Dissertationen zum Thema „Écologisme – Espagne“
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Beau, Cécile. „Représentations de la nature en Espagne : de l’exode rural à l'émergence d’un discours écologique (1950-2020)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA030031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpanish society, essentially agricultural until the 1950s, underwent an accelerated industrialization, promoted by Franco's government, which led to a rapid and irreversible decline of rural areas. These territories became depopulated spaces that the state allowed to decline in favor of the central core (Madrid), some peripheral regions (such as the Basque Country and Catalonia) and new coastal tourist centers. Through the analysis of the discourse on nature and the agrarian world from 1950 to the present time, this research work focuses on the role of the rural exodus in the socio-economic evolution of Spain and attempts to shed light on the way ecology has spread in this country as deruralization has progressed. The consequences of the disappearance of the peasant societies that once occupied the spaces that today are known as España vacía (empty Spain) have been relatively little studied. However, several writers of the second half of the twentieth century have studied the history of this "silent revolution": Miguel Delibes, Julio Llamazares Rafael Chirbes, among others, lament in their novels the fate of these regions and their inhabitants and highlight the contradictory relationship that Spaniards have with their rural past. Also, the former agricultural territories, neglected and marginalized by the public authorities, seem to be regaining the importance they once had in the eyes of the Spaniards. For rural Spain becomes a political issue from the moment we look at it, both in the past, questioning how to overcome the wounds caused by the civil war and the dictatorship, of which it still bears the scars, and in the future, through the question of how to respond to the environmental crisis, preserving nature and farmland
Márquez, Thomas Claudia. „Les oliveraies de montagne de la Sierra de Cadix (Andalousie occidentale, Espagne) : évolution récente (1956-2001) et enjeux de conservation d'un paysage agraire méditerranéen traditionnel“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMountain olive groves are analyzed as traditional Mediterranean agrarian landscape in crisis, halfwa) between a "marginal" agriculture and a secondary forest formation. The study was conducted in the Sierra de Càdiz, and seeks to understand the olive grove's landscape dynamics of recent decades, and their current place in the management of the territory. The approach, interdisciplinary, articulates a diachronie mapping, a floristic study of farms and interviews on practices / representations of the actors. Between 1956 and 2001 the area shows a stable olive-grove cover, explained by agricultural specialization and by a resilient dynamic of "round - trip" between olive parcels abandoned and those recultured during opportunity periods, thanks to the non-professional dominant profile, the small property and the plasticity of tree crops on cleared-forest land. Olive groves have a strong spatial heterogeneity - at the landscape scale and intra-plot - and a strong floristic diversity (Mediterranean fora refuge); aspects reinforced by extensive olive growing with productive, aesthetic and heritage interesting characteristics. Yet, dominates the discourse of the actors a quite a negative image of it. Logic of productivity seeking their standardization, or the perception of an olive out of place - representations constructed by comparing the specialized areas - point to the need of their valorisation by local managers and growers to consider them otherwise in the co-management of this space
Avilés, Benitez Anastasia. „Gestion soutenable des ressources naturelles et proximité, le cas de l'agriculture de dehesa en Andalousie“. Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDanet, Alain. „Interactions entre plantes dans un contexte de communauté : une approche expérimentale en Espagne et en Bolivie“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT160/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInteractions between organisms are key drivers of community composition and ecosystem functioning. Ecology has a long history of studies on negative interactions, such as predation and competition. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of positive interactions, such as facilitation in nature. The integration of these interactions into modern ecological theory has nonetheless lagged behind. This thesis aims at contributing to this research effort and addresses two core questions : (i) How does indirect facilitation (through protection against grazing) affect the functional structure (characteristics of trait distributions) of plant communities? (ii) Does the net effect of the interactions between a species pair (benefactor-beneficiary) remain valid in the presence of several beneficiary species at community level? We set up two insitu experiments in contrasted environments: a grazing exclusion experiment in tropical alpine peatlands and a transplantation experiment of sapling communities beneath adult plants in a mediterranean environment. Our results showed that indirect facilitation affects the characteristics of the environmental filter, species dominance and niche differentiation in the community. Our results also suggested that the composition of sapling communities modifies adult-sapling interactions, thereby questioning the possibility of extrapolating results from pairs of individuals to the community scale
De, Blois Sylvie. „Le paysage comme espace conceptuel et fonctionnel en écologie, analyse des composantes végétales de paysages agroforestiers“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61382.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCorral, Broto Pablo. „¿ Una sociedad ambiental ? : historia de los conflictos ambientales bajo la dictadura franquista en Aragón (1939-1979)“. Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation examines how environmental conflicts, during Franco's dictatorship in Aragon (1939-1979), became a component of social and political struggle against the regime. By combining local, regional and national data sources, we discovered how legal protests against industrial pollution from the early 1950s forced the regime to regulate industrial activities and expertise. Large dam projects and weak regulation during the 1960s transformed certain conflicts into radical social movements. In the early 1970s, the regime had to face discontented local authorities and an increasingly critical public opinion regarding environmental projects. The most problematic environmental projects included the first Ebro River Transfer, the large Pyrénées dams, the nuclear power plant settlements and industrial pollution. Since 1972 to free municipal elections in 1979, the anti-Franco opposition, every part of neighbourhoods affected, the new intellectuals and the new environmentalist associations joint subversive and legal actions to defend environmental quality. They mobilized urban and rural society against an "unfair distribution of environmental sacrifice", introducing "the right to the environment" within the democratization agenda. Since then, the State had to create new methods of control in order to respond to the emerging discontent regarding environment issues, while also catering to the special interests of the industrial manufacturers and lobbyists. Subrogation or subordination of these environmental claims, regarding national political parties and trade unions, emerged after the parliamentary elections of 1977 and generated the political ecology in Spain
Alard, Didier. „La Végétation pastorale de Normandie centrale. Phyto-écologie, agronomie et dynamique; conséquences pour la gestion d'un espace agricole en mutation“. Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKomac, Benjamin. „Effets des modifications de l'utilisation des terres sur la conservation des pâturages subalpins du Parc National de Ordesa Mont-Perdu“. Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany mountain ecosystems are significantly influenced by the interactions between human activities and biogeophysical factors, which can lead to the development of areas that have high biodiversity. This study examined the vegetation dynamics in the subalpine grasslands of the Ordesa Monte Perdido-National Park (Spanish Pyrenees) vis-à-vis a reduction in grazing pressure by livestock. The effects of grazing on the vegetation of the subalpine grasslands of OMPNP differed depending on the scale of the analysis. At the scale of the community, grazing disturbed the spatial distributions of plants in the community while at the landscape scale, grazing increased heterogeneity in the distribution of plant species. In the last 46 years, the area in the park occupied by Echinospartum horridum doubled (from 268 ha to 530 ha) with an expansion rate of about 2 m. Years-1. The spatial distribution of E. Horridum was mainly a function of biogeophysical factors (elevation, slope, solar radiation) where simulation of the expansion demonstrated the necessity of prescribed burning and grazing to limit the colonization. The populations of E. Horridum exhibited the characteristics of invasive plants and had a highest capacity for colonization. The demographics of the colonization of subalpine grasslands by E. Horridum suggests that, to impede the expansion of woody species, livestock grazing pressure will have to be maintained. The effects of differs among plant communities and the pastoral unit; consequently land managers are face with a dilemma, but the maintenance of past agropastoral practices is necessary in the conservation of biodiversity in the grasslands of OMPNP
