Dissertationen: „Ebk“

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Lazarov, Marin. „Utvärdering av manualverk RM12 EBK“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-17700.

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Denna rapport är resultatet av mitt examensarbete som utfördes på uppdrag av GKN. Syftet med arbetet är att utvärdera manualverken som berör RM12-motorn och i en teknisk rapport beskriva hur manualerna upplevs av den tekniska personalen på Sveriges flygflottiljer. Efterlevs de givna instruktionerna som avsett eller krävs det uppdateringar och/eller förtydligande av manualverken? Arbetet är främst inriktat mot de manualer som berör efterbrännkammarmodulen. Arbetet omfattar studier på flygflottiljerna F7 samt F17. Utvärderingens undersökningsarbete utfördes i form av enkätundersökningar, Semistrukturerade intervjuer/samtal samt observationer av det dagliga arbetet. Det är av stor vikt att teknisk personal följer motormanualerna som avsett, att inspektioner utförs enligt föreskrifterna samt att de angivna skadetoleranserna tas på allvar. En förutsättning för detta är att manualerna är lätta att förstå och följa. Konsekvenserna av utebliven eller bristfällig inspektion innebär direkt fara för flygsäkerheten. Resultaten är baserade på information som inhämtades i samband med besöken på flygflottiljerna och visar att GKN bör se över LMI-manualen och i vissa fall förtydliga enstaka instruktioner. Det finns ett behov från användaren att använda sig av verkliga fotografier vid bedömning av tillåtna/otillåtna skador. Det finns en osäkerhet bland den tekniska personalen angående den engelska manualen. Även ”Simplified Technical English” bör vara mer förankrat hos användarna av föreskrifterna.
This report is the result of my graduation project conducted on behalf of GKN. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the manual´s involving RM12 engine and in a technical report describe how the manuals are perceived by the technical staff at the Swedish Air Force squadrons. Are the given instructions in the manuals perceived as intended or does it require updates and / or clarification of the manuals? The project is mainly focused on the manuals relating the afterburner. The work includes studies on F7 and F17. The evaluation survey was conducted in the form of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews / conversations and observations of the daily work. It is of great importance that technical staff follows the engine manuals as intended, that inspections are carried out as prescribed and that the specified damage tolerances which is given is taken seriously. A prerequisite for this is that the manuals are easy to understand and follow. The consequences of inadequate inspection are a direct threat to the flight safety. The result are based on information collected in connection with visits to the Air Force and shows that GKN should review the LMI -manual and in some cases clarify instructions given. There is a need from the customer to use actual photographs in the assessment of permissible / impermissible damage. There is some uncertainty among the technical staff towards the English manuals. Even "Simplified Technical English" should be more anchored with the technical staff that uses the manuals.

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Lardi, Daniele. „Rechtsprobleme in der praktischen Umsetzung der Geldwäschereiverordnung der EBK“. St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/97605067001/$FILE/97605067001.pdf.

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Bührer, Bernard. „Börsenrechtliche Gruppentatbestände in der Praxis der rechtsanwendenden Behörden OLS/UEK/EBK/Gerichte /“. St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02604601002/$FILE/02604601002.pdf.

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Ervestrand, Jonas. „Förbättrad förbränningsstabilitet i EBK för turbofläktmotor RM12 genom förändrad motorreglering : Improved afterburner combustion stability for turbofan engine RM12 by modified engine control“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-282.

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The engine of JAS 39 Gripen, RM12, has recently been equipped with a new flameholder and a new engine inlet. This change has caused an increased noise level from the engine when the afterburner is in use. The noise level reaches its peak when the afterburner is partially used. The problem is thought to be unstable combustion in the regions around the flameholder. A solution to the problem has been proposed by Volvo Aero. The idea is to modify the software in the engine control unit (FADEC) that changes the airflows in the engine. This master thesis implements the proposed changes and analyzes the effects of this implementation. The analysis is done by simulations of a model of the engine that Volvo Aero has created and implemented in MatrixX/SystemBuild. Simulations showed that it is possible to achieve the desired result by the software changes. Further the simulations showed some problems with stability for the engine when controlled by the modified control unit. This was solved by implementing a filter in the FADEC software.

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Lupo, Julien. „Caractérisation de l'ubinucléine, partenaire cellulaire du transactivateur ZEBRA du virus d'Epstein-Barr“. Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV073.

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Le facteur de transcription ZEBRA (EB1) du virus d'Epstein-Barr joue un rôle essentiel dans l'initiation de l'infection lytique et la production virale. L'ubinucléine a été identifiée comme un partenaire cellulaire de ZEBRA, capable de l'empêcher de se fixer à ses séquences d'ADN cibles. Le rôle de l'ubinucléine dans la cellule demeure inconnu, ainsi que les conséquences de son interaction avec ZEBRA dans les cellules infectées par l'EBV. Notre travail a permis, d'abord, de mieux caractériser l'ubinucléine dans la cellule épithéliale en l'identifiant comme une protéine des jonctions serrées. L'ubinucléine a été proposée comme un nouveau membre de la famille des protéines NACos (nuclear and adhesion complex components) possèdant une double localisation, les noyaux et les jonctions des cellules. Afin de mieux comprendre son rôle dans la cellule épithéliale, nous avons étudié par une approche protéomique couplée à la spectrométrie de masse les partenaires de l'ubinucléine et identifié les protéines LYRIC et RACK-1. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'ubinucléine est impliquée dans différents processus biologiques tels que la régulation de la prolifération et de l'adhésion cellulaires. Enfin, dans les cellules épithéliales infectées par l'EBV, les fonctions de l'ubinucléine semblent dépendre de sa localisation cellulaire. Au niveau nucléaire, l'ubinucléine régule négativement le cycle lytique et la production de particules virales en empêchant ZEBRA et d'autres facteurs cellulaires de se fixer à leurs promoteurs de type AP-1. Lorsqu'elle est séquestrée dans les jonctions serrées, l'inhibition de ZEBRA est levée permettant ainsi le bon déroulement du cycle lytique du virus
The ZEBRA (EB1) transcription factor of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is crucial for initiation of lytic infection and viral production. Ubinuclein (Ubn-1) has been identified as a cellular partner of ZEBRA enabling to prevent ZEBRA-DNA interaction. The role of Ubn-1 in the cell remains elusive as well as the consequences of its interaction with ZEBRA in EBV infected cells. In our work, we have characterized Ubn-1 as a new protein of epithelial cells tight junctions (TJ) and a new member of NACos (nuclear and adhesion complex components) proteins with a dual cellular localisation, the nuclei and the junctions of the cells. Using a proteomic approach coupled to mass spectrometry, we have then studied interacting partners of Ubn-1 in order to get more insights on its role in epithelial cells and identified LYRIC and RACK-1 proteins. Our results suggest that Ubn-1 is involved in different biological processes such regulation of cells proliferation and cell-cell contacts. Finally, in EBV infected epithelial cells, Ubn-1 functions seem depend on its cellular localisation. Nuclear Ubn-1 regulates negatively lytic cycle and virus production interfering with ZEBRA and others cellular factors in the activation of AP-1 promoters. When Ubn-1 is sequestered in TJ, Ubn-1 can no longer act as a repressor of ZEBRA which is free to activate the EBV productive cycle

