Dissertationen zum Thema „Eau – Pollution par les composés organiques – Décontamination“
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Boudesocque, Nicolas. „Contribution à l’étude de plasmas d'arc immergé : applications à la décontamination et à la gazéification d'effluents organiques aqueux“. Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5122869a-8d09-4e6d-8df6-8876ecc89e2c/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4041.pdf.
This work is concemed with decontamination and gasification of aqueous organic liquid waste by immersed thermal plasma technology. Ln this concept, the organic compounds are decomposed into gas by high temperature plasma. A quench of about 107-108 K/s, is obtained by immersion into a given effluent. Two kinds of arc plasma are studied. The first one is an immersed electrical arc stricken between two graphite electrodes. The second one is a plasma jet generated by a non- transferred plasma torch. For dilute liquid waste (1g/L) containing molecules incompatible with conventional biological processes, the hydroxyl radicals (OH˚) are continuously produced by the plasma jet directly into the solution allowing complete molecule mineralization into carbon dioxide and water. The heteroatoms, if present, are converted into solvated ions. The decomposition of the molecules, such as chlorophenols and aniline, are studied. Considering the identified intermediate products, a reaction mechanism is proposed. For each tested molecules, their concentration decreased at least of 90 percent. Based on the "gasosiphon" phenomenon, the experimental reactor insures the simultaneous recirculation of both gas and liquid phases. The hydrodynamic was studied using in situ high frequency imaging technology. A CFD code was applied for numerical simulation of the observed recirculation phenomena. The results were compared with obtained experimental data. Ln the case of concentrated liquid waste (> 100 g/L), syngas was produced by thermal cracking of organic molecules. The best measured composition of the gas is about 45% v/v of H2 and 45 % v/v of CO when an electrical arc is used. The usability of both studied plasma types were investigated in this field. The experimental study was carried on using fructose and glucose solution (severnl hundreds g/L) as surrogated effluent. With a specific injection method, gasification rate is about 30 % with one way. Optical Emission Spectroscopy and high frequency imaging were applied to investigate the immersed electrical arc. The thermal plasma gasification is investigated through a" process engineering" approach. To this aim, factorial test plan was built and done. Trials with liquid waste from olive oil and paper industries complete this work
Bakhtiar, Amina. „Elaboration de photocatalyseurs à base d'argile pour la décontamination des polluants organiques en solution aqueuse“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR054.
A clay-based TiO2 nanocomposite material was synthesized by a facile method to investigate its structure and photocatalytic efficiency. The supported TiO2 nanoparticles were generated from a sol-gel method, and subsequently, mixed with a suspension of sepiolite. The material was recovered in powder form (Mc-80), and then calcined to properly arrange the crystal lattice of the TiO2 particles for use in heterogeneous photocatalysis (Mc-80-500). The powder X-ray diffractogram of Mc-80-500 reveals a dispersion of anatase and rutile phase TiO2 particles on the clay surface, exhibiting a size in the order of 4-8 nm. TEM images of Mc-80-500 confirmed the presence of isolated TiO2 beads on the surface of the fibrous sepiolite. The specific surface area of Mc-80-500 is larger than that of raw sepiolite and that of free TiO2 nanoparticles.Mc-80-500 was found to be more efficient in heterogeneous photocatalysis compared to other TiO2 materials based on sepiolite. A total depollution of a reactive dye (Orange G) was achieved after 1h irradiation time, which is relatively quick compared to previous reports. The photocatalyst material can be washed with distilled water without chemical additives or calcination, and can be reused several times for photocatalysis without loss of efficiency.Keywords: nanoparticles, photocatalysis, sol-gel, sepiolite, titanium dioxide
Boudouch, Otmane. „Étude de la dépollution des sols par extraction sous pression réduite : application au traitement des COV“. Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0107/these.pdf.
Soil Vapour Extraction (SVE), which includes gas extraction and/or gas injection, is the primary method used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from unsaturated subsurface porous media. The widespread use of SVE is due to its above ground simplicity of operation and proven ability to remove contaminant mass inexpensively relative to competing technologies. The objectives of this study may be summarized as follow: - Characterisation of the more appropriate method to determine horizontal and vertical soil air permeability components. - Study of the evolution of soil air permeability as a function of liquids saturation degree. - Verification of the validity or not of the use of unidirectional columns in extraction systems design based on attainment of a critical pore-gas velocity. To accomplish these objectives, a laboratory pilot was designed and realised, a series of experimental tests was conducted and literature models have been used. Results showed that the more appropriate method to determine soil air permeability is the one which involve stationary state in an open soil and that results obtained with a unidirectional column related to critical air velocity can not be extrapolated to field scale as it's currently done
Renauld, Vivien. „Etude de la désorption de terres polluées par des composés organiques sur un pilote semi-industriel en continu : modélisation du transfert de polluants dans une particule de sol“. Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0630.
Risoul, Véronique. „Etude, à l'échelle du laboratoire, de l'influence de la pression sur la décontamination thermique de sols pollués par des molécules organiques : étude particuliere des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques“. Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0541.
Bonazebi, Antoine. „Extraction des composés de métaux lourds contenus dans la jarosite décomposée par des déchets organiques“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL059N.
Dutheil, Camille. „Dépollution des sols par extraction sous pression réduite : étude de quelques paramètres“. Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0016/these.pdf.
Soil vapour extraction is a treatment process for soils polluted by volatil organic compounds. Its principle relies on the circulation of gaseous flow in soil by the application of a depression of some hundreds millibars. A parametrical study has been led on a soil artificially polluted by trichlorethene. It shows that the gaseous flow rate has a slight influence on pollutants extraction yield. This is due to rate limited mass transfer processes. Soil moisture plays a negative role on treatment efficiency because of the reduction of the porosity available for the gas circulation. Tests have been performed on a soil polluted by a complex mixture of organic pollutants to elaborate a methodology of technical feasibility assessment. This methodology aims at identifying and limiting risks of site rehabilitation failure. Tests results show that soil vapour extraction was inadequat to treat the soil tested in this study because of the strong affinity between a dense organic phase (grease) and chlorinated solvents
Hanna, Khalil. „Etude de faisabilité de l'utilisation de molécules "cage" dans la dépollution des sols : solubilisation et extraction de polluants organiques par les cyclodextrines“. Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0070/these.pdf.
