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1
Bahali, D., M. Sanjappa und S. Rath. „Geographical distribution of Iridaceae in India“. Indian Journal of Forestry 27, Nr. 3 (01.09.2004): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2004-4hx573.
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India is represented by only 34 species and 5 varieties under 14 genera of Iridaceae. The wild and naturalised species are distributed in 5 phytogeographical regions, viz., Trans-Himalaya, West Himalaya, Eastern Himalaya, North East India and Western Ghats. The wild species are restricted to the Himalayas. The regionwise, taxonwise and altitudewise distribution of Indian Iridaceae is given in this paper.
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BAKALIN, VADIM, ANNA VILNET, WEN ZHANG MA und KSENIA KLIMOVA. „The differentiation and speciation of Scapania javanica and S. undulata complexes in the Eastern Sino-Himalayas and perimeters for Scapania Sect. Stephania (Scapaniaceae, Hepaticae)“. Phytotaxa 400, Nr. 3 (05.04.2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.400.3.2.
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Three taxa of Scapania with Sino-Himalayan and meta-Himalayan distribution are described as new to science: S. pseudojavanica from the southern portion of the eastern spur of the Tibetan Plateau in southern China and North Vietnam, S. metahimalayana with a disjunct distribution that ranges from Nepal (where its distribution is questionable) to North Vietnam, and S. sichuanica from high elevation in Sichuan in SW China. Each species is morphologically similar to taxa distributed in the more humid and warmer climates of East and South-East amphi-oceanic Asia. The differentiation is presumably the result of recent speciation in the Sino-Himalayas and adjacent lands and the observed differentiation and distribution patterns are in support of the geographic approach in splitting hepatic species. The initial differentiation of these Scapania in sect. Stephania was the specialization into two groups: with brown and colorless gemmae, both being predominantly unicellular.
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Zgorzelski, Marek. „Ladakh and Zanskar“. Miscellanea Geographica 12, Nr. 1 (01.12.2006): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2006-0002.
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Abstract The Himalayan mountain chain is orographically fragmented, both in the east-west and in the north-south directions. The latter area is characterised by a greater landscape diversity, owing to its zonality and the vertical zonation of both climate and vegetation. In terms of tectonics and orography, and taking into account the prevalent influence of the monsoon and continental climates, the Himalayan mountain system can be divided into two parts – the external arc (southern), that is the Higher (or Great) Himalayas and the internal arc (northern), that is the so-called Trans-Himalayas. Similarly to the external arc of the Himalayas, the post-glacial relief in the Trans-Himalayas is marginal only. It is an area with a prevalence of denudation (nival, frost, gravitation and eolian) processes. Slopes of tectonic valleys or basins, covered with colourful surface deposits rising as high as even two thirds of their altitude, dominate the landscape. The Zanskar ridges and the Ladakh range represent a transitional zone between the Trans-himalayas and Eastern Karakoram.
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SHAH, ZAHIDA, Tabasum Ali und Sabeeha Shafi. „Phytopharmacological review of Bunium persicum (Boiss)B. fedtsch.“ Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, Nr. 2 (15.03.2019): 458–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2509.
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Bunium persicum(BOISS)B.Fedtsch belonging to family Apiaceae is native to the region of the limited zones of the West Asia, Kherman and grows to the areas of North Khorasan and Kheraman, East of the Zagros range to Bandar Abbaas and south area of the Albroz range in Iran. It is also found in North western parts of Himalayas. Bunium persicum is found growing naturally in sub-alpine and alpine habitats of North Western Himalayas. It is a perennial herb, dwarf 30cm to tall 80cm and its flowers are small, white in color.
Keywords: Bunium persicum, Apiaceae, North-Western Himalayas, Perrenial Herb
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Taye, Ritu Ranjan, Ataur Rahman, Priyabrata Sen, Shimantini Borkataki und Manha Bathari. „Molecular Characterization of Bumble Bees Species from North East Himalayas“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 5 (10.05.2020): 2010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.227.
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Yoshida, Toshio, Rinchen Yangzom und David Long. „Dancing Butterflies of the East Himalayas“. Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, Nr. 14 (17.01.2017): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2016.193.