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Batisse, Julien. „Etude de la fonction de facteur d'export EB2 au cours du cycle productif du virus d'Epstein-Barr (EBV)“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0355.

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Movassagh, Mercedeh J. „Comprehensive Computational Assessment And Evaluation of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) Variations, miRNAs, And EBERs in eBL, AML And Across Cancers“. eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1022.

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Viruses are known to be associated with 20% of human cancers. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in particular is the first virus associated with human cancers. Here, we computationally detect EBV and explore the effects of this virus across cancers by taking advantage of the fact that EBV microRNAs (miRNAs) and Epstein Barr virus small RNAs (EBERs) are expressed at all viral latencies. We identify and characterize two sub-populations of EBV positive tumors: those with high levels of EBV miRNA and EBERS expression and those with medium levels of expression. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering of viral miRNAs across all samples we observe a pattern of expression for these EBV miRNAs which is correlated with both the tumor cell type (B cell versus epithelial cell) and with the overall levels of expression of these miRNAs. We further investigated the effect of the levels of EBV miRNAs with the overall survival of patients across cancers. Through Kaplan Meier survival analysis we observe a significant correlation with levels of EBV miRNAs and lower survival in adult AML patients. We also designed a machine learning model for risk assessment of EBV in association with adult AML and other clinical factors. Our next aim was to identify targets of EBV miRNAs, hence, we used a combination of previously known methodologies for miRNA target detection in addition to a multivariable regression approach to identify targets of these viral miRNAs in stomach cancer. Finally, we investigate the variations across EBV subtype specific EBNA3C gene which interacts with the host immune system. Preliminary data suggests potential regional variations plus higher pathogenicity of subtype 1 in comparison to subtype 2 EBV. Overall, these studies further our understanding of how EBV manipulates the tumor microenvironment across cancer subtypes.

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FARJOT, GERALDINE. „Etude de deux proteines virales, rev de hiv-1 et eb2 de ebv, assurant l'export nucleaire d'arn messagers non episses“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0174.

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Chez les eucaryotes superieurs, les arn messagers sont dans leur grande majorite pourvus d'introns. L'epissage de ces introns semble etre un pre-requis a leur export nucleaire et a leur traduction dans le cytoplasme. Il existe des mecanismes particuliers permettant d'outrepasser cette regle. En particulier, des systemes d'export d'arn non episses ont ete selectionnes chez certains virus afin d'echapper a ce controle cellulaire. Le travail presente dans cette these porte sur l'etude de deux proteines virales, rev de hiv-1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1) et eb2 de ebv (epstein barr virus), ayant la capacite d'exporter des arn messagers non episses. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes interesses a la proteine rev qui fait la navette entre le noyau et le cytoplasme, et permet l'export des arn non episses ou incompletement episses de hiv-1, a partir desquels sont exprimees les proteines de structure du virus. Nous avons ainsi identifie une nouvelle proteine interagissant avec le signal d'export nucleaire (nes) de rev, appelee nlp-1 (nucleoporin like protein-1). Nous avons montre que cette proteine presente les caracteristiques d'une nucleoporine, et qu'elle interagit avec crm1, le facteur cellulaire assurant l'export des proteines portant un nes riche en leucines, homologue a celui de rev. La deuxieme partie de ce travail a concerne l'etude de la proteine eb2, un activateur post-transcriptionnel de ebv. Nous avons montre que eb2 facilite l'accumulation cytoplasmique de certains arn non episses et qu'elle fait, de meme que rev, la navette entre le noyau et le cytoplasme. Ce resultat est en faveur de l'hypothese selon laquelle eb2 pourrait faciliter l'expression de certains genes precoces et tardifs de ebv qui sont depourvus d'introns. La suite de mes travaux a permis de conclure que cette proteine est exportee par une voie independante de crm1 differente de celle empruntee par rev.

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Tamura, Naoka. „Systematic identification of mitotic stage specific EB1 interactors reveals the importance of interaction between EBs and Astrin/SKAP complex in chromosome segregation“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648874.

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de, Vries Rowen. „An EGSnrc Monte Carlo investigation of backscattered electrons from internal shielding in clinical electron beams“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9595.

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The ability to accurately predict dose from electron backscatter created by internal lead shielding utilized during various superficial electron beam treatments (EBT), such as lip carcinoma, is required to avoid the possibility of an overdose. Methods for predicting this dose include the use of empirical equations or physically measuring the electron backscatter factor (EBF) and upstream electron backscatter intensity (EBI). The EBF and upstream EBI are defined as the ratio of dose at, or upstream, from the shielding interface with and without the shielding present respectively. The accuracy of these equations for the local treatment machines was recognised as an area that required verification; in addition the ability of XiO's electron Monte Carlo (eMC) treatment planning algorithm to handle lead interfaces was examined. A Monte Carlo simulation using the EGSnrc package of a Siemens Artiste Linac was developed for 6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV electron energies and was verified against physical measurements to within an accuracy of 2 % and 2 mm. Electron backscatter dose distributions were predicated using the MC model, Gafchromic film, and XiO eMC, which when compared showed that XiO's eMC could not accurately calculate dose at the lead interface. Several MC simulations of lead interfaces at different depths, corresponding to energies of 0.2-14 MeV at the interfaces, were used to validate the accuracy of the equations, with the results concluding that the equation could not accurately predict EBF and EBI values, especially at low energies. From this data, an equation was derived to allow estimation of the EBF and upstream EBI, which agreed to within 1.3 % for the EBF values and can predict the upstream EBI to a clinically acceptable level for all energies.

