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1
Guerin, Diana Wright, Allen W. Gottfried und Craig W. Thomas. „Difficult Temperament and Behaviour Problems: A Longitudinal Study from 1.5 to 12 Years“. International Journal of Behavioral Development 21, Nr. 1 (Juli 1997): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597384992.
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Results of a 10-year longitudinal study on the developmental-behavioural significance of infant temperamental difficultness are presented. A cross-time, cross-context methodology was employed using data from over 100 children participating in the Fullerton Longitudinal Study. Difficult temperament was assessed at 1.5 years by mothers; behaviour problems were assessed by parents during the third year and annually from 4-12 and by teachers from 6-11 years. Temperamental difficultness correlated significantly, pervasively, and to moderate magnitudes with parent reports of behaviour problems from 3.25-12 years. Additionally, analyses using clinical cutpoints showed that 1.5-year-olds deemed temperamentally difficult evidenced a greater frequency of elevated scores, specifically, attention problems, aggressive behaviour, and thought problems (parents) and attention and thought problems (teachers). These data provide evidence for the ecological validity of parent reports of temperament and for a temperamental component in the development of childhood behaviour problems.
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Cervera, María Dolores, und Rosa María Méndez. „Temperament and ecological context among Yucatec Mayan children“. International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, Nr. 4 (Juli 2006): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406072794.
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This study examined the relationships between temperament and ecological context among Yucatec Mayan children based on the assumption that maternal ethnotheories act as mediators and are related to world view. Since the latter is related to ecological context, its transformation may result in variations in ethnotheories and, therefore, temperament characteristics. Using standard questionnaires and ethnographic data, we evaluated 178 children aged 4 to 36 months from two villages representing the most contrasting ecological contexts in Yucatan, Mexico. Mothers described temperament-like behaviours as modos (ways) and related them to their concepts of development and children’s vulnerability, and to child-care and rearing practices. Age predicted threshold, approach, and intensity. Ecological context independently contributed to variations in approach, intensity, mood, and distractibility. Parental characteristics did not independently contribute but appeared to influence the relation between ecological context and mood, intensity, and distractibility. The findings suggest that temperament variations associated with ecological context may result from differences in maternal ethnotheories about rate of development and vulnerability of children and that knowledge of the national language and increased education without transformation of ecological context may have influenced ethnotheories on rate of development rather than on vulnerability.
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N. Pruitt, Jonathan, und Susan E. Riechert. „The ecological consequences of temperament in spiders“. Current Zoology 58, Nr. 4 (01.08.2012): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.4.589.
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Abstract Ecological and evolutionary studies on spiders have been featured prominently throughout the contemporary behavioral syndromes movement. Here we review the behavioral syndromes literature devoted to spiders, and identify some ways in which behavioral syndromes can impact the function of spiders in ecological communities. We further highlight three general themes within the behavioral syndromes literature for which spiders have served as front running model systems: (1) how trait correlations beget performance trade-offs, (2) the influence that behavioral trait variants have on interspecific interactions and (3) mechanisms that aid in maintaining behavioral variation withinand among-populations. Research on behavioral syndromes continues to grow at an impressive rate, and we feel the success of behavioral syndromes studies in spiders bodes well for their continued prominence.
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Garbarino, James. „Why are adolescents violent?“ Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 14, Nr. 2 (April 2009): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232009000200021.
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This article discusses how adolescents become violent from the perspective of human development, in which the process of formation of the child and the youth depends on diverse biological, psychological e social variables that constitute the context of life of these individuals. The ecological perspective of human development opposes simple cause-effect relations between antisocial adversities and behaviors and believes that factors such as gender, temperament, cognitive ability, age, family, social environment and culture combine in a complex way influencing the behavior of the child and the adolescent. Some conclusions point to the fact that violence in adolescence usually starts from a combination of early difficulties in relationships associated with a combination of temperamental difficulties. It is concluded that the young seem to be as bad as the social environment surrounding them.
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Corvino, Pier Francesco. „New “Inspirations” in Philosophical Anthropology“. Poligrafi 28, Nr. 111/112 (20.12.2023): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2023.396.
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This paper aims to endow the contamination of ecological wisdom with human and political ecology by outlining the basic features of a renewed philosophical anthropology. With this purpose, the concept of human nature is investigated here, using an ecological, eco-critical and integral framework, known as “inspiratory.” The key concept of this framework is to be found in the seemingly antiquated notion of temperament, which will be archeologically recovered and philosophically enhanced.
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Lo, Sharon L., Lisa N. Vroman und C. Emily Durbin. „Ecological validity of laboratory assessments of child temperament: Evidence from parent perspectives.“ Psychological Assessment 27, Nr. 1 (2015): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000033.
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Zuzama, Neus, Aina Fiol-Veny, Josep Roman-Juan und Maria Balle. „Emotion Regulation Style and Daily Rumination: Potential Mediators between Affect and Both Depression and Anxiety during Adolescence“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 18 (11.09.2020): 6614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186614.
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Adolescence is a vulnerable period for depressive and anxious symptom development, and emotion regulation (ER) may be one mechanism linking temperament—i.e., positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA)—with such symptomatology. Rumination is a common ER strategy that is traditionally assessed using self-reported questionnaires, but it would also be interesting to examine it with an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) approach. Sixty-five adolescents (Mage = 14.69; SDage = 0.82; range = 14–17 years old; 53.80% girls) completed self-report measures of temperament, ER style, depression and anxiety, and underwent an EMA to investigate rumination use. Results revealed that negative ER style and rumination use mediated the relationship between NA and depression, while only rumination use mediated the relationship between PA and depression. Moreover, NA contributed to increase anxiety, but negative ER style did not significantly mediate this relationship. Rumination use also had no effect on anxiety. This study provides further support for the relationship between temperament, ER, and internalizing problems. It seems that both a negative ER style and rumination use mediate the relationship between NA and depression whereas only NA had a significant direct effect on anxiety. Furthermore, PA buffered the effect of rumination use on depression in this study.
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ELYMARIUS, Severine, Philippe JOSEPH, Stéphane SOPHIE, Yannis JEAN-FRANCOIS, Yelji ABATI, Jean-Philippe CLAUDE und Kévine BAILLARD. „Contribution to the knowledge of the ecological profile of some Melastomataceae of the Lesser Antilles: the case of Martinique“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOLOGY 10, Nr. 2 (04.10.2017): 2108–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jab.v10i2.6366.
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Melastomataceae are particularly diverse in the Neotropical realm. The study of the sylvatic formations of the Lesser Antilles made it possible to identify the dominant floristic corteges associated with the different bioclimates. Although there are many indications that Melastomataceae are not among the species structuring the climax formations of the forests of Martinique, their ecological chorology and profile within these formations can be specified. The analysis of the biodemographic data of eco-units of different bioclimates, obtained during floristic inventories, confirms the indications of the floras of the region. It also makes it possible to provide some specifications concerning the ecological profiles of certain Melastomataceae. Conostegia calyptrata and Conostegia icosandra display a temperament of a heliophilous species of the sylvatic gaps. Clidemia umbrosa is a species affinis of smaller gaps or of trails. Miconia trichotoma is a more forestal species.
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Corina-Elena, MIRCIOIU, und ȘTEFAN Simona Cătălina. „The Effects of Clothing Purchase Determinant Factors Associated with Customer Temperament“. MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS REVIEW 8, Nr. 2 (15.06.2023): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/mer/2023.06-01.
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The purpose of this paper is to determine and quantify the effects of the clothing purchase determining factors associated with the customer’s temperament (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, and melancholic). A number of 192 respondents participated in an electronic questionnaire, 68.8% of whom were women. The results were analysed with the help of the Process-based structural equation modeling application, provided by SmartPLS 4 software. The results obtained showed that in the purchase process, social factors and appearance are important for sanguine people; in the case of choleric individuals, the conferred status and superior quality of the product are essential; for phlegmatic people, it is important that the product responds appropriately to a need and provides comfort; and melancholic people take into account ecological factors and identification with the product. These results can be useful to clothing companies for the adoption of sales strategies that consider the buyers' interest factors regarding the products.
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Chen, Xiao Jie. „City Landscape Effects on the Sports Architectural Design“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (Februar 2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.191.
