labor market, especially since the Great Recession. The first two chapters analyse French programs aimed at helping youth facing these difficulties. We evaluate the impact of extending the minimum income to young people (Chapter 1) and of strengthening the main training program for youth (Chapter 2). The third and fourth chapters focus on the unemployment level when young people enter the labor market, analyzing its impact on their educational attainment (Chapter 3), and on their wage and employment prospects throughout their career (Chapter 4) Moreover, the increasing use of subjective variables by economists raises the question of their reliability and robustness. In the last two chapters, we explore how the formulation of subjective questions shape the collected answers, for two variables often used in health economics : foregone health care due to cost (Chapter 5) and subjective health (Chapter 6). Using the split sample method, we compare the responses of several random samples of respondents, which answer to different formulations of the same question
Najman, Boris. „Mobilité du travail et économie informelle en Russie et en Ukraine“. Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0131.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDos, Santos Nilo Rosa. „Marché du travail, économie informelle et discrimination : le cas de Salvador“. Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010553.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVialle, Isabelle. „Confiance en soi et économie comportementale du travail : trois essais expérimentaux“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation contains three essays that estimate the effects of self-confidence on economic agents’ decisions. An experimental approach is used for those contributions. This work is interested in three topics concerning behavioral labor economics: moonlighting, job search and teamwork. The first chapter investigates the existence of optimism biases in the context of irregular work. This essay proposes a measure of optimism biases through a decision process. The results show that the way the monitoring policy is announced deeply affects the perception of the risk at stake: the designation of the number of randomly controlled agents tends to foster the cheats’ optimism. The second chapter studies how the uncertainty on ability and self-esteem of job-seekers affect their search behaviors. The results show that on average the low ability agents’ decisions are not affected by the uncertainty about their ability, whereas the high ability agents tend to decrease their reservation wage and thus to stop their search faster. However, the low ability agents’ decisions are not homogeneous: the higher the worker’s self-esteem is, the higher his reservation wage is. The third chapter aims at estimating how workers’ self-image biases affect effort choices and team production. The results show that the workers who overestimate (underestimate) their ability provide higher (lower) effort levels than the unbiased. The results also reveal that the agents benefit from their partner’s confidence, but not from their own bias. Conversely, the presence of underconfident agents in the team damages the welfare of both teammates
Aspilaire, Roseman. „Économie informelle en Haïti, marché du travail et pauvreté : analyses quantitatives“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0122/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe predominance of the informal sector in the economy of Haiti, where more than 80% of the population lives below the threshold of poverty and more than 35% unemployed, suggests links between the informal economy, poverty and the labour market. Highlight these interrelationships, requires an assessment of the informal economy, which is the subject of the four chapters of this thesis, dealing successively with the evolution of the macroeconomic situation, human capital, the informal earnings of workers, and the segmentation of the labour market.The first chapter made a diagnosis of the phenomenon according to the State of affairs of the developed theories and the evolution of the macroeconomic framework of Haiti from 1980 to 2010. And then offers a macroeconomic assessment of the informal sector as a percentage of GDP from a PLS (Partial Least Squares).Chapter two sets out the relationship between the evolution of the informal economy, deregulation and neo-liberal policies through a LISREL (Linear Structural Relations) model. We look at the impact of the budgetary, fiscal and monetary policies of the past 30 years on the informal economy. We also reassess the causes of the evolution of the informal economy generally evoked by the empirical studies (taxes, social security).In the chapter three, we analyse the micro-real dimension of the informal economy through a model of the Mincer earnings estimated by the equations logit from data in a national survey on employment and the informal economy (EEEI) in 2007. We analyse the determinants of informal gains in terms of the position of the market workers (employees, entrepreneurs and self-employed); and revenues (formal and informal) and the socio-economic characteristics of the working poor and non-poor compared to the poverty line.In chapter four, we first test the competitiveness and the segmentation of the labour market by making use of model of Roy and the expanded Roy model through an estimate a model Tobit. We use a model of Dirichlet process: first analyse the segmentation and possible informal work and market competitiveness as its determinants, according to data from the EEEI 2007; then, to distinguish the fundamental characteristics of the involuntary informal (excluded from the formal labour market) than the voluntary informal who gain comparative advantages