Charlier, Bruno. „La défense de l'environnement : entre espace et territoire : géographie des conflits environnementaux déclanchés en France depuis 1974“. Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU1001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeyer-Grandbastien, Alice. „Perception écologique et sociale de la biodiversité des espaces verts urbains publics“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2e7b97f3-4889-4f6a-9d89-adb522b001da.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a context of increasing global urbanization, interdisciplinary research is needed towards an integrated and applied apprIn a context of increasing global urbanization, interdisciplinary research is needed towards an integrated and applied approach that articulates the environmental and social benefits provided by public urban green spaces (UGS). The first objective of this thesis was to analyze the underlying processes of the relationship demonstrated in the literature between species diversity in public UGS and psychological restoration of visitors. Our hypothesis was that landscape heterogeneity, an environmental parameter that is related to species diversity within public UGS, is perceivable by visitors and beneficial to their psychological restoration. Following the results, the second objective was to identify planning and management practices of public UGS that promote both biodiversity and visitors’ well-being. We showed that landscape configurational heterogeneity, precisely the mixing of the three strata of vegetation and flower areas, is perceived by visitors and favors their psychological restoration. Landscape heterogeneity is thus an explanatory factor in the relationship demonstrated between species diversity in public UGS and psychological restoration of visitors. We also showed that visitor’s perception of landscape heterogeneity is especially induced by variations in the vegetation height. Moreover, visitor’s gender, childhood environment, and diversity of activities have an influence on their perception of landscape heterogeneity. We then identified planning and management practices of public UGS that enhance the mixing of different heights of the three vegetation strata and flower areas
Rivere, Marc. „Socio-histoire du vélo dans l'espace urbain : d'une écologie politique à une économie médiatique… : Toulouse, Genève, Saragosse“. Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile it used to be quaint and unsuitable, it is now in free service and fashionable… Bicycles' recent renewal in urban spaces is the result of a process which was initiated during the 1970s under the influence of activists who claimed their belonging to the environmental wing of politics. This study seeks to understand how this « cause » was born and was then given recognition to eventually benefit to the new actors who, themselves, now vary its usages. As an entity which only makes sense in the public sphere, that is which claims a transformation of this very space and of its use to assert itself as a part of it, the bicycle highlights the enduring mutation of cities and of those who initiate it. Deliberately focusing on three cities where apathy towards a reconsideration of cars supremacy still dominates should help us understand the major role played by political, cultural, historical and economical facts in each city. Thus, studying the bicycle cause emphasises the contemporary expression of an ever changing society and allows a deeper comprehension of the evolutions of the public space for the past thirty years
Abi, Karam Dana. „Crise écologique et représentation médiatique : le cas libanais dans sa presse écrite nationale“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo speak of the environment in a country as Lebanon seems, at first sight for most Lebanese, a bit strange. Indeed, the continuous episode of war and consequently political and economic instability in the country hinders the introduction of ecology among the citizens’ preoccupations. Nevertheless, the reasons of the Lebanese environmental crisis cannot be reduced to the war consequences. They are more complex including political management, citizen’s conscience as well as media coverage. The protection of the natural resources starts with an intellectual metamorphosis. The environmental communication imposes itself then in various ways in the public space. This research in information Sciences and Communication questions the environment representation in three important Lebanese newspapers (Annahar, Assafir and L’Orient Le Jour). How is done the mediatization of this theme ? What is the nature of the ecological stakes ? To which point does the press manage to raise in the public opinion the awareness of the danger that surrounds it ? Do the social representations of the environment transform the choice and the events treatment ? To answer this, we conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the press articles in two times: one ordinary and another troubled. Joining two disciplinary fields (Medias and environment) brings us to a double reflection. On one hand, it allows us to question the present written press role in Lebanon, and on the other, it constitutes an opportunity to understand how a newspaper works and the laws defining the information choice and construction while taking into account the polemic character of the environment
Cadalen, Pierre-Yves. „Gouverner les communs environnementaux : l'Amazonie en Equateur et en Bolivie : conflictualité socio-écologique, échelles de pouvoir et espace global à l'heure de l'Anthropocène“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is about power relations around environmental commons in Bolivia and Ecuador at the beginning of our century. The chronological limits are from the early 2000’s to 2014-2015. It consists in studying the interactions between socio-ecological conflictuality of Amazonian spaces in both countries with the international projections led by Rafael Correa’s government in Ecuador, and Evo Morales’ one in Bolivia. Indeed, the ecological issue has become central to the diplomatic narratives of those governments and has become crucial to their international influence strategies. The two first parts of the PhD. are dedicated to the modalities of the international projections, and to the way their acquired political autonomy was caught up. This phenomenon is inscribed in what I call Ecological Power Relations. The conclusions I drew from this phenomenon invite us to think about a general framework of analysis of those relations, whose strength must be tested later on. That is the heart of the third part. I introduce the concept of Eco-power, which would determine, given the structuring reality of the Anthropocene, new power configurations and dynamics. The tensions around the indigenous autonomy, the Peripheral States’ national sovereignty, and climate justice, are observed through this prism. Eco-power is defined as the polycentric power of life and death over the specie, whose instauration and inertia strength depend on the imposition of unique time and space representation
Baudron, Paul. „Anthropisation d'un système aquifère multicouche méditerranéen (Campo de Cartagena, SE Espagne) : approches hydrodynamique, géochimique et isotopique“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01003775.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCance, Caroline. „Expériences de la couleur, ressources linguistiques et processus discursifs dans la construction d'un espace visuel : l'habitacle automobile“. Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlásquez, Martinez Lidia Ivonne. „La reformulation identitaire et le développement durable : les xochimilcas à Mexico : les enjeux des usages sociaux et politiques d'un espace naturel“. Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research intends to explore how the new discourse and policies on environmental conservation and natural heritage are interacting with and influencing the local dynamics and perceptions of space and territories. It is based on the case of the Xochimilco Lake, located at the heart of Mexico City, which used to be the city's main provider of water and vegetables and has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage. The study analyses how the recognition of the Lake as a natural reserve have modified the practices of the landowners and their representation of the Lake. It also ' looks at processes of social change within the local political arena whereby political action have been transferred from the agrarian sphere to the ecosystem management sphere. Thorough the study of the life trajectories of local actors, the author eventually explores how the recognition of the lake as a World Heritage has foster or re-shape local conflicts over land and natural resources at different scales, local, national and international
De, Vriese Hannes. „Mobilités écopoétiques et écritures de la nature : espace et paysage dans la littérature contemporaine en français“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation reflects on nature writing in French-speaking contemporary literature. Drawing on a corpus of literary texts from Europe (Chevillard, Michon, Mingarelli, Ollier, Réda, Rouaud, Simon, Tesson, Trassard) and the Caribbean (Chamoiseau, Glissant, Maximin), the author examines how awareness of ecological peril determines literary geographies and the representation of space more generally. North-American ecocriticism offers a part of the theoretical framework, but recent findings in European ecopoetics prove to be more suitable to analyse literature in French. The study shows that ecological awareness entails a new worldview that invalidates pre-existing representations of space. Thus, exploring the wilderness does not longer lead the observer to celebrate the sublime landscapes that nature offers him. On the contrary, the encounter with the wilderness tends to be unsuccessful, and if it entails any sublime experience, it is equally a temporary and a fragile one. Likewise, the prehistoric narrative does not longer rely on the literary strategies of the traditional prehistoric novel: rather than to reconstruct a prehistoric time and to show the triumphant arrival of humankind as does the latter, the contemporary narrative conducts in the present an uncertain and troubled investigation regarding the significance of prehistoric human traces. Literary texts thus show the discrepancy between the relativity of human history and the permanence of geological time. They underline the need to reconfigure traditional representations of space and question the central position that humankind attributes to himself. Literature then promotes space as a plastic and mobile entity. The garden more precisely appears to be a motive that reconciles human efforts of planning and managing with the disorderly energy of nature. Contemporary literary aesthetics appear then to be determined by an ecopoetic mobility that signals a new empathy with the world