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Frazier, Callae Mignon. „Elk summer“. [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Sampey, Brante P. „Studies of the adduction of hepatocellular proteins by 4-HNE in animals [sic] models of alcoholic liver disease : systematic analysis of hepatocellular Erk 1/2 modulation and dysregulation of the Erk-Elk-AP1 signal transduction pathway /“. Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Toxicology) -- University of Colorado, 2005.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-156). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

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Lupo, Julien. „Caractérisation de l'ubinucléine, partenaire cellulaire du transactivateur ZEBRA du virus d'Epstein-Barr“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559673.

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Le facteur de transcription ZEBRA (EB1) du virus d'Epstein-Barr joue un rôle essentiel dans l'initiation de l'infection lytique et la production virale. L'ubinucléine a été identifiée comme un partenaire cellulaire de ZEBRA, capable de l'empêcher de se fixer à ses séquences d'ADN cibles. Le rôle de l'ubinucléine dans la cellule demeure inconnu, ainsi que les conséquences de son interaction avec ZEBRA dans les cellules infectées par l'EBV. Notre travail a permis, d'abord, de mieux caractériser l'ubinucléine dans la cellule épithéliale en l'identifiant comme une protéine des jonctions serrées. L'ubinucléine a été proposée comme un nouveau membre de la famille des protéines NACos (nuclear and adhesion complex components) possèdant une double localisation, les noyaux et les jonctions des cellules. Afin de mieux comprendre son rôle dans la cellule épithéliale, nous avons étudié par une approche protéomique couplée à la spectrométrie de masse les partenaires de l'ubinucléine et identifié les protéines LYRIC et RACK-1. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'ubinucléine est impliquée dans différents processus biologiques tels que la régulation de la prolifération et de l'adhésion cellulaires. Enfin, dans les cellules épithéliales infectées par l'EBV, les fonctions de l'ubinucléine semblent dépendre de sa localisation cellulaire. Au niveau nucléaire, l'ubinucléine régule négativement le cycle lytique et la production de particules virales en empêchant ZEBRA et d'autres facteurs cellulaires de se fixer à leurs promoteurs de type AP-1. Lorsqu'elle est séquestrée dans les jonctions serrées, l'inhibition de ZEBRA est levée permettant ainsi le bon déroulement du cycle lytique du virus.

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Lavaur, Jérémie. „Rôle de la phosphorylation du facteur de transcription Elk-1 dans son trafic intracellulaire et ses fonctions neuronales“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066108.

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La phosphorylation du facteur de transcription Elk-1 par les MAPK/ERK est primordiale pour l’activité transcriptionnelle du complexe ternaire formé de Elk-1 et du dimère SRF (Serum Response Factor) sur le site SRE (Serum Response Element). En plus de sa localisation nucléaire Elk-1 est exprimé dans les dendrites des neurones. Nous avons montré in vivo et in vitro une relocalisation nucléaire de Elk-1 dépendante de l’activation de ERK. La phosphorylation des Sérines 383 et 389 de Elk-1 contrôle à la fois sa translocation nucléaire et l’expression de gènes porteurs de sites SRE. La mutation de ces Sérines en résidus non phosphorylables ou l’utilisation d’un peptide pénétrant (TAT-DEF-Elk-1), qui interfère spécifiquement avec le site d’ancrage, domaine DEF de Elk-1, bloque à la fois sa translocation nucléaire et la régulation de gènes SRE-dépendants. Enfin, le peptide TAT-DEF-Elk-1 diminue le niveau d’expression de SRF et d’Actine, et est corrélé à un blocage de la croissance des dendrites
The transcription factor Elk-1 is phosphorylated by MAPK/ERK, a critical post-translational event for the transcriptional activity of the ternary complex composed of Elk-1 and a dimer of Serum Response Factor Serum (SRF) at the Serum Response Element (SRE) regulatory site of transcription. In addition to its nuclear localization, Elk-1 is found in the dendrites and soma of neuronal cells. We showed both in vitro and in vivo a nuclear relocalization of Elk-1 in ERK-dependent activation. Phosphorylation on Ser383/389 triggers both Elk-1 nuclear translocation and SRE-dependent gene transcription. Mutating these sites into inactive residues or using a synthetic penetrating peptide (TAT-DEF-Elk-1), which specifically interferes with the DEF docking domain of Elk-1, blocks both Elk-1 nuclear translocation and SRE-dependent gene regulation. Finally, the TAT-DEF-Elk-1 decreases both SRF and actin expression levels, which is associated with an impairment of dendritic extension

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Thrift, Tanya Marie. „Effects of long-term winter-spring grazing on foothill rangeland“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/thrift/ThriftT0506.pdf.

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Weiland, Trina M. „Prevalence and intensity of meningeal worms (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) and liver flukes (Fascioloides magna) in elk (Cervus elaphus) of northern Wisconsin /“. Link to full text, 2008. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2008/Weiland.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2008.
Submitted in partial fulfullment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Wildlife), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 9-17, 27-33, 48-53).

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CHEN, HSIN-LEI. „Ebb and Flow“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1196019524.

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Brochs, Christoffer. „Defektidentifieringvid EBM-tillverkning“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kvalitets- och maskinteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34780.

