Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „East Indian Australians“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "East Indian Australians"
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Neves, Walter A., Joseph F. Powell, Andre Prous, Erik G. Ozolins und Max Blum. „Lapa vermelha IV Hominid 1: morphological affinities of the earliest known American“. Genetics and Molecular Biology 22, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1999): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47571999000400001.
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Several studies concerning the extra-continental morphological affinities of Paleo-Indian skeletons, carried out independently in South and North America, have indicated that the Americas were first occupied by non-Mongoloids that made their way to the New World through the Bering Strait in ancient times. The first South Americans show a clear resemblance to modern South Pacific and African populations, while the first North Americans seem to be at an unresolved morphological position between modern South Pacific and Europeans. In none of these analyses the first Americans show any resemblance to either northeast Asians or modern native Americans. So far, these studies have included affirmed and putative early skeletons thought to date between 8,000 and 10,000 years B.P. In this work the extra-continental morphological affinities of a Paleo-Indian skeleton well dated between 11,000 and 11,500 years B.P. (Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1, or "Luzia") is investigated, using as comparative samples Howells' (1989) world-wide modern series and Habgood's (1985) Old World Late Pleistocene fossil hominids. The comparison between Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1 and Howells' series was based on canonical variate analysis, including 45 size-corrected craniometric variables, while the comparison with fossil hominids was based on principal component analysis, including 16 size-corrected variables. In the first case, Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1 exhibited an undisputed morphological affinity firstly with Africans and secondly with South Pacific populations. In the second comparison, the earliest known American skeleton had its closest similarities with early Australians, Zhoukoudian Upper Cave 103, and Taforalt 18. The results obtained clearly confirm the idea that the Americas were first colonized by a generalized Homo sapiens population which inhabited East Asia in the Late Pleistocene, before the definition of the classic Mongoloid morphology.
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Li, Chen, und Shuanglin Li. „Interannual Seesaw between the Somali and the Australian Cross-Equatorial Flows and its Connection to the East Asian Summer Monsoon“. Journal of Climate 27, Nr. 11 (29.05.2014): 3966–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00288.1.
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Abstract The correlations among the summer, low-level, cross-equatorial flows (CEFs) over the Indian–west Pacific Ocean region on the interannual time scale are investigated by using both the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) datasets. A significant negative correlation (seesaw) has been illustrated between the Somali CEF and the three CEFs north of Australia (the South China Sea, Celebes Sea, and New Guinea; they are referred to in combination as the Australian CEF). A seesaw index is thus defined with a higher (lower) value representing an intensified (weakened) Somali CEF but a weakened (intensified) Australian CEF. The connection of the seesaw with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is then investigated. The results suggest that an enhanced seesaw corresponds to an intensified EASM with more rainfall in north China, the Yellow River valley, and the upper reach of the Yangtze River. The seesaw reflects the opposite covariability between the two atmospheric action centers in the Southern Hemisphere, Mascarene subtropical high, and Australian subtropical high. Whether the seesaw–EASM connection is influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Indian Ocean SST dipole mode (IOD) is analyzed. The results remain unchanged when the ENSO- or IOD-related signals are excluded, although ENSO exerts a significant influence. This implies an additional predictability for the EASM from the CEF seesaw.
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Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Alexander Sen Gupta, Andréa S. Taschetto und Matthew H. England. „Modulation of Australian Precipitation by Meridional Gradients in East Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature“. Journal of Climate 22, Nr. 21 (01.11.2009): 5597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3021.1.
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Abstract This study explores the impact of meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradients across the eastern Indian Ocean on interannual variations in Australian precipitation. Atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments are conducted in which the sign and magnitude of eastern Indian Ocean SST gradients are perturbed. This results in significant rainfall changes for western and southeastern Australia. A reduction (increase) in the meridional SST gradient drives a corresponding response in the atmospheric thickness gradients and results in anomalous dry (wet) conditions over Australia. During simulated wet years, this seems to be due to westerly anomalies in the thermal wind over Australia and anomalous onshore moisture advection, with a suggestion that the opposite occurs during dry conditions. Thus, an asymmetry is seen in the magnitude of the forced circulation and precipitation response between the dry and wet simulations. To assess the relative contribution of the SST anomalies making up the meridional gradient, the SST pattern is decomposed into its constituent “poles,” that is, the eastern tropical pole off the northwest shelf of Australia versus the southern pole in the central subtropical Indian Ocean. Overall, the simulated Australian rainfall response is linear with regard to the sign and magnitude of the eastern Indian Ocean SST gradient. The tropical eastern pole has a larger impact on the atmospheric circulation and Australian precipitation changes relative to the southern subtropical pole. However, there is clear evidence of the importance of the southern pole in enhancing the Australian rainfall response, when occurring in conjunction with but of opposite sign to the eastern tropical pole. The observed relationship between the meridional SST gradient in the eastern Indian Ocean and rainfall over western and southeastern Australia is also analyzed for the period 1970–2005. The observed relationship is found to be consistent with the AGCM results.