Soil matrices contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) abound at the sites of coke-oven gas plants, refineries, and many other major chemical industries. The problem of soil pollution has been widely recognised in recent years. The removal of PAHs from soil using pure water, via soil washing, is quite ineffective due to their low solubility and hydrophobicity. However, addition of cyclodextrin (CD) has been shown to increase the removal efficiency several fold. Herein are investigated the effectiveness of cyclodextrin to solubilise and to remove PAH occurring in industrially contaminated soil. The interactions in the cyclodextrin/pollutant/soil system have been studied “step by step”. The objective was to use a CD solution for soil flushing in column test in lab and to evaluate the influencing parameters that can significantly increase the removal efficiency. The process parameters chosen were CD concentration, ratio of washing solution volume to soil weight, and temperature of washing solution. These parameters were found to have a significant effect on PAH removal from the contaminated soil except the temperature where no significant enhancement in PAH extraction was observed for temperature range from 5 to 35 °C. Column experiments were also carried out to study the kinetics of PAH release from an aged-contaminated soil using three types of CD. The extraction results indicate that removal capacity of HPCD and MCD was higher than that of BCD. With 10% MCD solution, an extraction of about 40% of Phenanthrene on soil was observed, whereas only 0. 2% was removed when water was used as the flushing solution
Couffin, Nathalie. „Elimination de composes organohalogenes volatils a l'etat de traces dans l'eau par distillation membranaire sous vide“. Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0007.
Zou, Xiaoqin. „Etude de la sélectivité moléculaire des membranes à base de matériaux poreux“. Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2012.
Zeolitic membranes, films and composites with regular pore systems are attractive for a wide range of applications including gas/liquid separation, chemical sensors, catalytic membrane reactors, and light-harvesting materials. In this study, detection, removal or reduction of pollutants from liquid and gas media using porous materials (zeolites and MOFs) assembled in films and membranes are presented. As-prepared ZSM-5 membrane by secondary growth and LTL-hemp composite by in-situ crystallization are used to remove toxic heavy metals and aromatics contaminants from aqueous solutions. Design of new materials and development of facile and efficient processes for fuel gas or vapour separations are presented. In addition to pure silica MFI membrane (Silicalite-1) applied for extraction of ethanol from aqueous solution, the focus was on the preparation of MOF [Co3(HCOO)6] membranes via secondary growth approach, and further evaluation for the upgrading of natural gas by binary gas permeation of CO2/CH4. The porous materials (zeolites and MOFs) are also used as selective and high sensitive films for detection of air pollutants. MOF films composed of Y(BTC) nanocrystals are fabricated and apply for sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as chloroform, acetone and 2-ethylthiophene. Besides, zeolites and MOF thin films loaded with metals are prepared and used for detection of CO with low concentration in the presence of water and hydrocarbons
Grumiaux, Fabien. „Etude multiparamétrique de la contamination métallique et organique du canal à grand gabarit du Nord de la France : effets sur la macrofaune benthique et caractériqation chez le gardon (Rutilus rutilus L.) d'un biomarqueur d'exposition“. Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-242.pdf.
Roy, Gilles. „Détection et dégradation des micropolluants organiques dissous dans l'eau“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL047N.
Brusturean, Gabriela Alina. „Dépollution des sols par venting et extraction sous pression réduite : étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation numérique“. Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAL0075.
The work of thesis relates to experimental study, modelling and numerical simulation of depollution by venting and SVE of the soils polluted by light hydrocarbons. The first part contains a bibliographical study of pollutants interaction with the soil, of industrial applications of these two techniques and of the modelling techniques used for the follow-up of depollution. The second part is made up of the presentation of the equipments and procedures used for the follow-up of depollution on laboratory pilots. The third part presents the results obtained on soils polluted by components of automobile fuel alone or in mixture with the variation of the operating conditions (gas flow, extraction pressure, ageing of pollution). The agreement between the experimental and modelling (quantified by the factors of agreement) is good, which will allow the use of the developed techniques of calculation for an optimisation of the depollution conditions
Cotel, Solenn. „Etude des transferts sol/nappe/atmosphère/bâtiments ; Application aux sols pollués par des Composés Organiques Volatils“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377724.
Le polluant considéré est le trichloréthylène, le milieu poreux est un sable moyen et les expériences ont été réalisées en colonne.
Après la mise au point d'une méthode d'analyse du TCE aqueux, gazeux et sorbé, les mécanismes prédominants des transferts ont été quantifiés isolement essentiellement par le biais d'essais de diffusion en sable sec, à saturation résiduelle en eau et saturé. Puis, ces mécanismes ont été couplés au sein d'une expérience de transfert de TCE en sable avec un profil de teneur en eau réel (hydrostatique). Chaque type d'essai a été dimensionné, si possible dupliqué et interprété grâce au code multiphasique Comsol dont l'équation de l'écoulement a été modifiée afin de considérer la convection gravitaire.
En contrôlant rigoureusement les facteurs externes influents ainsi que les conditions aux limites, il a été possible de réaliser des expériences reproductibles et interprétables de transfert de TCE, un composé volatil et réactif en milieu poreux très perméable. Une bonne reproductibilité des résultats expérimentaux par la simulation a été obtenue moyennant de légères modifications des paramètres de base : rapport perméabilité sur viscosité, tortuosité(Millington, 1959) et paramètre de calage de la courbe de conductivité aéraulique (Thomson et al., 1997). Ce travail a permis une compréhension fine des transferts gazeux en ZNS, en particulier en frange capillaire.