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Tillverkning av slutprodukter med additiv tillverkning blir allt vanligare. Slutprodukter har högre krav på detaljens mekaniska egenskaper än prototyper gör. Forskning har visat att porositeten är av stor betydelse för en detaljs hållfasthet. Med additiv tillverkning finns goda möjligheter för direkt processövervakning och kontrollsystem. Inom electron beam melting finns sådana system men de saknas en validering av resultatet från dom systemen. I de här arbetet har prover med designade defekter tillverkats. LayerQam bilder från tillverkningen har analyserats med Defect Detector. Data från analysen har visualiserats. Resultatet har studerats samt att det har tagits fram en Defect Detector-analys med högre precision. Utvalda prover har undersökts i ett tvärsnitt med optisk mikroskopi samt i 3D med mikrotomografi. Undersökningarna har jämförts med varandra, de tyder på att Defect Detector har brister i sin bedömning av densiteten. De designade defekterna har en överskattad storlek samt brister i kompensation av förvrängningen i synfältet i bilderna.

Betyg: 180827

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Kwok, Hin. „Characterization of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) strains in primary EBV infection“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203293.

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Kwok, Hin, und 郭軒. „Characterization of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) strains in primary EBV infection“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203293.

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Bengtsson, Sebastian, und Kristoffer Nilsson. „EBH - Easy Battery Handling“. Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1689.

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The project Easy Battery Handling - EBH has been carried out in our auspicial and completed

for Devantini Corporation, a development company in Halmstad with its main concern in

environmental friendly innovations.

EBH has solved one of many technical challenges in one of Devantini corporation’s larger

projects. This main project involves the development of an electric powered formula racing

car. The part of this car that involved EBH was the battery handling to guarantee safe and

quick battery exchanges during pit-stops.

The solution became an entire battery module, hanging on the side of the car on two spears

pointing out from the car. The batteries are exchanged by a specially designed trolley that is

inserted under the battery module. To secure the batteries whilst driving they are also secured

with a locking device that is quick and simple to unlock when it is time to exchange the

batteries.

The project resulted in a battery handling system that in comparison to already existing

solutions reduce the burden on the mechanics and performs an exchange of batteries in less

than half the time.

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Hohler, Deborah Dorothea. „Evaluation of habitat suitability models for elk and cattle“. Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2004. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/9208.

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Samuels, Ivy S. „The roles of ERK₁ and ERK₂ MAP kinase in neural development and disease“. Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1214495630.

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Littlefield, Joanne. „Information for the Elk Herd Debate in Arizona: Tracking Elk Populations by Satellite“. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622258.

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Buffet, Camille. „Anomalies moléculaires de la voie MAPK et cancer papillaire de la thyroïde : étude de deux phosphatases spécifiques de ERK, DUSP5 et DUSP6“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T049/document.

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Le cancer papillaire de la thyroïde (CPT) est la tumeur endocrine la plus fréquente. Des anomalies moléculaires activant la voie des MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) sont identifiées, de façon mutuellement exclusive, dans environ 70% des cas. Il s’agit de réarrangements chromosomiques, le plus souvent de type RET/PTC (10%), de mutations ponctuelles activatrices des trois isoformes de l’oncogène RAS (H, N et K-RAS) (10%), ou de l’oncogène B-RAF (50%). La mutation « hot spot » B-RAFV600E est la plus fréquemment identifiée, elle est associée à une plus grande agressivité clinique (diagnostic à un stade tardif, risque de récidives et de décès accru). Ces évènements moléculaires ont pour conséquence commune l’activation de la voie des MAPK, se traduisant en aval par la phosphorylation de MEK (Mitogen-activated Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase) puis de ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase). Cette dernière est régulée négativement par des phosphatases, appartenant à la famille des Dual Specificity Phosphatases (DUSPs), d’expression ubiquitaire, et en particulier de deux phosphatases spécifiques de ERK, l’une cytoplasmique (DUSP6) et l’autre nucléaire (DUSP5). Nous avons fait l’hypothèse que ces phosphatases pouvaient être soit des gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs (leur perte d’expression conduisant à une augmentation de phosphorylation de ERK et une prolifération accrue), soit des marqueurs du degré d’activation de la voie MAPK dans le cadre d’une boucle de rétrocontrôle négatif. Ceci nous a conduits à analyser la régulation et l’expression de ces phosphatases dans trois modèles : la lignée cellulaire PCCL3 (thyroïde de rat), exprimant l’un des trois principaux oncogènes mutés dans les CPT (RET/PTC3 ou H-RASV12 ou B-RAFV600E) sous le contrôle d’un promoteur inductible par la doxycycline, des lignées cellulaires humaines dérivant de CPT et des CPT humains. (...)
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Mutually exclusive and activating alterations of the MAPK pathway (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) are identified in 70% of cases. Common mutations found in PTCs are point mutation of the B-RAF (50%) and RAS genes (10%) as well as RET/PTC chromosomal rearrangements (10%). The hot spot B-RAFV600E mutation is the most frequently alteration identified and is connected with agressive clinical characteristics (high stage at diagnosis, high recurrence risk and death). These molecular events lead to constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway, resulting in MEK (Mitogen-activated Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase) and ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase) phosphorylation. ERK is negatively regulated by phosphatases and among them, Dual Specificity Phosphatases (DUSPs), ubiquitary expressed, in particular two ERK-specific phosphatases DUSP5 (nuclear) and DUSP6 (cytosolic). We hypothesized that these phosphatases could have tumor supressor properties (i.e. their loss would be associated with an increase in MAPK pathway activation) or may serve as a surrogate marker of MAPK pathway activation in the context of a negative feedback loop. We analysed regulation and expression of both phosphatases in 3 models: three PCCL3 cell lines (rat thyroid cells) expressing one of the most common oncogene identified in PTCs (RET/PTC3 or H-RASV12 or B-RAFV600E) under the control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter, human PTC-derived cell lines and human PTC. We demonstrated that MAPK pathway activation was correlated with induction of DUSP5 and DUSP6. These phosphatases are involved in a negative feedback loop that contributes to a tight regulation of phospho-ERK levels. DUSP5 and DUSP6 mRNA are overexpressed in human PTCs, especially in B-RAF mutated tumors suggesting a higher MAPK signaling output in these agressive PTCs. Silencing of DUSP5 and/or DUSP6 by small interfering RNA does not affect proliferation of human B-RAFV600E thyroid carcinoma-derived cell lines, suggesting the lack of tumor suppressor gene role. Compensatory changes in expression of DUSPs when a specific one is inactivated may explain this lack of effect. On the opposite, a DUSP6 pharmacological inhibitor induced a concentration dependent decrease in proliferation of human B-RAFV600E cells, suggesting « off-target » effect of this inhibitor. In a second part, we analysed the regulation of DUSP5 expression, which is a target of the MAPK pathway activation. We demonstrated, using pharmacological inhibitors, that DUSP5 is an early response gene, regulated mostly by the MAPK pathway, at the transcriptional level. Two contiguous CArG boxes that bind serum response factor (SRF) were found in a 1Kb promoter region, as well as several E twenty-six transcription factor family binding sites (EBS). These sites potentially bind Elk-1, a transcription factor activated by ERK1/2. Using wild type or mutated DUSP5 promoter reporters, we demonstrated that SRF plays a crucial role in serum induction of DUSP5 promoter activity, the proximal CArG box being important for SRF binding in vitro and in living cells. Moreover Elk-1 was bound in vitro to a promoter region containing the proximal CArG box and a putative EBS. Its specific binding to SRF was necessary to elicit promoter response to dominant positive Elk-VP16 and to enhance the response to serum stimulation. Altogether our results suggest that the MAPK pathway is more active in B-RAFV600E PTC than in PTC with other genetic alteration and could explain their clinical agressivity. DUSP5 and DUSP6, as well as phosphorylated MEK, are markers of activation of the MAPK pathway. Neither phosphatase has tumor suppressor properties in our thyroid cancer cell models. Our results suggest redundancy and functional compensation among DUSPs. (...)