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Lelono, Eko Budi. „The Dispersal Route Of The Australian Elements Of Dacrydium And Casuarina From Its Origin To Se Asia“. Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 32, Nr. 3 (17.03.2022): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.32.3.846.
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This paper proposes the alternative migration route of the Australian elements of Dacrydium and Casuarina from their origin to Southeast Asia. It was previously thought that these Australian affinities dispersed to Sunda region following the collision of the Australian and the Asian plates at the Oligo- cene boundary (Morley, 1998 and 2000).The subsequent study by Lelono (2007) extended the record of these two taxa from the Oligo-Miocene boundary to the base Oligocene. This is unlikely, since at the time of basal Oligocene, when these pollen types first appear, the Australian land mass would have been some 1000 kms south of the East Java area. Therefore, this fact led Lelono (2007) to propose the earlier arrival of the Gondwanan fragment to this area in Early Oligocene. However, recent records of Dacrydium have been reported from the Early Eocene of the Ninety East Ridge (55 Ma) and the Indian subcontinent (50 Ma) (Morley, 2009). This implies to the alternative dispersal route of this pollen. It is possible that Dacrydium dispersed into SE Asia prior to the Early Oligocene via the Ninety East Ridge and the Indian plate, and subsequently its distribution across the Sunda region and Indochina was limited by palaeoclimate, explaining why it is present in some areas of the Sunda region, but not others. Mean while, a model to explain the dispersal of Casuarina remains unresolved, since migration via India is unlikely as there is no pollen record from the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, long distance dispersal may be a possibility for this pollen.
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Lelono, Eko Budi. „The Migration Pathway Of Some Selected Australian Palynomorphs From Their Origin To Se Asia“. Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 35, Nr. 2 (10.03.2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.35.2.777.
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This paper proposes the alternative dispersal route of Australian elements of Dacrydium and Casuarina from their origin to Southeast Asia. It was previously thought that these Australian affi nities migrated to Sunda region following the collision of the Australian and the Asian plates at the Oligo-Miocene boundary (Morley, 1998 and 2000). The subsequent study by Lelono (2007) extended the record of these two taxa from the Oligo-Miocene boundary to the base Oligocene. This is unlikely, since at the time of basal Oligocene, when these pollen types fi rst appear, the Australian land mass would have been some 1000 kms south of the East Java area. Therefore, this fact led Lelono (2007) to propose the earlier arrival of the Gondwanan fragment to this area in Early Oligocene. However, recent records of Dacrydium have been reported from the Early Eocene of the Ninety East Ridge (55 Ma) and the Indian subcontinent (50 Ma) (Morley, 2009). This implies to the alternative dispersal route of this pollen. It is possible that Dacrydium dispersed into SE Asia prior to the Early Oligocene via the Ninety East Ridge and the Indian plate, and subsequently its distribution across the Sunda region and Indochina was limited by palaeoclimate, explaining why it is present in some areas of the Sunda region, but not others. Mean while, a model to explain the dispersal of Casuarina remains unresolved, since migration via India is unlikely as there is no pollen record from the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, long distance dispersal may be a possibility for this pollen.
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Przygoda, Miroslaw. „The Role and Importance of Australia in the South Pacific Region“. International Journal of Operations Management 1, Nr. 3 (2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijom.2757-0509.2020.13.4005.
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Australia is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent and the island of Tasmania. The country also includes numerous smaller islands in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world by total area. It also has the world’s 12th-largest economy and fifth-highest per capita income. On 1 January 1901, a federation of six separate British self-governing states was formed after a decade of planning, consultation and voting. This established the Commonwealth of Australia as a dominion of the British Empire. In 1931 the status of the dominions was made equal to that of Great Britain, which is considered the symbolic date of Australia gaining full independence. Before World War II and in the course of it, the Commonwealth of Australia was closely tied to the government in London. However, the fall of the British Empire in the Asia Pacific made Australian authorities rethink their existence in the new reality. In the late 80s, Australia’s formal ties with London were further loosened, as planned. Since that time the role and significance of the continent has been growing. A vibrant economy and favourable location drive the country’s growing importance, which the government in Canberra strongly focuses on. Economic success and effective policies have made Australia become one of the crucial elements of sustainable balance in the South Pacific region. However, the country’s political and economic influence goes far beyond its borders. Australia’s importance to and influence on neighbouring countries is clearly visible across East and Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean basin, and the Antarctic. Therefore it is worth to take a closer look at the drivers of the huge success of this unique country and its inhabitants.
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Latif, Yasir, Neil Harrison und Hye-Eun Chu. „Interpreting the Cultural and Academic Experiences of PhD Students from the Indian Sub-Continent and the Chinese Regions in Australian Universities“. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, Nr. 19 (05.10.2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i19.15799.