Wang, Lei. „Photodégradation de pollutants organiques induite par des complexes Fe(III)-carboxylate en solutions aqueuses“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728829.
Namour, Philippe. „Auto-épuration des rejets organiques domestiques : nature de la matière organique résiduaire et son effet en rivière“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10232.
Sahmarani, Rayane. „Valorisation des déchets agroalimentaires (noyaux des dattes-Phoenix Dactylifera) pour l’élimination des pesticides organochlorés des eaux contaminées“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R079.
The objective of this thesis is to propose an innovative approach for the depollution of contaminated water by organochlorine pesticides used an adsorption technique on activated carbons from date stones (species : Phoenix dactylifera, types : Ajwa, Anbari et Khudri). Then, study the retention capacity of these column materials in the laboratory with applications on contaminated sites (effluents of agriculture and wastewater treatment plants).The preparation of better activated carbons from date stones by a simple process of pyrolysis preceded by a chemical impregnation with phosphoric acid. Several parameters will be studied in order to determine the optimal conditions of the adsorption such as dose of the adsorbent, pH of the solution, initial concentration of pesticides and time of contact, since the adsorption capacity of an activated carbon depends in part on the capability between the pore size and the dimension of the adsorbed molecules. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the production of activated carbon
Sahmarani, Rayane. „Valorisation des déchets agroalimentaires (noyaux des dattes-Phoenix Dactylifera) pour l’élimination des pesticides organochlorés des eaux contaminées“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR079.
The objective of this thesis is to propose an innovative approach for the depollution of contaminated water by organochlorine pesticides used an adsorption technique on activated carbons from date stones (species : Phoenix dactylifera, types : Ajwa, Anbari et Khudri). Then, study the retention capacity of these column materials in the laboratory with applications on contaminated sites (effluents of agriculture and wastewater treatment plants).The preparation of better activated carbons from date stones by a simple process of pyrolysis preceded by a chemical impregnation with phosphoric acid. Several parameters will be studied in order to determine the optimal conditions of the adsorption such as dose of the adsorbent, pH of the solution, initial concentration of pesticides and time of contact, since the adsorption capacity of an activated carbon depends in part on the capability between the pore size and the dimension of the adsorbed molecules. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the production of activated carbon
Wernert, Véronique. „Rôle de la matière organique dans le transport et la spéciation du mercure“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13028.
In order to better understand the role of organic matter (OM) in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury (Hg), field studies in the Ill river basin (Alsace) as well as sorption and transport experiments of Hg(II) in batch and column reactors were performed. The sorption of Hg(II) onto a natural quartz sand with or without OM and the transport of Hg(II) alone, OM alone and Hg(II) in the presence of OM through a natural or a pure quartz sand were studied with respect to pH, initial concentration of Hg(II) or MO, etc. OM is either a commercial humic acid (HA) (Aldrich) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the Ill river. In an aquatic ecosystem, the concentrations of the dissolved or particulate Hg result from interactions of Hg with organic ligands (DOC) and particles but also from settling of these Hg contaminated particles towards sediments. These results are in good agreement with those obtained in the laboratory. Indeed, Hg(II) has a very strong affinity for (hydr)oxides and clays present at low levels in the sand. On the other hand due to the presence of HA or natural OM, which complexes Hg, the sorption of Hg decreases. The transport of Hg in the presence of HA and DOC is thus strongly increased. It would be possible to assume formation of ternary surface complexes of type B between the surface, the ligands and Hg. The sorption thermodynamic results were interpreted from Langmuir type relationship. The stability constants between Hg and OM determined in this study range between 3 and 6 (log K)
Wang, Lei. „Photodegradation of organic pollutants induced by Fe(III)-caoxylate complexes in aqueous solution“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728829.
Jean, Etienne. „Membranes liquides ioniques supportées pour le transport des ions métalliques“. Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES032.
The aim of the present work was to develop new ionic liquid containing supported liquid membranes for the facilitated extraction of heavy metal and rare earth element ions. Even if supported liquid membranes have proven good transport properties, they exhibit poor stability through time. It was thought that ionic liquids could be a solution to this drawback due to their high stability and poor water solubility. The approach was to synthesize ionic liquids with anions that were well-known as carriers for metal ions extraction. It was then intended to synthesize ionic liquids with long fluorinated chains to improve the interactions with the support membrane. The transport experiments were performed on heavy metal ions, namely Hg(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III), and on rare earth element ions Eu(III), Nd(III), Y(III) and Yb(III). The membranes'permeability (P), initial fluxes (J0), diffusion coefficients (D*) and ion-carrier complexes stability constants (Kass) were determined. We intended to modelize the transport by studying the influence of the carrier, ions concentration, pH and temperature. We clearly outlined the influence of the ion's hardness and the carrier's structure
El-Osmani, Racha. „Étude de la contamination des eaux et des sédiments par les pesticides“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10165.
Since the explosion of the chemical industry in the twentieth century and the use of synthetic products, increasing amounts of chemicals, have continued to be released into the environment. However, in recent decades, there has been a growing concern about the fate of these chemicals that threaten water resources. Increased knowledge on the analytical performance and toxicological data on active products has led authorities in industrialized and developing countries to impose various restrictions. Monitoring of contaminants in aquatic environments has been put in place to achieve good ecological state of the environment. Among the most dangerous and the most commonly detected in aquatic organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives and pesticides. These contaminants present in trace amounts in aquatic environments. Analyzes require appropriate analytical methods to be both specific and sensitive. The objective of this thesis is to develop analytical methods for the extraction of several families of organic contaminants (pesticides, hydrocarbons ...) in water and sediment. A mathematical model Umetrics was used to study the influence of each interest parameter. Compared to conventional methods, this model reduces the number of experiments, and have very good yields. The optimized methods were then applied to study the natural environment in France and Lebanon
El-Osmani, Racha. „Étude de la contamination des eaux et des sédiments par les pesticides“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10165/document.