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The region from eastern Bhutan to Arunachal Pradesh of India and the adjacent south-eastern Tibet and northern Myanmar seems to be one of the last frontiers not only for Meconopsis hunting but also for other botanical exploration. Although there remain political difficulties for foreigners to approach the unsettled border between India and China, including the famous Tsari valley with its prominently rich flora, which was visited by Frank Ludlow, George Sherriff, Frank Kingdon-Ward and a few other plant hunters before 1950, some botanical and horticultural treasures in this region have gradually been revealed to recent travellers. As a result of examining the photographs taken by these travellers and our own botanical field research in eastern Bhutan in 2014, accompaniedby subsequent herbarium studies, two species new to science are described. The first, from eastern Bhutan and adjacent Arunachal Pradesh and Tibet, has long been cultivated under the names M. grandis or M. grandis GS600, and has recently been described as M. grandis subsp. orientalis (Grey-Wilson, 2010). It is the national flower of Bhutan. However, the type of M. grandis from Sikkim belongs to a species quite distinct from the eastern populations and the latter is now described as a new species, Meconopsis gakyidiana. The second novelty, Meconopsis merakensis,is newly described from eastern Bhutan and adjacent Arunachal Pradesh. In the past this species was confused with the closely allied M. prainiana. The two species are isolated geographically, M.prainiana being found only much further to the north-east, in south-eastern Tibet, including theTsari valley. The title of this article is based on a comparison made by Frank Kingdon-Ward of Meconopsis flowers with butterflies in Tibet (see below).
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Kumar, Susheel, und Nitin Sharma. „The seismicity of central and north-east Himalayan region“. Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 49, Nr. 3 (01.09.2019): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/congeo-2019-0014.
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Abstract The Himalayan range extends upto 2400 km arc from Indus river valley in the west to Brahmaputra river valley in the east of India. Due to distinct geological structures of Himalayan seismic belt, seismicity in Himalaya is inhomogeneous. The inhomogeneity in seismicity is responsible for a number of seismic gaps in the Himalayan seismic belt. Thus Iin the present study, we proposed the study of spatial and temporal evolution of seismicity in entire central and north-east Himalayan region by using Gutenberg-Richter relationship. A detailed study on the behavior of natural seismicity in and around the seismic gap regions is carried out. The study region is segmented in four meridional regions (A) 80°E to 83.5°E, (B) 83.5°E to 87.5°E, (C) 87.5°E to 90°E and (D) 90°E to 98°E along with a fixed latitude belt. The homogeneous catalogue with 3 ≤ Mb ≤ 6.5 is used for the spatial and temporal analysis of seismicity in terms of b-value. It is find out that pockets of lower b-values are coinciding over and around stress accumulated regions. The observed low b-value before occurrence of the Nepal earthquake of 25th April, 2015 supports the argument of impending occurrence of moderate to large magnitude earthquake in Sikkim and north-east Himalayan region in future.
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Pang, H., S. Hou, S. Kaspari und P. A. Mayewski. „Influence of regional precipitation patterns on stable isotopes in ice cores from the central Himalayas“. Cryosphere Discussions 7, Nr. 3 (02.05.2013): 1871–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-1871-2013.
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Abstract. Several ice cores have been recovered from the Dasuopu Glacier and the East Rongbuk (ER) Glacier in the central Himalayas since the 1990s. Although the distance between the ER and the Dasuopu ice core drilling sites is only ∼125 km, the stable isotopic record (δ18O or δD) of the ER core is interpreted as a precipitation proxy while the Dasuopu core as a temperature proxy. Thus, the climatological significance of the stable isotopic records of these Himalayan ice cores remains a subject of debate. Based on analysis of regional precipitation patterns over the region, we find that the different interpretations of the Dasuopu and Everest isotopic records may not be contradictive. The north–south and west–east seesaws of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) precipitation are primarily responsible for precipitation falling at the ER site, which results in a negative correlation between the ER δ18O or δD record and precipitation amount along the southern slope of the central Himalayas, corresponding to the "amount effect". In addition to the ISM precipitation, non-summer monsoonal precipitation associated with winter westerlies also significantly contributes to precipitation falling at the Dasuopu site, which may cause a positive correlation between the Dasuopu stable isotopic record and temperature, in response to the "temperature effect". Our results have important implications for interpreting the stable isotopic ice core records recovered from different climatological regimes of the Himalayas.