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This study aims to identify factors that can improve the cultural and academic experiences of East Asian PhD students attending Australian universities. We focus on two key aspects of students’ academic performance in Australia: a sense of belonging and learning strategies applied by international students in Australian higher education. A systematic literature review is conducted to design a framework that can be applied to better understand the cultural and academic experiences of students from the two regions. The application of this framework highlights, how students from these regions are better equipped to succeed in research degrees in Australian universities when they know and understand the culturally appropriate learning strategies applied in the Australian higher education context and when they are supported to develop a new sense of belonging within the academic and wider culture. Paper concludes that a sense of belonging with Australian culture helps international to attain good cultural and academic experiences. In terms of learning strategies, a scientific learning strategy is more effective for East Asian PhD students from Chinese and the Indian sub-continent than participative learning strategies, adaptive learning strategies, and artistic learning strategies. This study suggests the Australian research supervisors must communicate East Asian PhD students to attain a sense of belonging with Australian academic culture and to follow the scientific learning strategy. Future East Asian PhD students should understand the Australian academic culture to avoid cultural shock during PhD candidature. Future researchers should verify the theoretically designed through qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method research design.
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Zhong, Aihong, Harry H. Hendon und Oscar Alves. „Indian Ocean Variability and Its Association with ENSO in a Global Coupled Model“. Journal of Climate 18, Nr. 17 (01.09.2005): 3634–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3493.1.
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Abstract The evolution of the Indian Ocean during El Niño–Southern Oscillation is investigated in a 100-yr integration of an Australian Bureau of Meteorology coupled seasonal forecast model. During El Niño, easterly anomalies are induced across the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. These act to suppress the equatorial thermocline to the west and elevate it to the east and initially cool (warm) the sea surface temperature (SST) in the east (west). Subsequently, the entire Indian Ocean basin warms, mainly in response to the reduced latent heat flux and enhanced shortwave radiation that is associated with suppressed rainfall. This evolution can be partially explained by the excitation of an intrinsic coupled mode that involves a feedback between anomalous equatorial easterlies and zonal gradients in SST and rainfall. This positive feedback develops in the boreal summer and autumn seasons when the mean thermocline is shallow in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean in response to trade southeasterlies. This positive feedback diminishes once the climatological surface winds become westerly at the onset of the Australian summer monsoon. ENSO is the leading mechanism that excites this coupled mode, but not all ENSO events are efficient at exciting it. During the typical El Niño (La Niña) event, easterly (westerly) anomalies are not induced until after boreal autumn, which is too late in the annual cycle to instigate strong dynamical coupling. Only those ENSO events that develop early (i.e., before boreal summer) instigate a strong coupled response in the Indian Ocean. The coupled mode can also be initiated in early boreal summer by an equatorward shift of the subtropical ridge in the southern Indian Ocean, which stems from uncoupled extratropical variability.
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Wu, Renguang. „Possible Role of the Indian Ocean in the In-Phase Transition of the Indian-to-Australian Summer Monsoon“. Journal of Climate 21, Nr. 21 (01.11.2008): 5727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2354.1.
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Abstract Analysis of observations shows that in-phase transitions from the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) to the Australian summer monsoon (ASM) have occurred both in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and non-ENSO years. The present study investigates possible roles of the Indian Ocean in the in-phase ISM-to-ASM transitions. It is shown that an anomalous ISM leads to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean through wind–evaporation effects. The resultant Indian Ocean SST anomalies induce an anomalous ASM of the same sign as the ISM through an anomalous east–west circulation over the eastern Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent–northern Australia. The results indicate that the in-phase ISM-to-ASM transitions in non-ENSO years can be accomplished through monsoon–Indian Ocean interactions. The results of observational analysis are confirmed with numerical model experiments.
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van Rensch, Peter, und Wenju Cai. „Indo-Pacific–Induced Wave Trains during Austral Autumn and Their Effect on Australian Rainfall“. Journal of Climate 27, Nr. 9 (23.04.2014): 3208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00611.1.
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Abstract During austral winter and spring, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), individually or in combination, induce equivalent-barotropic Rossby wave trains, affecting midlatitude Australian rainfall. In autumn, ENSO is at its annual minimum, and the IOD has usually not developed. However, there is still a strong equivalent-barotropic Rossby wave train associated with tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability, with a pressure anomaly to the south of Australia. This wave train is similar in position, but opposite in sign, to the IOD-induced wave train in winter and spring and has little effect on Australian rainfall. This study shows that the SST in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) displays a high variance during austral autumn, with a strong influence on southeast and eastern Australian rainfall. However, this influence is slightly weaker than that associated with SST to the north of Australia, which shares fluctuations with SST in the SETIO region. The SST north of Australia is coherent with a convective dipole in the tropical Pacific Ocean, which is the source of a wave train to the east of Australia influencing rainfall in eastern Australia. ENSO Modoki is a contributor to the convective dipole and as a result it exerts a weak influence on eastern Australian rainfall through the connecting north Australian SST relationship. Thus, SST to the north of Australia acts as the main agent for delivering the impact of tropical Indo-Pacific variability to eastern Australia.