Since the explosion of the chemical industry in the twentieth century and the use of synthetic products, increasing amounts of chemicals, have continued to be released into the environment. However, in recent decades, there has been a growing concern about the fate of these chemicals that threaten water resources. Increased knowledge on the analytical performance and toxicological data on active products has led authorities in industrialized and developing countries to impose various restrictions. Monitoring of contaminants in aquatic environments has been put in place to achieve good ecological state of the environment. Among the most dangerous and the most commonly detected in aquatic organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives and pesticides. These contaminants present in trace amounts in aquatic environments. Analyzes require appropriate analytical methods to be both specific and sensitive. The objective of this thesis is to develop analytical methods for the extraction of several families of organic contaminants (pesticides, hydrocarbons ...) in water and sediment. A mathematical model Umetrics was used to study the influence of each interest parameter. Compared to conventional methods, this model reduces the number of experiments, and have very good yields. The optimized methods were then applied to study the natural environment in France and Lebanon
Malard, Florian. „Contribution à l'étude biologique de la qualité des eaux souterraines karstiques : application à un site atelier nord-montpelliérain (bassin de la source du Lez)“. Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10046.
Fessi, Nidhal. „Intensification de la dégradation de polluants organiques par photocatalyse dans des émulsions de Pickering“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1352/document.
This thesis examines a promising new method for the effective depollution of water contaminated by insoluble organic pollutants such as toluene, 1-methylnaphthalene, nitrobenzene, etc. This advanced oxidation method is based on heterogeneous photocatalysis in Pickering emulsions. In this type of emulsion, the stabilizing surfactants of the oily droplets are replaced by solid nanoparticles having high photocatalytic properties. Moreover, these solid nanoparticles must fulfill the conditions of partial wettability in both aqueous and oily phases thanks to a hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance on their surface. For this reason, the titanium dioxide (TiO2) anatase was prepared by the sol-gel method and then modified by fluorination to obtain the TiO2-F catalyst. The objective is to formulate Pickering oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions from organic pollutants of low water solubility. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, DRS, XPS, and TG-TD-MS. It has been shown that fluorination brings about important changes in the optical properties of TiO2 (change in band gap) and improves the hydrophilic / hydrophobic balance at its surface significantly. Moreover, the obtained results indicate that stable Pickering emulsions can be formulated using TiO2 or TiO2-F nanoparticles. The type and stability of the emulsions depend on the wettability of the stabilizing nanoparticles evaluated by contact angle measurements. The wettability of the nanoparticles has been found to be highly dependent on the type of oil due to the contributions of polarity and specific interactions with pollutants. The study of Pickering emulsions by electrical conductivity, optical microscopy and light scattering showed that high stability was obtained under partial wetting conditions: contact angle in water between 70 and 110°. The change in the size of the oil droplets with the oil/photocatalyst mass ratio confirmed a strong adsorption of the catalyst nanoparticles on the oil droplets. Finally, the judged stable emulsions were photodegraded under UV radiation. The photodegradation kinetics of organic pollutants measured by HPLC showed that degradation was intensified using Pickering emulsions compared to non-emulsified systems. These results have shown that the use of Pickering emulsions stabilized by titanium dioxide nanoparticles is an effective and innovative way to intensify the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Guerandel, Cyril. „Etude de la qualité du piégeage des matières organiques par la matrice cimentaire vis-à-vis de la lixiviation“. Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ030S/document.
Evidence that materials used by the industry are not damageable for the environment has become a major issue. In cement industry, organic admixtures such as grinding aids or superplasticizers ar widely used. In particular, they constitute cementitious materials in concrete contacting water like in water pipes and water tower. It is therefore essential to test whether these organic coumpounds are enventually dissolved into water by leaching. In this aim, five different dynamic leaching tests were developed and applied to a CEM I cement paste formulated with organic admixtures. In paralell, highly sensitive analytical methods based on MALDI-TOF and Py-THM-MS mass spectrometry techniques were designed in order to detect traces of leached superplasticizers or grinding aids. The dynamic leaching tests coupled to mass spectrometry allowed us to detect the presence of organic compounds in the leachate, and to better understand the mechanisms involved in the trapping of additives into a cement paste
Berthe, Céline. „Etude de la matière organique contenue dans des lixiviats issus de différentes filières de traitement des déchets ménagers et assimilés“. Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f64563c8-cc6b-46ce-b282-6ac873ca7db0/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0052.pdf.
Merhabi, Fatmé. „Contamination par les polluants organiques persistants et émergents une étude de cas : la rivière Kadicha“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG080.
The river contamination with persistent and emerging organic pollutants has raised an increasing concern about their impact on exposed ecosystems. Small Mediterranean coastal rivers have great and fast variations of hydrological flow along the year and can rapidly bring to the mediterranean sea the contamination occurring in the coastal area, especially where population density is high. The Kadicha river basin in Northern Lebanon is an illustrative example of multiple pressures encountered in the Mediterranean basin: it is a small coastal river affected by disorganized and rapid urbanization, a population growth and a chronic default of wastewater collection and treatment. In this context, various contaminants, witness of different anthropic activities were selected and analyzed within the Kadicha river basin.The main objective of this thesis was to determine the impact of anthropogenic activities on the Kadicha River watershed through the study of the contamination with persistent and emerging organic pollutants. Then, the potential environmental risk associated with their presence was assessed. Among emerging contaminants, several compounds having different physico-chemical properties were selected: personal care products (ultraviolet absorbents, musks), insecticides, biocides and surfactants (alkylphenols) and pharmaceutical products. Thus 41 hydrophobic compounds and 23 hydrophilic compounds were studied in sediments and water respectively. The environmental matrices were collected during two sampling campaigns corresponding to wet and dry seasons along sites impacted by urban, rural and mixture land uses (residential and agricultural zones).The results indicate : i) a detection of the totality of persistant organic pollutants and personal care products, insecticides, biocides and surfactants and 6 pharmaceuticals were detected, ii) a higher contamination (in terms of concentrations and diversity of molecules) in urban than in rural zones, iii) a selection of potential markers of urbanization (permethrin, galaxolide and UV-326) iv) an environmental risk for several compounds (ofloxacine (pharmaceutical), low molecular weight PAHs and polychlorinated biphenyls) was identified and v) a higher potential risk associated with the presence of persistent organic pollutants.These results can be considered a knowledge base on anthropogenic pressures and levels of contamination with persistent and emerging organic pollutants in the Kadicha river watershed. The data acquired as well as the potential environmental risks associated with the presence of certain molecules in the Kadicha river watershed lead to propose these molecules as a part of future monitoring programs for anthropized rivers in the Mediterranean basin
Cailleaud, Kévin. „Utilisation du copépode Eurytemora affinis pour étudier l'écodynamique et les effets biologiques des principaux composants organiques (PCB, HAP, Alkylphénols. . . ) en estuaire de Seine“. Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13265.