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Human is a product of nature, and nature is the basis of human itself survival, human existence and continuation of life depend on the gift from nature supplies: at the same time, nature can only be incorporated into the life of people, to become a real life elements of human. Construction activity is a creative work of human conquest of nature, transform nature, no doubt has obvious utilitarian purposes, but also must be both aesthetic and spiritual temperament. The city landscape system as a function of complex ecological system structure, has been extensive tied with the architectures.
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Scalco, Matthew D., und Craig R. Colder. „Trajectories of marijuana use from late childhood to late adolescence: Can Temperament × Experience interactions discriminate different trajectories of marijuana use?“ Development and Psychopathology 29, Nr. 3 (20.06.2016): 775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000468.
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AbstractInformed by developmental ecological and epigenetic theory, the current study examined three aims concerning adolescent marijuana use with a large community sample (N = 755; gender = 53% female) and six annual assessments that spanned 11–18 years of age. First, the natural history of adolescent marijuana use was modeled using a two-part latent growth curve analysis. Second, the validity of the mixtures was examined with a broad array of known correlates of adolescent marijuana use. Third, temperament (e.g., surgency, effortful control, and negative affect) was tested as individual differences that would enter into statistical interactions with peer substance use and prior alcohol and cigarette use to distinguish trajectories of marijuana use. The results suggested that escalations in marijuana use were observed for some youth who initiated marijuana use early in adolescence. Youth whose marijuana use did escalate substantially (10%) were distinguished on temperament, conduct disorder, peer delinquency, and pubertal development at baseline. Furthermore, hypothesized interactions between surgency and both peer substance use and prior substance use discriminated different patterns of marijuana use. The findings are discussed with respect to strategies for timing and content of preventive interventions.
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Mian, Nicholas D., Laurel Wainwright, Margaret J. Briggs-Gowan und Alice S. Carter. „An Ecological Risk Model for Early Childhood Anxiety: The Importance of Early Child Symptoms and Temperament“. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 39, Nr. 4 (14.12.2010): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9476-0.
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Kochanska, Grazyna, Sanghag Kim und Lea J. Boldt. „Origins of children's externalizing behavior problems in low-income families: Toddlers' willing stance toward their mothers as the missing link“. Development and Psychopathology 25, Nr. 4pt1 (November 2013): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000254.
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AbstractAlthough children's active role in socialization has been long acknowledged, relevant research has typically focused on children's difficult temperament or negative behaviors that elicit coercive and adversarial processes, largely overlooking their capacity to act as positive, willing, even enthusiastic, active socialization agents. We studied the willing, receptive stance toward their mothers in a low-income sample of 186 children who were 24 to 44 months old. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a latent construct of willing stance, manifested as children's responsiveness to mothers in naturalistic interactions, responsive imitation in teaching contexts, and committed compliance with maternal prohibitions, all observed in the laboratory. Structural equation modeling analyses confirmed that ecological adversity undermined maternal responsiveness, and responsiveness, in turn, was linked to children's willing stance. A compromised willing stance predicted externalizing behavior problems, assessed 10 months later, and fully mediated the links between maternal responsiveness and those outcomes. Ecological adversity had a direct, unmediated effect on internalizing behavior problems. Considering children's active role as willing, receptive agents capable of embracing parental influence can lead to a more complete understanding of detrimental mechanisms that link ecological adversity with antisocial developmental pathways. It can also inform research on the normative socialization process, consistent with the objectives of developmental psychopathology.
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Rongrong, Liu, und Liu Yuanping. „Research on planning and design strategy of Gully Ecology Park—Take Shanxi's Northern gully Park as an example“. E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303021.
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The Li Cheng Northern gully Central Park is located between the new and old city of Li Cheng county, Changzhi city, Shanxi province. It is the link between the new and old urban areas and the ecological corridor of the central county. There are villages, water systems and abundant vegetation in the gully. Relying on the rich natural historical resources of the northern gully area, the leisure tourism service is developed, and the red cultural temperament of the area is combined to create a large green space central park, which integrates display, commemoration, sightseeing, rest, office and office. Based on the general idea of “water moisten garden, green shade garden and cultural nourish garden”, we plan to build a homestead rural for urban people.
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Martorell-Barceló, Martina, Júlia Mulet, Javier Sanllehi, Marco Signaroli, Arancha Lana, Margarida Barcelo-Serra, Eneko Aspillaga und Josep Alós. „Aggressiveness-related behavioural types in the pearly razorfish“. PeerJ 9 (30.03.2021): e10731. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10731.
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Behavioural types (i.e., personalities or temperament) are defined as among individual differences in behavioural traits that are consistent over time and ecological contexts. Behavioural types are widespread in nature and play a relevant role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. In this work, we studied for the first time the consistency of individual aggressiveness in the pearly razorfish, Xyrichtys novacula, using a mirror test: a classic method to define aggressive behavioural types. The experiments were carried out in semi-natural behavioural arenas and monitored through a novel Raspberry Pi-based recording system. The experimental set up allowed us to obtain repeated measures of individual aggressivity scores during four consecutive days. The decomposition of the phenotypic variance revealed a significant repeatability score (R) of 0.57 [0.44–0.60], suggesting high predictability of individual behavioural variation and the existence of different behavioural types. Aggressive behavioural types emerged irrespective of body size, sex and the internal condition of the individual. Razorfishes are a ubiquitous group of fish species that occupy sedimentary habitats in most shallow waters of temperate and tropical seas. These species are known for forming strong social structures and playing a relevant role in ecosystem functioning. Therefore, our work provides novel insight into an individual behavioural component that may play a role in poorly known ecological and evolutionary processes occurring in this species.
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Hergenrather, Kenneth C., Diona Emmanuel, Robert J. Zeglin, David J. Ruda und Scott D. Rhodes. „Men Who Have Sex With Men and HIV Risk Behavior: Exploring the Influence of Masculinity Within the Social Ecological Model“. AIDS Education and Prevention 33, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2021): 511–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2021.33.6.511.
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In the United States, gay, bisexual men, and men who have sex with men (MSM) represent 86% of new HIV infections among males. Approximately 1 in 7 men with HIV are unaware of their HIV status (CDC, 2017, 2019a, 2020a). To explore influences on MSM HIV risk behavior, the authors performed a systematic review of quantitative studies conducted in the U.S. assessing what is purported as masculinity. From 30 identified studies, significant findings were framed within the Social Ecological Model (SEM) levels (e.g., Individual, Relationship, Community). SEM level themes were applied to create the Masculinity 10, a preliminary 10-item assessment to explore the influence of masculinity on MSM HIV risk behavior. To increase MSM engagement in HIV prevention and treatment, the influences of masculinity (e.g., attitude toward sexual minorities, appearance, emotion, temperament, substance use, sexual activity, social support, intimate relationships, health care) on HIV risk behavior should be further explored.
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Bell, Alison M. „Future directions in behavioural syndromes research“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, Nr. 1611 (21.12.2006): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0199.
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A behavioural syndrome occurs when individuals behave in a consistent way through time or across contexts and is analogous to ‘personality’ or ‘temperament’. Interest is accumulating in behavioural syndromes owing to their important ecological and evolutionary consequences. There are plenty of opportunities in this burgeoning young field to integrate proximate and functional approaches to studying behaviour, but there are few guidelines about where to start or how to design a study on behavioural syndromes. After summarizing what we do and do not know, this brief review aims to act as a general guide for studying behavioural syndromes. Although the array of possible behavioural combinations can seem overwhelming, there are at least four different strategies that can be used to choose which behaviours or contexts to study in a behavioural syndromes view. I describe the strengths and weaknesses of these non-exclusive strategies, and then discuss the methodological and statistical issues raised by such studies.
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Maestripieri, Dario. „Mother-Infant Relationships in Three Species of Macaques (Macaca Mulatta, M. Nemestrina, M. Arctoides). I. Development of the Mother-Infant Relationship in the First Three Months“. Behaviour 131, Nr. 1-2 (1994): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853994x00226.