Dissertationen zum Thema "East Indian Australians"
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Murugaian, M. „A study of cultural assimilation and cultural maintenance among tertiary students of Indian origin in South Australia /“. Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EDM/09edmm984.pdf.
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Voigt-Graf, Carmen 1970. „The construction of transnational spaces : travelling between India, Fiji and Australia / Carmen Voigt-Graf“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27931.
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This thesis examines the comparatively recent concept of transnationalism by undertaking an empirical study in a context that has so far not been systematically studied in this way. The transnationalism concept was pioneered in the early 19905 by scholars in the United States. The argument is that migrants and their kin construct transnational spaces which permeate various spheres of their daily life. Studies that fail to take these transnational spaces into
consideration, risk overlooking important aspects of the migrant adaptation process and the lives of migrants and their kin. This study underlines the importance of applying a transnational perspective to migration and migrant adaptation. While being credited with adding valuable new perspectives and insights, transnationalism scholars have overlooked
continuities with earlier migration concepts.
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Van, Duivenvoorde Wendy. „The Batavia shipwreck“. [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2872.
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Athique, Adrian Mabbott. „Non-resident cinema transnational audiences for Indian films /“. Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060511.140513/index.html.
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Rozeboom, Judith. „Merdeka Down Under? Indonesian Civilians and Military Personnel in Australia (1942–1949)“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29853.
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This thesis examines the lives and treatment of the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) people who resided in Australia during WWII and their return to their home country after the war. It compares the lives before, during and after the war of European Indonesians and indigenous Indonesians. It assesses their lives to that of other newcomers to Australia. My research connects underused Dutch archival material, only recently released to researchers, with sources in Australian archives to provide a fresh insight into the history of indigenous Indonesians in the Commonwealth from the start of the Pacific War to the official Indonesian independence in December 1949.
The work can be divided into three main parts. The first part examines the histories of the KNIL, Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger (Royal Dutch East Indies Army) and the KPM, Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij (Royal Dutch Shipping Company or Royal Packet Navigation Company) before the outbreak of the Second World War and the transition of both organisations into wartime conditions. With a component of transnational history, this military history focuses on the Indies army’s composition and development mainly in the pre-war period, continuing with the conversion into a refugee army on Australian soil.
The second part recreates the KNIL, KPM and Indonesian civilian histories in Australia until the war’s ending. A critical focus in this part of the thesis is on the legal aspects of the stay of all different groups from the NEI in their temporary homeland: the registration of aliens, the other status of newcomers to Australia, and the exact legal status of the NEI military, semi-military personnel, and civilians in the Commonwealth. I focus on the legal positions of KPM seamen and negotiated special rights, extra-territorial rights, for the KNIL.
The third and final part closely examines the post-war period in which many indigenous Indonesians ended up behind barbwire and the negotiations between the Australians and the NEI ‘Government-in-Exile’, as well as the military high command. The internment camps on Australian soil were occupied by the Netherlands East Indies’ people after WWII. I analyse why these NEI soldiers, semi-military personnel and even a few civilians were locked up in camps and not repatriated back to their towns and villages in the Indies. The research emphasises how the Indonesians returned to their home country, when and how they could leave the Commonwealth, and how they were received and perceived by their fellow countrymen and women.
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Nelson, Jeffrey C. „ABDACOM: America’s first coalition experience in World War II“. Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13618.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of History
David A. Graff
On December 7, 1941 the Japanese Empire launched a surprise attack on the United States at the Pearl Harbor naval base in the territory of Hawaii. The following day President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared war on Japan, and America was suddenly an active participant in a global war that had already been underway for over five years. World War II pitted the Axis (Japan, Germany, and Italy) against a coalition of allied nations that were united primarily by fear of Axis totalitarianism. Typically referred to as the Allies, the alliance’s most powerful participants included the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain. However, many other nations were involved on the Allied side. Smaller European countries such as Holland, Belgium, and Poland fought with armed forces and governments in exile located in London after their homelands had been overrun by the Germans in 1939 and 1940. China had been at war with Japan since 1937. After the United States entered the war, allied action resulted in the creation of different, localized military coalitions between 1941 and 1945. These coalitions presented Allied leaders with unique problems created by the political, geographic, military and logistical issues of fighting war on a global scale. The earliest coalition in which the United States was involved was known by the acronym ABDACOM, short for the American, British, Dutch, Australian Command. ABDACOM’s mission was the defense of the Malay Barrier, which stretched from the Malay Peninsula through the Dutch East Indies to New Guinea, and the protection of the Southwest Pacific Area from Japanese invasion. In its brief two-month existence the ADBA coalition in the Southwest Pacific Area failed to prevent the Japanese from taking the Malay Barrier, Singapore, Burma and the islands between Java and the Philippines. This was due not to one overriding problem, but to a combination of planning, command, and logistical problems, compounded by the distance of Allied production and training centers from the front lines. These problems can be traced from the late 1930s to the dissolution of ABDACOM at the end of February 1942. Historians have often overlooked the underlying causes of the United States’ first foray into coalition warfare in World War II. To better understand why the Allied forces succumbed to the Japanese onslaught so quickly, one must look at political, military and economic relations between the United States and its allies prior to the onset of hostilities in 1941. Domestic political realities combined with international diplomatic differences kept the United States from openly preparing for coalition action until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The ensuing military coalition suffered from numerous deficiencies in command structure and logistics. Though pre-war planning existed within each of the Allied governments, the lack of cooperative action gave the Japanese military an insurmountable military advantage over the members of the ABDA coalition. Given the limited scope of this paper the focus will be on American participation in ABDACOM. The other countries involved will be included insomuch as they help to fill out the story of the United States and its first coalition effort in World War II. The story of the ABDACOM coalition is one of perseverance, creative planning, and deep stoicism in the face of overwhelming odds. The short life of the coalition gave planners in Washington, D.C. and London time to sort out potential conflicts between the Allies.
