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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Écologie des communauté“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Écologie des communauté"
Jambou, Maël, Alice Herbelin und Armel Chebbi. „Écologie industrielle, écologie territoriale : les jeunes chercheurs s’emparent des questions épistémologiques et d’interdisciplinarité“. Natures Sciences Sociétés 26, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2018): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2019010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleINGRAND, S., und B. DEDIEU. „Numéro spécial : Quelles innovations pour quels systèmes d'élevage ?“ INRAE Productions Animales 27, Nr. 2 (01.06.2014): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.2.3055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBergandi, Donato. „Les métamorphoses de l'organicisme en écologie : De la communauté végétale aux écosystèmes/The metamorphoses of organicism in ecology: From plant community to ecosystems“. Revue d'histoire des sciences 52, Nr. 1 (1999): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rhs.1999.1341.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaudière, Adrien. „Déterminants de la structure des communautés fongiques dans les forêts de Corse : rôle des perturbations et de la composition forestière“. BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 334 (02.01.2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2017.334.a31493.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmblard, C., J. C. Boisson, G. Bourdier, D. Fontvieille, X. Gayte und T. Sime-Ngando. „Écologie microbienne en milieu aquatique : des virus aux protozoaires“. Revue des sciences de l'eau 11 (12.04.2005): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705336ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAjbilou, Redouan, Teodoro Marañón, Juan Arroyo und Mohammed Ater. „Structure et diversité de la strate arbustive des forêts de la Péninsule Tingitane (Maroc).“ Acta Botanica Malacitana 32 (01.12.2007): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v32i0.7034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDasgupta, Probal. „Toward a Dialogue between the Sociolinguistic Sciences and Esperanto Culture“. Language Problems and Language Planning 11, Nr. 3 (01.01.1987): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.11.3.04das.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChanteloup, Laine. „Le développement touristique de la communauté d’Arviat, Nunavut“. Études/Inuit/Studies 36, Nr. 2 (31.05.2013): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015978ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSt-Pierre, Danielle, Antoine Nappi, Sonia de Bellefeuille, Andrée-Anne Lévesque Aubé und Sylvie Martin. „La connectivité au-delà des frontières : Résolution 40-3 concernant la connectivité écologique, l’adaptation aux changements climatiques et la conservation de la biodiversité“. Connectivité et adaptation aux changements climatiques 143, Nr. 1 (28.11.2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054111ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouati, Nassera, und Lara Maillet. „Soutenir l’émergence d’une écologie d’espaces d’innovation grâce à des communautés stratégiques : leçons d’une expérience au Québec“. Politiques et management public 34, Nr. 3-4 (30.12.2017): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/pmp.34.2017.0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Écologie des communauté"
Chalmandrier, Loic. „De la communauté à la méta-communauté, décrypter les patrons de diversité“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV033/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePatterns of community diversity refers to the structure of diversity, i.e. its quantification, its distribution and its turnover in space and time. Its study is likely to shed the light on the assembly rules that determined the structure of communities. However, numerous ecological assumptions are often made when studying diversity patterns. What motivated the work was the perspective that by relaxing these assumptions, a number of developments linked to diversity indices and null models are possible and can help to understand the impact of multiple ecological processes on phylogenetic and functional diversity patterns. In a first part we studied the pattern of functional diversity of alpine plant communities as a function of spatial and organizational scales. In the second part, we studied the methodological perspectives brought by the Hill numbers. In a third part, we addressed the main methodological issues of a new type of community data: environmental DNA
Fanfard, Sandrine. „Relation " communauté-ressource " : cas des communautés marines d'invertébrés benthiques qui exploitent les débris grossiers dérivés de plantes terrestres“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066678/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEither adrift or submerged, coarse debris derived from terrestrial plants provide energy and nutrients for marine ecosystems. By considering this allochtonous organic material, the goals of my PhD were to describe the assembly process of macrobenthic communities around food sources and to consider the feedback effect of the observed communities on the geochemical fate of the resource. To do so, I combined in situ experiments and modelling with the intention to build a consistent, quantitative description of the ecogeochemical link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using leaf litter and dead wood, this approach allowed: (i) to show the importance of biotic interactions from the beginning of the community assembly process, (ii) to make the explicit connection between the resource consumption and the population dynamics of the consumers, and (iii) and to test how resource processing is affected by the specific diversity of the communities