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AbstractThis study compared mother-infant relationships in rhesus, pigtail, and stumptail macaques living in large captive social groups. Mother-infant pairs were focally observed in 4 weekly 30-min sessions for the first 12 weeks of infant life. Rhesus and stumptail infants were active earlier than pigtail infants, and rhesus mothers further encouraged infant independence by frequently breaking contact with them and rejecting them. Rhesus mothers also restrained their infants, presumably in circumstances where a danger for them was perceived. Pigtail mothers were more protective than rhesus mothers and not as encouraging of infant independence as rhesus mothers. Stumptail mothers scored low on both protectiveness and rejection measures. The functional significance of some differences in mother-infant relationships is tentatively explained on the basis of reproductive, ecological, and social characteristics of rhesus, pigtail, and stumptail macaques. Data on scratching behavior support the hypothesis that behavioral differences among macaque species are associated, at the proximate level, with differences in temperament or emotional reactivity.
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PLESA, Ioana, Cătălina DAN, Alina TRUȚA, Liviu HOLONEC, Adriana F. SESTRAS, Monica BOSCAIU und Radu E. SESTRAS. „Spruce Trees Growth and Forest Landscape Depending on Microstational Factors and Ecological Conditions“. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, Nr. 4 (20.12.2017): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9410217.
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Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) is an important forest tree species in Romania, occupying approximately 24% of the total forest area. Due to its variable temperament, the spruce is generally considered a semi-shadow species. Through the research carried out in Valea Ierii (N-W of Romania), the response of spruce was evaluated according to different microstational conditions (e.g. exposure, altitude, density etc.), in nine sample plots, each of them with a surface of 500 m2, on a total area of 10 hectares. There were noted interaction responses to several ecological factors. Results showed that the trees with South-West exposure and at an altitude of 1,200-1,370 m have accumulated the largest amount of biomass, showing significant differences from the trees exposed on North-East plots and at altitudes comprised between 1,170-1,380 m. Behavioural differences regarding growth and biomass accumulation capacity was statistically ascribed to slope exposition, which was therefore considered as principal factor regulating landscape function of the forest, with a strong ecological impact. In the whole set of populations, the response function varied considerably within the S-W expositional plots compared to the N-E plots exposition, but without significant differences related to trees density and altitudinal level. Because all stands under study were pure, composed of even-aged spruce trees, differences may be related to a range of habitats as geosystem and/or geofacies levels, respectively altitudinal forest, exposition, density and other local conditions. The superior growth of the trees on the S-W exposition slope was explained due to the young stage of the spruce, and the trees preference until this age for sunny and more dried conditions. Probably, in the next years, the trees’ evolution will confirm that the spruce prefer low temperatures, low insolation inside the forest, high and permanent humidity. Further spatio-temporal analysis will be useful for reliable hypothesis to be inferred as functions of the forest, but also landscaping, depending of the trees’ age and ecological conditions.
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Desta, Takele Taye. „Introduction of domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) into Ethiopia would be feasible“. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 27, Nr. 4 (19.08.2011): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170511000366.
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AbstractDue to its high agro-ecological variation and favorable production environment, Ethiopia has been endowed with high diversity of animal genetic resources and huge livestock population. However, the per capita consumption of livestock products is among the least in the world. To increase this consumption level, Ethiopia needs to keep livestock species that would be able to thrive under sub-optimal management systems, while providing some amount of products and services. The domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the large ruminants that contribute to the least developed world's food and agriculture production. Therefore, introduction of the riverine-type buffalo would support food and agriculture production in Ethiopia. Moreover, the existing high demand for milk and meat, and the agro-ecological conditions are in favor of introduction of the riverine-type buffalo. More specifically, the riverine buffalo excels over indigenous cattle in its milk yield and quality of milk components. It also has a long productive life, a special ability of converting poor-quality roughage into animal protein, docile temperament and a wide range of adaptation. The presence of wild buffalo also shows Ethiopia's suitability for domestic buffalo rearing. Therefore, even though it seems illogical to make direct comparison between the performance of the Ethiopian indigenous cattle and the domestic buffaloes kept elsewhere; the hardy nature of buffalo and its wide range of adaptation would indicate the adaptation of the riverine-type buffalo in Ethiopia. However, the introduced riverine-type buffalo needs to be handled on experimental stations until management expertise is developed.
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Kovalenko, Vitaliy, Oleksandr Kolb, Olena Bondarenko, Sandra Boldizhar und Sergii Marko. „Exploring the Legal Dimensions of Environmental Policy within the Framework of Ukraine's Sustainable Development Strategy“. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 6, Nr. 03 (31.12.2023): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.060304.
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This article is devoted to the theoretical and practical analysis of the organizational and legal problems involved in the evolution and implementation of the environmental policy as integral part of the sustainable development strategy of Ukraine. This research is based on the international documents defining the goals of sustainable development and that are guidelines for harmonizing legal instruments in rationalizing nature use conforming the European Green laws. Based on the analysis of the current environmental legislation of Ukraine and its application, as well as inculcating the views of scientists, a conclusion is drawn about the need for prioritizing sectoral environmental reforms in the fields of biodiversity protection, curbing industrial pollution, waste management, emission monitoring and reporting, environmental control, and statutory responsibility. The grey areas of improving Ukraine's environmental policy ensuring effective, transparent and modern post-war reconstruction are identified as: strengthening control over compliance with standards and environmental regulations concerning nature management; improving the mechanism of payments for harming the environment; giving tax benefits and other financial incentives to environmentally innovative practices; encouraging the environmental audit and certification; pricing flexibly the ecological products; stimulating scientific temperament in solving environmental problems; and so on.
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Terrett, Gill, Meredith O'Connor, Mary T. Hawkins, Ann Sanson und Diana Smart. „Longitudinal Antecedents of School Bonding in Adolescence“. Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 29, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2012): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2012.14.
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School bonding has been identified as a protective factor for a broad range of adolescent outcomes, and it is thus important to identify factors that foster positive relationships with school. The ecological perspective suggests the importance of both individual and contextual antecedents across developmental periods, yet previous research has tended to examine only a narrow selection of school bonding correlates. This study sought to identify longitudinal influences on school bonding, examining the role of both individual and contextual factors over childhood and early adolescence. We draw on data from 1,308 participants (51% female) in the Australian Temperament Project, a large representative Australian sample that has followed the psychosocial development of participants from infancy to adulthood, and thus provides a rare opportunity to address this gap in the literature. Path analysis was conducted to examine individual and contextual predictors of school bonding at 15–16 years. The individual characteristics of higher academic achievement and sociability, and lower hyperactivity predicted school bonding. Contextual factors also made a significant contribution, including the parent–child relationships and maternal education. The results indicate that both individual and contextual factors make unique contributions to school bonding in adolescence, suggesting a number of potential targets for intervention.
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Sidashova, S. O., B. V. Gutyj, O. I. Stadnytska, U. A. Martyniuk, P. A. Vashchenko, I. P. Dudchak, V. R. Dutka et al. „The Living Museum is an ethno farm of gray Ukrainian cattle as a model of the location of rural green tourism facilities“. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, Nr. 98 (31.03.2023): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9829.
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The article is devoted to the development of ecological tourism in the agrarian territories of Ukraine, in particular, the creation of an organizational model of a living museum-ethno-farm, exhibits of which are productive gray cattle, whose herds a hundred years ago formed the basis of the economy disappearing. As objects of the tourist business, animals of the gray Ukrainian breed are beautiful to tourists: they have a beautiful appearance that is immediately memorable, have a calm, non-aggressive temperament, and have an excellent ability to get used to pastoral work. Today there are about a thousand animals of the aboriginal gray Ukrainian breed (in two state farms of Ukraine); this breed is recognized as a national heritage and has unique genetic and phenotypic qualities. The proposed model of a living open-air museum includes structural elements that allow creative use of local conditions of the modern Ukrainian village for the location of the ethno-farm and provide a vector of solutions to acute socio-cultural problems that will promote sustainable rural development: stop depopulation, expand to the history of their land, etc. The development of living museums-ethno-farms will reveal and use in the process of creative rethinking of folk traditions accumulated in previous generations invaluable qualities, namely: respect for rural labor and knowledge of the benefits of environmental management in environmental and social challenges.