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Banks, Aaron M. „The seasonal movements and dynamics of migrating humpback whales off the east coast of Africa“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4109.
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Data collected during boat-based and aerial surveys were used to describe population structure, movements, temporal patterns of migration and skin condition of humpback whales in breeding sub-stock C1-S off southern Africa. Results confirmed that the migration route along the south coast of South Africa is linked to the winter ground off Mozambique. A lack of exchange between breeding sub-stocks C1-N and C1-S was found, suggesting that these are independent of each other. Molecular analysis revealed unexpected levels of population structure between the migration route and the winter ground of C1-S, as well as the possibility that this migration route is also utilised by some individuals from breeding sub-stock C3. A skin condition of unknown aetiology that primarily affects humpback whale mother-calf pairs was identified. The first assessment of its prevalence and severity was made, providing a baseline for future monitoring. Humpback whale abundance in an inshore region of Bazaruto Archipelago, Mozambique was estimated and attempts were also made to use the limited information off Plettenberg Bay/Knysna, South Africa. In addition to improving our understanding of humpback whales from Breeding Stock C, knowledge about another baleen whale species utilising the southwest Indian Ocean was extended. The first evidence of southern right whale presence off the coast of Mozambique since the cessation of whaling was documented. It remains unknown whether this is a remnant sub-stock or the recovering South African sub-stock reoccupying its historical range.
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ROY, HAIMANTI. „CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POST PARTITION BENGAL, 1947-65“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147886544.
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Helson, Peter History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. „The forgotten Air Force : the establishment and employment of Australian air power in the North-Western area, 1941-1945“. Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38719.
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The air campaign conducted by the RAAF in the North-Western Area during the Second World War has been largely ignored by historians yet it contributed significantly to the outcome of the Pacific war. This thesis sets out to discuss the campaign by considering various factors that impacted on the RAAF in the lead up to and during the course of the Pacific war and their relevance to the campaign. It looks at the way air operations were conducted in the North-Western Area between 1942 and 1945 and describes the role played by the flying squadrons based in the area. Using primary sources such as operational record books, documents and files at archives and libraries and interviews with veterans and experts the thesis found that the campaign was conducted in several phases. It started with the defence of Darwin. In keeping with overall allied strategy the RAAF then went on an offensive into what was then the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) using medium and heavy bombers and mine laying sea planes flying from bases in Australia???s north west. The NEI was vital to the Japanese war effort as a source of essential raw materials such as oil, timber, and rubber. To defend this part of their new empire the Japanese had amassed large military garrisons on the islands. The vessels used to transport troops and materials became the most important targets for the RAAF???s bomber squadrons. As General MacArthur???s forces advanced along the north coast of New Guinea the North-Western Area based units conducted raids into the NEI to deceive the Japanese into thinking an invasion would be launched from Darwin. As the New Guinea campaign gained momentum the RAAF???s task was to protect its western flank, to prevent the Japanese from moving troops and aircraft east to the Philippines. The thesis concludes the campaign was successful because Darwin was defended, it denied the Japanese vital materials for the conduct of the war and it kept hundreds of aircraft and tens of thousands of troops away from the allied advance.
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Gowan, Sunaina. „The shifting identity of the professional workforce in Australian organisations : the Indian immigrant experience“. Thesis, 2014. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:31406.
