Thematische Bibliographien / Economic assistance in Nicaragua

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Economic assistance in Nicaragua“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Economic assistance in Nicaragua"

Linsenmeyer, William S. "Foreign Nations, International Organizations, and Their Impact on Health Conditions in Nicaragua since 1979." International Journal of Health Services 19, no. 3 (1989): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5fv4-w26a-adgt-kepb.

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In July 1979, a coalition of social forces in Nicaragua, under the leadership of the Sandinistas, toppled the discredited 43-year Somoza dictatorship. In addition to revolutionary Nicaragua's own substantial efforts, since 1979 international forces and developments have had profound impacts on the nation's ambitious social programs. This article investigates the impact of foreign nations and international organizations on Nicaragua's health conditions since 1979. Given or pledged assistance, for health and other social needs, has been forthcoming, for example, from Latin America, Western Europe, socialist countries, the United Nations, the Organization of American States, and the European Economic Community. International forces, however, have also had a negative impact on Nicaragua's health conditions. Since 1981, counter-revolutionary guerilla forces, known as contras, have fought the Nicaraguan government troops in a disastrous conflict, involving substantial international assistance for each side. The United States and several other nations have provided some form of aid to the contras. The war in Nicaragua has resulted in enormous human and material losses, and, of course, has adversely affected health conditions.

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Conroy, Michael E. "External Dependence, External Assistance, and Economic Aggression Against Nicaragua." Latin American Perspectives 12, no. 2 (1985): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x8501200203.

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Butler, William E. "Council of Mutual Economic Assistance-Nicaragua: Agreement on Cooperation." International Legal Materials 24, no. 5 (1985): 1408–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900030114.

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Berrios, Rubén. "Relations between Nicaragua and the Socialist Countries." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27, no. 3 (1985): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165602.

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Since the Late 1960s, due to détente and rising nationalism in Latin America, the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries have succeeded in expanding diplomatic relations with most countries in the Western Hemisphere (Blasier, 1984; Fichet, 1981). For an increasing number of Third World nations, the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) countries of Eastern Europe have become a source of trade, credits, technical assistance and political support. Hence, many Third World countries view CMEA agreements as a means of strengthening their negotiating position vis-á-vis the United States and other developed countries. In turn, the CMEA countries have stepped up their commercial activity irrespective of the nature of the governments of the recipient countries. In the case of Latin America, CMEA ability to provide such funding is restrained by their own economic limitations, by geographical distance and by the shortage of foreign exchange. These factors discourage risky commitments in a region that is peripheral to essential security concerns of the CMEA countries.

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Howlett, Charles F. "Neighborly Concern: John Nevin Sayre and the Mission of Peace and Goodwill to Nicaragua, 1927-28." Americas 45, no. 1 (1988): 19–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007325.

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For almost two decades prior to 1927 Nicaragua had been governed by Washington “more completely than the American Federal Government rules any state in the Union.” Such governance was justified by the State Department which raised the specter of the Monroe Doctrine not only to bolster America's economic ambitions in the region but also to protect the nation's national security — a fact which took on added importance due to the recent construction of the Panama Canal. From 1912 to 1925, a Legation Guard of United States Marines reminded the country of the overwhelming American dominance. For only a brief period did America's military presence abate. In 1926, however, a civil war broke out that threatened to destroy the political and economic stability the United States had come to rely on. American military assistance was requested and quickly rendered. What events led to U.S. military action in this Central American country?

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International Monetary Fund. "Nicaragua: Recent Economic Developments." IMF Staff Country Reports 96, no. 124 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451829105.002.

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Orozco, Blanco, Napoleón Vicente, Zúniga González, and Carlos Alberto. "Environmental Bio Economic Impact in Nicaragua." Journal of Agricultural Studies 1, no. 2 (2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v1i2.4033.