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singh, Devandra, und Dinesh Sharma. „New distribution record of the Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra, Geoffroy 1810) from North-Western Himalaya“. Journal of Tropical Life Science 13, Nr. 2 (25.05.2023): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.16.
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India has been stated to have 10% of the world's total bat's diversity. The present survey was aimed to study the bat species diversity, distribution and activity patterns in north-western Himalayan region of India. Field surveys were conducted and echolocation calls were recorded using bat detector, Echometer touch 2 in Shiwalik ranges of Himalaya. The Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) has a broad distribution range that stretches from south to south east Asia. In India the distribution of the species was mostly recorded from southern subtropical coastal regions and north-eastern subtropical moist evergreen forests. In the present study The Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) has been recorded for the first time from Garhwal region of north-western Himalayas. Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) having long forearm (>6.63 ± 0.03cm) and lengthy ear (>3.66 ± 0.08cm), which is a distinguishable feature of the family Megadermatidae. The peak frequency (FMaxE) of echolocation was recorded as 50.295 ± 9.18 kHz. This frequency was initiated at 108.20 ± 2.51 kHz and terminated at 30.76 ± 1.37 kHz. The call structure recorded was very distinguishable and specific to this family.
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Nikol’skii, Alexander, Elena Vanisova und Konstantin Belovezhets. „Sound signal of the Himalayan marmot in its insular range“. E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126501006.
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The range of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana Hodgson, 1841) has an insular character, as it is limited by ecological and geographical barriers: in the north, northeast and east, these are deserts and the Loess Plateau, in the west - mountain peaks covered with glaciers and rivers, in the south - forests of the southern macro slope of the Himalayas. Only in the northwest of the range there is an ecological corridor. The geographical isolation of populations of marmots provokes the divergence of alarm call, which is one of the obvious genetically determined features. The results of cluster analysis based on a complex of features of the sound signal coincide with the results of analysis using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The projection of variability on the structure and history of the landscape contributes to understand the ecological and geographical factors of divergence as the basis for the process of speciation.
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Deori, Bina Gandhi. „INDIGENOUS FOODWAYS OF THE GALOS: A CHALLENGE TO ARCHAEOLOGY“. Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 37 (13.04.2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v37i0.14785.
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<p>The Galos are one among many tribes inhabiting the mountainous terrain of Arunachal Pradesh, located in the foothills of the Himalayas in North-East India. The traditional subsistence practice of the Galos<em> </em>includes swidden cultivation popularly known as <em>jhummin</em>g in North-East India, animal husbandry and gathering. The paper discusses in detail the indigenous foodways of the Galos and how it pose challenges to the archaeology of the food in the region.</p><p>Keywords: Arunachal Pradesh, Galo tribe, indigenous, foodways</p>
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MAKARCHENKO, EUGENYI A., ALEXANDER A. SEMENCHENKO und DMITRY M. PALATOV. „Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae), with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri“. Zootaxa 5190, Nr. 3 (29.09.2022): 361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5190.3.3.
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Illustrated redescription of the adult males Diamesa alpina Tokunaga from the Russian Far East and North America, D. amplexivirilia Hansen from Arctic and the Russian Far East, D. saetheri Willassen from Chukotka Region and Kolyma River basin, D. lupus Willassen from Alaska, D. serratosioi Willassen from Norway and Russian Far East, D. leoniella Hansen from Alaska, D. leona Roback from Eurasia, D. japonica Tokunaga from Japan and Russian Far East, D. khumbugelida Saether et Willassen and D. loeffleri Reiss from Himalayas are provided.
Morphological data and DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) were used to delimit of seven species from subgroups davisi (D. alpina, D. amplexivirilia, D. serratosioi), leona (D. japonica, D. leona) and loeffleri (D. khumbugelida, D. loeffleri). Taxonomic remarks with data on geographical distribution of the investigated species are given.