In deze studie wordt het natuurschrijven (nature writing) in de hedendaagse Franssprekende literatuur ondervraagdUitgaand van een corpus van Europese (Chevillard, Michon, Mingarelli, Ollier, Réda, Rouaud, Simon, Tesson, Trassard) en Caribische teksten (Chamoiseau, Glissant, Maximin), bestudeert de auteur hoe de bewustwording van de ecologische crisis de literaire afbeelding van plaats beïnvloedt. Het theoretisch kader wordt deels door de Noord-Amerikaanse ecokritiek verschaft, maar de recente ondervindingen van de Europese ecopoetiek blijken nog beter aangepast aan de Franstalige literatuur. Het onderzoek toont aan dat de ecologische crisis een nieuw wereldbeeld meebrengt dat de traditionele weergave van plaats in vraag stelt. De verkenning van de wildernis leidt bijvoorbeeld niet tot een sublimering van het natuurlandschap, maar de ontdekkingen van de reiziger blijven beperkt tot een gedempt subliem, een tijdelijke gebeurtenis die op elk ogenblik onderbroken kan worden. Het prehistorisch verhaal vernieuwt evenzeer de literaire structuren van de traditionele prehistorische roman. Daar waar deze laatste de prehistorische tijd getrouw weergeeft en de triomf van de mensheid in beeld brengt, vertelt het prehistorische verhaal veeleer een twijfelende en angstig zoektocht omtrent de prehistorische sporen van de mensheid in het landschap. De relatieve historische tijd van de mens contrasteert zo met de ononderbroken eeuwigheid van de geologische tijd. Wat de literatuur dan naar voor brengt, is de nood om de bestaande verwoordingen van ruimtegevoel te herzien en om de mens te doen afzien van de centrale plaats die hij zich gewoonlijk toekent. Plaats is dan, zoals de teksten aantonen, een plastisch en mobiel gegeven. Zo blijkt de tuin een plek te zijn die de menselijke zin voor ordening en vormgeving verzoent met de ontembare energie van de natuur. De esthetische weergave van plaats in de hedendaagse literatuur beantwoordt zo aan een ecopoëtische beweeglijkheid als teken van een vernieuwde overeenstemming met de wereld
Nicolas, Yann. „Le peuplement piscicole du bas-Rhône : occupation d'un espace fluvial aménagé et typologie des sites de nursery et de refuge“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLombard, Latune Julie. „La compensation écologique : du principe de non perte nette de biodiversité à son opérationnalisation - analyse de l'action collective“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA040/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, the objective of ecological compensation for residual impacts on biodiversity is to achieve no net loss of biodiversity. A normative framework setting out about ten principles theoretically makes it possible to achieve this objective.We are therefore studying the implementation of biodiversity offset through three High Speed Railway projects. We analyze the actor's game around this implementation through the theories of collective action, and in particular the analytical framework of Translation proposed by M. Callon. This first analysis allows us to understand how biodiversity offset is a socio-technical object. We highlight that many actors with diverging stakes are mobilizing to implement ecological compensation. We show that there is a tension between the mobilization of actors and ecological requirements, these two aspects are not always compatible. The duration of the environmental services specifications and the associated retribution of landowners, who set-up biodiversity offset specification, is decisive for both human and non-human (biodiversity) mobilization. We then question the temporal spatial effects of collective action and its ability to achieve a net loss of biodiversity. We show that the measures could not be effective before the impacts began. Land management in France seems for the moment to be difficult to reconcile with the implementation of unanticipated biodiversity offset at a very early stage. We show that the majority of biodiversity offset sites are small in size, although larger areas seem more virtuous for biodiversity. Finally, we show that the sustainability of biodiversity offset measures can be assessed at different levels depending on (i) the type of land control (acquisition, agreement); (ii) biodiversity offset contracts (duration, content of the latter - sanctions in the event of failure to comply with obligations influence the maintenance of the measures); (iii) the management of the renewal of these contracts; (iv) the vocation of the owners of the sites (a public or private construction company does not initially have the role of conserving biodiversity, whereas an environmental NGO has the vocation); (v) the sustainability of the structures and assurances as to the future of the biodiversity offset measures sites in the event of bankruptcy; (vi) the monitoring and control of the implementation
Pacreau-Hervouette, Fanny. „La déchetterie, espace de concurrence entre recyclage et récupération. Approche ethnopragmatique du rapport des hommes aux déchets“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22135/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the time of recycling and sorting , waste sorting , tools implementation , are invested by many actors in search of items to collect . This research, requested by a local authority whereas optimized waste management involves consideration of human factors, is in the field of social demand. The anthropological exploration of the universe of waste can complete the technical and scientific older analyzes . This work reflects the need to understand the process by ethnopragmatique discourse practices established for disposal and those that are spontaneously grafted informal practices . Addressing issues of legitimacy and ontological that prevailed in the competition practice dedicated to the same goal , that of giving a second life to waste , this research is based on a careful examination of the ordinary and dumped on a study of written or spoken language stakeholders. It also focuses on the meaning given in the ordinary players, but in a broader context of environmental crisis and critique of consumer society, the act of throwing and than rehabilitate . She experimented both in the investigation in the way of realizing it, the bringing together experiences of differentiated land survey . It proposes a formal definition abyss frames and thought circumscribed by the initial field survey. It extends the knowledge on individual behavior , games players in connection with the waste. It refines the understanding of public and private organizations, their strategies, decision-making, the ability to change in waste policy
Gonzalez, besteiro Ana Maria. „L'eau qui fait conflit, le conflit qui fait ressource. Recherche qualitative autour des discours sur l'eau dans des espaces protégés de l'Alto-Guadiana (Espagne) et de l'Usumacinta (Mexique)“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2020_in_gonzalez_besteiro_a.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo cope with endemic water conflicts, which are often underlying but persist for years and seem to have become constitutive of certain territories, it appears that thought should be given to the way these conflicts are perceived by their own witnesses and actors. Hindsight evidences the inconsistencies between alarmist discourses on the problems, the promises to solve them, and the relative inefficiency of applied measures. This suggests that conflicts might have benefits that could explain their perpetuation, without regard to any permanent or occasional tensions that they eventually impose on the territory.This thesis reviews a 40-year-old conflict in the Alto-Guadiana river catchment (central-south Spain) from the point of view of reflexive and neo-materialist constructivism, and it is based on the political ecology methods that are discussed in the thesis. Its aim is twofold: i) to reach a middle ground on methodological issues to cope with reluctance of quantitative sciences against qualitative techniques, and ii) to demonstrate its usefulness and effectiveness by establishing new connections that usually escape the conscious gaze of territorial actors, including those of the techno-scientific water community, which participate on the same basis as other actors in the conflict situation dynamics.The functioning of the conflict within the protected natural areas of this Spanish river catchment and its replicate of Usumacinta in Mexico has thus been discovered using Grounded Theory qualitative and inductive techniques, by means of semi-structured interviews and direct observations. Both protocols for data collection and assembly and tools to extract meaning from transcriptions are described step by step, in order to ensure transparency and scientific reliability of the process, in the manner of natural sciences.The function of the conflict is discussed in four parts. The first one deals with the role of water data production and social representations in the search for solutions, in order to reveal the theoretical elements that make water an object of environmental conflict. The second part is devoted to the method of collecting field data and analyzing territorialized discourses on the water-related conflict. Thirdly, geosocial and political contexts of study areas are defined, and differences in perception between natural reserves and inhabited areas are underlined. The last part details the results of Grounded Theory analysis from collected empirical data. It highlights the mechanisms that drive the conflict to become a resource and the interest of territorial actors on its perpetuation.The gap between what is said and what is happening, i.e. the differences in conflict qualification between water knowledge community and other territorial actors, reflects realities of distinct nature, namely rivalries among territorial powers or social cleavage. These elements also highlight the mechanisms of conflict transformation into a resource, through the positive dynamics of the failure of proposed solutions and the benefits that conflict perpetuation brings to the whole society, which allows the development of an anchored conflict-resource Grounded Theory model.From this perspective, the purpose of this research work is certainly not to support pre-established solutions or to propose new ones, but rather to enable the actors concerned by the situation to look at themselves in a mirror, i.e. that of their own speeches and representations, in order to change their trajectory, if that is their choice, and to take knowingly the decisions that correspond to them