Zaman, Constantin. „Accumulation du capital et marché du travail dans une économie en transition“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the collapse of soviet style regimes, all central and easter european countries have opened a new way of evolution for their economies, based on three main process : privatisation, restructuring, and macroeconomic stabilisation. The basic mechanisms of a socialist economy, analyzed in the first two chapters, allow to emphasize the main particularities of the transitional period (chapter iii). A theoretical model of growth with capital accumulation (chapter IV) allowed us to evaluate the length of transition in four countries : Czech republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The last chapter contains an analysis of structural changes on the labour market, taking place in the presence of asymmetric information concerning the effective level of workers' qualification
Vafaï, Kouroche. „Information asymétrique, comportements opportunistes et hiérarchie : essai en économie des organisations“. Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe doctoral thesis is composed of four original essays in organization theory. The methodology adopted is the principal-agent approach. The first essay is a critical survey of the agency theory of the firm on the subjects of hierarchy, internal job design and delegation. The second essay exhibits an explanation to the introduction of a third party in a principal- agent setting. We show that the principal prefers a three-level hierarchy with tasks separation to a principal-agent structure when the different tasks of the agency overlap too much. By analyzing the impact of the market structure on the agency's design, we also show that three- level hierarchy is efficient only on oligopolistic markets. The third essay considers the strategic role of labor division in the firm. We show that, when the employees may use the know how acquired through their activity inside the firm to quit their job and go into business for themselves, labor division can be used by the firm to lessen the incentives for such opportunistic behaviors. The fourth essay studies the impact of employees' collusion or side-contracting on the internal labor market of the organization. Our major findings in a two periods multi-level agency model are first that to avoid employees' collusion, the firm uses a mixed promotion scheme. This scheme specifies that the second period top managers are promoted from first period middle managers, the workers remain at their posts and second period middle managers are recruited from outside. Second, side-contracting is more harmful when it takes place at the top of the hierarchy
Lous, Baronian Laurent. „Le travail vivant : catégorie critique et génétique de la méthode du capital“. Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis argues Chat the project of Critique of political economy is entirely dependant on the nature of social labor in general, from which Marx derives the categories and laves of the political economy. Effectively, starting with his first economical works, Mari considers social labor as a group of production activities, in such a way that each society is characterized by the way it exchanges and assigns these activities. However, the political economy, from mercantilism to neo-classicism, conceived and still perceives work for its product and results, and only considers the exchange of products as social labor. The political economy observes living labor as a purely negative object, as a sacrifice or necessary commitment to fulfil individual needs. For Marx, if value-added labor is defined as a specific method of exchanging living labor, this results in a new definition of general and abstract labor: it is no longer defined as an object or unit of value, but first and foremost as an expenditure of labor force - of muscles, nerves and brain. From this, Marx derives the dual nature of labor, which lie strongly insists on and which he considers to be his primary contribution to the science of economics. Marx dominates the critical analysis: the way in which categories and laves of capitalist production are assigned, and the nature of the criticism of these categories and laves, which still survives in the political economy to this day
Jean, Sébastien. „Commerce international et marché du travail“. Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCavagnoud, Robin. „LES ADOLESCENTS TRAVAILLEURS DE LIMA ENTRE ÉCOLE ET STRATÉGIES DE SURVIE“. Phd thesis, Paris 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAit, Soudane Jalila. „Secteur informel et marché du travail au Maroc“. Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAvila, Barrios Carola Eleonor. „Le Pérou industriel et la division internationale du travail : le laxisme de l'Etat face à l'ingérence étrangère“. Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA030009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe peruvian industries began in the 19 th century as small craftsmen; then the english companies looked after profit, followed by the northamericans, which coutributed, in a certain way, to their growth. When the north-american companies left, a paradoxe was created: the structures were left in precarious conditions. The international work division, in some way, solved this problem, but no point industry was created, because of the foreign dependency (or persisted). This is case of the fishing industry, for example: in 1964-65 a competitive infrastructure was created, as the fish production demanded, but the lack of planning and the over production procoked this sector's decline. The same phenomenon took place with the oil and the agriculture sectors. The automobile industry was declining, in opposition to the some chemical industrial branches which were actually developing. Under these circumstances, no role was played by the state; until 1968, when some industries were nationalised. In 1975, because of the "counter-coup d'etat", a liberal era was again established