Carré, Gabriel. „Biodiversité, paysages et conservation de la communauté d'abeilles dans les agrosystèmes“. Avignon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AVIG0607.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgricultural intensification at the landscape scale is considered to be the main driver of pollinator decline in agroecosystems. Several studies have demonstrated this effect on wild bee communities, but some questions remain regarding the broad generalisation of this result. My work deals with the impact of the landscape context of crop fields in relation to semi-natural habitats on the wild bee communities in agroecosystems. A first study was conducted in five annual entomophilous crops, each located in one of five European countries in the framework of the ALARM project. A second study was conducted in a single geographical area (southwest of Toulouse, France) in semi-natural habitats and ecotones to assess which habitat features could explain the features of the ground-nesting bee community using large emergence traps. For each study, we assessed the impact of habitats on (i) bee abundance and diversity and (ii) the functional traits of the bee species, i. E. Their caracteristics related with their functions in ecosystems. The results of the first study clarified the different kinds of interaction between the landscape context and the bee fauna of annual crop fields. Observed differences of bee abundance and diversity were due to differential response to surrounding habitats, and we characterized taxa that were positively affected by semi-natural habitat only, those favored by urban habitat only, and those favored by a combination of natural, urban and crop habitats. Bees favoured by urban and mixed habitats were abundant and less vulnerable overall than bees favoured only by semi-natural habitat. The trait distribution of the species captured in crop fields was different from that of the countrywide summer bee fauna as species captured in annual crop fields were consistently more eusocial and polylectic, and this response was stable among the 5 country-crop combinations. Clearly, bee species found in flowering annual crops are characterized by their high capacity to adapt to environmental disturbances. The results of my second study on ground-nesting bee diversity were not in agreement with classical results on ecotones as the α and β diversities were not higher in ecotones compared to semi-natural habitats, nor were the species in ecotones resulting solely from the species in adjacent habitats. The α diversity of ground-nesting bees increased with the local abundance of dicotyledons and was higher in unmanaged habitatsand lower in managed habitats. The theorical β diversity was lower in ecotones adjacent to crops than in those adjacent to semi-natural habitats and in forest or natural grassland habitats. The preservation of semi-natural habitats should therefore be recommended to preserve the ground-nesting bee diversity rather than the sole management of field crop margins. The ground-nesting bee community had different nesting requirements depending upon their sociality level: Neither the abundance nor the species richness of solitary ground-nesting bees was explained by habitat characteristics, but the abundance of social ground-nesting bees was associated withspecific soil elements, such as a high soil hardness and low ground cover, and their community was structured by habitats and the community of flowering plants
Nelva, Pasqual Jean-Sébastien. „Exploration des réseaux d'interactions en écologie : de la structure vers la dynamique : signification des analyses des matrices de communauté en écologie des estuaires“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0114/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNetworks are a key concept in ecology and a number of models and methods have been used. This PhD dissertation links two approaches, the community matrix and input-output analyses, which have been developed by separate streams of theory. It compares their assumptions with important features of estuarine systems. It explicitly analyses the links between the matrices and the significance of the mixed trophic impacts analysis. Matrices of storage and throughflow analyses are linked to Jacobian matrices of donor or recipient controlled compartment models. Unlike most of what can be seen in the litterature, here the mixed trophic impacts are interpreted as the effects of a compartment being present or absent. Using available data in the case of five European estuaries, qualitative and quantitative matrices are built in the aim of performing sensitivity analyses. First explorations reveal high levels of uncertainties, even in the sign of the predictions. Furthermore, this work examines in more details the possibilities to explore transient dynamics from the community matrix. This PhD dissertation emphasises important features which are necessary to consider when choosing such approaches