Ante la existencia de conflictos endémicos en torno al agua, a menudo latentes, que se mantienen durante años y parecen formar parte constitutiva de ciertos territorios, en esta tesis nos hemos preguntado sobre cómo son percibidos por sus actores y testigos, Este ejercicio retrospectivo ha puesto en evidencia las incoherencias entre los discursos alarmistas sobre la gravedad de los problemas, las promesas de solución y la relativa ineficacia de las medidas correctoras. Todo ello sugiere que el conflicto genera una rentabilidad que justifica su mantenimiento, más allá de las tensiones permanentes o esporádicas que suponen para el territorio.Esta tesis estudia un conflicto que se prolonga 40 años en la cuenca del Alto-Guadiana (España), a partir de una postura teórica constructivista reflexiva y neo-materialista que se apoya en métodos de la political ecology en discusión en este trabajo. Su objetivo es doble: por un lado, encontrar un marco de entendimiento metodológico, frente a las reticencias de las ciencias cuantitativas con los métodos cualitativos. Por otro lado, demostrar la utilidad y eficacia de las ciencias sociales para el estudio de los conflictos ambientales, por su gran capacidad para establecer conexiones inéditas que escapan a la mirada consciente de los actores territoriales, incluidos aquellos de la comunidad tecno-científica del agua que participan, como el resto de actores, en la dinámica del conflicto.Se ha intentado descifrar el funcionamiento del conflicto en espacios naturales protegidos del Alto-Guadiana con la relectura que a proporcionado la cuenca del Usumacinta (México), con el empleo de técnicas cualitativas e inductivas del Método de la Teoría Fundamentada, a partir de un corpus constituido por entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observaciones directas. Se han descrito paso a paso, los protocolos de compilación y ensamblaje de datos y las operaciones y mecanismos de extracción de sentido a partir de los discursos, con el fin de garantizar la transparencia del proceso, en un ejercicio de credibilidad científica tal y como se practica en ciencias naturales.La función del conflicto del agua en este territorio se discute en cuatro partes. La primera explicita los elementos teóricos que hacen del agua un objeto de conflicto ambiental, cuestionando el papel de la producción de datos sobre el agua y las representaciones sociales en la identificación de problemas. La segunda parte se dedica a los métodos de toma de datos de campo y al análisis de los discursos territorializados. La tercera parte, sitúa el contexto geopolítico y social de los territorios de estudio y subraya las miradas divergentes entre espacios vividos y espacios protegidos. Para terminar, la última parte detalla los resultados del análisis de los datos basados en el material empírico colectado y pone en evidencia los mecanismos por los que el conflicto pasa a ser un recurso, así como el interés de su mantenimiento para los actores del territorio.El desfase de la distancia entre lo que se dice y lo que se vive, y las diferencias de calificación del conflicto entre la comunidad del conocimiento del agua y los otros actores del territorio responden a realidades de otro orden: rivalidades de poderes territoriales o fracturas sociales. Estos elementos también ponen en evidencia los mecanismos de la transformación del conflicto en recurso, a través de una dinámica positiva del fracaso de las soluciones propuestas y gracias a las ventajas que el mantenimiento del conflicto procura al conjunto de la sociedad implicada. Todo ello nos ha permitido elaborar un modelo teórico de conflicto-recurso
Milon, Jean. „Un outil de gestion du territoire, OEÏKOS : conceptualisation d’un instrument d’analyse et de gestion des espaces urbains et ruraux concourant au développement synergique de l’ensemble des niveaux de planification de l’aménagement du territoire“. Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs we approach the year 2000, cities are becoming an ever growing economic stake. The city, as a social meeting place, has become an economic product which is, at the same time, strategic and cultural. The city planners are confronted with barriers constituted by government rules and laws. That is why, those concerned seem to lack the strategic material necessary to achieve their goal. Decentralization and the failure of our urban development plans have revived discussions. On how to use space. In this context, we must redefine the means of structuring urban and rural space, beginning with the district and ending with the whole region. In order to fill in this void, it has become absolutely necessary to conceive and create a means of economic an physical analysis which covers the ecological problems, linked with the management of urban an country space, and this in accordance with the supply and demand of land. That is why, to meet the requirements of an urban economy, we must requalify our urban concepts and abandon "zoning", we must also elaborate a network of urban and rural porperty and then, integrate physical and economic references which identify each bit of land and last but not least, take into account a threedimensional aspect of our space. This concept will make it necessary to rewrite some of the principles regarding the size of our cities, centered around an efficient and active life between the different communities, these again are based on variable indicators that release available space to be used by and assigned to neighbouring bits of land. All the elements that make up this system will be called OEÏKOS
Delabarre, Muriel. „Natures plurielles : pour une contribution à l'habitabilité de l'espace public contemporain“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research-action – which fields of analysis are located in the greater Lyons - relates to the question of nature and urban habitability. The particularity of the subject and its stake lie in the confrontation between the urban vision of public space, the physical approach to urban materiality and the consideration of the perception of natural and built environment. In this respect, this research involves more widely knowledge gathered around urban ecologies. First, we conduct an analysis about the natural and physical component of selected urban areas, their uses and their functions through an evaluation grid (1). The complexity of such an approach lies in the criteria used for the selection of indicators, especially when the object of the study reveals unstable spatially and temporally. This examination allows us to distinguish patterns of specific arrangements contained in each spatial configuration subject of the study. Then we take a keen interest in the ideational and subjective dimension, which appears to be the second side of habitability (2). We fall within the issue of experience through which the body and the senses of urban actors become part of the picture. Routes on sites offer us the opportunity to confront the vision of many stakeholders of urban production in order to collect their representations. Thus, by crosschecking empirical data from these two protocols of investigation, we are able to sketch plural figures of nature that constitute the habitability of living environments
Normand, Claude. „Pourquoi l'École se mêlerait-elle d'enseigner les langues étrangères ? : le cas de l'espagnol dans le secondaire en France“. Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/normand_c.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Spanish language has recently become part of the standard school curriculum for a large majority of French teenagers. Such an evolution of its status has not brought about drastic changes in the teaching methods: teachers still try to strike a balance between developing communication skills to meet social demands on the one hand, and maintaining the traditional link with humanities on the other. Since the core of such teaching is the collective commentary of documents, we have carried out a modelling of this activity, based on a corpus grouping together various types of approach. The model shows that the collective commentary of documents does not meet the demand for language autonomy required by the Official Instructions. Our case study is meant to offer a new, seminal concept for the teaching/learning of the Spanish language, together with other languages within the framework of the school system (including the native language). While meeting the social demands for communication efficiency, this type of teaching/learning can be a vital contribution to the teenager's building up his own language symbolical system, which will later determine the way he relates to the world around him
Steiner, Bruno. „Espace public et pensée-paysage : faire place au public par le paysage“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the making of urban public areas through the landscape focusing on two issues:- Through an epistemic approach of the landscaping project process, it intends to identify the conceptual founding principles characterizing a landscape-way of thinking the city, highlightening some paradigms that single it out: walk, map, garden.- Spotting out the risks and stakes involved in the “visibility crisis” that affects the public area nowadays in the double form of the co-presence modes that break down and of the dramatization of urban territories, it questions the new prospects opened by this new project culture to connect again political area and public areas. At the cross-road between aesthetics and politics, the making of public space can be the art to invent new processes of subjectification. The thesis considers the journeys and the tales, as raw materials to layout the areas establishing an emancipated audience; it explores some tactics of landscape writings