Hannachi, Riadh. „Etude expérimentale et propriétés radiatives d'un plasma thermique induit par impact laser à la surface de milieux aqueux eau-chlorure de calcium/chlorure de magnésium/chlorure de sodium“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/89/.
This thesis is part of a project concerning the development of a process which enables the detection of pollutants in water using a laser ablation device. The impact of a laser beam on a material allows to vaporize it and to generate a plasma. The elementary composition of the sample is obtained by the spectroscopic analysis of the ionized gas. This method, applicable to any kind of materials (solid, liquid, gaseous, insulating or conductive) is known as LIBS (Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy). A Nd: Yag laser (lambda = 532 nm, pulse duration 4ns, deposited energy 30 mJ, frequency 5 Hz) is used to generate a plasma on the surface of liquid targets containing weak proportions of alkaline salts (5. 10-4 to 2 mol/liter of CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl). This work allowed to test the sensibility of the process and to define the detection limits of the species Ca, Mg and Na acting as impurities. Various optical emission spectroscopy diagnosis techniques based upon the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) are used to characterize the plasma plume in its extinction phase (temperature and species densities). The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the development of calculation codes enabling the determination of the chemical equilibrium composition and radiative properties: the mean absorption coefficients k\lambda (m-1) by frequency bands and the net emission coefficient epsilon\N (W. M-3. Sr-1). .
Louriño, Cabana Beatriz. „Comportement des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) dans deux systèmes aquatiques soumis à des activités minières et métallurgiques“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10033/document.
Trace-metals behaviour had been studied in two different aquatic systems contaminated by mining and metallurgical activities. The first study site is situated in two Norwegian rivers (Raubekken and Vorma). Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations in both rivers were measured by voltammetry by means of an automatic monitoring system developed by the NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology). The most significant result of this study was the daily variability of these three metals in Vorma, with noticeable shifts of metal-content maxima detected. The second study site is situated in Deûle river, close to the ancient smelter Metaleurop. Although suspended particles and sediments were strongly contaminated by Pb, Zn and Cd, the global quality of the filtered water was found to be good. As for the water-sediment interface, the oxidation of biodegradable organic matter and the reduction of iron and manganese oxides result in an important release of trace metals in interstitial waters from surface sediments. Nevertheless, measured and calculated diffusive and benthic fluxes of trace metals from the sediment to the water column were weak with respect to daily metal-concentrations variations in the water column. During monitoring campaigns in winter, it was shown that an increase of dissolved zinc occurred in the water column a few hours after sediment resuspension events, whereas in spring this phenomenon is more dependent upon temperature variations between day and night and phytoplankton activity as key parameters of daily cycles
Samir, Brahim. „Dégradation électrochimique du thiabendazole et l’imazalil. Étude de réactivité atmosphérique des composés aromatiques hétérocycliques azotés“. Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS037/document.
This work concerns a new insight of treatment of organic pollutants pesticides before their rejection in the natural environment. This phenomenon is increasing dramatically causing many adverse effects on the environment and the health. The first step of this work focused on the treatment of aqueous solution charged with fungicides by direct electrochemical processes. The efficiency of this latter in the treatment of waters polluted by pesticides has been confirmed with a mineralization rate exceeding 80%. In the other hand, the obtained results have ensured that the nature of the anode material is one of the keys and factors having an influence on the oxidation pathway. The second step conducted by absorption spectroscopy and focused on the atmospheric reactivity in the gas phase of nitrogenous heterocyclic aromatic compounds. These species are expected during the degradation of pesticides. The use of an atmospheric simulation chamber at different temperatures allowed us to follow the kinetics of these compounds with ozone and OH radicals. The kinetics of ozonolysis of these compounds is very slow. The molecular structure is the factor, according to the results obtained, controlling the atmospheric reactivity of these compounds in the case of their reaction with OH radicals. Indeed, the 5-atom aromatic heterocyclic compounds have a greater reactivity with respect to the OH radicals, compared with six-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Moreover, according to these studies, the presence of nitrogen atoms in the aromatic ring has a deactivating effect on the reactivity of these compounds with the OH radicals. Spectroscopically, the UV-visible absorption spectra of the compounds 1,2,3-triazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridazine were determined in the gas phase and their atmospheric photodissociation constants were estimated. Finally, the kinetic and spectroscopic data obtained made it possible to discuss the atmospheric implications of these compounds in terms of their lifetime with respect to the different processes of atmospheric degradation
De, Perre Chloé. „Etude des interactions matière organique dissoute : contaminants organiques dans l'environnement aquatique“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13933/document.