Modéran, Julien. „Estuaire de la Charente : structure de communauté et écologie trophique du zooplancton, approche écosystémique de la contamination métallique“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeloup, Julie. „Etude de la communauté microbienne sulfato-réductrice (portant le gène dsrAB) dans les vasières de l'estuaire de Seine“. Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the mudflats of the Seine estuary (France), sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) play an important role in the sulfur and carbon cycles, but also in metal cycles. As these microorganisms constitute a polyphyletic group, we have chosen a functional gene as a molecular marker: the dsrAB genes that encode for the key enzyme of sulfate respiration. A molecular tool, the competitive PCR, was developed for the quantification of the dsrAB genes in the Seine estuary sediments. Thus, the annual distribution and dynamic of SRM, coupled to the sulfate reduction rate (SRR), were investigated in both marine and freshwater mudflats. The maximum abundance of the dsrAB genes and SRR, were located in the first fifteen centimetres of the sediment, throughout the year. The dynamic of the SRM shows a seasonal evolution with a predominance of the activity during the early summer, the temperature, organic matter supply, but also the sedimentary process, were identified as important factors. A phylogenetic study of the dsrAB genes retrieved from both the marine and freshwater sediments, shows that the diversity of the sequences in the both sites was different, and could be related with the chemical characteristics of the sediments, such as the salinity and the sulfate concentration
Mondy, Cédric. „De la communauté à l'individu : apport des traits des invertébrés benthiques dans la bio-évaluation des cours d'eau“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0221/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a global change context, ecosystems are subjected to more and more severe human pressures. In this context, optimizing the biomonitoring of natural ecosystems has become a major scientific, political and societal issue. In the early 2000th, most of the freshwater bioassessment methods did not succeed in fulfilling the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive, for efficiently evaluating the ecological status of rivers with the main objective to maintain or to reach the good ecological status for all the water bodies. In the same time, a major advance in community ecology was the explicit consideration of the biological and ecological attributes of species (i.e. their ?traits?) to better explain the role of habitat characteristics in community assembly. The main goal of this PhD work was to establish how trait-based approaches, at different biological scales, could enhance the bioassessment of French streams. We have first focused on the utilization of potential bio-ecological traits of macrobenthic communities for (i) evaluating the ecological quality of rivers, (ii) assessing the risk of significant alteration of benthic assemblages by specific pressure categories and (iii) appraising the human pressure-drived functional homogenization process in benthic communities. We examined the potential of new traits (derived from stable isotopy, stoichiometry and proteomics) for depicting the benthic invertebrate responses to 'simple' anthropogenic pressures (i.e. acidification and organic contamination). We have demonstrated that using potential bio-ecological traits efficiently enhances the ecological monitoring of wadeable rivers, at large spatial scale (e.g. on National survey networks). The stable isotope and stoichiometry analyses, when applied at reach scale, have allowed to link biological traits (i.e. diet and development) to ecological functions provided by macrobenthic communities, such as nutriment and organic matter flows in rivers. Finally, the proteomic analysis, performed along an acidification gradient, has brought out very interesting perspectives for the development of an integrative ?expert system? that early detects the biological effects of water quality alteration on benthic invertebrate assemblages
Giloteaux, Ludovic. „Dynamique de la communauté microbienne sulfato-réductrice d'un drainage minier acide riche an arsenic : (Carnoulès, France)“. Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIdentified as one of the major problems of the world mining industry, Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) occurs when sulfur containing minerals are exposed to air and water by the process of mining extraction. Their oxidization leads to the acidification of waters, releasing of high quantities of sulfates and leaching of associated metals/metalloids such as arsenic. Because sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are able to produce H2S, it is of growing interest in bioremediation systems since metals/metalloids coprecipitate in the form of metallic sulfides. It seems essential to understand the role of the SRB in the AMD functioning. This research work aimed at study the diversity of SRB in the AMD of the former Carnoulès AMD contaminated by arsenic, to characterize their spatio-temporal dynamics and to better understand their role in the bioprocessings of arsenic. The development of a nested PCR method on the dissimilatory sulfite-reductase encoding genes (dsrAB) allowed detecting SRB within this environment. This developed tool, served for studying the dynamics of the community along the AMD by combining molecular approaches and to correlate the SRB distribution according to the physico-chemical variations prevailing in the ecosystem. All these works highlighted the influence of pH, iron and arsenic forms on the SRB dynamics. Afterward, a complementary cultivation approach has been applied to study the SRB mobilization of contaminants. A new SRB strain has been isolated from Carnoulès sediments, representing a new species. The capacity of the strain to grow in acid conditions and at high arsenic concentrations allowed to better understanding the role of the SRB in mining environments