Piquette, Elodie. „Le Rhin : "projet" local ? : les modalités d'appropriation sociale d'un espace fluvial complexe“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to determine social conditions which help to link two separated socio-natural configurations on the canalized Rhine section : on one hand the river space, territory caracterized by specialized uses and global decisions ; on the other hand, the riverside territory, local and cross-border political space built among the river space. In order to understand the opening of Rhine planning process to local territories, the social appropriation will be analyzed as the actualization of various ideologies caracterizing social relations on the riverside territory and the Rhine space. This theoretical choice leads us to question about the political aspect of the Rhine river : how does it help to redefine social relations ? In which conditions ? Do the riverside territories have a function in the Rhine river governance mostly globalized ? Do the plans of management of nature take a part in the social change ?The thesis examine the whole of these questions in linking to contemporary territorial problematics social experiences of ordinary inhabitants, and pratical of management of nature
Franquet, Evelyne. „Occupation d'un espace fluvial par les diptères chironomidés à l'aval du Rhône : répartition des espèces selon la nature du substrat et les conditions de débit“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFournier, Jérôme. „Le proche espace sous-marin de la Manche : méthodologie pour l'étude et la protection du domaine benthique : application sur le site test de la baie de Lannion (Bretagne, France)“. Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResearches in biogeography are still rare and incomplete on submarine areas. Yet, this specific environment is entirely included in the coastal system. The preservation policy of these marine areas has actually a positive effect on the benthic domain, particularly threatened by human activities. Unfortunately, the protected areas are often empirically selected without any in-situ observations. This situation is mainly due to the lack of knowledge about benthic ecosystems functioning and the lack of laws for submarine areas preservation. Specific methods have to be elaborated in order to improve our knowledge on these areas, which is an essential step before carrying out any planning project. Only few maps are produced, although they are essential for the analyse of the benthic domain. From remote sensing to sub-aquatic diving, each tool gives different information related to the spatial-temporal scale considered. The research aims are to inventory species and medio, infra and circa littoral bioscenoses and map them in considering the spatial structures of the submarine domain. Moreover, an original study is carried out on the zosteraman'na ecosystem which is essential for to the coastal environment sustainability. The use of lands cape ecology principles and of insular biogeography theories allows us to consider the geosystem globally, including human activities. Some conclusions about an interconnected network of marine protected areas are proposed. This study points out a way to take biodiversity in account to develop sub-marine environment preservation
Radoszycki, Julia. „Résolution de processus décisionnels de Markov à espace d'état et d'action factorisés - Application en agroécologie“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis focuses on the resolution of problems of sequential decision makingunder uncertainty, modelled as Markov decision processes (MDP) whose state and actionspaces are both of high dimension. Resolution of these problems with a good compromisebetween quality of approximation and scaling is still a challenge. Algorithms for solvingthis type of problems are rare when the dimension of both spaces exceed 30, and imposecertain limits on the nature of the problems that can be represented.We proposed a new framework, called F3MDP, as well as associated approximateresolution algorithms. A F3MDP is a Markov decision process with factored state andaction spaces (FA-FMDP) whose solution policies are constrained to be in a certainfactored form, and can be stochastic. The algorithms we proposed belong to the familyof approximate policy iteration algorithms and make use of continuous optimisationtechniques, and inference methods for graphical models.These policy iteration algorithms have been validated on a large number of numericalexperiments. For small F3MDPs, for which the optimal global policy is available, theyprovide policy solutions that are close to the optimal global policy. For larger problemsfrom the graph-based Markov decision processes (GMDP) subclass, they are competitivewith state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of quality. We also show that our algorithmsallow to deal with F3MDPs of very large size outside the GMDP subclass, on toy problemsinspired by real problems in agronomy or ecology. The state and action spaces arethen both of dimension 100, and of size 2100. In this case, we compare the quality of thereturned policies with the one of expert policies. In the second part of the thesis, we applied the framework and the proposed algorithms to determine ecosystem services management strategies in an agricultural landscape.Weed species, ie wild plants of agricultural environments, have antagonistic functions,being at the same time in competition with the crop for resources and keystonespecies in trophic networks of agroecosystems. We seek to explore which organizationsof the landscape (here composed of oilseed rape, wheat and pasture) in space and timeallow to provide at the same time production services (production of cereals, fodder andhoney), regulation services (regulation of weed populations and wild pollinators) andcultural services (conservation of weed species and wild pollinators). We developed amodel for weeds and pollinators dynamics and for reward functions modelling differentobjectives (production, conservation of biodiversity or trade-off between services). Thestate space of this F3MDP is of size 32100, and the action space of size 3100, which meansthis F3MDP has substantial size. By solving this F3MDP, we identified various landscapeorganizations that allow to provide different sets of ecosystem services which differ inthe magnitude of each of the three classes of ecosystem services
Origo, Nadia. „Approche socio-spatiale de la réhabilitation des sites industriels pollués“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040181/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe socio-space approach of the rehabilitation of the polluted industrial sites is based on two supports of analysis: environmental components and the executive framework. This study, which relates primarily to France, made it possible to emphasize the major failures of an operation of rehabilitation of site, generally reduced to two factors: costs and techniques of depollution. This approach stresses that there is a dimension of the rehabilitation of the sites, which should be considered. It is a question of considering it, since depollution until the reuse of a site. It led starting from the Total site of Vendin-le-Vieil and other sites taken in example to expose some direct orientations, which would channel the useful and durable reuse of a site from its environmental immediate and of the executive context into force. These orientations led to the development of a model diagram tested on the boubiers of flaring of l’Ile Mandji in Gabon (Central Africa). The objective in the long term is to consider the design of a Socio-space System of Management of the Sites and Sols Polluted
Roy-Malo, Olivia. „Le lac de l'Est, un espace négocié : ethnographie d'un processus de création d'aire protégée dans la région de Kamouraska“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCe mémoire observe le processus de création d'une aire protégée dans le secteur du lac de l'Est situé à Mont-Carmel, une municipalité rurale de la région québécoise du Bas-Saint-Laurent. Le lac de l'Est est aussi sujet à un projet municipal de « gestion multiressource » inspiré du modèle des forêts communales. Dès lors, cette étude de cas permet d'observer l'aire protégée comme un espace négocié au travers d'activités de planification portées par les acteurs impliqués dans ce processus décisionnel. Ces activités sous-tendent des rapports à l'espace et au temps qui éclairent les significations que revêtent ces deux projets. L'analyse avancée dans ce mémoire se penche donc sur la question de la négociation en documentant ce à quoi aspirent les acteurs au travers de l'aire protégée et de la forêt communale. Ces aspirations, décrites comme des projets politiques, se construisent dans des contextes sociohistoriques particuliers et marquent des rapports à l'environnement qui colorent les discussions de la création de l'aire protégée au lac de l'Est. Cette recherche, se campant dans une démarche d'écologie politique, réfléchit au façonnement des environnements par les systèmes institutionnels. Mots-clés : Aire protégée, Conservation environnementale, Planification, Écologie politique, Anthropologie, Politiques environnementales