In relation with a widespread human impact on aquatic resources and ecosystems, many organic chemical contaminants are present at trace levels in aquatic environments. In parallel to these contaminants, dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is composed of complex mixtures of molecules and macromolecules, is also found and could be associated with these contaminants and influence their behavior and distribution. Interactions between DOM and contaminants can be very difficult to understand because they depend on many factors such as the nature of contaminants and DOM, as well as on environmental physico-chemical parameters. The aim of this work was thus to study these interactions. Organic contaminants studied were Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, several types of natural and commercial DOM have been used. To study the interactions, several analytical techniques have been developed like solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and fluorescence quenching
Marcandella, Élise. „Caractérisation biophysicochimique du transfert d'un soluté réactif en milieu poreux saturé : application à la migration du phényl acétate de mercure à travers les sédiments du Rhin“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL026N.
Molnar, Nathalie. „Impact des effluents de la crevetticulture sur la dynamique de la matière organique benthique et leurs implications sur les processus biogéochimiques dans une mangrove (Nouvelle-Calédonie)“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0002.
In New Caledonia, the mangrove is used as a buffer zone between the shrimp farms and the lagoon, in order that the mangrove acts as a biofilter that would allow the treatment of the organic load of effluents. While the impacts of effluents on surface water in the mangroves are relatively well understood, their effects on the benthic compartment, at both geochemical and biological, remained largely unknown. The objective of this thesis was to understand the ability of the mangrove to process the effluent in its substrate. A dual problematic was defined, understanding the processes of mineralization of organic matter below different mangrove stands, and monitoring the effluent in a spatiotemporal way, using molecular and isotopic tools. Sampling was conducted during a year in order to cover the cycle of the farm, as well as seasonal variations, in two mangroves, one receiving effluents from a shrimp farm, and the other serving as control area. The MO contained in the effluent is dispersed homogeneously in the mangroves by the tides, some is deposited and is subjected to decay processes, but some is exported from the ecosystem, the mangroves cannot buffer the entire organic load. The zonation of mangrove clearly plays a key role in the natural treatment of effluents. Due to the organic nature of its substrate, and the fact that it is daily swept by tides, the Rhizophora stand appears as a zone of preferential dispersion of effluents. Its functioning does not appear altered by the effluent discharge. As for Avicennia stand, despite the amount of MO which is deposited, the substrate does not switch to anoxia due to intense bioturbation resulting from the density of crabs and the physiological activity of the root system, which are both boosted by the contribution of effluents. However, it may not be used as a discharge area because of the modification of the sedimentation and consequently of the immersion time, which governs the zonation of the ecosystem
Kouzayha, Abir. „Développement des méthodes analytiques pour la détection et la quantification de traces des HAP et de pesticides dans l'eau : application à l'étude de la qualité des eaux libanaises“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14414/document.
Water pollution presents a very critical problem facing industrial and developping countries. The environmental monitoring of the contaminants seems necessary to understand their sources and impacts. Among a wide variety of organic pollutants present in water,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides are of particular importance as widespread, persistent, and toxic contaminants. They are usually present at trace levels in theacquatic surfaces; therefore their detection and control require selective and sensitiveanalytical procedures. The Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) followed by the Gas-Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) are the most commonly usedtechniques for their analysis in water. Thesis objectives are focused on the development of new analytical methods for the extraction and analysis of these two families of pollutants present in water. To overcone the contraints of the traditional SPE, a new approach was developed consisting on the introduction of the centrifugation in several steps of the procedure. The new method showed practical environmental and economical advantages interms of sample preparation time, simplicity, reduction in solvent use, and cost and isparticularly suitable for routine applications requiring a high sample throughput. Aprogrammed temeperature vaporizing (PTV) injection method was also optimized and validated in order to improve the detection limits for the GC-MS analysis of PAHs. The evaluation of the quality of different water systems in Lebanon including rainwater,groundwater, drinking water and surface water was accomplished in this study
Capdeville, Marion-Justine. „Études des cycles biogéochimiques des contaminants organiques dits « émergents » dans les systèmes aquatiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14304.
Pharmaceutical substances belong to the group of emerging contaminants due to their recent interest in environmental studies in comparison with pollutants who have been studied for a longer time like pesticides. They correspond to the active ingredient of drugs and by this mean are responsible for their pharmacological properties. Consequently they are biologically active molecules that can act on living organisms present in impacted ecosystems. The origin of pharmaceuticals in the environment is variable but the main sources are related to their use in human and veterinary medicine. Once consumed, pharmaceutical substances are excreted in urine or feces and are found in wastewater (human consumption) or animal manure (veterinary consumption). In the first case, they can be discharged directly in the environment, or indirectly, with treated wastewater or sludge from sewage treatment plants (SWTP). In the second case, they directly reach the environment when animals are bred on grassland or indirectly when livestock wastes are spread on agricultural soils as fertilizer. This PhD work has been focused on the study of the origin and fate of pharmaceutical substances in these 2 cases. Thus according to consumption data, occurrence in the environment reported in previous studies, toxicity and ecotoxicity data, originality and availability of reference standard compounds, 32 then 78 molecules belonging to 5 different therapeutic classes (antibiotics, antineoplastics, beta-blockers, anti-HIV, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE 5 inhibitors)) were studied in 2 continuums : i) hospital wastewater effluents – raw and treated wastewater – surface water, and ii) raw and treated wastewater – surface water – ground water. Based on the same selection criteria, the fate of 7 antibiotics was studied in pig manure in simple manure storage facilities (storage tank), in aerobic manure treatment facilities (treatment system like in small SWTP) and in mesocosms under controlled conditions. In order to achieve all these studies, analytical protocols implementing an extraction step by SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) or an ASE extraction (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) followed by a SPE purification and an analytical step by LC / MS / MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) have been developed. These protocols, by filling out quality criteria such as limits of detection and quantification compatible with environmental analysis (ng/l to dozen of ng/l), good linearity, precision, accuracy and performance, were used to analyze the dissolved phase of water samples and dissolved and solid phases of pig manure samples. The water samples analysis shows : i) beta-blockers, anti-HIV and antibiotic belonging to the families of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides are the most representative molecules of the environmental contamination from the classes studied; ii) SWTP releases are a major source of aquatic systems’ contamination; iii) wastewaters are more contaminated in winter than in summer; and iv) surface water are more contaminated in summer than in winter. The pig manure samples analysis shows : i) the levels of contamination of manure by antibiotics are high, from a few µg/l to mg/l; ii) the manure level of contamination is not related to the physiological stage of pigs; iii) the interest to store manure before spreading in order to reduce the antibiotics contamination is not highlighted; iv) oxytetracycline, tetracycline, tylosin and marbofloxacin are mainly present in the solid phase whereas sulfadiazine, lincomycin and monensin are mainly present in the liquid phase of manure; v) the separation of solid and liquid phases reduce manure contamination in aerobic treatment facilities; and vi) antibiotics degradation is mainly aerobic.Key words:
Lannoy, Anthony. „Contribution des cyclodextrines au développement de systèmes photocatalytiques à base de TiO2 : applications à la dégradation de polluants organiques dans l'eau“. Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0408.
Photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation process (AOPs) to efficiently removing non biodegradable pollutants from atmosphere. Among photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) remains certainly one of the most attractive materials because it is relatively inexpensive, nontoxic and photochemically stable. However, several factors such as wavelength of irradiation, the crystal phase composition, the surface area and the adsorption properties of the catalyst are likely to affect the hotocatalytic efficiency. The design of semiconductor metal oxide nanoparticles with tunable pore size and morphology andcontrollable composition is so important to create an efficient remediation process. To improve the photoactivity of the semi-conductor, several approaches have already been reported such as the combination of metallic or organic material to titanium dioxide. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are natural cyclic oligosaccharides derived from starch that can include in their hydrophobic cavity many organic compounds by host-guest interaction and thus increase the solubility of the guest. Taking advantage of their inclusion capacity, CDs can play a major role in catalytic processes. Numerous works involving the combined use of cyclodextrins and titanium dioxide have been reported but depending on the structure of the reactants and the reaction conditions, the CD may or may not improve the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and it seems difficult to predict the effect of CDs on a photocatalytic process. To further understand the interactions between CD and TiO2 and to improve the performance of a photocatalytic remediation process, we studied the effect of different CDs on the properties of commercial or synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticules. The performances of our catalysts were evaluated on thephotodegradation of two pollutants in aqueous phase: the toluene (VOC) and the phenoxyacetic acid (herbicide). This work has been divided into 3 parts: first we evaluated the impact of different CDs on the photocatalytic degradation of toluene in aqueous phase by a commercial titanium dioxide (P25). Then in a second part we investigated a template-directed colloidal self-assembly strategy for the production, in aqueous phase, of nanostructured TiO2 materials with tunable porosity and crystalline framework. The approach employs the supramolecular assemblies formed between a methylated β-cyclodextrin and the block copolymer P123 as soft templates and TiO2 nanocrystals as building blocks. Finally, we have investigated the possibility of using the cyclodextrin alone as soft templates for the preparation of a series of mesoporous titania materials with tunable properties The results show that a modified cyclodextrin can modulate the textural and structural parameters of TiO2 in order to maximize the degradation of phenoxyacetic acid in aqueous phase under near visible radiation. The incorporation of gold in our synthesis method has even increased the photocatalytic activity of our semi-conductor compared to the commercial P25 for an irradiation of 420 nm
Li, Zhi. „Devenir des résidus de médicaments dans les sols, biodégradation-sorption : discussion dans un contexte de réutilisation des eaux usées“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13523/document.
Wastewater irrigation represents great interest in arid and semi-arid regions where water demand is important. However, wastewater irrigation results in, for example, soil contamination by emerging organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Transport and transformation mechanisms of these substances are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to study the processes of biodegradation and sorption of pharmaceutical products in laboratory experiments, with a special reflection in the context of wastewater irrigation. Firstly, we exploited the chiral signature of the antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN) and its major human metabolite O-desmethyl venlafaxine (ODV) in order to discriminate the biological processes from other processes. Laboratory experiment showed a correlation between the biodegradation rate and the change in enantiomer fraction. The VEN was then monitored at the outlet of a WWTP and in the river receiving the discharge. A change in enantiomer fraction showed the interest for a better development of this application to investigate in situ biodegradation. Secondly, the sorption of cationic molecules VEN and ODV, as well as the neutral molecules antiepileptic carbamazepine and its human metabolite trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, was studied in batch and soil column leaching experiments. The pH and ionic strength conditions in batch experiment influenced the sorption of VEN and ODV, while there was little impact for neutral compounds. The cationic exchange should play an important role in the sorption process of cationic molecules. Leaching study showed that neutral compounds are much more mobile than cationic compounds; therefore they may contaminate groundwater in the case of wastewater irrigation
Capdeville, Marion-Justine. „Études des cycles biogéochimiques des contaminants organiques dits « émergents » dans les systèmes aquatiques“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14304/document.