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Christianson, David Alan. „Risk effects in Elk (Cervus elaphus) behavioral and nutritional responses to wolves and environmental conditions /“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/christianson/ChristiansonD0508.pdf.

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Until recently, predators have been though to regulate prey primarily through direct predation, in ecosystems where top down effects have been shown to be important. However, experiments and recent empirical observations show that the costs of antipredator responses in individuals that successfully avoid predation can exert equal or larger driving forces on population dynamics than the numerical effect of direct predation. Such a mechanism has not been explored in a large terrestrial vertebrate. I explored the antipredator responses of elk (Cervus elaphus) to wolves (Canis lupus) in the Upper Gallatin Canyon of southwest Montana, USA, December through May in the winters of 2003-2006. First I reviewed elk winter diet studies to understand what drives elk foraging behavior. Next I modeled the consequences of diet shifts in grazing and browsing on mass dynamics in wintering female elk. I also developed a new nutritional index, fecal chlorophyll, that I used primarily between winter and spring periods of nutrition as foraging constraints (and costs of antipredator response) would be quite different between these two periods. Specifically, I measured foraging behavior, diet selection, and nutrient balance in wintering elk and monitored daily predation risk as wolves moved naturally, in and out of four creek drainages that formed the primary winter range. Elk showed great sensitivity to fine-scale descriptions of wolf predation risk in nearly every response variable. In particular, adult female elk increased browsing on woody stems, sagebrush, and confers while adult males showed the opposition response and increased grazing on days when wolves were present in the same drainage. This work implies that predator may in fact play a large role in ecosystems including ecosystems where predators were deemed non-influential and bottom up effects important.

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Harris, Nyeema Charmaine. „Monitoring survival of young in ungulates a case study with Rocky Mountain elk /“. CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05212007-160829/.

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Paige, Dwayne Keith. „Factors affecting the population structure and dynamics of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in the Cedar River watershed, Washington /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5571.

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Zhao, Xiaoyang. „Mechanism of C/EBP Alpha and C/EBP Beta in pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/61343.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally accompanied by high morbidity and mortality as well as a low cure rate. Decades of investigations have provided insight into the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, where the majority of studies have been focused on transcription factors and their influence in aberrant cell growth. C/EBP Alpha is a member of the large CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of bZIP transcription factors. C/EBP Alpha is a liver enriched transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in hepatic glycogen synthesis, lipid homeostasis, and gluconeogenesis, as well as negatively modulating hepatocyte proliferation. It has previously been proved that enhancing C/EBP Alpha expression by short-activating RNAs (saRNA) can decrease tumour burden and improve liver function in cirrhotic rats with spontaneous HCC. New evidence is now emerging that C/EBP Alpha and C/EBP Beta may play a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation and hepatocyte function. Much is to be learnt about these transcription factors and their role as a potential tool for liver regeneration. The aim of this project is to further elucidate the mechanism of C/EBP Alpha and C/EBP Beta in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and investigate the molecular mechanistic character of saRNA induced RNA activation (RNAa). By doing so, we aim to understand how this protein encoded by an intronless gene can homodimerise and heterodimerise at the promoters and enhancers of a wide range of genes to regulate and maintain normal hepatocyte function. We found that C/EBP Alpha activation promotes anti-proliferative effect in differentiated HCC, and the addition of siRNA to another C/EBP family member-C/EBP Beta converts undifferentiated cell line into sensitive as it abrogates the dominant oncogenic effect of 30kDa isform of C/EBP Beta. Functional synergy of C/EBP Alpha and C/EBP Beta promotes anti-proliferative effect in both differentiated and undifferentiated HCC. For the mechanism of saRNA induced RNA activation, we confirmed that saRNA induced RNA activation works via interacting with hnRNPA2/B1 and DDXn in differentiated HCC by investigating the direct binding partners within saRNA protein complex which are involved in saRNA function. On this basis, we may reconstruct the journey of converting undifferentiated HCC to a more sensitive phenotype by upregulating the expression of these functional saRNA binding partners.

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Zajicek, Daniel J. „A rhetorical guide to Ebb“. connect to online resource, 2006. http://www.unt.edu/etd/all/May2006/zajicek%5Fdaniel/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.M.)--University of North Texas, 2006.
For flute, oboe, clarinet, contrabassoon, horn , tuba, percussion (2 players), 2 violins, viola, cello, double bass, 1 laptop computer, and 2 or more loudspeakers. System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Duration: 10:00. Includes performance notes by the composer (p. 1-23). Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-24).

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De, Jesus Orlando Figuiera Marques. „The EBV complementary strand transcripts“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7756.