This thesis analyses the implementation process of a protected area in the sector of Lac de l'Est situated in Mont-Carmel, a rural locality of Quebec's Lower-St Lawrence region. As a negotiated space, Lac de l'Est is also the object of a multiresource management project based on the communal forest model. This case study looks at the protected area as a space negotiated through planning practices conducted by the social actors involved in this decision-making process. Those practices entail space and time conceptualizations that stress the importance and significations of those two projects. This negotiation is scrutinized through the aspirations of the different actors reflected in the project of the protected area and the one of the communal forest. These aspirations, described as political projects, are forged into particular sociohistorical contexts and influence the relationships of those actors with the environment. Those dynamics are of a great importance, as they influence the discussions about the creation of the protected area of the Lac de l'Est. This anthropological research, building from a political ecology perspective, reflects on the articulations of institutional systems with the shaping of our environments. Keywords : Protected area, Environmental conservation, Planning, Political ecology, Anthropology, Environmental politics
Ndione, Méry. „Dynamique et identification des sources de contamination fécale dans un espace littoral connaissant des pratiques de tourisme et de loisirs : l’exemple de la baie d’Aytré“. Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe microbiological quality of bathing water is progressively decreasing from year to year, and can constitute a major public health problem. Thus, sanitary monitoring of the microbiological quality of bathing waters is carried out in accordance with the European directive (2006/7/EC) to ensure the sanitary safety of bathers and preserve the image of these recreational ecosystems. For many years, the bay of Aytré (Charente Maritime, France), has been classified as "poor quality" and this beach is prohibited for bathing since 2018. The health issues and the preponderant role of this beach on the tourism development and the local economy led to investigate the origin and the spatiotemporal determinism of this fecal contamination. This thesis presents an integrated approach to the analysis of the fecal contamination of Aytré Bay through a multidisciplinary study of different hypotheses analysed since the beginning of the 2000s by the local authorities. The level of fecal contamination of the bathing water during a year was relatively low with a notable seasonal variation in the abundance of the fecal contamination indicators Escherichia coli and enterococci. Exceedances of the regulatory thresholds on 24% and 32% of the water samples from Platin Nord and Platin Sud, the two bathing sites in Aytré Bay, were mainly due to enterococci. The microbiological quality of the sediment over time showed that the sediment was not a diffuse source of contamination in the water. The combined analysis of protein, genetic and chemical markers revealed the presence of enterococci species of environmental origin on the one hand, and on the other hand, a contamination of mainly animal origin and a small contribution from human origin. The analytical strategy and tools developed during this study will help to improve the sanitary surveillance methods of bathing waters
Gbetoglo, Edem Messanvi. „Les impacts de la biophilie et de la connexion avec la nature sur la productivité et le bien-être des employés : une revue de portée de la littérature“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70313.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite the growth of studies on the link between indoor work environment quality and employee productivity, the impacts of connectedness to nature within offices on employee well-being, satisfaction, and productivity remain less studied. The objective of the study is to conduct a scoping review of available research published between 2015 and 2020 on the impacts of biophilia and connectedness to nature on employee productivity and well-being as well as corporate strategies. The analysis of the studies shows that more and more companies are highlighting the integration of natural elements in the workspace as well as their benefits in terms of psychological connection and employee behaviors. In addition, there are differences in the spatial quality of the workspace, particularly between traditional green offices and coworking offices. This study highlights the need for companies to develop natural outdoor workspaces in addition to traditional green offices. This work also highlights the practical implications of the impacts of employee connection to nature for occupants, green office designers, and managers alike. The discussion also highlights the impact of the pandemic crisis on workspace design, ecology, and corporate budgets.
Azémar, Rémi. „Le mégalithisme du Larzac aveyronnais : interface d'un phénomène et gestion des espaces“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe long time, singular ecological contrasts enable to seize the particularities of the Larzac in Aveyron and it’s relation to space to the changes of the agricultural system. The long time from the early Final Neolithic Age, even from the Middle Neolithic Age, to the Bronze Age marks a time of constructions and reuse. In this large temporal amplitude, a situation with an interface in contact with numerous influences on a major axis of the Megalithism creates the variety. The relation to space is included into a mix of association of soils with the ways and means of the agricultural system where the monuments are located in appropriated spaces. So, their seedling unveils a settlement pattern. At a regional level, as well as in the Larzac, preferential or abandoned occupation areas individualize themselves dictating spatial unities based on agricultural potentialities, complementarities and opening capacities. Expansion or separation rhythms in recent prehistory could dilate or contract spatial regions and their components, without being excluded of their independences. The scale level and the Larzac model should not induce a smoothing. Other regional and environmental realities could contribute to nuanced forms of ancient settlement including Les Grands Causses. This spatial investigation over the long term and avoiding the anachronism pitfall, can join the current research on Megalithism and its systemic analysis open to disciplinary approaches convergences
Banzo, Mayté. „L'espace ouvert pour une nouvelle urbanité“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618968.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoutre, Julien. „De Grenoble à Sofia : une sociologie des parcs et jardins publics en milieu urbain“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe parks and gardens, in contrast to the buildings and the perennial buildings of the cities, are alive. Through the seasons and years they change, the trees grow, the leaves fall, the flowers hatch and fade. In the same way that men maintain their bodies, care must be taken of these green spaces. In this perspective, green spaces are both social actors and social spaces, and they can be considered as producers of territorialities, elaborating rules of appropriation, stories, myths and the meaning they hold. This thesis aims to study how these territories can be producers of public action and meaning, both for public decision-makers, professionals of green spaces and users. Through three different angles of approach, we approach the public parks of Grenoble and Sofia by history, representations and uses, and finally by an aesthetic dimension that is specific to them, and which allows to highlight processes Common to all urban environments, such as stakeholder conflicts, gentrification or patrimonialization.Although many studies deal with green spaces, not only in sociology, but also in urban planning, geography, political science, the work we propose here is original and proposes to approach this theme of the park from an unprecedented angle. Indeed, this study highlights a strong comparative dimension with a terrain that has taken place in very different cities, distant geographically and culturally. In addition, the study does not center on a particular space, but on a myriad of parks and urban gardens scattered in both cities. So it is more global and structural phenomena that have emerged and emphasized. Finally, this study is also original in the sense that we propose to mobilize an urban sociology rather than a sociology of the environment to deal with these spaces. We propose a critique of the sociology of the environment and show that it is not necessarily the most relevant to understand the functioning of urban parks
Hubert, Jean-Paul. „Recherche sur les relations entre mobilités et discontinuités dans l'espace géographique“. Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010527.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhether he wants to describe the earth, find hin bearings on it, or plan his settlement, man must first identify different places within the spatial continum. Standing out against a discontinous scenery, a place acquires a position within an overall structure. What phenomenological process leads to the constitution of the geographical id3entity of a place, and how real can this identity be? This thesis examines the a priori possibility, in the kantian sense, of objective discontinuities that might, at the same time, be the theoretical instrument of geographical knowledge and the practival instrument of political action. We study the fundamental concepts of geography on several levels, for each discourse on the diversity of the earth presupposes a certain idea of what spatial discontinuities are (to be analysed in geometric terms), together with a particular conception of the man-nature relationship and of political action (which have to do with philosophy). We look at vidal's possibilism, location economics and structural geography. The latter distinguishes itself by choosing dynamic abstract forms as object of knowledge, and by avoiding some of the contradictions of the other approaches. It clarifies the notion of geographical space in relation to "catastrophe theory" and proposes an innovative view of political order founded on the structural stability of objective geographical forms. We examine the epistemoligical foundations of G. Ritchot's "urban form theory" by presenting a phenomenology that explains its transcendantal and moral a priori principles. We go on to propose a theory of the geographical scales that allows us to get out of the urban context and to endow the spatial representations used by other social sciences with geographical objectivity. .