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Deepak, C. K., Deuti Kaushik und Chandra Deuti. „First Record of <i>Hemiphyllodactylus</i> Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the Eastern Himalayas“. Russian Journal of Herpetology 29, Nr. 6 (11.12.2022): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-6-367-372.
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The gekkonid lizard genus Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 is represented by seven species in India, six of which are patchily distributed across montane habitats of peninsular India and one in Andaman and Nicobar islands. Here we report the occurrence of Hemiphyllodactylus sp. in Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India. This is the first record of the genus from Eastern Himalayas and the larger Indian Himalayan Region. It is also the northern most distribution record of the genus for the country. The specimen collected is distinct from known Indian species and shows close affinity to Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis sensu lato with respect to morphological characters as well as geographic proximity of collection locality. However, considering the restricted montane distribution and limited range of species from mainland Southeast Asia and peninsular India, it most likely belongs to a hitherto undescribed species. The finding emphasizes the conservation significance of tropical evergreen forests of Eastern Himalayas and North east hills for herpetofaunal diversity and biodiversity in general.
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Kumar, E. S. S., A. G. Pandurangan und P. E. Roy. „A taxonomic note on Impatiens disotis Hooker, 1906 (Family: Balsaminaceae)“. Taprobanica 4, Nr. 2 (14.11.2012): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v4i2.82.
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The genus Impatiens consists of over 1000 species distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics. In India, the genus is represented by more than 200 species that occur mainly in three major centers of diversity, Western Himalayas, North East India, and the Western Ghats, of which the state of Kerala harbours 72 species, most of which are rare, endangered or threatened.
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Zhu, Hua, und Yunhong Tan. „The Origin of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests in East Asia from the Evidence of Floristic Elements“. Plants 13, Nr. 8 (16.04.2024): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13081106.
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Arguments about the origin and evolution of the evergreen broad-leaved forests in East Asia exist generally, and are even contradictory in some cases. The origin and evolution of the flora of East Asia, especially in the evolutionary process, the formation time of the Asian monsoon, the implications of phylogenetic and biogeographic studies on some important taxa, and the implications of palaeobotanical evidence are debatable. Most research from different disciplines suggests that the monsoon in the Miocene was key to the diversification of East Asian flora and its evergreen broad-leaved forests. The common view is that the evergreen broad-leaved forests of East Asia are closely related to the monsoon’s intensity and developments, which were caused by the uplift of Himalaya–Tibet during or after the mid-Miocene. Analysis of the floristic elements show that the present subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in East Asia could have an early or ancient tropical origin and a tropical Asian affinity, but that their species are dominated by endemic Chinese or East Asian ones, many of which have tropical Asian affinity or are tropical sister species. The time of Himalayan uplift and the intensity of the monsoon climate are believed to be key to the formation of the evergreen broad-leaved forests in East Asia. Combined with existing paleobotanical findings, the uplift of the Himalayas and the formation of the monsoon climate, as well as floristic elements of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, we believe that they evolved from an Asian tropical rainforest after the mid-Miocene in the southeastern region of East Asia, while the ancient subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in the southwestern region continuously evolved into the present subtropical ones.
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Zhu, Xue-Tai, Yan-Chun Li, Gang Wu, Bang Feng, Kuan Zhao, Matteo Gelardi, Gerhard W. Kost und Zhu L. Yang. „The genus Imleria (Boletaceae) in East Asia“. Phytotaxa 191, Nr. 1 (30.12.2014): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.191.1.5.
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The genus Imleria can be easily distinguished from other genera of Boletaceae by the combination of the following characters: a chestnut brown pileus and stipe, a cream to pale yellow hymenophore, a viscid pileal surface when moist, a cyanescent context and hymenophore on handling or exposure, an ixotrichodermal pileipellis and smooth spores. The monophyly of Imleria and the detection of four independent species were highly supported by phylogenetic analyses using 5 gene markers. The four species, including the previously recognized Im. badia, Im. obscurebrunnea, plus the newly discovered Im. parva and Im. subalpina, are fully documented with taxonomic descriptions and illustrations, and a key to the taxa is provided. Geographically, Im. badia is widely distributed in Europe, North America and probably in Far East Asia, yet there is some intraspecific divergence between specimens from Europe and North America caused probably by geographic isolation. Imleria subalpina and Im. obscurebrunnea might diverge from each other relatively recently with the uplifts of the eastern Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains. An epitype collected from Sweden was designated for Im. badia.