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To a large extent research on diversity in organisations has centred on the persistence of gender inequality. Relatively few studies deal with the racialised character of many professional workplaces, especially in the Australian context. This research critically examines the experiences of perceived discrimination, exclusion after inclusion, and prejudice faced by immigrant Indian professionals in Australian organisations. It focuses on the challenges of emotional labour as it can be difficult to conceal true emotions and to display the emotions required by the job. Embroiled in this conflict between the required and true emotions, job burnout and stress may occur. The present research examines the adjustments and struggles faced by immigrant Indian professionals and whether these factors also play a role in their integration within organisations. The principle research question which drives this research is: Are immigrant Indian professionals vulnerable to prejudice and discrimination as well as exclusion after inclusion in Australian organisations and does prejudice and discrimination as well as exclusion after inclusion have an impact on emotional labour? In particular my research goal is to analyse the perceived experiences, if any, of inclusionary and exclusionary organisational practices and how they impact the emotional labour of immigrant Indian professionals. Discrimination and exclusion is difficult to measure and, as such, researchers rely on respondents’ perceptions. Although there may be a difficulty in assessing whether perceptions of discrimination are representative of actual discriminatory actions, whether the perceived discrimination is ‘real’ or not, it is an important psychological reality for immigrants. Perceived discrimination has strongly and consistently been found to be a psychological stressor (Mirchandani 2003). Drawing on a qualitative approach I have used in-depth interviews to reveal the stories and experiences of immigrant Indian professionals to Australia. A major element driving my choice of research design is the assumption that many of the exclusionary practices which may take place are informal and may include a collection of interpersonal dynamics and institutional practices that set up advantages for some employees but disadvantages for others. I have sought to gather data that is often veiled and hidden, intentionally or otherwise. I have attempted to explore whether stereotyping of and exclusionary practices toward immigrant Indian professionals persist in Australian organisations outside the framework of formal policies and regulation. This thesis does not examine policies of organisations per se, but focuses on the experiences of immigrant Indian professionals and their perceptions of practices that may persist regardless of policy. The findings indicated that, due to tougher legislation against discrimination in the workplace, it now exists in subtle forms in Australian organisations. This includes ridicule, withholding information, social isolation, passing remarks and making unfair accusations, each causing the ethnic minorities a lot of stress. The data indicates that the interviewees perceive that there is a devaluation of their skills, knowledge and qualifications, at a time when the country is in competition with other migration nations for scarce and in-demand human capital. With the increasing diversity in the work environment, Australian organisations need to make proper adjustments regarding worker’s interests and needs, and to make sure the work environment is equitable and inclusive. This study will allow better recognition and understanding of the dynamics of the Indian Diaspora in Australia and the dynamics of their inclusion in Australian organisations. The Australian workplace continues to become more ethnically diverse at all levels of occupation, with people from ethnic backgrounds making up considerable additions to the workforce. However, the examination of exclusionary or discriminatory practices and the relationship between work stress, acculturation and its impact on emotional labour has not been well researched. Many of the reports of discriminatory practices towards Indians or stigmatisation on the basis of accent, skin tone or national origin are anecdotal in nature and this study, especially by conducting interviews with immigrant Indian professionals, seeks to better comprehend and elucidate such practices as perceived by these professionals, and their impacts on Indian professionals in Australia. This will provide organisations with information to improve the alignment between organisational discourse and organisational practice. It is expected that the findings generated by this study will encourage and promote greater awareness and understanding so that the immigrant Indian professionals may be better understood and served.
Bücher zum Thema "East Indian Australians"
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Gonsalves, Roanna. The permanent resident. Crawley, W.A: UWA Publishing, 2016.
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1941-, Bennett Bruce, Hrsg. Of sadhus and spinners: Australian encounters with India. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers India, a joint venture with The India Today Group, 2009.
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Padmanabhan, Meeta Chatterjee. Of Indian origin: Writings from Australia. Hyderabad, Telangana, India: Orient BlackSwan, 2018.
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India, Export-Import Bank of, Hrsg. Australia and New Zealand: A study of India's trade and investment potential. Mumbai: Quest Publications, 2001.
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1948-, Rickard Suzanne, Steven Margaret, Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales und Museum of Sydney on the Site of First Government House., Hrsg. India, China, Australia: Trade and society, 1788-1850. [Glebe, NSW]: Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales, 2003.
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Pengilley, Patricia. The tiger and the kangaroo went to sea: On becoming an Australian : autobiographical. Blackburn, Vic: PenFolk Pub., 1999.
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Kanwar, Neelima. Narratives of estrangement and belonging: Indo-Australian perspectives. New Delhi [India]: Authorspress, 2016.
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Buttrose, Larry. A Long Way Home: A Memoir. New York, USA: Berkley, 2013.
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A, Monta Christine, Creydi Megan und Let's Go Inc, Hrsg. Let's Go Australia. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003.
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Michael, Meehan. The salt of broken tears. Milson Point, N.S.W: Random House Australia, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "East Indian Australians"
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Rozman, Gilbert. „Japan, the United States, Australia, India“. In Strategic Triangles Reshaping International Relations in East Asia, 114–24. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003296256-13.
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Liu, K., C. J. Pigram, L. Paterson und C. G. St C. Kendall. „Computer Simulation of a Cainozoic Carbonate Platform, Marion Plateau, North-East Australia“. In Reefs and Carbonate Platforms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, 145–61. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304879.ch8.