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Handique, Patrika, und Anurag Bhattacharyya. „Re-understanding Deification and Hunger: An Ecocritical Venture into Shiva Purana“. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 3, Nr. 1 (30.01.2021): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.1.12.
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The advent of the Eighteenth Century witnessed emergence of a scientific temperament and shook the foundation of faith or religion in an unbelievable manner. Industrial Revolution, World Wars aggravated the situation and a conflict between science and religion has been prevalent since then. People began to neglect the mores and preaching of theological philosophy and even the tradition and customs handed down by religion or otherwise also culture. In the era of over-all degradation, it has become the need of the hour to restore theology, spiritual and mythical works for re-learning the meanings of humanity and wisdom, although the elimination of religious blindness needs to be done. It is discerned that people discard the ancient philosophy and myths to be irrational and non-scientific, but it is not true. Religion, ancient philosophy and conduct of life is intertwined intricately. In religion and culture, myths and folklores remain popular and are handed down from generation to generation and appear to be so fictional. But, in reality, they carry innumerable valuable messages and codes for life. So, this study intends to shed the irrationality and illuminate the rational and significant implications in the text Shiva Purana, which forms a part of the very precious Mahapuranas, spiritual and mythological text of Hindus. The paper would, however, attempt an ecocritical study of the specified text. As ecological concerns have called for urgent attention, ancient wisdom can assist scientific ideologies and thus, go hand in hand to unite humans to become environmentally sensitive.
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Kaidanovska, Olena, und Yurii Hladyboroda. „FORMATION OF GAME SPACES FOR CHILDREN“. Urban development and spatial planning, Nr. 78 (29.10.2021): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.78.257-265.
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The article outlines the relevance of updating children's spaces in the urban environment, considers the theoretical foundations of the problem and identifies the main approaches to its solution at different levels of urban structure (macro, mezo, micro). Negative experience and shortcomings of the current state of arrangement of playgrounds in the living environment of Ukrainian cities, which requires innovative professional architectural solutions, are noted. An analysis of the basic principles of designing children's spaces, taking into account the requirements of safety, comfort, providing opportunities for play, cognitive activities of children. Children's playground has significant potential for child development, the formation of an independent creative personality. The significance and features of the organization of play activities for children of different ages are considered. During the game the child learns about the world, so the playgrounds should be diverse, allow contact with nature, promote children's communication, and provide an individual choice of activities for each child, regardless of ability, temperament and physical capabilities.
The directions of development of children's play spaces in cities are determined: social, inclusive, bio-psychological, ecological, artistic and entertaining. The advantages of open game zones are emphasized. The social direction of design defines children's play areas as an element of urban public spaces, which are characterized by general accessibility, democracy, comfort, multi functionality, flexibility, imagery and human scale. Bio-psychological direction emphasizes the harmonious development of the child, taking into account age, physiological and psychological characteristics. The modern concept of children's play spaces in the city is a set of small spaces for games, entertainment, exercise, cultural and educational activities and artistic education of children.
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Baek, Jong Hyeon, Tae Hyun Lee, Sung Ho Hong und Sung Su Lee. „Social Autopsy for Heal-related illness in Jeju Island“. Forum of Public Safety and Culture 29 (30.04.2024): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2024.29.49.
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Due to consistent temperature rise, damages from heatwaves are steadily increasing as time passes. Consequently, national attention towards heatwaves has heightened, leading to a significant rise in preliminary research aimed at analyzing this phenomenon. However, previous research on heatwaves has been limited to topics within climatology, impact variables, risk assessment, and related subjects in meteorology and vulnerability. In this study, the concept and methodology of social autopsy were introduced to analyze the causes of heatwave damage from a sociological perspective through social and environmental analysis. Firstly, the heatwave damage indicator selected for analysis was the number of heat-related illness cases, and the region chosen for the application of social autopsy was Jeju Island, where heat-related illnesses are most pronounced in the country. For the selected area, a control group was identified by contrasting areas with similar environmental conditions but significant differences in the prevalence of heat-related illnesses. Social and environmental factors were then analyzed based on personal social relationships, socioecological structures, and geographical characteristics to analyze heat-related illnesses in different regions. In a quantitative study analyzing the socio-ecological structure using social capital assessments, the results showed that in areas with a high incidence of heat-related illnesses (Hwabuk-dong, Gujo-eup), the probability of experiencing heat-related illnesses increased by 3.2 times when personal organizational trust and residential relationships increased. In contrast, the probabilities decreased by 91.5% and 95.1%, respectively, with an increase in mobile communication and participation in elections. Next, for the analysis of individual temperament and living environment, qualitative research through in-depth interviews was conducted with direct victims who sought medical attention for heat-related illnesses. The results revealed that all subjects exhibited high responsibility, diligence, and proactiveness, with a low level of awareness of the risk of heat-related illnesses. Additionally, growing up in environments with economic difficulties during childhood and youth was associated with a sense of responsibility and diligence, demonstrating a connection to the burden of taking responsibility for family and home, and continuing to work without stopping despite exposure to risks (heat-related illnesses). Finally, an analysis of the geographical characteristics of the region revealed that areas with a higher incidence of anti-Japanese movements and victims of the April 3rd incident had a higher prevalence of heat-related illnesses. This confirmed that the environmental characteristics of Jeju Island were responsible for the majority of heat-related illnesses in the Gujo-eup and Jocheon-eup areas. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the occurrence of direct heatwave victims, namely heat-related illness patients, is influenced not only by meteorological factors but also by a complex interplay of social, environmental, and individual temperament factors. Consequently, it is suggested that instead of a uniform approach to heatwave damage reduction implemented by the government, region-specific and systematic mitigation measures tailored to each locality are necessary.
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Merie, Olha. „ARCHITECTURAL TASTE AS AN ARCHITECTURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON, ITS FACTORS AND ROLE IN THE ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE“. Current problems of architecture and urban planning, Nr. 59 (01.03.2021): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.63-79.
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The article presents the results of a theoretical study of architectural taste as an architectural and psychological phenomenon, its factors and role in architectural education and practice. The peculiarity of architectural taste is facilitated by gustosology – complex science about aesthetic taste, its nature, peculiarities of formation and function in public life, role in the development of the general culture of personality and society generally. It is determined that architectural taste is an aesthetic pleasure derived from individual patterns of architecture preferences, which has an intellectual character, associated with the result of reasoning, sequence of evaluation and quick judgement, through which a non-trivial result is achieved by the proportionality of beauty. It was established that according to the theoretical research, the differences of architectural taste depend on factors: 1) professional and artistic (inherent to specialists – architects, designers and depends on the level of education and culture of a particular person); 2) sexual (for example, female tastes are more emotionally colored, more sensitive; they are mainly found in the design of the interiors of buildings); 3) national (hence – English, French taste); 4) ethnographic (for example, Hutsul style); 5) social (belonging to the noble family); 6) own and borrowed tastes (unification of tastes under the influence of fashion); 7) ecological (reflectses human’s attitude to the preservation and development of the eco-system); 8) educational (the study of tastes concerns the process of their formation in educational institutions); 9) physiological (perception of architecture); 10) psychological (temperament; psychological types of people by K. G. Jung according to the types of drawings of architectural objects (by Vinogradova E. I. and Barabanov A. A.). It is confirmed that architectural taste is formed throughout the life, and therefore may change. The results of the research are valuable for: theories of architecture; architectural education – for better understanding of students-architects by teachers of higher education institutions; for architectural practice in the field of urbanism and urban planning, as well as in work with customers; for the further experimental research, in particular, the identification of typology of architectural tastes of individuals and their psychological characteristics, which will be presented in the next publications of the author.
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Ilnytska, T. Y., und O. V. Sydorenko. „CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE POLESIE HORSE POPULATION OF DIFFERENT AGES“. Animal Breeding and Genetics 64 (26.12.2022): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.64.16.