Pharmaceutical substances belong to the group of emerging contaminants due to their recent interest in environmental studies in comparison with pollutants who have been studied for a longer time like pesticides. They correspond to the active ingredient of drugs and by this mean are responsible for their pharmacological properties. Consequently they are biologically active molecules that can act on living organisms present in impacted ecosystems. The origin of pharmaceuticals in the environment is variable but the main sources are related to their use in human and veterinary medicine. Once consumed, pharmaceutical substances are excreted in urine or feces and are found in wastewater (human consumption) or animal manure (veterinary consumption). In the first case, they can be discharged directly in the environment, or indirectly, with treated wastewater or sludge from sewage treatment plants (SWTP). In the second case, they directly reach the environment when animals are bred on grassland or indirectly when livestock wastes are spread on agricultural soils as fertilizer. This PhD work has been focused on the study of the origin and fate of pharmaceutical substances in these 2 cases. Thus according to consumption data, occurrence in the environment reported in previous studies, toxicity and ecotoxicity data, originality and availability of reference standard compounds, 32 then 78 molecules belonging to 5 different therapeutic classes (antibiotics, antineoplastics, beta-blockers, anti-HIV, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE 5 inhibitors)) were studied in 2 continuums : i) hospital wastewater effluents – raw and treated wastewater – surface water, and ii) raw and treated wastewater – surface water – ground water. Based on the same selection criteria, the fate of 7 antibiotics was studied in pig manure in simple manure storage facilities (storage tank), in aerobic manure treatment facilities (treatment system like in small SWTP) and in mesocosms under controlled conditions. In order to achieve all these studies, analytical protocols implementing an extraction step by SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) or an ASE extraction (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) followed by a SPE purification and an analytical step by LC / MS / MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) have been developed. These protocols, by filling out quality criteria such as limits of detection and quantification compatible with environmental analysis (ng/l to dozen of ng/l), good linearity, precision, accuracy and performance, were used to analyze the dissolved phase of water samples and dissolved and solid phases of pig manure samples. The water samples analysis shows : i) beta-blockers, anti-HIV and antibiotic belonging to the families of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides are the most representative molecules of the environmental contamination from the classes studied; ii) SWTP releases are a major source of aquatic systems’ contamination; iii) wastewaters are more contaminated in winter than in summer; and iv) surface water are more contaminated in summer than in winter. The pig manure samples analysis shows : i) the levels of contamination of manure by antibiotics are high, from a few µg/l to mg/l; ii) the manure level of contamination is not related to the physiological stage of pigs; iii) the interest to store manure before spreading in order to reduce the antibiotics contamination is not highlighted; iv) oxytetracycline, tetracycline, tylosin and marbofloxacin are mainly present in the solid phase whereas sulfadiazine, lincomycin and monensin are mainly present in the liquid phase of manure; v) the separation of solid and liquid phases reduce manure contamination in aerobic treatment facilities; and vi) antibiotics degradation is mainly aerobic.Key words:
Shokouhfar, Nasrin. „Synthèse et caractérisation de nouvelles armatures métal-organique à base de zirconium à partir de ligands carboxylates et étude de leur application dans l'adsorption et la détection des pollutions de l'eau et la capture et la conversion du CO2 et N2“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN058.
This thesis investigates the synthesis and characterization of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their applications in water treatment and solar fuel production. MOFs are porous materials composed of metal ions and organic linkers that exhibit tuneable structures and functionalities. These properties make them suitable for various applications, such as gas storage, catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, etc.Water treatment is the process of removing contaminants from water to make it safe and clean for human use. One of the main contaminants in water are dyes, which are widely used in the textile, paper, and leather industries. Dye pollution can cause serious problems for aquatic life, human health, and aesthetic quality of water. To remove dyes from water, we synthesized a new Zr-MOF called TMU-66, which has a hollow sphere shape and an N-oxide functional group. TMU-66 can efficiently and selectively adsorb dye molecules through various interactions, such as electrostatic attraction, π-π stacking, and coordination bonding. TMU-66 exhibited and adsorption capacity of 472 mg/g for Congo red dye at pH 6.8 and 25 °C, one of the highest values achieved for MOF-based adsorbents so far.Solar fuel production is the process of converting solar energy into chemical fuels that can be stored and used later. One of the most promising fuels is ammonia (NH3), which can be produced from nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O) using sunlight as the energy source. This process is called N2 photoreduction or photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. However, this process is challenging because N2 is very stable and difficult to break apart. We modified another Zr-MOF called MOF-808 by adding a nitro group to its linker. The modified framework is able to absorb visible light and transfer electrons to N2 molecules. We also combined MOF-808/NIP with another material called g-C3N4, which can enhance light absorption and electron transfer. The resulting composite, MOF-808/NIP@g-C3N4, can produce up to 490 μmol ammonia per gram of composite per hour under visible light and ambient conditions.In summary, the objectives of this thesis work were to investigate the potential of MOFs for two distinct applications, utilizing a conceptual design approach that incorporated bandgap engineering, structure modulation, and heterojunction composite materials. The findings revealed that MOFs can absorb water impurities and function as photocatalysts to achieve ammonia production through solar-powered N2 photoreduction. This breakthrough has the potential to foster the creation of more effective and environmentally conscious technologies that tackle worldwide water pollution and ammonia production issues. These technologies are crucial in safeguarding our planet and guaranteeing a stable future
Hamdi, Olfa. „Digestion anaérobie d'effluents d'une conserverie de thon tunisienne : aspects biotechnologiques et microbiologiques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4711.
For this purpose, two ASBR reactors R1 and R2 were tested. They were fed daily with the industrial effluents at HRT of 13 days and 20 days, respectively. The results obtained during the anaerobic treatment showed a degradation rate of the organic matter of 53% for R2 against 35% for R1. In order to better understand this process, we explored the microbial communities of ecological importance involved in the degradation of organic matter in the effluent to be treated. This was accomplished by initiating molecular approaches. Using the DGGE technique and 454 pyrosequencing, we showed that representatives of the domain Bacteria were the most dominant in both reactors as compared to Archaea with a greater diversity observed in R2 reactor. Bacteria sequences were affiliated to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes, known to be involved in the hydrolysis and fermentation of organic matter. A particular mention is given to members of the phylum Synergistetes which were also detected by pyrosequencing 454. In both reactors, this phylum was represented by two families, the "Dethiosulfovibrionaceae" and that of "Aminiphilaceae" which are recognized as significant amino acids degraders. Finally, the cultivation approach allowed us to isolate several mesophilic heterotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Among them, a new sulfate-reducing species belonging to the family Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfocurvus thunnarius, and A thunnarium