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In this article the Bio economy of power plants connected to the national interconnected system of Nicaragua is analyzed, through the study of environmental effects of greenhouse gases emissions from the use of solid biomass from sugarcane bagasse and oil to generate electricity. In addition, an analysis of Cost - Benefit of investments to the electricity generation using fossil fuel and bagasse is done. The Methodology EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) was used; this methodology was proposed by the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) to determine the overall greenhouse gases (GHG) emission balance. Additionally, the WinDASI program, also developed by FAO, was used for the Cost - Benefit Analysis of investment in power plants. Furthermore, we performed marginal costing GHG reduction. The results show, that all plants are sources of GHG emissions, however the impact of sugar mills is partially positive by reforestation components and annual crops. However, the component inputs had negative environmental and socially impact. In the case of thermal power generation plants based on petroleum connected to the national grid, they were found to be sources of greenhouse gases. The analysis of the Benefit Cost in their investment indicates that there is a positive financially impact except in ALBANISA power plant and sugar Mills power plants.

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Herman, Edward S. "The U.S. Economic Destabilization of Nicaragua." Review of Radical Political Economics 20, no. 2-3 (1988): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661348802000241.

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McLaughlin, Ivan. "Is there a Sheriff anymore? Vietnam’s legacy on US-Nicaraguan relations during the Carter Era, 1977-1981." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2011 (January 1, 2011): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2011.32.

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My project explores the extent to which the Vietnam legacy influenced US-Nicaraguan relations during the transition of power that took place in Nicaragua during James Earl Carter’s presidency. The Vietnam legacy is characterised by the increased influences of the US Congress, press, public and Latin America on US executive decisions. Understanding the role of the Vietnam legacy shows that the Carter administration had not regained the US’s ‘lost confidence.’ The US’s anxiety over Vietnam remained and left a void in the Western Hemisphere when Nicaragua needed guidance and assistance from the US during its political transition. On July 19, 1979, the forty-year old traditionally US backed dictatorship led by Anastasio Somoza Debayle was overthrown in Nicaragua by a coalition of Nicaraguans encompassing the business, academic, religious and working classes. Somoza’s opponents went on to create a new government for Nicaragua. Although they were initially euphoric in the aftermath of Somoza’s ...

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International Monetary Fund. "Nicaragua: Recent Economic Developments and Statistical Annex." IMF Staff Country Reports 99, no. 124 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451829129.002.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Economic assistance in Nicaragua"

Pritchett, Anthony J. "U.S. economic assistance to Colombia: a model for U.S. economic assistance to Mexico?" Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38997.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Strong, effective, economic assistance programs are a crucial part of U.S. foreign policy. They are a primary instrument for advancing U.S. national interests, enhancing global stability, expanding economic opportunities, and promoting American democratic values. From 2004 through 2010, the United States donated more than $16 billion in economic assistance to countries in the Western Hemisphere. Some ask why the United States spends so much money abroad on humanitarian programs and infrastructure investments in developing states. To address this question, this thesis looks at Colombia and Mexico, both of which are of crucial strategic importance to the United States. Under Plan Colombia (20002006), U.S. economic assistance and staunch political will enabled Colombia to improve from 14th (2005) to 57th (2013) on the Failed State Index scale. As a result, Colombia has also emerged as a stronger U.S. partner in the Western Hemisphere. The Colombian experience was historically specific, but lessons can be extracted for Mexico, even though its history and relationship with Washington is very different. In particular, the recent Merida Initiative (Plan Mexico; 2008present) can benefit immensely from being carefully evaluated in light of the earlier success of Plan Colombia.

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Ström, Sten. "Political rhetoric vs. economic policy : – the case of Nicaragua." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-224447.