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The article is devoted to the problem of studying the features of the development of the exterior of the horses of the Polesie population of Ukraine. A survey of the horses of the Polesie population of the Sherbaty Zugli farm, which are kept on the basis of the Ecological Research Station "Glyboki Balyky" of the Obukhovskyi district of the Kyivska region, was carried out. Today, the herd of Polesie horses has 22 heads. Measurements, assessment of the exterior, movements, temperament and performance of the studied herd of animals of different ages were carried out. Animals were evaluated according to the target standard of the main conformation traits of the Polesie horse population. According to the results of a comprehensive survey of horses of the Polesie population, it was found that young horses born in 2020–2021 are sufficiently developed for their age. Horses of 2.5 years of age are almost as large as adult animals. The difference is determined only by the girth of the chest (6.4 cm). There is also a rapid achievement of physiological maturity, which is characteristic of native breeds.
It was noted that horses of the Polesie population, as well as typical representatives of local breeds, are characterized by: a rectangular shape of the body (92.0 ± 0.84), a large head (96.8 ± 1.31), a fairly pronounced right angle of the forearm (106.0 ± 1.07), small-sickle limbs (96.0 ± 1.69) and bone development proportional to body size (100.0 ± 0.84). A slight variability of the coefficient of variation (2.28–7.28%) was established.
The studied herd fully complies with the requirements of the target color standard - the majority of horses are black or black-roan (56%). Also, most horses (75%) have signs of atavism characteristic of forest horses: transverse stripes on the legs, the so-called "zebroid", dark "plaque" on the shoulders and withers. Based on the research results, taking into account the experience of scientists from other countries, methodological recommendations have been developed for the assessment and selection of horses of the Polesie population with their subsequent introduction into production.
Taking into account the difficult situation in the country and the small number of the studied horses, the issue of studying the features of the external development of horses in the Polesie population requires further research.
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Pathik, Pratishtha. „The Historical and Philosophical Exegesis on Yagya in Ancient India“. Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research 2, Nr. 1 (13.05.2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/ijyr.v2i1.19.
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Yagya or sacrifice has been an integral part of Indian history and culture. More particularly in ancient India, Yagya appears as the backbone of entire social and political structure. Thus, most of the Vedic literature revolves around the sacrificial ritual in different forms for numerous purposes. In contemporary world, when the scientific temperament dominates almost all spheres of life, masses seek to comprehend everything pertaining to human lives in a rational way. However, the recognized truth is that human society exists in a dilemmatic situation where on one hand they are not ready to discard their cultural heritage, customs and traditions and on the other hand they aspire to abide with scientific logic and reason. Therefore, it is essential to trace the philosophy and common logic of one of the most consistent sacrificial practice of Indian culture, i.e. Yagya. And since the Yagya tradition traces its antiquity from the ancient India, there is a requirement to illustrate the historical existence of yagya in abundance. Thus, this paper attempts to comprehensively deal with historical and philosophical aspects of Yagya to understand its relevance in present scenario.
For this study historical methodology has been used premised on the analysis of primary and secondary sources, and the content is descriptive.
Since the time of oldest Indus valley civilization, we find archeological evidences of fire altars from sites such as Kalibagan(Rajasthan), Lothal(Gujrat) etc. which indicate the practice of sacrificial rituals. In entire Vedic literature, plethora of textual references elaborate the philosophy, ritual practice, benefits, norms, the hosts of yagyas, and the various types of sacrifices such as Shraut Yagya (public and royal sacrifices) and Pak Yagya (domestic sacrifices). Furthermore, both literary and archeological evidences enchant the practice and effects of distinct type of sacrifices in later Vedic age, pre-Mauryan period (6th century B.C.), age of empires (Mauryan, Shunga, Satavahana, Kanva, Kushana etc.) and Gupta period. This reveals the historical existence of our cultural tradition.
Moreover the philosophical relevance of yagya (to sacrifice) is exponent as an idea through which Vedic Rishis facilitated the harmony between ecological system and human life, the peaceful co-existence of all the creatures of the universe and their interdependence.
Though it overtly seems that Yagya has been a part of religious life of Vedic Aryans, but after the philosophical and historical analysis, it appears that Yagya crucially contributed to social harmony, constructing political hegemony, and facilitating public welfare in its most intense as well as external procedures. Hence, for dwindling the cultural, environmental and social quos in today’s times yagya needs to be practiced in a modified logical manner.
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Kim, Juhee, und Hyunjeong Kim. „Applying a Temperamental Approach to Ecological Early Childhood Education Programs: A Review of the Literature“. Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, Nr. 3 (30.06.2024): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.62783/shss.6.3.3.
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COOK, ROBERT C. „The Vocal Ecology of Crumb's Crickets“. Journal of the Society for American Music 7, Nr. 2 (Mai 2013): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196313000047.
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AbstractMaking sound is characteristic of agency in the natural world. It is curious therefore that having separated pitched sound from nature as much as possible—disciplined it into scales, temperaments, etc.—Western music has for centuries made extraordinary efforts to imitate natural sounds and processes with this un-natured sound. Whereas music often depicts nature, “music” has become abstract and transparent, and musical sounds themselves have become little more than acoustic tokens of objects related by structure. Any metaphorical connections with extra-musical sounds are suppressed in discourse about music because they constitute “effects.” In this article, I interpret the first movement of George Crumb's Ancient Voices of Children (1970) as an expression of agency in the soundscape, considering vocal sounds, especially those attributed to crickets, as acts in a vocal ecology rather than imitation of natural sounds for programmatic purposes. My analysis invites us to hear this music—and music in general—as acoustic expression in a soundscape and therefore in ecological terms.
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Hayat, Khizer. „Examining the Influence of Gadget Usage on Children's Social Interactions“. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, Nr. 9 (30.09.2024): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i09.005.
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This study examines the use of gadgets and their impact on social interaction among children in a kindergarten setting, framed by Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilizes observation, interviews, and documentation to gather comprehensive data on the positive and negative effects of gadget use on early childhood education. In getting the data, the study delves through qualitative methods using triangulation of interviews, observation, and literature documents. The findings highlight that gadgets can enhance knowledge on specific subjects, but they often detract from children's focus and responsiveness in classroom activities, specifically in social interaction, such as uncontrolled emotion, temperamental, and so on. Additionally, the study explores parents' and teachers' perspectives of digital education content on children's social and empathetic behaviors. By understanding these dynamics, the research aims to provide insights into balancing digital exposure with effective educational practices to foster better learning outcomes and social development in young children.
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de-Juan-Ripoll, Carla, José Llanes-Jurado, Irene Alice Chicchi Giglioli, Javier Marín-Morales und Mariano Alcañiz. „An Immersive Virtual Reality Game for Predicting Risk Taking through the Use of Implicit Measures“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 2 (17.01.2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020825.
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Risk taking (RT) measurement constitutes a challenge for researchers and practitioners and has been addressed from different perspectives. Personality traits and temperamental aspects such as sensation seeking and impulsivity influence the individual’s approach to RT, prompting risk-seeking or risk-aversion behaviors. Virtual reality has emerged as a suitable tool for RT measurement, since it enables the exposure of a person to realistic risks, allowing embodied interactions, the application of stealth assessment techniques and physiological real-time measurement. In this article, we present the assessment on decision making in risk environments (AEMIN) tool, as an enhanced version of the spheres and shield maze task, a previous tool developed by the authors. The main aim of this article is to study whether it is possible is to discriminate participants with high versus low scores in the measures of personality, sensation seeking and impulsivity, through their behaviors and physiological responses during playing AEMIN. Applying machine learning methods to the dataset we explored: (a) if through these data it is possible to discriminate between the two populations in each variable; and (b) which parameters better discriminate between the two populations in each variable. The results support the use of AEMIN as an ecological assessment tool to measure RT, since it brings to light behaviors that allow to classify the subjects into high/low risk-related psychological constructs. Regarding physiological measures, galvanic skin response seems to be less salient in prediction models.
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Isdahl-Troye, Aimé, Paula Villar, Beatriz Domínguez-Álvarez und Estrella Romero. „Behavioral profiles related with distinct developmental patterns of negative emotionality from preschool to school ages“. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes 8, Nr. 2 (Mai 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2021.08.2.6.