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Foot, Mark. „Characterization of Esk kinase isoforms“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20917.pdf.

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Zajicek, Daniel James. „A Rhetorical Guide to Ebb“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5236/.

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In the essay A Rhetorical Guide to Ebb I explore the diverse array of influences in art, and music that guided the creation of the composition Ebb, for 13 musicians and electronics. Of those influences, the boxes of the American artist Joseph Cornell played a particularly important role. Having based the conceptual framework for Ebb on ideas taken from Cornell, the essay, instead of being driven by a single thesis, involves the creation of conceptual boxes. These conceptual boxes emphasize the influence of the artist Joseph Cornell, along with the composers Iannis Xenakis and Gérard Grisey. In addition, a time line documenting the stages in Ebb's creation is included.

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Vanhook, Patricia M. „Overcoming the Barriers to EBP“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7451.

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Cepek, Tomáš. „Planární anténa na EBG substrátu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221013.

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The aim of the thesis is to describe EBG substrate and exminate his influence on some types of antennas and choose one of them for realization. In first part this thesis describes the paramaeters of antenna in generall, in the second part is dedicated to introduction with EBG substrate mainly on the surface with the high impedance (HIES). The third part deals with the simulations of microstrip patch antennas with EBG substrate and without EBG substrate. In the last parts was designed and optimized antenna using superstrate.

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Ouedraogo, David Eric. „Exploration du réservoir EBV chez les patients infectés par le VIH : implications pathologiques“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T001.

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Les lymphocytes B mémoires circulants incluant ceux infectés par EBV de façon latente retournent périodiquement vers les territoires lymphoïdes secondaires où ils subissent une différenciation en cellules productrices d'immunoglobulines permettant au virus d'initier la réplication virale. Cependant, le suivi et la gestion de la réactivation de EBV et son association avec des néoplasies lymphoïdes chez les sujets infectés par le VIH restent un sujet de controverse et nécessite une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes impliqués. Dans cette étude, nous avons proposé de nouveaux outils biologiques pour la quantification de l'ADN EBV permettant la discrimination entre le réservoir latent et le cycle lytique du virus. Nous avons montré que la taille de ces réservoirs est étroitement associée à une activation polyclonale plus ou moins importante des cellules B. Nous avons également observé une association entre les marqueurs d'activation immunitaire et de réactivation de EBV avec la survenue de lymphome B. En outre, nous avons décrit l'évolution de gammapathies monoclonales chez des sujets infectés par le VIH sous traitement antirétroviral, et la persistante du pic monoclonal d'immunoglobulines était associée à des charges virales EBV plus élevés. Par conséquent, l'activation des lymphocytes B et subséquemment la réactivation EBV joueraient vraisemblablement les rôles principaux dans la survenue de tumeurs bénignes ou malignes des lymphocytes B au cours de l'infection VIH
It is assumed that circulating memory B cells including those latently infected by EBV return periodically to lymphoid nodes where they are stimulates and undergo differentiation into immunoglobulin-producing cells allowing the virus to initiate viral replication. However, the monitoring and the management of EBV reactivation and it association with lymphoid malignancies in HIV-infected patients are still being controversies and need a better understanding of the probable mechanisms involved. In this study, we proposed novel biological tools for EBV DNA quantification allowing discriminating latent and lytic reservoir. We showed that the EBV reservoir levels are closely associated with the polyclonal B-cell activation. We also observed an association between immune activation and EBV reactivation markers with the occurrence of B-cell lymphoma. Moreover, we described a long term evolution of monoclonal gammapathies in HIV-infected subjects and the persistence of the immunoglobulis monoclonal pike was found to be associated with higher EBV reservoir levels. Therefore, the B-cell activation and subsequently EBV reactivation likely play the main roles on the occurrence of B lymphocytes malignancies during HIV infection

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Pai, Saparna. „Molecular characterisation of EBV encoded immunomodulators and their role in EBV associated infections and malignancies /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17138.pdf.

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Faucher, Sylvie. „Cyno-EBV, a cynomolgus monkey EBV-like virus, and its latent membrane protein 1 oncogene“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6109.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and its oncogene, the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), are associated with many human malignancies. Likewise, EBV-like viruses have been associated with lymphomas in immunosuppressed cynomolgus monkeys. This study characterizes the biology of Cyno-EBV, a cynomolgus monkey EBV-like virus, including the structural proteins, antigenic relatedness to EBV and molecular and functional analysis of its LMP1 homologue. Cyno-EBV infection is ubiquitous in its host species. In vitro , Cyno-EBV immortalized cynomolgus monkey but not human B cells. The electrophoretic profile of Cyno-EBV structural proteins was almost identical to that of EBV proteins, and cynomolgus monkey and human sera showed reciprocal reactivities for several of these proteins, including the EBV receptor binding protein gp350. The coding region of the Cyno-EBV LMP1 gene was cloned and expressed. The sequence predicted a 588 amino acid (a.a.) protein with a 19 a.a. N-terminus, 6 transmembrane domains and a carboxy tail of 404 a.a. containing a 8-histidine cluster used as a natural protein tag in expression studies. Western blot analysis revealed a major polypeptide of 110 kDa. Cyno-EBV LMP1 contained series of repeats that shared no homology with other LMP1s. However, a proline-rich sequence GPXXPX6 found within the 11 a.a.-repeats of EBV LMP1 was conserved in a non-repeat region of Cyno-EBV LMP1 and contained two Janus kinase (JAK) binding motifs PXXPXP. Cyno-EBV LMP1 harbored 4 motifs PXQXT/S, predicted to interact with TRAFs, adapter proteins of the tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling pathway, which lead to activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB). Cyno-EBV LMP1 shared the same ability as EBV LMP1 to induce a NFkappaB driven reporter gene. An apparent increased toxicity of Cyno-EBV LMP1 for rodent Rat-1 cells impeded the establishment of LMP1 expressing cell lines whereas a reduced toxicity was observed for transiently expressing 293 cells when compared to EBV LMP1. Cyno-EBV is structurally and antigenically closely related to EBV. Cyno-EBV LMP1 harbored several features and motifs found in EBV LMP1. New conserved sequences were reported including a histidine cluster and a proline-rich sequence encompassing two Janus kinase binding motifs. The increased numbers of TRAF motifs found in Cyno-EBV LMP1 did not result in increased ability to activate NFkappaB in 293 cells and as for EBV LMP1, the protein appeared to have specific cell type toxicity.