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Political ideologies translate into both rhetoric and actual economic policy, and both are important factors for explaining economic development such as foreign direct investment and the distribution of growth. In Nicaragua, the government calls itself “socialist”, but neither local big business nor rating firms or foreign investors seem to be anxious. In this thesis, an attempt is made to define and measure characteristics of economic ideologies, and to analyse them in a country context.Factors are identified that would be characteristic for a “leftist” or to a “rightist” ideology, and then translated into measurable indicators, used to analyse the rhetoric, planning and legislation in Nicaragua. Actual outcomes are compared with previous liberal and socialist regimes. The result indicates that the actual economic policy of the current “marxist” government can be described as liberal or mildly social democratic. A similar analysis, made of IMF and Moody’s show that their assessments are based on liberal theory.One cause for this discrepancy between rhetoric and economic policy may be that no option is available in the globalised context with its unequal distribution of resources and power.

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Negy, Kevin. "Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua: explaining economic success levels." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/888.

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Latin America is a region that has deep roots in Spanish colonialism. Since its independence, many countries in the region have heavily depended on agriculture exports to industrialized states to support their economies. This has led to political theorists to label Latin America as an area full of "periphery" countries that are exploited for resources by "core countries. Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua were not the exception. In recent years, however, a noticeable difference between the economies of the countries has helped Costa Rica and Panama become more successful than Nicaragua, on the basis of GDP, GNI, and other similar measures. This thesis attempts to explain this economic difference by analyzing what type of relationship the three countries have had with the United States (which has acted as a regional hegemon) and analyzing how each country has handled economic dependence on agriculture. Through this comparative case study, the thesis tries to add to development and dependency theory literature. B.S. Bachelors Sciences Political Science

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Acquah, Daniel. "Economic giants and economic dwarfs the Ghanaian factor /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Heinisch, Reinhard. "Response to an experiment: the Sandinista model of socialism and the US policy towards it." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45795.

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The current policy of the Reagan administration is designed to overthrow the Sandinist system in Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan revolution has produced a fascinating model of Socialism, in which the Sandinistas are trying to combine elements of pragmatic Marxism, Catholic humanism and revolutionary nationalism. In the first three years after the revolution, the Sandinist government was fairly successful and the country made enormous social and political progress. In 1983 Nicaragua entered a severe systemic crisis, which has been aggravated by the economic and military policy of the Reagan administration. This paper argues that the US counter strategy is based upon a number of contradictions and inconsistencies inherent in the Sandinist system. The main targets of the US strategy are the social accomplishments that provided the FSLN's popularity among the rural population, as well as the middle-class upon whose co-operation the success of the Sandinista model depends. The US strategy consists of three components: a) economic sanctions, b) overt and covert military threat, and c) additional supportive policy measures. This paper is a preliminary analysis offering suggestions and direction for future research. Master of Arts

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Roberts, Justin Gareth. "Aid programmes by the governments of India and China to Nepal." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812430.

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Ripoll, Santiago. "Food sovereignty and campesino moral economies : market embeddedness, autonomy and solidarity in the Matagalpa Highlands of Nicaragua." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61252/.

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In the past two decades, social movements advocating for food sovereignty, the most visible being Via Campesina (the peasant's way), have successfully articulated an alternative paradigm to the dominant models of industrial food production and free trade. Food sovereignty is constructed upon particular conceptions of the moral economies of peasants and assumptions about how peasants deploy moral values and economic practices to resist commoditisation. This ethnography establishes how peasants relate to the commoditisation of grain, land and labour in their everyday lives, and in turn reflects on what a food sovereignty rooted in campesino moral economies would look like. To do this, I conducted fieldwork in a village in the Matagalpa Highlands of Nicaragua, documenting campesinos' everyday practices, moral ideologies and social norms regarding the production, transfer and exchange of food, land and labour. This research breaks down the idea that market exchanges are only profit-seeking and gift-giving is solely the product of mutuality. I argue that campesino households and communities engage partially with capitalist markets whilst pursuing autonomy from them. This is achieved through resisting commoditisation to different degrees for different commodities, with moral norms allowing certain things to fall in and out of commodity status. Moral norms allow for grain and labour to be sold as a commodity in particular circumstances whereas fully resist the sale of land. Autonomy from the market is underpinned by ideologies of solidarity, shaped by the social embeddedness of exchanges determined by relations of kinship, affiliation and locality. Whilst these ideologies succeed in stalling capitalist accumulation, they can reproduce conservative notions of the family and disguise intra-community class inequalities. I show how market exchanges are frequently used to deliver solidarity and that family networks can also be used to extract profit: exchanges have become a contested battlefield, where exploiters can portray themselves as helpers.