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Nachowitz, Todd. „Identity and Invisibility“. In Indians and the Antipodes, 26–61. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199483624.003.0002.
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Shipping logs reveal that the first Indians to set foot on New Zealand soil were two young lascars from Pondicherry who arrived on a French East India Company ship in 1769—the year that James Cook first visited the country. Indian arrival in New Zealand was, therefore, contemporaneous with first European contact, a fact never before recognized in the extant literature on nation-building. Since then hundreds of Indian sepoys and lascars accompanied British East India Company ships to New Zealand, many going through Australian ports seeking work with sealing expeditions and on timber voyages. In the early nineteenth century, some of the lascars began to jump ship, marry local Maori women and settled down in New Zealand. This chapter argues that Indians in New Zealand can claim a history that goes as far back as the earliest Maori–European (Pakeha) contact.
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„2. Emerging East Asian Regional Architecture: ASEAN Perspectives“. In ASEAN-India-Australia, 22–39. ISEAS Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789812309648-006.
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Lyovin, Anatole V. „Languages of Oceania“. In An Introduction to the Languages of the World, 245–308. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195081152.003.0006.
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Abstract Geographically speaking, Oceania includes Australia and the majority of the island territories lying in the central and southern Pacific and Indian oceans. Linguistically, this vast area stretches from Taiwan in the north, New Zealand in the south, Madagascar (off the coast of Africa) in the West, and Easter Island, or Rapa Nui (Chile), in the east. There are three different language groups recognized in the region: Austronesian, Australian, and Papuan languages. Only the first two of these are widely recognized to be language families; the last is a geographical grouping which is a catch-all category for all those languages in the region that do not belong to either the Austronesian or the Australian language families, since convincing proof has yet to be presented that they are all genetically related.
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McIntosh, Ian S. „Australia’s Kilwa Coins Conundrum“. In Early Maritime Cultures in East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean, 113–38. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1zcm2p4.9.
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„Regional competition: India and Australia“. In Britain and Regional Cooperation in South East Asia, 1945-49, 106–14. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203973530-15.
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Munro, J. Forbes. „The “Scrubby Scotch Screw Company”: British India Steam Navigation Co.'s Coastal Services in South Asia, 1862-1870“. In From Wheel House to Counting House, 43–72. Liverpool University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780969588511.003.0004.
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The 1860s were marked by a gradual spread of steamship lines in the Indian Ocean maritime region. On the long routes from Suez and Aden to India, Australia and the Far East, P&O, the “flagship” of British imperialism in the region,1 was joined from 1861 by its French counterpart, Messageries Imperiales, which in its steamship lines from Marseilles to Alexandria and from Suez to Singapore, Saigon, Hong Kong and Yokohama expressed the aspirations and elegance of Napoleon Ill's empire. The two firms politely manoeuvred for passenger traffic and the fine freights--silks, raw silk, opium, bullion and specie--which were the perfect accompaniment for mail and passenger liners....
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Zann, Richard A. „Systematics and phylogeny“. In The Zebra Finch, 1–14. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198540793.003.0001.
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Abstract Zebra Finches belong to the estrildine group of finches of which there are approximately 124 species found mainly in the tropical and subtropical parts of Africa, India, South-East Asia, Australia and Melanesia. Estrildines are the only granivorous group of passerines endemic to Australia and authorities recognise 18 species, of which the Zebra Finch is the most widespread and numerous.
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McCann, Gillian. „Emergent Representations of the East“. In Imagining the East, 181–204. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853884.003.0009.
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Using The Lamp, a publication of the Toronto Theosophical Society, as its primary example, this chapter examines the ways in which Theosophists advanced their cause both inside and outside the mainstream through their periodicals. The Theosophical journals functioned as platforms for cultural brokers between the East and West and included the exchange of a great number of topics related to the East, including ancient philosophy; sub-continental politics; and debates around cremation, karma, imperialism, and Indian immigration to countries such as Canada and Australia. The chapter demonstrates how the Theosophists in this way consciously participated in the creation of the occult counter-public sphere that helped to introduce new ideas into the mainstream. It was this oppositional sphere that was their key means for engaging with the public.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "East Indian Australians"
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Šmihula, Daniel. „Vojenské súperenie vo východnej Ázii“. In Národná a medzinárodná bezpečnosť. Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/nmb.c.2023.9788080406516.405-423.
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About 2020 the main center of the world economy shifted to the so-called Indo-Pacific region. At the same time, also the main center of military rivalry and armaments race moved there. A Russian aggression against Ukraine can not camouflage this principal fact. In East Asia, two major world powers are confronted with one another: the USA and China, as well as Russia, India, North Korea, and several new middle-sized powers: Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, etc. Australia is also strengthening its defence capacities. In recent decades, they all have significantly developed their military capabilities and the building up of navies illustrates this development in the best way. New forms of military alliances are also beginning to take shape. First of all, the democratic countries of the Indo-Pacific region: Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Australia are trying to form an alliance with the USA and NATO and engage them in the Pacific Ocean. The AUKUS is also a promising regional alliance. The QUAD did not meet original expectations. In a case of an interlinking of centres of tensions in Europe and Pacific the new power rivalry will become global.