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Enk, Carsten. „Funktionelle Analyse von Isoformen der CAPS-Proteinfamilie“. Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2001/enk/enk.pdf.

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40

Gude, Justin Albert. „Applying risk allocation theory in a large mammal predator-prey system“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/gude/GudeJ04.pdf.

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Understanding the behaviorally-mediated indirect effects of predators in ecosystems requires knowledge of predator-prey behavioral interactions, and the risk allocation hypothesis can be used to make predictions about such interactions. In predator-ungulate-plant systems, empirical research quantifying how predators affect ungulate group sizes and distribution, in the context of other influential variables, is particularly needed. We determined non-predation variables that affect elk (Cervus elaphus) group sizes and distribution on a winter range in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), using regression analyses of 1219 elk groups counted and mapped over 12 years prior to wolf (Canis lupus) recolonization. We next examined the relevance of these non-wolf-predation variables in the presence of wolves using logistic and linear regression on surveys of 513 1-kmÂ² areas conducted over 2 years. Using model selection techniques, we evaluated risk allocation and other a priori hypotheses of elk group size and distributional responses to wolf predation risk while accounting for influential nonwolf- predation variables. We found little evidence that wolves affect elk group sizes, which were strongly influenced by habitat type. Following predictions from the risk allocation hypothesis, wolves likely created a more dynamic elk distribution in areas that they frequently hunted, as elk tended to move during the period of safety following wolf encounters in those areas. We predict that this distributional response to wolf predation risk should decrease the spatial heterogeneity of elk impacts on grasslands in areas that wolves frequently hunt. We also predict that this response should decrease browsing pressure on heavily-browsed woody plant stands in certain areas, which is supported by recent research in the GYE. This research highlights the importance of predator-prey behavioral interactions in large mammal systems.

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Bennett, Kathryn D. „Development and evaluation of movement corridors used by Rocky Mountain Elk within the vicinity of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /“. Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BennettKathrynD/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on January 28, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Previdelli, Francisco Guilherme. „Falsa torção de poliéster: a influência da relação D/Y e configuração dos discos do agregado de texturização nos parâmetros de EKB de fios texturizados convencionais“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-01062015-145206/.

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O trabalho investiga a influencia dos parametros de processo: relacao D/Y e numero dos discos do agregado de texturizacao nas propriedades de frisagem dos filamentos de poliester texturizados por falsa torcao. Sao realizados ensaios numa texturizadeira industrial simulando diferentes niveis dos fatores D/Y e numero de discos.Analises estatisticas sao apresentadas e comprovam a influencia dos fatores nas caracteristicas de frisagem com nivel de confianca de 5%. Verifica-se que a combinacao de D/Y elevado com numero de discos elevado aumenta os valores dos parametros de frisagem do fio texturizado.
The work investigates the influence of process parameters: the factor D / Y and the aggregate number of disks in the texturing properties crimping of textured polyester filaments for false twist. Tests were performed in an industrial texturing machine simulating different levels of factors D / Y and number of discs. Results of statical analyses are presented and show the influence of factors on the characteristics of crimping with a confidence level of 5%. It is found that the combination of D / Y with a high number of discs increases the high values of the parameters of the crimp textured yarn.

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Toussaint, Ulrike. „Studien zu den Opern Werner Egks /“. Mainz : Are-Ed, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2670369&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Palreddy, Sandeep R. „Wideband Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) Structures, Analysis and Applications to Antennas“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54004.

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In broadband antenna applications, the antenna's cavity is usually loaded with absorbers to eliminate the backward radiation, but in doing so the radiation efficiency of the antenna is decreased. To enhance the radiation efficiency of the antennas EBG structures are used, but they operate over a narrow band. Uniform electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures are usually periodic structures consisting of metal patches that are separated by small gaps and vias that connect the patches to the ground plane. The electrical equivalent circuit consists of a resonant tank circuit, whose capacitance is represented by the gap between the patches and inductance represented by the via. EBG structures are equivalent to a magnetic surface at the frequency of resonance and thus have very high surface impedance; this makes the EBG structures useful when mounting an antenna close to conducting ground plane, provided the antenna's currents are parallel to the EBG structure. Because EBG structures are known to operate over a very narrow band, they are not useful when used with a broadband antenna. Mushroom-like uniform EBG structures (that use vias) are compact in size have low loss, can be integrated into an antenna to minimize coupling effects of ground planes and increase radiation efficiency of the antenna. The bandwidth of an EBG structure is defined as the band where the reflection-phase from the structure is between +900 to -900. In this dissertation analysis of EBG structures is established using circuit analysis and transmission line analysis. Methods of increasing the bandwidth of EBG structures are explored, by cascading uniform EBG structures of different sizes progressively and vertically (stacked), and applications with different types of antennas are presented. Analyses in this dissertation are compared with previously published results and with simulated results using 3D electromagnetic tools. Validation of applications with antennas is carried by manufacturing prototypes and comparing measured performance with analysis and 3D electromagnetic simulations. The improvements in performance by using wideband progressive EBG and wideband stacked EBG structures are noted.
Ph. D.

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Xu, Xuequn, und 徐學群. „Longitudinal study of Epstein-barr virus (EBV) - specific CD8 + T lymphocyte development in primary EBV infection“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4163407X.

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Xu, Xuequn. „Longitudinal study of Epstein-barr virus (EBV) - specific CD8 + T lymphocyte development in primary EBV infection“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4163407X.

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Batastini, John Walter. „The impact of wolves on the "market" for elk hunting in Montana hunter adjustment and game agency response /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online Connect to this title online (alternative address), 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/batastini/BatastiniJ0805.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 10, 2006). Chairperson, Graduate Committee: David E. Buschena. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-121).

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Patrek, Victoria Elizabeth. „The effects of supplemental feeding on stress hormone concentrations in elk“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/patrek/PatrekV0509.pdf.