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Research continues to work towards a full understanding of the early risk factors and mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of externalizing and internalizing problems. There is increasing evidence of negative emotionality predicting the co-occurring forms of these problems over childhood. This feature may show substantial stability along development; however, negative emotionality might also vary depending on child characteristics, environment, and the developmental stage. The present study aimed to examine the patterns of stability and change of negative emotionality from preschool to school years, and to identify which of these patterns lead to different behavioral profiles of externalizing and internalizing problems during school years. A total of 1,293 preschoolers from 4 to 6 years (M = 4.64; SD = .67; 50.2 % girls) were followed-up for two years using parent-reported data, within the frame of the ELISA Project. Latent profile and transition analyses were conducted. The overall results revealed a primarily stability pattern of negative emotionality, and to a lesser extent some change towards a less intense emotional expression after follow-up. Results also showed particular developmental patterns of negative emotionality for the different behavioral profiles identified. Children with co-occurrent externalizing and internalizing problems displayed greater rates of transition towards a high negative emotionality expression. These findings were explained in light of individual differences during the development of temperamental characteristics, which may be the result of an interplay among biological and ecological factors
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Allen, M. Todd, Michelle M. Shields und Catherine E. Myers. „Distressed (Type D) personality is predicted by avoidance: evidence from a computer-based avatar task“. PeerJ 10 (27.10.2022): e14302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14302.
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Background One personality type associated with poor health outcomes is distressed (Type D) personality which involves high levels of both social inhibition (SI) and negative affectivity (NA). Type D is also linked to psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, and depression. One mechanism through which personality temperament may result in these psychopathologies is avoidance. Recently, a computer-based measure designed to assess avoidant behaviors, in which the participant guides the behavior of an avatar interacting with strangers in social situations, has been found to be related to various forms of avoidance. In the current study, we extended this work with the avatar avoidance task to determine its relationship to distressed (Type D) personality. We hypothesized that Type D personality, along with SI, but not NA, would be positively related to avatar avoidance scores. We also hypothesized that avatar avoidance scores would be higher in Type D individuals than non-Type D individuals. Methods A total of 302 undergraduates completed the Distressed Type D Personality Scale (DS-14), and a computer-based avatar avoidance task. Results Type D and SI, and NA to a lesser degree, were positively correlated with avoidance scores on the avatar task. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed that Type D and SI scores were best predicted by a model including avoidance scores and education level while NA scores were best predicted by a model including avoidance scores. Standard cut-off scores on the DS-14 scale resulted in four groups (i.e., low SI and NA, high SI, high NA, and Type D) which significantly differed in avoidance scores. Specifically, Type D individuals had higher avoidance scores than the other three groups. Taken together these findings support a role for avoidance in Type D personality. The computer-based avatar avoidance task may be particularly relevant as an ecologically valid measure to identify avoidance in a virtual setting for use with individuals expressing Type D personality who may be unwilling or unable to accurately self-report or describe their own avoidant tendencies.
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McMahon, Elyse K., Elizabeth Youatt und Sonia A. Cavigelli. „A physiological profile approach to animal temperament: How to understand the functional significance of individual differences in behaviour“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 289, Nr. 1966 (12.01.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.2379.
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Animal behaviour research has experienced a renewed interest in consistent individual differences (i.e. animal personality or temperament). Recent ecological studies have identified environmental conditions that give rise to the development and evolution of temperaments and to fitness-related outcomes of temperament. Additional literature has also described relationships between temperaments and physiological regulation. However, one-to-one relationships between one behavioural trait and one physiological system do not account for co-selection of behavioural and physiological traits, nor the complex signalling among physiological systems. In the current paper, we review the literature on multiple physiological processes associated with temperament, propose temperament-specific physiological profiles, and focus on next steps to understand the functional significance, evolution and maintenance of temperaments. We propose that to understand causes and consequences of temperament we need to characterize integrative physiological profiles associated with different temperaments.
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McMahon, Elyse K., und Sonia A. Cavigelli. „Gaps to Address in Ecological Studies of Temperament and Physiology“. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 07.06.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab118.
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Abstract Ecology is a diverse field with many researchers interested in drivers and consequences of variability within populations. Two aspects of variability that have been addressed are behavioral and physiological. While these have been shown to separately influence ecological outcomes such as survival, reproductive success, and fitness, combined they could better predict within-population variability in survival and fitness. Recently there has been a focus on potential fitness outcomes of consistent behavioral traits that are referred to as personality or temperament (e.g., boldness, sociability, and exploration). Given this recent focus, it is an optimal time to identify areas to supplement in this field, particularly in determining the relationship between temperament and physiological traits. To maximize progress, in this perspective paper, we propose that the following two areas be addressed: (1) increased diversity of species and (2) increased number of physiological processes studied, with an eye toward using more representative and relatively consistent measures across studies. We first highlight information that has been gleaned from species that are frequently studied to determine how animal personality relates to physiology and/or survival/fitness. We then shine a spotlight on important taxa that have been understudied and that can contribute meaningful, complementary information to this area of research. And last, we propose a brief array of physiological processes to relate to temperament, and that can significantly impact fitness, and that may be accessible in field studies.
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Colditz, Ian G. „Adrenergic Tone as an Intermediary in the Temperament Syndrome Associated With Flight Speed in Beef Cattle“. Frontiers in Animal Science 2 (10.03.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2021.652306.
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The temperament of farm animals can influence their resilience to everyday variations within the managed production environment and has been under strong direct and indirect selection during the course of domestication. A prominent objective measure used for assessing temperament in beef cattle is the behavioral flight response to release from confinement in a crush or chute. This behavioral measure, termed flight speed (also known as escape velocity) is associated with physiological processes including body temperature, feeding behavior, growth rate, carcass composition, immune function, and health outcomes. This review examines the functional links between this suite of traits and adrenergic activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenomedullary hormonal system. It is suggested that flight speed is the behavioral aspect of an underlying “flightiness” temperament syndrome, and that elevated adrenergic tone in animals with a high level of flightiness (i.e., flighty animals) tunes physiological activities toward a sustained “fight or flight” defense profile that reduces productivity and the capacity to flourish within the production environment. Nonetheless, despite a common influence of adrenergic tone on this suite of traits, variation in each trait is also influenced by other regulatory pathways and by the capacity of tissues to respond to a range of modulators in addition to adrenergic stimuli. It is suggested that tuning by adrenergic tone is an example of homeorhetic regulation that can help account for the persistent expression of behavioral and somatic traits associated with the flight speed temperament syndrome across the life of the animal. At a population level, temperament may modulate ecological fit within and across generations in the face of environmental variability and change. Associations of flight speed with the psychological affective state of the animal, and implications for welfare are also considered. The review will help advance understanding of the developmental biology and physiological regulation of temperament syndromes.
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Kim, Sanghag, und Grazyna Kochanska. „Family sociodemographic resources moderate the path from toddlers’ hard-to-manage temperament to parental control to disruptive behavior in middle childhood“. Development and Psychopathology, 05.03.2020, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001664.
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Abstract Research inspired by ecological perspectives has amply documented broad effects of the family's sociodemographic resources on children's outcomes, with parents’ young age, low education, and low income considered risk factors. Typically, sociodemographic characteristics have been studied as influencing child outcomes either directly or indirectly through parenting. We tested a more nuanced longitudinal model in a community sample of 102 infants, mothers, and fathers. We conceptualized family sociodemographic resources, measured as a composite of parents’ ages, education, and income, as moderating developmental cascades from children's hard-to-manage temperament to parental power-assertive control to children's disruptive behavior problems. Children's temperament measures encompassed proneness to anger and inability to delay, observed at 2 and 3 years in standard laboratory episodes. We observed parents’ control at 4.5 and 5.5 years in lengthy naturalistic prohibition paradigms, and obtained parental ratings of children's disruptive behavior at 6.5 and 8 years. As expected, moderated mediation analyses, covarying stability of children's difficulty and parental control, revealed that the cascade from hard-to-manage temperament to child behavior problems, mediated by parental power-assertive control, was present in families with relatively more disadvantaged sociodemographic characteristics, or fewer resources, but absent in families with more advantageous sociodemographic features, or more resources. The findings were parallel for mother– and father–child dyads.
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Kengne, Olivier Clovis, Samuel Severin Kenfack Feukeng, Eric Tchatchouang Ngansop, Raissa Gwladys Daghela Meyan-ya und Louis Zapfack. „Floristic composition, growth temperament and conservation status of woody plant species in the Cameroonian tropical rainforests“. Ecological Processes 11, Nr. 1 (01.08.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-022-00387-9.