Sanguin, Hervé. „Développement et validation d'une puce à ADN taxonomique 16S pour la caractérisation et le suivi de la communauté bactérienne rhizosphérique“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rhizosphere is a complex microbial habitat, where root exudates (rhizodeposits) lead to intense microbial activity. The bacterial community plays an important role in the biological functioning of rhizosphere, but its description remains incomplete with current analysis methods. The objective of this work was the development of a 16S rDNA-based taxonomic microarray (600 probes) for characterizing and monitoring the bacterial community, especially in the rhizosphere. Protocols were developed for the design of probes and the sensitivity of the tool was determined. The microarray was validated experimentally using about 50 strains and by comparison with cloning sequencing. It was used to assess bacteria colonizing monoculture maize and wheat. In the case of maize, a rhizosphere effect was shown, with the predominance of Agrobacterium in rhizosphere and Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and especially Planctomycetes in bulk soil. Inter-plant variability was also evidenced. In the case of wheat, crop monoculture leads to the decline of take-all disease. This is paralleled by modifications of bacterial community structure, confirming the presence of antibitiotic-producing antagonistic Pseudomonas and evidencing bacterial groups belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. This work demonstrates the microarray potential for characterizing and discriminating between rhizosphere bacterial communities, a prerequisite for a better understanding of the relationships between bacterial community and soil biological status
Darnis, Gérald. „Structure de la communauté de zooplancton du plateau du MacKenzie (mer de Beaufort)“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24258/24258.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of my study was to describe the biogeography of the zooplankton in the southeastern Beaufort Sea in the fall 2002 by means of multivariate and indicator species analysis. A neritic community characterized by herbivory and the dominant taxon Pseudocalanus spp., occurred on the Mackenzie shelf and in Franklin Bay. Two oceanic communities, in which omnivore and carnivore feeding modes dominated, were located in the Amundsen Gulf Polynya and over the continental slope respectively. The polynya assemblage displayed the highest biomass with the dominant species Calanus hyperboreus, Metridia longa, Oithona similis, and Oncaea borealis as indicator species. This repartition of zooplankton assemblages was influenced mostly by the topography and the ice cover dynamic during the season of high biological production. Hence, it is predicted that a reduction in ice cover, as anticipated in the present context of global warming, will alter the distribution patterns of zooplankton, a key element of the marine ecosystem in the Arctic.
Bücher zum Thema "Écologie des communauté"
Lefèvre-Witier, Philippe. Idelès du Hoggar: Biologie et écologie d'une communauté saharienne. Paris: CNRS éditions, 1996.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGagnon, M. Suivi environnemental de l'estuaire moyen du Saint -Laurent, 1989-1990: Variabilité spatio-temporelle de la structure des communautés et des populations ichtyennes. Québec, Qué: Ministère des pêches et des océans, Direction de la gestion des pêches et de l'habitat, Division de l'habitat du poisson, 1991.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenArmellin, Alain. Synthèse des connaissances sur les communautés biologiques du secteur d'étude Montréal-Longueuil. Hull, Qué: Environnement Canada, 1995.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenThe geography of hope: A tour of the world we need. [Toronto]: Random House Canada, 2007.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenAltman, Irwin. Neighborhood and Community Environments. Springer, 2013.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenIrwin, Altman, und Wandersman Abraham, Hrsg. Neighborhood and community environments. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenEcovillages: A Practical Guide to Sustainable Communities. New Society Publishers, 2005.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenEcovillages: A Practical Guide to Sustainable Communities. Floris Books, 2005.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenB, Spies Robert, Hrsg. Long-term ecological change in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Écologie des communauté"
Hess, Gérald. „II. Conscience écologique, vertus et communauté écouménale“. In Humains, animaux, nature, 133–46. Hermann, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/herm.pierr.2020.01.0133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGensollen, Michel. „La culture entre économie et écologie : l’exemple des communautés en ligne“. In Création et diversité au miroir des industries culturelles, 285–312. Ministère de la Culture - DEPS, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/deps.gref.2006.01.0285.
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