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Noponen, Martin Raimo Andreas. "Carbon and economic performance of coffee agroforestry systems in Costa Rica and Nicaragua." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/carbon-and-economic-performance-of-coffee-agroforestry-systems-in-costa-rica-and-nicaragua(6a432d2d-72ce-4a7b-a8af-e0ed74bed9df).html.

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Coffee agroforestry systems (CAFS) sustain the livelihoods of many people globally at the same time as providing important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration that help mitigate climate change. These systems vary in their composition (especially density and species of shade tree) and management. Changes made to enhance their productivity will affect their climate change mitigation potential. With growing food demand and diminishing availability of agricultural land due to global population growth, as well as an increasing threat from global climate change the trade-offs between the socio-economic and net carbon sequestration performance in CAFS are important. The carbon sequestration and socio-economic performance of a range of CAFS varying in composition and management were assessed in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Measurements and modelled estimates were made of (i) greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from coffee cultivation (the carbon footprint (CF)), (ii) carbon sequestration potential into above-ground biomass and soil organic stocks and (iii) socio-economic performance (productivity and profitability), and their trade-offs analysed. The effects of agronomic management (conventional versus organic) and shade type (ranging from timber trees to full sun) on the CF of two long-standing CAFS experiments in Costa Rica Nicaragua demonstrated that management is the best predictor of the CF whereas shade type has a minor effect. The greatest contributor to the overall CF was N20 emissions from the input of J in applied organic and inorganic fertilisers. Shade systems with high levels of N input from leguminous tree pruning had the highest CF. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased over the first nine years of coffee bush and shade tree establishment in these experiments, although this differed amongst soil layers. Organically managed systems tended to have an increase in SOC in the top 10 cm of soil, though organic and conventional systems had similar (larger) decreases in SOC in deeper soil. Shade type and above-ground biomass had a smaller effect on SOC. Comparison of the CF of these experimental CAFS treatments with their C sequestration potential showed that increases in GHG emissions from production intensification can be compensated for or even outweighed by the increase in C sequestration into above-ground biomass, especially for shaded systems. However, if less productive, lower intensity CAFS are extended onto an area of currently forested land in order to compensate for the shortfall in profitability (compared with higher-intensity, higher-yielding systems), this land-use change causes additional GHG emissions from deforestation. This results in net GHG emissions for the whole system for the majority of shade types tested. Evaluation of the C and socio-economic performance of coffee farms in the regions around the two experimental sites showed that due to the huge variation amongst CAFS there is no single strategy for climate change mitigation that could successfully be applied across the range of farms. Instead it will be necessary to carry out accurate and site-specific farm assessments to inform advice and decisions on system improvement tailored to the needs of individual farms and environmental settings. The findings of this research suggest that there is a place in the C market for CAFS, however their design and management will determine the overall net benefits that can be achieved.

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Fitch-Fleischmann, Benjamin. "Essays on Economic Development and Climate Change." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19232.