Maaninou, Amal. „Etude sur le travail chez K. Marx : de la praxie subjective au travail abstrait“. Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor Marx, labor is a series of corporeal and live acts that the individual constantly starts off to satisfy his needs by transforming nature. At this level, mainly those of the vital and organic reality, the texts of Marx are a true phenomelogical description of the act of labor which is always perceived by the one who actually works, using the labor instrument in a non-objective way. It is only when the transformation of nature and the satisfaction of personal needs progressively passes and from the worker that abstract labor is through as a reduction of the subjective praxis to an ideal; objective norm. This substitution of reality by the concept of labor constitutes, property so called. The transcendental genesis of economy
Belkacem, Rachid. „La relation salariale dans l'intérim“. Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work investigates the wage relation in temporary work. More especially, its concerns the relation between three actors. The workers, agencies and firms. This study has two aims. The first is one theoretical contribution of the wage relation analysis. The second concerns one application of this for the French and German cases. This wage relation is governed by particular rules. One of the major aspect of this relation is that these rules vary in the space and the historical time. This investigation is organized around eight chapters. After one prelaminar chapter which defines the methodology and theoretical hypothesis, the first four chapters examine different theories in regard to the wage relation in temporary work. This analysis concerns respectively the reference model, labor market segmentation patterns, transaction costs and "conventions" theories. In the chapter five, the personal approaches moves the "regulation" and "convention" theories together. In the center of interrogation, we find the main place of institution and rules. The chapter 6 develops a historical approach of development of temporary work in relation with the economic and social context at European level. The chapters 7 et 8 define the social construction of temporary work in France and Germany
Martinez, Flores Leonardo. „Modèles de localisation optimale dans une ville multicentrée : recherche d'un critère fondé sur la productivité du travail“. Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLalé, Etienne. „Worker heterogeneity and labor market frictions“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation contains several lines of research in macroeconomics and labor economics conducted during the course of my phd. The unifying theme of this research is the study of labor markets that are subject to macro-search frictions and are populated by heterogeneous workers. Combining these features is important for our understanding of the functioning of labor markets, both from a positive and normative standpoint. The first chapter of this dissertation is resolutely on the positive side. It analyzes how the combination of labor market frictions and worker heterogeneity in skills can shed light on the observed fluctuations in entries into and exits out of the labor force. The second chapter is also on the positive ground, but it brings labor market policies to the fore of the analysis. Along with heterogeneity in human capital over the lifecycle, it shows how some policy tools have contributed to the divergent employment experiences of older workers in Europe and in the United States since the 1980s. The third chapter more naturally lends itself to policy implications. It provides a quantitative study of the employment and welfare effects of statutory severance payments in an economy with wealth heterogeneity reflecting the absence of perfect insurance markets faced by risk-averse workers
Bounaix, Dominique. „La qualité, facteur de performances socio-économiques : mythe et réalité : contribution à l'étude du développement des méthodes relatives à la qualité dans la gestion des entreprises“. Toulouse 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU10014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research is concerned with the organization of human groups at work and their development dynamics based on the analysis of management patterns relating to quality. Beneath a surface consensus and an apparent unity in the methods, some differentiated practices can be observed based on the regulation of the unidentified costs and of human complexity of the organization. Individual case studies of a particular firm have enabled to reconstitute four types of behaviors among which prevails the social and human logic of quality