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Abstract Introduction Cameroon’s tropical rainforests are nowadays strewn with rural forests maintained by local populations; however, these forests are not officially recognized in the non-permanent forest domain. Rural forests are non-delimited riparian areas within the dense moist forest, reserved for rural housing, agricultural activities and agroforestry practices, freely exploited by the local communities for their livelihood without them having any rights to artisanal and commercial logging. This study aimed at contributing to the flora knowledge and the conservation state of woody plant species in rainforests. The study was carried out in two rural forests located in the Eastern and Southern agroforestry zones of Cameroon. Methods The method adopted for floristic inventories combined a fixed area sampling unit and a variable area sampling unit. Woody individuals with diameter at breast height (dbh) < 3.2 cm were counted and shrubs of 3.2 ≤ dbh < 10 cm were measured to analyse the understorey, while trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were measured and identified to characterize the canopy. Results In the Essiengbot-Mbankoho rural forest in Eastern Cameroon, 468 species belonging to 61 families were recorded in the understory while 227 species belonging to 53 families were identified at the canopy level. A total of 40 (7.68%) threatened species, 18 (3.45%) Near Threatened species and 408 (78.31%) Least Concern species were recorded. In the Nbgwassa-Opkweng rural forest in Southern Cameroon, 534 species belonging to 64 families were identified in the understory while 225 species belonging to 43 families were recorded in the canopy. A total of 54 (9.69%) threatened species, 25 (4.49%) Near Threatened species and 421 (75.58%) Least Concern species were identified in this forest. Shannon’s diversity indices were above five in the understories and canopies of both forests. Shade-bearer species were the most represented in the understories while the non-pioneer light-demanding and shade-bearer species were the most abundant in the canopies. Conclusions Despite the influence of slash-and-burn agriculture and subsistence farming practices, rural forests managed by local populations provide opportunities for preserving plant biodiversity. However, the presence of threatened species, pioneer species and non-pioneer light-demanding species in these forests is an indicator of moderate and man-induced disturbances that, in the absence of a forest management plan or sustainable management, may threaten this biodiversity. Legal management of rural forests could help in limiting the anthropogenic activities and pressures on community forests.
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Mygind, Lærke, Christopher Greenwood, Primrose Letcher, Suzanne Mavoa, Kate Lycett, Yichao Wang, Trine Flensborg-Madsen et al. „Is Neighborhood Nature an Ecological Precursor of Parenting Practices, Infant-Parent Bonding, and Infant Socioemotional Function?“ Environment and Behavior, 23.06.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00139165231182686.
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Nurturing relationships are crucial for adaptive child development. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether nature availability was associated with early nurturing parenting practices, mother-infant bonding, and infant socioemotional function. Data were from the Australian Temperament Project ( n = 809 infants to 515 parents residing in Victoria, Australia) and were linked cross-sectionally to residential greenness (i.e., Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index). There were no observable associations between residential greenness within a 1,600 m network radius and parenting practices, mother-infant bonding, or infant socioemotional function. The findings were largely corroborated by sensitivity analyses (i.e., NDVI within 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 m and distance to park). Shorter distances to a park were associated with less hostile parenting. More residential greenness (1,000 and 1,600 m) was associated with stronger father-infant bonding and more hostile parenting amongst the most stressed parents in exploratory analyses. Residential greenness might be a socioecological precursor for father-infant bonding.
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Andreeva, Irina G., Maria Dymnikowa, Elena A. Ogorodnikova und Valentin I. Petrushin. „Absolute Pitch Acquisition as Memory System with Its' Musical Executive Function from Cognitive Neuropsychological Perspective“. Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies 7, Nr. 5 (21.10.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24203/ajhss.v7i5.5900.
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Absolute (perfect) pitch is defined as the ability to identify and categorize a musical pitch - tone frequency by its name in the musical equal temperament tuning system without an external reference tone.  The article presents absolute pitch process as long-term working semantic musical memory with musical executive function included in musical practical activity, with the description of similarities between music and language structure in music cognitive neuropsychology studies’ evidence, as a background for cognitive neuropsychological possibilities of its generally available development. The article describes methodological assumptions’ content of empirically developed aural behavioral psychological memory training method ‘absolute pitch ecological practical activity’ (APEPA) for childhood and youth age, based on working memory span, aural cognitive learning ability in music education and performance activity, in cognitive music neuropsychology field.Â
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Zeigler, Mariah K., und Kiley B. Vander Wyst. „Microbial associations and transfers across the One Health Triad effects on human and animal adiposity and temperament: a protocol for an observational pilot study“. Frontiers in Public Health 11 (07.09.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225188.
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IntroductionIt is known that humans and pet dogs harbor microbial communities that are important regulators of health and disease. Pet dogs have been shown to promote microbial exchange between members of a household, a process that may have lasting health implications. Infancy marks a unique period of development as environmental exploration and introduction to complementary foods occur. This may lead to greater opportunities for microbial transfer between pet dogs and human infants due to a more confined shared environment, similar means of mobility, greater physical contact, and increased frequency of shared foods. This human-animal bond has led to extensive research in the areas of childhood allergies and behavioral health; however, there is a paucity in the available literature that has evaluated how this unique ecological relationship may impact both human and animal health.MethodsInfants who reside in a household with a pet dog will be recruited from the greater Phoenix metropolitan area for this longitudinal, observational pilot study and followed through the complementary feeding period. Infant and pet dog fecal, salivary, and skin samples, as well as environmental samples from feeding areas/surfaces and main indoor play areas from both infants and pet dogs will be collected through in-home visits before (~5 mos), during (~9 mos), and after (~12 mos) the complementary feeding (CF) period. Anthropometrics, temperament, and dietary habits of both infants and pet dogs along with assessment of the home condition will also be collected. Microbial comparisons between infant and pet dog samples and evaluation of microbial changes during the CF period will be evaluated. Further, we will assess relationships between microbial composition and adiposity and temperament of both infants and pet dogs.DiscussionThe proposed observational pilot study will advance the available science by exploring how microbial communities are associated and change between infants and pet dogs before, during, and after the CF period, a unique period of human growth and development. Findings from this study will provide insights into the impact these ecological relationships have on each other and how transfer across the One Health Triad impacts human and animal health.
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Grobelna, Natalia, Radosław Rutkowski, Filip Rybakowski, Janusz Rybakowski und Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak. „The phenomenon of sensory processing: historical overview, theoretical models, and neurophysiological underpinnings“. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 08.01.2025. https://doi.org/10.55782/ane-2024-2556.
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The article provides a review of the sensory processing (SP) phenomenon, its origins, theoretical models, and neurophysiological foundations. Initiated by A. Jean Ayres’ research on sensory integration in the 1960s and 70s, this field has evolved, leading to the development of concepts such as Winnie Dunn’s four quadrant model and Miller’s ecological model of sensory modulation. Over the years, based on theoretical considerations, the concepts of sensory processing disorder and sensory processing sensitivity were formulated. The article highlights the role of temperament and its impact on sensory processing, suggesting that individual differences can significantly affect how people respond to sensory stimuli. The neurophysiological basis including sensory gating, electrodermal responses, and neuroimaging methods is presented. There has been an interest in the relationship between SP and mental disorders in adults, despite the lack of a formal diagnosis in DSM‑5 and ICD classifications. The literature analysis reveals the complexity of the subject, indicating the need for further research in this field.
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Zuzama, Neus, Josep Roman-Juan, Aina Fiol-Veny und Maria Balle. „The Use of Rumination and Reappraisal in Adolescents Daily Life: Links to Affect and Emotion Regulation Style“. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 17.12.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01302-7.