Martinez, Adeline. „Une construction « volcanique » de l’espace social : analyse anthropologique de la réinstallation post-catastrophe d’un village des hautes terres du volcan Merapi (Java, Indonésie)“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0684.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBased on a thirty month ethnographic survey, this thesis focuses on a resettlement process of a Merapi volcano upland village (central Java in Indonesia) following the eruption of 2010. Through diachronic and synchronic approach of this process, this thesis shows that beyond social changes, socio-spatial reconfigurations, economic and political issues raised by the implementation of the resettlement program by the Indonesian government, significant elements of the village social space have been maintained : permanence of residential proximity relations, maintenance of organization and social unity, maintenance of relationswith the former village territory and with the surrounding forest, similar ritual spatial anchorage. This continuity, several years after the resettlement, highlights the existence of specific modes of territoriality related to the volcano. These modes are part of a long ecological history, of the history of relations with the central power and the traditional regional power as well as of a specific relationship to the land in which the volcanic entity is completely integrated into the human social life. The analysis of this long-term resettlement process, using a multi-scale approach integrating the village's relations with the outside world, shows that the uncertainty, inherent in the regional volcanism, is socially structuring and, in addition, that it shapes a milieu of certainty. It is in this sense that one can speak, to evoke the Merapi volcano upland space, of a "volcanic" construction of the social space.Keywords: Post-disaster resettlement, Social Space, Volcano, Java, Indonesia
Mehdi, Lotfi. „Structure verte et biodiversité urbaine. : l'espace vert : analyse d'un écosystème anthropisé“. Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR1804.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research work focused firstly on the analysis of the green structures, their spatial organization, evolution, management and uses in the area of greater Tours. Secondly, we analyzed the influence of the anthropological activities, particularly management operations and users' practices, on the communities of the lawns of public green spaces. Thirdly, we examined the effect of the urban gradient on the botanical composition of urban afforestations.The spatial analysis of the evolution of the green structures of Tours has demonstrated that green spaces which were not protected by a special status (heritage site, ecological value, flood-risk area, etc.), have disappeared, been split up or become highly artificial. This work highlights the spatial structure of the floristic communities according to the gradient of frequencies in lawns, and the urban gradient in the case of wooded areas. In the presence of intensive management, as with urban lawns, the effect of the environment's variables appears to be reduced
Mayer, Sibylla. „Lieux de prostitution : une analyse sociologique de la prostitution de rue à Luxembourg“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBased on a research about the places of street prostitution in Luxembourg City, this thesis offers an ethnography of its various situations without reducing prostitution to a mere sexual and monetary exchange. Through paying attention to the situations and interactions, to the constraints and resources with which people who prostitute themselves have to deal with, this work examines the places of prostitution under their human, social, material, spatio-temporal, regulatory and meaningful dimensions.Yet, to understand the place of prostitution in the city and in the society, it is necessary to call on a socio-historical perspective so as to reveal by what means the local populations, as early as the 1990s, contributed to the formation of a “prostitution problem” that required the intervention of the authorities, and primarily of the local governments. Its resolution by the authorities involved explanatory theories and moral judgments, and gave rise to diverse forms of public action. Finally, it is shown how imposing, on behalf of public order, a distinction between forbidden or authorized places for prostituting, and the entire balance of power passing through them, lead the people who prostitute themselves in the public space to continually renegotiate a local social order. Across the board, this thesis studies the social tensions that crystallize around the articulation between sexuality and money, on the one hand, and their social visibility, on the other hand
Déverin, Yveline. „Le corps de la terre : Moose de la région de Ouagadougou : représentations et gestion de l'environnement“. Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010652.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctor's thesis principally uses the methods of ethnoscience. The social and human sciences (philosophy, ethnology, anthropology and sociology), when based on ethnolinguistics and applied from a geographical perspective, help us understand the relations between people and their environment. The mossi see the world as being in their likeness and at their service. The world comprises not only "nature" but also space and time, which are defined and measured with regard to mankind. This anthropomorphic and anthropocentric conception enables the geographer to understand certain practices having to do with the management of the environment. It also helps him explain the way the mossi are seen by their non-mossi neighbors. This geographical approach sheds light on the homogeneity and coherence of an original way of thinking that structurally unites the conception of mankind and the conception of the world. In fact, it unites them so closely that image cannot be distinguished from object. In ougadougou but also in rural areas, major changes are occurring in the values governing behaviors. Tradition is adapting to these new exigencies. However the mossi logic is still functional, because it is tied to fundamental representations of the bonds that unite people both among themselves and to their environment. This dualism helps explain several reactions: what is a priori. .
Patoyt, Estelle. „Ecriture de l'aventure et quête identitaire dans l'oeuvre de l'écrivain chilien Francisco Coloane (1910-2002)“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30063/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims to show how the narratives of Francisco Coloane contribute to the definition of a regional Austral identity through the representation of exceptional natural spaces and the description of maginalized human societies whose way of existence is determined by its natural milieu. Coloane’s writing testifies to a desire to lift the veil on an unknown, isolated and fantasized reality and to understand the essence of the Austral world. The space explored in Coloane’s stories and novels is first of all that of the author’s personal experiences in Patagonia, where he discovered men, but above all places, an otherworldly nature that would become the foundation of a unique poetic universe. In keeping with the settings of his narratives, Coloane’s novels are adventures. Close reading reveals, however, that adventure isalways confounded here with the quest for self-knowledge : Coloane’s Austral heroes are engaged in a pursuit for identity whose meaning is also collective, to the extent that their novelistic trajectory is representative of the destiny of a community. At the same time, maritime space, Coloane’s work takes on a universal dimension, for adventure at sea, imposing on man a permanent confrontation with death, becomes the occasion for metaphysical examinations. The stakes of this adventure are not only ontological: Coloane’s work is an intellectual adventure fully anchored in the physical and cultural context of Chile’s southern territories, navigated by erudite, investigative narrators—geographers, naturalists and ethnologists of the Austral world. Coloane’s texts are vehicules for the transmission of an encyclopedic range of knowledge about Chile’s southernmost regions. They participate in the understanding of a world that remains nevertheless essentially mysterious. Finally, the concern for truth which underlies Coloane’s writing must also be understood as a desire for justice : his texts make visible the workers forgotten by official history as well as the indigeneous inhabitants of the extreme southern territories, decimated by the promoters of industrial exploitation in the region. From this heuristic and critical perspective, Coloane unveils a tragic reality long obscured by the veil of a utopia that transformed Chile’s outermost regions into the stuff of romantic legend. Abandoning such myths, Coloane nevertheless imagines the survival of the Austral identity in the permanence of intimate connections between man and his milieu
Rebaï, Elyssa. „Esthétique et poétique des jardins : entre art et science, parcours et discours dans la fiction sandienne“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis entitled "esthetic and poetic of gardens: between art and science, path and speech in Sandian fiction" aims to study the place of garden especially in novels, tales and short stories of George Sand. The challenge of this research is to prouve that the garden for Sand is not just a backdrop, an element of flourish, or a pure topic. In contrast, it takes on a considerable scale in the author's work, even becoming a speculative object able to rethink genres and esthetics at the same time and generating rich reflections related to art (painting, architecture, drawings) and science (botany, ecology, horticulture, mineralogy) in the 19th century. The garden occupies a prominent place in the work of Sand due to its various diegetic, poetic and symbolic functions within the diegesis, but also because of its aptitude to be a pathway within which the walker can promise himself various pleasures and evolutions. The garden becomes in that way, a complete world by itself, a rich and impactful place, a veritable crucible of signs and meanings that the author uses to convey her ideology, her esthetic preferences, her intimate thoughts, her idealism, as well as her life philosophy