Lamotte, Bruno. „La complexité du travail : de la théorie de la valeur à l'efficience productive“. Grenoble 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE21008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBriki, Mohsen. „La nature du chômage : aspects contemporains de la théorie du chômage volontaire“. Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouabdallah, Khaled. „Structures d'emploi, filieres industrielles et competitivite. Essai sur le travail et la performance economique“. Lyon 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO22005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom an analysis of the links between labour and economic performance, we have shown the need for renewal of problematic s. As a matter of fact, we have to identify the elements founding the conditions of the contemporary competitiveness and the renewed mechanisms of growth, these latter depending more and more broadly on endogeneous factors. The analytical framework provided is rooted in a conception of competitiveness enabling to take into account externalities, technologic al interdependences and learning effects, and more largely the structural factors ensuring a long-lastin competitiveness. The meso-economic seems to provide a relevant way for expresing such phenomena. Then the interest of the level of the filiere is learning processes and externalities. This level enables also to integrate concerns linked to the analysis o f labour. On this basis, an applied analysis is carried out about industrial filieres, wich the aim is both to investiga te, on the medium run, the dynamic of the filiere employment structures, and to confront this latter with the evolution of their economic performance. Phenomena. Then the interest of the level of the filiere is emphasized, inasmuch it enables to express interdependence effects, learning processes and externalities. This level enables also to integrate concerns linked to the analysis of labour. On this basis, an applied analysis is carried out about industrial filieres, wich the aim is both to investigate, on the medium run, the dynamic of the filiere employment structures, and to confront this latter with the evolution of their economic performance
Bey, Marguerite. „De la Survie au développement : une étude comparative de deux communautés paysannes : Casinta et Tomas dans la Haute Vallée du Canete, Pérou“. Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010630.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this thesis is the study of social change within the peasant commu nity. It bears on two communities situated in the Peruvian central highlands, in a valley near the capital. The behavior of the peasant families is considered over a thirty-year period, during which the communities underwent rapid transformations due to the growing influence of two factors: education and the monetarisation of the peasant economy, acompanied by ever-greater exchanges with the outside world. This analysis of the economic and social changes within the community centers on the significance of these factors in redefining, first, collective organisation, then the framework of the peasant families lives. A study of the strategies which these families develop in order to improve living conditions reveals that their reproduction is not solely dependent on " communal" organisation, but also that the community remains a social and economic frame of reference for its members. The dialectic of individual and general interests defines the dynamics of the community's development
Sabatier, Benjamin. „L'art à l'épreuve du travail. Entre représentations et processus : économie, politique, utopie“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H314.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe evolutions of the production relations, which emerged at the end of the 19th century, have generated new artistic practices as well as new aesthetical values: serial production, delegation, entrepreneurship, service provision, etc. Artistic creation cannot be contemplated outside of its relationship to capital. Like the other forms of productive practices developed within society, the artist's work is more and more subjected to values that relate to heteronomous activities. The following thesis offers an actualization of Marx and Arendt's analyses regarding labor and its place within the hierarchy of human activities in order to apprehend the possibility of an emancipation. While experimenting with the artwork and its very praxis within different environments and under different forms, plastic research will be put under the test of labor so as to evaluate its limits, reveal some of its mechanisms and question its purposes. The issue seems all the more essential today when considering the period of socio-economical tension that we are currently going through, and which raises the questions of the utility, necessity and role of art
Cueva, Simon. „Demandes de facteurs et degrés d'utilisation du capital et du travail“. Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work takes account, in a more systematic way, of utilisation degrees of capital and labour in the production analysis. A first original model of the firm distinguishes between standard working hours and overtime hours, which are paid in a progressive schedule, according with working time legislation. This allows to have more realistic conclusions than the standard models. Differents production function are estimated with french quarterly data on production capacities and on shiftwork and electricity consumed by equipments, giving an original measure of capital operating time. Results show a significative influence of utilisation degrees, which allow for substitution possibilities between capital and labour in the short-run. Utilisation of labor catch the productivity cycle, while utilisation of capital shows decreasing returns near the full-capacity output. So, utilisation degrees give an independent information on some characteristics that are generally difficult to measure otherwise (as labour hoarding or variable utilisation of equipements). They allow us to give a more realistic description of the firm and to improve business cycle models. Using vectorial auto-regressive co-integrated models, we also measure adjustment delays associated with stocks and with operating time of factors of production. These delays are clearly higher for capital than for labour factors, with a specially high inertia for capital stock. Adjustment delays are a bit higher for capital opertaing time than for workers and working time shows more rapid variations. Relative inertia of some factor may then be compensated by a quicker adjustment of other ones