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Brownlie, Keith, Christian Ernst und James Marks. „Notes of a Journeymen Architect“. In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1802.
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<p>This paper discusses the implications of travel for designs as well as their designers from the ‘foreign’ perspective of Bridge Architects working across international markets, using project examples from the USA, Canada, Europe, India, Australia and the Middle East.</p><p>The world is shrinking. Technology, knowledge exchange and globalization have all but dissolved professional borders across our 195 countries and 38 standard time zones. In all parts of the globe the rules of physics are identical and the typological range of bridges is equally limited everywhere. This coincidence of facts mean that the specific skills of bridge designers are highly transferable, but it does not follow that every market is the same. Regulations, standards, capabilities and expectations vary widely, which fundamentally alters what is possible in the field of forward-thinking infrastructure. A pragmatic and flexible approach is necessary in addressing the variances and vagaries of the international market. We cannot design in the same way in every place, and do not seek to impose a pre-conceived aesthetic or formal agenda to any project. As Architects we simply aim to achieve the very best results within the local constraints. As ‘foreign’ Architects (which we are almost without exception) we tread the thin line between international expertise and cultural mis- appropriation. In the age of transition between physical and virtual working methods, the international consultant can, and should, leave both their ego and their passports at home but pack a case full of cultural awareness and enough flexibility to account for the unexpected.</p>
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "East Indian Australians"
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Tian, Nan, Siemon T. Wezeman, Pieter D. Wezeman, Aude Fleurant und Alexandra Kuimova. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2018. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, März 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/sxak9616.
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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2014–18 was 7.8 per cent higher than in 2009–13 and 23 per cent higher than in 2004–2008. The five largest exporters in 2014–18 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and Algeria. The flow of arms to the Middle East increased by 87 per cent between 2009–13 and 2014–18, while there was a decrease in flows to all other regions. From 11 March 2019 the freely accessible SIPRI Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on arms transfers for 1950–2018. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet highlights global and regional trends and selected issues related to arms transfers.
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Wezeman, Pieter, Aude Fleurant, Alexandra Kuimova, Diego Lopes da Silva, Nan Tian und Siemon Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2019. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/yjyw4676.
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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2015–19 was 5.5 per cent higher than in 2010–14 and 20 per cent higher than in 2005–2009. The five largest exporters in 2015–19 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2010–14 and 2015–19, there were increases in arms transfers to the Middle East and to Europe, while there were decreases in the transfers to Africa, the Americas and Asia and Oceania. From 9 March 2020 the freely accessible SIPRI Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on arms transfers for 1950–2019. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports and highlights selected issues related to arms transfers.
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Wezeman, Pieter, Alexandra Kuimova und Siemon Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2020. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/mbxq1526.
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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2016–20 was 0.5 per cent lower than in 2011–15 and 12 per cent higher than in 2006–10. The five largest arms exporters in 2016–20 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest arms importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2011–15 and 2016–20 there were increases in arms transfers to the Middle East and to Europe, while there were decreases in the transfers to Africa, the Americas, and Asia and Oceania. From 15 March 2021 SIPRI’s open-access Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2020, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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Wezeman, Pieter D., Alexandra Kuimova und Siemon T. Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2021. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/cbzj9986.
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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2017–21 was 4.6 per cent lower than in 2012–16, but was 3.9 per cent higher than in 2007–11. The five largest arms exporters in 2017–21 were the United States, Russia, France, China and Germany. The five largest arms importers were India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2012–16 and 2017–21 there were increases in arms transfers to Europe (19 per cent) and to the Middle East (2.8 per cent), while there were decreases in the transfers to the Americas (–36 per cent), Africa (–34 per cent), and Asia and Oceania (–4.7 per cent). From 14 March 2022 SIPRI’s open-access Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2021, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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Wezeman, Pieter D., Justine Gadon und Siemon T. Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2022. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/cpns8443.
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Imports of major arms by European states rose by 47 per cent between 2013–17 and 2018–22, while the global volume of international arms transfers fell by 5.1 per cent. There were decreases in arms transfers to Africa (–40 per cent), the Americas (–21 per cent), Asia and Oceania (–7.5 per cent) and the Middle East (–8.8 per cent) between the two periods. The five largest arms importers in 2018–22 were India, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Australia and China. The five largest arms exporters were the United States, Russia, France, China and Germany. The war in Ukraine had only a limited impact on the total volume of arms transfers in 2018–22, but Ukraine did become a major importer of arms in 2022. In addition, most European states substantially increased their arms import orders and the war will have significant ramifications for future supplier–recipient arms trade relations globally. From 13 March 2023 the freely accessible SIPRI Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2022, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this fact sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.