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The first essay considers the relative effectiveness of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as channels to allocate resources. I use a catastrophic climate-related shock--Hurricane Mitch--to examine the political economy of these channels of aid distribution at the micro level. I combine extensive data on aid received by Nicaraguan households with data on municipal election outcomes and an exogenous, precipitation-based measure of hurricane impact. I find that the hurricane had long-lasting effects on the aid received by households from both NGOs and the government. In the short term, however, the government did not provide aid according to the objective measure of hurricane damage but instead provided aid along political lines. The second essay presents estimates of a relationship between extreme hot temperatures during gestation and a child's subsequent physical well-being in a sample of children in Peru, thus extending existing evidence constructed from U.S. data. Estimates are constructed using high-resolution gridded climate data and geo-coded household surveys. The results suggest that a period of extreme heat (a month whose average temperature is more than 2 standard deviations above the local average) in the period 1 to 3 months before birth is associated with lower weight at birth and a reduction in height (measured 1 to 59 months after birth) that cannot be fully explained by birth weight. There is no evidence of differential maternal investment, as measured by duration of breastfeeding, according to a child's exposure to extreme heat during gestation. The third essay asks whether improved treatment of HIV/AIDS in Africa can be achieved simply by paying health workers to do more. I present estimates of the impact of financial incentives paid to individual workers at public health facilities in Mozambique. The results suggest that piece-rate incentives increased the delivery of five out of fourteen health services for which treatment effects can be identified, with estimated increases ranging from 34 to 157 percent, depending on the particular service. I find no evidence of a corresponding decrease in the delivery of services that are not financially incentivized, suggesting that there is no "crowding out" of intrinsic motivation.

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Butterfield, William M. "Prizes for development the political economy of subsidizing good institutional outcomes /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3230.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008. Vita: p. 211. Thesis director: Roger Congleton. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-210). Also issued in print.

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Bücher zum Thema "Economic assistance in Nicaragua"

Eagleburger, Lawrence S. U.S. assistance to Panama, Nicaragua. U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, 1990.

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Eagleburger, Lawrence S. U.S. assistance to Panama, Nicaragua. U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, 1990.

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Eagleburger, Lawrence S. U.S. assistance to Panama, Nicaragua. U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, 1990.

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Eagleburger, Lawrence S. U.S. assistance to Panama, Nicaragua. U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, 1990.

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United States. Dept. of State. Office of Public Communication., ed. U.S. assistance to Panama, Nicaragua. U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, 1990.

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Eagleburger, Lawrence S. U.S. assistance to Panama, Nicaragua. U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, 1990.

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Sentā, Kokusai Kaihatsu, and Japan Gaimushō, eds. El Salvador, Nicaragua and Honduras: Economic development and international assistance : summary. The Ministry, 1993.

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Melrose, Dianna. Nicaragua: The threat of a good example? Oxfam, 1985.

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Nicaragua: The threat of a good example? Oxfam, 1989.

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Melrose, Dianna. Nicaragua: The threat of a good example? OXFAM, 1985.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Economic assistance in Nicaragua"

Lewis, Jane. "Economic Assistance." In The Politics of Motherhood. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003472308-11.

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Alexander, Kern. "Mutual Assistance and Economic Sanctions." In Economic Sanctions. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230227286_10.

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Peou, Sorpong. "Limits of Economic Assistance." In International Democracy Assistance for Peacebuilding. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590809_15.

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Peou, Sorpong. "Economic Impediments." In International Democracy Assistance for Peacebuilding. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590809_12.

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Langdon, Steven, Archibald R. M. Ritter, and Yiagadeesen Samy. "Development Assistance: The African Record." In African Economic Development. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315690506-19.

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Müller, Miriam. "The socio-economic context in Nicaragua." In Decision-Making Process around Teenage Motherhood. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28775-7_3.

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Navin, Mark. "How Demanding Is the Duty of Assistance?" In Economic Justice. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4905-4_14.

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Marer, Paul, and John Michael Montias. "The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance." In International Economic Integration. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09163-8_6.

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Van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance." In International Economic Institutions. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1930-8_8.

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Van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance." In International Economic Institutions. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1933-9_8.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Economic assistance in Nicaragua"

Howe, Susannah, Donna Riley, John Farris, Paul Lane, and Nola Reinhardt. "Work in progress - designing for economic empowerment in nicaragua." In 2007 37th annual frontiers in education conference - global engineering: knowledge without borders, opportunities without passports. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2007.4418038.