Bayad, Mohamed. „Demande de travail, structures et stratégies d'entreprises : une analyse théorique et empirique“. Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN20001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this thesis is to present a dynamic analysis of behavioural adjustments in employment and in labour demand related to company structure strategy. The research has been undertaken using a sample of 1285 firms of the french industrial sector over the period 1974-1985
Bras, Bénédicte. „La Poste entre le service public et le marché : le cas de la distribution“. Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe postal market evolution leads to a process of deregulation by reason of national monopoly review and competition rules application. The external environment transformation was accompanied by the creation of a new regulation: the change of the post office status. This old administration, which turned a nationalized company, seems to be into a heterogeneous organization. The hybrid nature of the post office status is analyzed in this thesis: the new rules and the new game of this organization have been described. The new regulation understanding is based on the case of the delivery of letters. This economic thesis includes not only a sociological proceeding but also a juridical and historical analysis of the organization
Le, Marchand Arnaud. „La structuration des marchés du travail portuaire“. Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100114.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAction, in a frame and on a frame, the harbor activity context is the purpose of this thesis. The following approach is at the crossroads of theatrical study of conventions, system of industrial relations and the economy of organizations. The emergence of rules in conexion with merchant logic and the actors' structuring effect are approached by a' systematical study in long run period. These localized organizations, around a convention of normal and intern unemployment, allow to question about rule production, collective learning and the reproduction of localized system. Taking account of irreversibility and efficiency wage hypothesis lead to consider the modality of passage from fixed rule game to variable rule gale, from labor demand paradigm in his opposite strides are studied under the angle of the double-bind theory and the critics of rational and self-fulfilling anticipations models
Mebarki, Naceur. „Le fonctionnement du marché du travail dans une économie sous développée : le cas algérien“. Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE0507.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaking Algeria as a test case, the purpose of this study is to examine the working of the employment market in a developing economy. The first part of the study involves an examination of dualist models which attempt to describe employment in under-developed economies. The second part is a study of the specific case of Algeria. An analysis is made of the evolution of employment in various sectors of activity, including agriculture, industries and services. In this context, the dualist models of development based on the concept of a surplus of manpower are unsatisfactory both as regards their logic and their failure to predict employment tendencies in the Algerian economy. The regulating mechanisms affecting employment are also examined, close attention being given to two specific cases: emigration and divers informal activates. This analysis reveals a segmented market (qualitative segmentation), a phenomenon which is amplified by blocking effects, such as education, training and sociological factors, which tend to inhibit the movement of manpower from one sector to another. Finally, it is noted that the combined effect of emigration and informal activities has relieved employment problems in Algeria during the period studied: 1967 to 1984
Laalai, Fériel. „Nouvelle économie et contrôle de l'emploi: l'inspection du travail face à la conciliation“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210463.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDés lors, conçu pour les grandes industries, le droit du travail a pu croître et embellir pendant les trente Glorieuses, porté par une croissance économique sans précédent et structuré sur le modèle de la révolution industrielle, l’univers du travail s’étant trouvé modifié en profondeur.
Seulement, ce bon vieux temps est révolu :actuellement les entreprises se restructurent profondément et un fort courant d’internationalisation des marchés et de mutations techniques et technologiques ont ébranlé les acquits sociaux :Ainsi, précarité, contrat de sous-traitance, externalisation de la main d’œuvre sont désormais les contraintes majeures qu’il faut prendre en compte pour déterminer les relations de travail.
Au cœur de ses déconvenues se trouve l’inspection du travail et les lois organisant les relations professionnelles qui ne peuvent se définir que par rapport à une réalité, laquelle dépend des intérêts des employés et de la régulation des mécanismes du marché.
Dans cette perspective, l’amélioration du sort des hommes au travail apparait ainsi comme un effet naturel de la croissance économique et de l’application effective de cette législation sociale.