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On twenty-two feedgrounds in western Wyoming, elk (Cervus elaphus) are provided with supplemental feed throughout the winter. Brucellosis seroprevalence of feedground elk is 26% whereas other elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem have historically had a brucellosis seroprevalence of 2-3%. The aggregation of elk during peak transmission allows brucellosis to persist in the feedground populations. In addition to creating the opportunity for disease transmission, the aggregation of elk on feedgrounds may have detrimental physiological effects. Studies have shown that chronically high stress hormone concentrations can suppress the immune system and lead to increased disease susceptibility. Potential stressors on the feedgrounds include high densities, large group sizes and aggressive social interactions. In this study I investigated how factors associated with supplemental feeding affect stress hormone levels, as indexed by fecal glucocorticoid levels, in elk on feedgrounds and elk on native winter range. I also worked with managers to experimentally alter the feeding distribution on the feedgrounds to examine how feeding density affects stress hormone levels and aggression rates. Results show that elk on feedgrounds have stress hormone levels 31% higher than elk on native winter range (Welch's tâ‚‚â‚‡.â‚‚â‚ƒ=2.39, p=0.024). Experimental reduction of feed density did not have an effect on stress hormone level or aggression rates. But note the relationship between fGCs and local densities here. Although the feeding treatments did appear to reduce local feeding densities,s this effect was not significant and was small relative to the large differences in density among sites. Regardless as to the cause of the high stress hormone levels seen in supplementally fed elk, the feedgrounds are creating an epidemiological setting for disease transmission and a physiological state that may increase susceptibility to disease. The impact of these stress hormone concentrations on disease susceptibility remains unknown, but may be an important driver of disease dynamics in these elk populations.

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Swanson, Anna May. „Novel immunotherapies for EBV-associated cancers“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2683.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma herpes virus persistently infecting over 90% of the adult population worldwide. It has been aetiologically linked to a number of human malignancies, including more than 90% of post transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), 50% of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), virtually all undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and approximately 10% of gastric carcinoma (GC). As EBV infection in healthy individuals is mainly controlled by virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), we hypothesise that engineering T cells with chimeric T cell receptors (cTCRs) specific for EBV latent membrane proteins (LMPs) will confer on these cells the ability to target and kill the malignant cells of cancers associated with Epstein-Barr virus. Thus, the aim of this project was generate these engineered T cells and to set up a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model in which to test their effectiveness. Three EBV-infected cell lines derived from HL, NPC and GC gave rise to tumours in 11 of 12 (92%), 12 of 12 (100%) and 10 of 10 (100%) SCID mice respectively, when 1x107 cells were injected subcutaneously. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the HL SCID tumours were CD4-, CD15-, CD20+, CD30+, consistent with a HL Reed-Sternberg cell phenotype, and NPC and GC SCID tumours expressed the epithelial cell marker cytokeratin. Furthermore, all tumours expressed EBVencoded RNAs (EBERs) and LMP1. This was identical to parent cell line expression patterns, and hence growth in vivo did not affect cell phenotype. T cells were successfully transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a CD19-specific cTCR (CD19- cTCR) with a mean transduction rate of 13%±6%. Transduced cells were cytotoxic for HL-derived L591 cells in vitro, with specific lysis of 24%±11% at an effector to target ratio of 20:1. This was significantly higher than specific lysis seen in mock transduced cells (p>0.05). At a tumour inoculation dose of 5x106, in vivo sc transfer of 5x107 CD19-cTCR transduced cells was able to prevent HL tumour development in 6 of 6 (100%) test mice, whereas 17 of 22 (77%) control mice and 2 of 3 (66%) mice treated with unmodified EBV-specific CTLs developed tumours. Moreover, iv transfer of 5x107 CD19-cTCR transduced cells mediated complete regression of HL SCID tumours in 3 out of 6 (50%) mice. Phage display selection experiments to isolate a single chain antibody fragment (scFv) specific for viral LMPs for incorporation in a cTCR were performed. Linear, biotinylated and cyclised biotinylated peptides derived from the external reverse turn loops of LMP2 were used as target antigens. Despite extensive testing, no reactive clones specific for the peptides were identified. The ability of CD19-cTCR transduced cells to specifically lyse HL cells in vitro, and clear tumour burden in vivo, supports a future role for engineered T cells in the treatment of HL. Despite the lack of success in isolating a scFv for LMP2, the use of viral antigen specific, cTCR redirected T cells remains in principle a valuable therapeutic alternative for EBV-associated malignancies. The SCID models for HL, NPC and GC will provide a useful preclinical tool for investigation of their efficacy in vivo.

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Jansson, Julia, und Alexandra Sihlén. „Flyktingtillströmningens påverkan på socialsekreterare inom EKB“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121935.

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Under år 2015 har media haft skriverier om flyktingkrisen i Europa och Sverige. Det har lagts fram som en av de största flyktingkriserna genom svensk historia på grund av mängden som anlänt. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur flyktingtillströmningen i Sverige har på-verkat socialarbetare inom ensamkommande barn i Norrland privat och yrkesmässigt samt vilket stöd socialtjänsten har erbjudit dessa yrkesverksamma i situationen. För att svara på syfte gjordes en kvalitativ studie med sju intervjuer med socialsekreterare. Materialet som har samlats in har bearbetats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, vilket lett till ett innehållsrikt resultat som har analyserats genom fyra olika teorier. Teorierna täcker in flera aspekter inkluderat micro-, meso- och makro-nivå, för att skapa en helhetsbild vilket framkommit i intervjuerna. Resultaten bevisar att arbetsbelastningen ökade under år 2015 vilket ledde till att arbetsuppgifterna för socialsekreterarna förändrades genom att omprioriteringar behövde göras och största fokus blev på att lösa boendeplatser och de mest akuta saker som dök upp. Under denna period fanns det stöd i form av handledning, utbildning, kollegor och chefsstöd, men tiden räckte inte alltid till för att ta tillvara på stödet. Arbetsbelastningen och sena dagar på jobbet gjorde att socialsekreterarnas privatliv påverkades negativ på diverse sätt.

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