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AbstractThis study explored the association between temperament—i.e., positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA)—and emotion regulation (ER), and what momentary factors influence the selection of rumination or reappraisal during adolescents’ daily life. The type of social situation in which negative events occurred, the self-rated degrees of discomfort, the types of predominant emotions experienced, and the use of reappraisal and rumination were assessed at 24 different times with an ecological momentary assessment approach given to 71 adolescents. PA, NA, and ER style were evaluated using self-reports. Bivariate Pearson correlations analysis revealed that NA and negative ER style correlated positively with the rumination use whereas PA correlated negatively with the rumination use. Negative ER style moderated the relationship between NA and the frequency with which rumination was used. The moderated function of positive ER style could not be tested due to its lack of association with the rumination use. Adolescents selected rumination more often during family-related events and when experiencing depression-like emotions. No interaction effects were shown between negative ER style and the momentary factors related with the type of social situation and the type of prevailing emotion during negative event. No associations between study variables and reappraisal were found. This study provides a better understanding of ER patterns in adolescence.
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Sequeira, Stefanie L., Jennifer S. Silk, Neil P. Jones, Erika E. Forbes, Jamie L. Hanson, Lauren S. Hallion und Cecile D. Ladouceur. „Pathways to adolescent social anxiety: Testing interactions between neural social reward function and perceived social threat in daily life“. Development and Psychopathology, 27.05.2024, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579424001068.
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Abstract Recent theories suggest that for youth highly sensitive to incentives, perceiving more social threat may contribute to social anxiety (SA) symptoms. In 129 girls (ages 11–13) oversampled for shy/fearful temperament, we thus examined how interactions between neural responses to social reward (vs. neutral) cues (measured during anticipation of peer feedback) and perceived social threat in daily peer interactions (measured using ecological momentary assessment) predict SA symptoms two years later. No significant interactions emerged when neural reward function was modeled as a latent factor. Secondary analyses showed that higher perceived social threat was associated with more severe SA symptoms two years later only for girls with higher basolateral amygdala (BLA) activation to social reward cues at baseline. Interaction effects were specific to BLA activation to social reward (not threat) cues, though a main effect of BLA activation to social threat (vs. neutral) cues on SA emerged. Unexpectedly, interactions between social threat and BLA activation to social reward cues also predicted generalized anxiety and depression symptoms two years later, suggesting possible transdiagnostic risk pathways. Perceiving high social threat may be particularly detrimental for youth highly sensitive to reward incentives, potentially due to mediating reward learning processes, though this remains to be tested.
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Sequeira, Stefanie L., Julianne M. Griffith, T. H. Stanley Seah, Kiera M. James, Cecile D. Ladouceur und Jennifer S. Silk. „Real-World Social Reward Processes are Linked to Momentary Positive Affect in Adolescent Girls“. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 12.12.2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-024-01276-9.
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AbstractPositive peer interactions are critical for adolescent development and well-being. Showing little interest in interacting socially with peers and/or extracting little reward from positive peer interactions can be markers of social anhedonia, which impacts many youths, especially girls, with social anxiety and depressive disorders. Reduced interest or reward in peer interactions may contribute to social anxiety and depression in girls through effects on positive affect (PA), though associations between social anhedonia and momentary PA have yet to be tested. The present study used ecological momentary assessment to test such associations between real-world anticipatory social reward (i.e., interest in upcoming peer events), consummatory social reward (i.e., reward extracted from positive peer interactions), and momentary PA in a sample of 129 girls (aged 11–13 years) who were oversampled for high shy/fearful temperament, a risk factor for future social anxiety and depression. Girls reported higher PA following a more socially rewarding peer interaction, and higher PA on days they reported higher anticipatory social reward. Exploratory analyses showed that these associations were specific to PA; neither anticipatory nor consummatory social reward was associated with changes in negative affect. Findings may inform the development of clinical interventions that target social anhedonia to modify PA in youth with affective disorders.
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Bogomolni, Andrea, Owen C. Nichols und Dee Allen. „A Community Science Approach to Conservation Challenges Posed by Rebounding Marine Mammal Populations: Seal-Fishery Interactions in New England“. Frontiers in Conservation Science 2 (29.07.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2021.696535.
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Between 1880–1962, gray and harbor seals were targeted in legal seal bounty hunts across Maine and Massachusetts due to a perceived competition with commercial fisheries. Following their extirpation 50 years ago, legislative protections allowed seals to recolonize historical grounds along the New England coast. With this conservation success story, conflict has re-emerged as seen in the numerous media articles reflecting a temperament beckoning to the past century, with calls to cull the population and the spread of misinformation. The return of seals after decades of near-absence has created a new ecological and psychological baseline for New Englanders where for three generations, seals were rarely present. Although seals are statutorily protected species, unlike the tools and resources available for depleted, threatened or endangered species, the support needed to increase opportunities for coexistence of humans with rebounding pinnipeds, are comparatively lacking. Even as gray seals have the highest fisheries bycatch levels of any marine mammal in the U.S., resources to address these management challenges are minimal due to limitations and prioritization processes for committing available support. While seal conservation has been a success, the manner in which management is often separately applied to ecosystem elements (e.g., harvested species, protected species) contributes to knowledge gaps, and a disconnect between the goals of conservation to sustainably utilize natural resources while also protecting the intrinsic value of resources for ecosystem health. Solutions to such coexistence challenges could benefit from a more holistic ecosystem conservation approach. To address these disconnects, a two-day workshop was convened to understand seal-fishery interactions where we provided opportunities for community members to meet and learn from one another including, but not limited to, fishermen, natural resource managers, marine mammal stranding response personnel and scientists. A convening that might otherwise result in tumultuous and adversarial engagement, we used as a tool to engage. This community science approach led to long-term relationships that have allowed for successful applied, and community driven, solutions. Here we share the lessons learned and subsequent partnerships. Our intent is to share our approach to address other marine mammal conservation conflict challenges, allowing for collaborative pathways toward long-term coexistence.
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Schmidt, Louis A., Cheryl H. T. Chow, Chaeeun Shin, Christina A. Brook, Ryan J. Van Lieshout und Norman Buckley. „Social withdrawal in an ecologically salient real-world context: Children’s shyness, anxiety, and observed distress behaviors in the surgical setting“. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21.01.2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/01650254241312138.
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Little research has examined the correlates of children’s social withdrawal in real-world contexts beyond the classroom. Here, we used a surgical setting as an ecologically salient stress model to study one type of social withdrawal: shyness. Participants were 171 children ( Mage = 10.1 years, SDage = 1.7, range = 7–13 years, 50.1% boys), who were undergoing elective surgery, and their parents ( Mage = 40.7 years, SDage = 6.8, range = 29–59 years, 76.2% mothers). Children’s self-report of temperamental shyness and preoperative state anxiety as well as parents’ report of trait anxiety were assessed 7 to 10 days before surgery (T1). On the morning of surgery (T2), children and parents self-reported on state anxiety. In the operating room (T3), children’s behaviors were video-recorded and coded for observed distress. We found children’s preoperative state anxiety (T1 and T2) fully mediated the relation between shyness and observed distress, regardless of participant age, sex, and parent trait and state anxiety. This mediated relation was qualified by child age. In ages 7 to 9, preoperative anxiety was predictive of observed distress. By comparison, in ages 10 to 13, shyness was related to higher levels of preoperative anxiety, controlling for participant sex, and parent trait and state anxiety. These findings illustrate the effects of child temperament and developmental age on behavior, beyond parental influences, in a real-world context.
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Gupta, Shourya. „Developing an Integrated System Using Machine Learning Tools and Techniques in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Forecasting Crop Yields“. International Journal of Research in Science and Technology 12, Nr. 03 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrst.v12i03.005.
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As an agriculture based nation, India's monetary standing is dependent on it. Computation of this country's rural results is a significant test. Rural yield is impacted by Causes, including natural, financial, and occasional elements. Considering the ongoing populace circumstance, the individuals that develop these and comparative things incorporate. Because of the abruptness of the creation, it is very temperamental. Ecological factors, for example, climate and an absence of groundwater assets. The significant objective is to gather the information that can use to decide. Put away and investigated for crop yield expectations: Machine learning strategies for rural production forecast executed. This helps farmers in choosing the best products. Fitting yield, what's more, this study attempts to give an improvement in the realm of horticulture by further developing yield creation expectation precision. A measurable model is built utilizing AI procedures and great advancements to deliver clear and exact choices. The aftereffects of this exploration will help ranchers choose the best harvests to develop, given qualities like season and accessible land, with minimal chance.