Partant de ce constat, c’est d’une réflexion portant sur le lien existant entre le développement progressif du droit du travail et le concept de contrôle et de conciliation dont il sera question dans le cadre de notre thèse.
En effet, face à la régulation des rapports sociaux, principalement dans les rapports entre employeurs et salariés, l’inspection du travail en Tunisie, s’est forgé progressivement une identité forte de considération car débordant le domaine de la protection ouvrière au sens étroit du terme, son rôle qui puise sa source dans le caractère généraliste de cette institution, va en dépasser la structure. Elle ne peut pas ne pas toucher à l’application concrète de la règle, et par conséquent au rôle de l’inspecteur du travail, acteur clé de l’exécution de ses lois.
A ses missions traditionnelles, 1'exigence de la paix sociale en Tunisie ajoutait celle, toute nouvelle, de rapprocher les parties sur le terrain, en essayant de convertir au droit les plus sceptiques et de hâter l’intégration du syndicat dans la stratégie de développement.
Avec un effort de consolidation de quelques années, plus précisément depuis 1976, l’inspection tunisienne du travail intervient dans un champ particulier dans le domaine de conciliation.
Cette institution deviendra l’un des rouages essentiels de la pacification sociale. Tel un coupe-circuit empêchant la solidarité base de la paix sociale de disjoncter, elle sera tout à la fois le reflet des insuffisances des pouvoirs publics et celui des revendications ouvrières.
Chose étrange, 1'Inspection ne trouvera pourtant que fort peu d'appui hors de son sein, comme si la nature même de sa mission sociale 1'exposait sans défense aux critiques les plus virulentes.
Les nombreux problèmes et dysfonctionnement que connaît actuellement l’inspection du travail, certains sont fort anciens, notamment ceux liés à l’insuffisance de moyens face à l’élargissement des prérogatives, aux réalités rencontrées surtout que ces fonctions sont indissociables de l’action de l’Inspection du travail et d’autres problèmes de fond lié à un dysfonctionnement organisationnel ou un malaise latent inhérent selon certains à l’évolution des missions de l’inspection du travail. Dans cette perspective le problème s’accentue davantage puisque la définition du champ d’intervention de l’inspection du travail, de son rôle bascule entre deux fonctions.
La première fonction est le contrôle qui témoigne plutôt, d'une conception généraliste la seconde concerne la conciliation exprimant une extension des missions et caractérise 1'essor autour d’un consensus que l’Etat veut imprimer sur les relations du travail. Cependant, si le rôle de l’inspecteur du travail avait acquis une crédibilité certaine par ses attributions de contrôleur en lui permettant de préserver sa légitimité institutionnelle, la situation est tout autre aujourd’hui :l’histoire se renouvelle et on va reprocher à l’inspecteur de porter une vision de la société étriquée et plutôt traditionnelle.
Ainsi, l’étendue des prérogatives confiées à l’inspecteur dans la conciliation et le conseil le place dans une position stratégique car ne se limitant plus à normaliser les dispositifs des relations professionnelles ou à promouvoir les démarches globales de contrôle, mais plutôt à accompagner et à anticiper les évolutions des relations professionnelles.
L'examen du fonctionnement de l’inspection du travail, avec la prise en compte des caractéristiques du métier de l’inspecteur du travail et de sa composition, nous permettra de mettre l’accent sur le degré d’adaptation et d’efficacité de cette institution, caractérisant fondamentalement le rôle que l’Etat entend jouer dans la régulation des rapports sociaux et principalement dans les rapports entre employeurs et salariés.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sciences du travail
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ezzeddine, Oussama. „Mobilité du travail, commerce international et économie géographique : applications empiriques à l’Union européenne“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40049/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis aims to explain the weakness of labour mobility in the European Union. In order to do so, we carried out an empirical study which focuses on the relationship between labour mobility and its determinants: salaries, GDP, unemployment rates, distance and international trade. Neither the complementarity observed between labour mobility and trade nor the other variables allow us to explain this weakness. Economic geography offers some explanations by studying the role of market potentials. We show that migrants do not follow market potentials, which provides an explanation to labour mobility weakness in the European Union