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Lipi, K., and K. Merollari. "ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE IN ALBANIA. ADMINISTRATION AND PROBLEMS OF THE NEW SCHEME OF ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE." In VIII International Conference "Science and Society - Methods and Problems of Practical Application". Premier Publishing s.r.o., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/viii-conf-canada-viii-146-154.

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Burkart, S., K. Enciso, M. Diaz, and R. Van Der Hoek. "Economic Benefits of Sustainable, Forage-Based Cattle Systems in Colombia and Nicaragua." In XXV International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0106.

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Albina, Rasskazova, and Rasskazov Sergey. "Principles of bank assistance to economic development." In 2017 Tenth International Conference Management of Large-Scale System Development (MLSD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd.2017.8109674.

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Lee, Chao-Yang, Chia-Fu Lee, and Hsin-Mu Tsai. "An economic assistance strategy for autonomous driving system." In 2015 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Systems (ARIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aris.2015.7158231.

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Cucos, Stela. "Social assistance system in the Republic of Moldova." In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.43.

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The social assistance system is an element of the national social protection system, in which social services and benefits are highlighted, the granting of which is intended to support the possibilities at the individual or group level in the direction of ensuring social needs, ensuring wellbeing, social inclusion, growth quality of life. The analysis of the social assistance system involves defining it, specifying the principles and objectives, organization and operation, identifying funding sources and highlighting some problems that need to be solved. The purpose of the research is to specify the particularities of the social assistance system in our country. The methods applied in the research process are: monographic method, analysis, comparison, deduction. The research results reflect the argumentation of the theoretical concept of social assistance, the content according to regulations and practical application, the identification and analysis of funding sources.

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Gao, F., and G. Q. Ming. "Economic Driving Assistance System Considering Power Demand and Traffic." In IET International Conference on Intelligent and Connected Vehicles (ICV 2016). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2016.1158.

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Yoserwan. "Harmonization of Law on Mutual Legal Assistance by Indonesia in Eradicating Transnational Economic Crime in ASEAN Economic Community." In 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights 2020 (ICLHR 2020). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210506.005.

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Colesnicova, Tatiana, and Valeriu Doga. "International experience concerning the special instruments in unemployment assistance." In Conference title: Economic growth in the conditions of globalization: International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2022.16.1.

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The implementation of various special instruments relating to unemployment assistance is analyzed in this scientific paper. The main focus is on analyzing the main ILO instruments as normative activities concerning unemployment allowances. The first instruments concerning unemployment assistance is the Unemployment Provision Convention No. 44 adopted in 1934 and the Unemployment Provision Recommendation No. 44 adopted in 1934 as instruments on social security. The second instrument is the Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention No. 168 adopted in 1988 and the Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Recommendation No. 176 adopted in 1988. The legislative acts adopted after increasing the level of protection offered and expanded the concept of social security to include additional forms of social assistance and services. There is a high importance on the ratification and implementation of the main of these legislative acts and recommendations for all countries and for the Republic of Moldova. Several research methods have been used in the elaboration of this work: monograph, analysis, synthesis, statistics, comparison, etc. This paper has been developed within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of science and innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.

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Ahmmed, Md Mortuza, Srikanta Kumar Mohapatra, Md Ashraful Babu, Zahir Rayhan Salim, M. Mostafizur Rahman, and Jayashree Mohanty. "Impact of Women’s Autonomy and Socio-economic Factors on Delivery Assistance in Bangladesh." In 2023 International Conference on Applied Intelligence and Sustainable Computing (ICAISC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaisc58445.2023.10199429.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Economic assistance in Nicaragua"

Anderson, G. W. Needed: A Twenty-First Century Vision for Economic Assistance. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada276752.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Foreign assistance investments contribute to U.S. economic growth and employment. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133435.

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Raettig, Terry L., and Harriet H. Christensen. Timber harvesting, processing, and employment in the Northwest Economic Adjustment Initiative region: changes and economic assistance. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-465.

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Monge-González, Ricardo, Oswald Céspedes-Torres, and Juan Carlos Vargas-Aguilar. South-South Remittances: The Costa Rica Nicaragua Corridor. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009004.