Nahmias, Paula. „L’habiter citadin interrogé par l’agriculture urbaine“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWithin the framework of a research in social geography, this thesis is interested in the urban agricultures, particularly in those practiced or lived by the city-dwellers: the professional farming that makes the periurban landscapes, the farms involved in short food supply chains, hobby farming, family and community gardens, public places used as farming places. According to location, mutual features and metropolitan governance, we proposed a definition of the urban agriculture which joins in a constructive way intra- and peri-urban spaces, professional and hobby farms, private, public and auto-appropriate agricultural spaces.The study took place in the city of Rennes, in Brittany (France), on the basis of exploratory surveys, on the basis of participating observation and on the basis of twelve in-depth interviews with gardening citydwellers who live the town and country relationship in terms of productive activities but also in terms of sociability, food practices and agro-ecological initiatives. The main results of the thesis are among four. Firstly, the in-depth description of the modes of involvment in the gardens as a spatial issue which represents today the productive nature in the city. Secondly, thanks to a topological approach and to its associated mapping, the highlighting of lived spaces richness for the inhabitants-gardeners, spaces which exceed widely the only current gardening place. Thirdly, "polytopic networks" built by the agricultural experiences of the city-dwellers are sources of questioning not only on the modalities of farming but also on the food and on their contribution to the construction of the city. Fourthly, the agricultural production can be considered as an urban function reconnecting the inhabitant with his environment, thus renewing the inhabiting modes, itemized as three "gardening attitudes": "clever gardener", "rurban gardener" and "militant gardener"
Verollet, Anne. „Les conquérants de l’invisible- L’agglomération chambérienne à l’épreuvedu handicap visuel“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis in sociology aims at describing the ambivalent relationship that visually impaired persons, whether they are blind or partially sighted, develop with their urban area, here that of Chambery.First, it shows that, for these disabled persons, urban space is a space where they feel locked in : the reading, the knowledge, the use of this space are restricted, submitted to imperatives such as the walking stick, the locomotion technique, the use of tools provided for them by the city. Living in the private space is also subject to many constraints. The loss of eyesight reduces ontological safety, which is altered by pain and often by loneliness.And yet urban space is the space where visually impaired persons can live and move self- autonomously. Their autonomy is made possible by two actors: on the one hand, the city which carries out urban improvements in its accessibility to conform to the law- sometimes even before the bill was passed as is the case with the city of Chambery which was rewarded for its achievements in favour of disabled persons ; on the other hand, the disabled persons themselves who need to conquer their autonomy at the expense of demanding personal efforts. “ I have to learn my job as a disabled person”, said one of them in an interview. Conquering one’s autonomy shows similarities to ‘’the real-life situation’’…. This conquest not only takes into account the environmental and situational aspect of the handicap, but it also places the blind or partially impaired person in a specific position with regard to urban space. An extension to the sociological analysis of Gibson’s ecological theory relating to perception proposes to consider visually impaired persons in a specific relationship with urban space, conjuring up the concept of ecological niche
Tsitsy, Sijoscky Alex. „Environnementalistes et Mbororo : esquisses des représentations de l'espace au Parc National de Waza (extrême-nord Cameroun)“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is focused on the conflictual relationships between the Environmentalists (State of Cameroon; Project Waza-Logone, parc agents, international NGOs) and the half-nomad pastors by the name of mbororo, to whom the same territory is an environnemental bank for the former and a social bank for the latter. This contribution goes from the protagonists, to question the conflicts, in order to encompass their producers that are the representations. Thus, out of ethnography and of the analysis, are created these main conflicts due to nomad pastoralism, to the collection of material of constructions, food products, and traditional therapists. This latter are brought about by a flagrant ignorance that faces the mbororo with the tryptic protection-conservation- valorization of the ecology holders. However, this situation makes that the level of coercition is confronted to the permanent violation of the norms to be upheld. By exploring the conflicts, the parc represents to the Environmentalists a bank of genetic biodiversity in situ; all the biodiversity stays there. It is a business product valuable by tourism, without omitting that there is also a space appropriated by the State of Cameroon, which is the legal owner of the space. On the mbororo side, it is about an expropriated space and the orchestrated expulsion by the Environmentalists is a vibrant proof. The plantation and the place of memory are two others representations, validated by the fact that they are refuelled in diverse products to meet their needs, then it is inside that space that the connection with their lives and nature is made. Having measured the conflicts and the visible limits as far as the solution is concerned, we argue about some hypothesis proper to engage the protagonists toward the new understanding of the respective stakes. At last, they are located at different registers, translated into practical propositions capable of allowing a truly co-management
Rangé, Charline. „Multi-usage des ressources et mobilités : l'intensification dans une zone humide sahélienne. Le lac Tchad vu par sa fenêtre camerounaise“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Lake Chad is unique in the Sahelian band. Whereas large scale irrigated schemes has characterized the other wetlands, here the development of agriculture, cattle breeding and fishing has been based on the use of the water floods and on mobilities. Almost virgin until the 1940s, the Lake has become a highly populated and cosmopolitan area, exporting diversified foodstuffs to the urban markets of the sub-region. Through the analysis of agrarian and territorial dynamics of the Cameroonian lake shores, this research questions to which extent multi-use of the natural resources and mobilities may allow further agricultural intensification and population increase in such an uncertain environment.Closer complementarity and synergy between activities pave the way for ecological intensification and territorial development inducing wealth and job generation. Due to its marginal nature, the Cameroonian part of the Lake has been the place of continuous social innovations, ensuring to a great diversity of people the access to productive assets and markets. In this sense, it has been actually decisive for the dynamic of intensification. Hydro-ecological, economic and demographic uncertainty has been integrated into the “normal” functioning of the agrarian system and territory. Nowadays, the political uncertainty threatens the future of the Lake Chad. It results both from agricultural and environmental policies and from conflicts between local authorities, that are constitutives of the relation between the State and the populations
Boufflet, Stéphanie. „Le processus de renaturation de la capitale chinoise à l'aube des années 2000 : un "souffle vert" sur Pékin ?“ Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737494.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoupon, Frédéric. „Trois poètes du sauvage : Robinson Jeffers, Gary Snyder et Kenneth White“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoetry and ecology enjoy a deep relation relationship with scientific discourse usually thwarts. Yet, poetry expands our imaginary powers. In the United States, Robinson Jeffers (1887-1962) sings of the wild beauty of the Californian coast in his short poems. Following in his steps, another Californian, Gary Snyder (1930-), settled in the Sierra mountains, pursues a literary oeuvre he started at the beginning of the Beat Generation. Being a true man of the mountains, his poems and essays question the issues raised by a poetical ecology. For Robinson Jeffers and Gary Snyder, “the wild” is a key notion, descending from H. D. Thoreau. Their literary works deal with life “in the wilderness”, life in the open air, in proximity with beasts, rocks, and men. Do France and Europe have such a poetical tradition? Writer Kenneth White (1936-), born in Scotland, is a French poet writing in English who is part of this literary school, which he calls “geopoetics”. His literary enterprise is most definitely oriented towards the natural, geographical spaces and the books that celebrate them. White is a link that allows the fitting of a poetry that refuses to be totally invaded by that which is entirely Terrestrial, in a comparatist approach. By studying the rapport between poems and space (Part I), we have found that they were in line with an American poetry history, where such figureheads as Ezra Pound, Charles Olson and William Carlos Williams are dominant. These three poets make aesthetic choices we must examine and distinguish between (Part II). As it happens, Jeffers’, Snyder’s and White’s poems reveal that a form of poetry that cares about ecology leads to an ecology of poetry, born in specific loci, developing in a specific climate, just as wild plant, a beast, an Indian, a Japanes monk or an American cowboy would. Poetry’s oïkos is the Earth ; the call of wild poetry is to offer new life – a wild paideia, perhaps (Part III)
Vodouhe, Sèlognon Gilles. „Hautepierre : un éco-quartier modèle pour la ville de Strasbourg : utopie ou réalité ?“ Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStrasbourg City choice of a “garden area” method of urban planning as the Urban Renewal Project (PRU) of Hautepierre area is not without questioning specialists interested in the subject. This thesis analyzes the potential resources of Hautepierre area to be reorganized into a “garden area”. This research sheds also lights on the elaborating process of the PRU, the involvement of the inhabitants, and the principal actors of this project (inhabitants, social landlords bailleurs sociaux, professionals and political representives). Evaluating the participation of Hautepierre inhabitants in the elaboration of the Urban Renovation Project (PRU) in term of capability reveals that there is no real active participation of these inhabitants. The “garden area” appears as a compromise between the National Urban Renewal Agency (ANRU) security requirements and the demand made by the inhabitants to preserve green areas. This choice is also symbolic in regard to the history of Hautepierre area and its socio-economic caracteristics