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Migration, while certainly not new, is on the increase all over the world. Indeed, the United Nations estimates that from 1990 to 2000 alone, the number of people who left their countries of origin rose by 14 percent, from 154 million to 175 million. The phenomenon is not only growing, but is having an impact on the economies of sending countries and receiving countries alike. The effect is visible in the labor market, income distribution, poverty, economic growth, and such areas as gender, health, education and human rights. In particular, remittances (money that immigrants send to friends or family in their countries of origin) have been growing rapidly throughout the world since the mid-1990s. Official figures in many developing countries show that these currency flows bring in more income than both foreign direct investment (FDI) and international development aid. Studies performed so far in Latin America show that remittance flows have a significant although moderate impact on economic and social development in receiving countries. However, these studies have failed to consider differences associated with the origin of remittances (i.e., North-South remittances versus South-South remittances). They implicitly assume that the impact of remittances is unaffected by the type of corridor through which they come. This document discuss that this assumption could prove to be mistaken if the socioeconomic profile of migrants is directly associated with the country to which they migrate and the kinds of opportunities they find for employment and compensation so as to send money home to families or friends.

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Chacon-Hurtado, Davis, Ruiman Yang, Eleni Bardaka, Konstantina Gkritza, and Jon Fricker. EconWorks Tools for Assessing the Wider Economic Benefits of Transportation Implementation Assistance. Purdue University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316553.

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Céspedes-Torres, Oswald, Juan Carlos Vargas-Aguilar, and Ricardo Monge-González. South-South Remittances: Importance of the Costa Rica-Nicaragua Corridor. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008704.

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Report commissioned by MIF and produced by consultant Ricardo Monge-González: First Study on Remittance senders and recipients from Costa Rica to Nicaragua. It includes size of remittances and economic assesment on the impact on the Economy and poverty reduction of Nicaragua .

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Eichholz, Rachel. Cash Assistance in Lebanon: Using short-term support to help families survive economic shock. Oxfam, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2018.3224.

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Jones, Christian, Michael Ropp, and Mason Martinez. COVID-19 Technical Assistance Program: Agrivoltaic for Rural Economic Development and Electric Grids Resilience. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1868134.

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Toossi, Saied, and Jordan W. (Jordan William) Jones. food and nutrition assistance landscape. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054020.ers.

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 15 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that affect the lives of millions of people and account for roughly two-thirds of USDA's annual budget. In response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, USDA launched additional temporary programs and implemented numerous policy changes that expanded the scope and coverage of existing programs. Together, these programs contributed to $183 billion in spending on food and nutrition assistance programs in fiscal year (FY) 2022 (October 1, 2021-September 30, 2022). This report uses preliminary data from USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) to examine program trends and policy changes in USDA's largest U.S. food and nutrition assistance programs through FY 2022. It also summarizes a recent USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) report examining the prevalence of household food insecurity in the United States in 2021 and another USDA, ERS report examining changes in food choices in the USDA Foods program.

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Jones, Jordan W. (Jordan William), and Saied Toossi. The food and nutrition assistance landscape. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8453401.ers.

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 16 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that affect the lives of millions of people and account for roughly two-thirds of USDA's annual budget. In response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, USDA launched additional temporary programs and implemented numerous policy changes that expanded the scope and coverage of existing programs. Together, these programs contributed to $166.4 billion in spending on food and nutrition assistance programs in fiscal year (FY) 2023 (October 1, 2022-September 30, 2023). This report uses preliminary data from USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) to examine program trends and policy changes in USDA's largest domestic food and nutrition assistance programs through FY 2023. It also summarizes two 2023 USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) reports including one that examines the prevalence of household food insecurity in the United States in 2022 and another that documents the share of households with school-aged children reporting that paying for school meals made it difficult to pay for other expenses after pandemic waivers allowing schools to serve free meals expired in 2022.--

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