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Datta, Prabhat Kumar, und Panchali Sen. „Governance in the Sixth Schedule Areas in India’s North-East: Context, Content and Challenges“. Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, Nr. 2 (25.04.2020): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120916885.
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Nestled in the foothills of the Himalayas in the eastern range North-East (N-E) has the ‘seven sisters’—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura, along with a small and beautiful cousin in the Himalayan fringes, namely, Sikkim. Nearly ninety-eight per cent of N-E is surrounded by international boundaries and two per cent with the rest of India. Often known as ‘the ethnic cauldron’, this region is the home of extraordinarily diverse mosaic of ethnic groups having distinctive social, cultural and economic identity, more akin to their South Asia neighbours than mainland India. It is a habitat of a good number of ethnic rebel groups whose agendas vary from complete session from India to fighting for ethnic identities and home lands. The primary objective of the colonial rule in N-E was to ensure its administrative insulation which might have largely contributed to the continuation of the backwardness of the N-E region. It is probably the only political region in the country where every large state is a region unto itself within a sub-continental nation. This uniqueness is found reflected in the legislations and institutions like the North Eastern Council Act, 1971, setting a nodal agency for the economic development of the region with a secretariat of its own and a separate Union Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region created in 2001. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyse the background, context, content and significance of the Sixth Schedule in the Constitution of India which was incorporated to provide self-rule to the tribal population in the N-E India.
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Ming, J., H. Cachier, C. Xiao, D. Qin, S. Kang, S. Hou und J. Xu. „Black carbon record based on a shallow Himalayan ice core and its climatic implications“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, Nr. 5 (10.10.2007): 14413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-14413-2007.
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Abstract. A continuous measurement for black carbon conducted on a shallow ice core extracted from the East Rongbuk glacier beside Mt. Qomolangma recovers the first historical record of black carbon 13 deposition in the past ~50 years in the high Asian cryosphere. Fast increasing trend of BC concentration is revealed since the mid-1990s. Backward air trajectory analysis indicates that South Asia's emission has significant impacts on the BC deposition in the East Rongbuk glacier. The estimated atmospheric BC concentration over the East Rongbuk glacier is about 80 ngC m−3. This suggests black carbon from South Asia's emission might penetrate into the Tibetan Plateau by 18 climbing over the elevated Himalayas. Considering the consequent extra solar radiative absorption over the glacier, it is suggested that this amplitude of BC concentration in the atmosphere over the Himalayas could not be neglected when assessing the warming effect on the surface of the glaciers on the Himalayas.
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Streinzer, Martin, Jharna Chakravorty, Johann Neumayer, Karsing Megu, Jaya Narah, Thomas Schmitt, Himender Bharti, Johannes Spaethe und Axel Brockmann. „Species composition and elevational distribution of bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus Latreille) in the East Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, India“. ZooKeys 851 (03.06.2019): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.851.32956.
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The East Himalaya is one of the world’s most biodiverse ecosystems. However, very little is known about the abundance and distribution of many plant and animal taxa in this region. Bumble bees are a group of cold-adapted and high elevation insects that fulfil an important ecological and economical function as pollinators of wild and agricultural flowering plants and crops. The Himalayan mountain range provides ample suitable habitats for bumble bees. Systematic study of Himalayan bumble bees began a few decades ago and the main focus has centred on the western region, while the eastern part of the mountain range has received little attention and only a few species have been verified. During a three-year survey, more than 700 bumble bee specimens of 21 species were collected in Arunachal Pradesh, the largest of the north-eastern states of India. The material included a range of species that were previously known from a limited number of collected specimens, which highlights the unique character of the East Himalayan ecosystem. Our results are an important first step towards a future assessment of species distribution, threat, and conservation. Clear elevation patterns of species diversity were observed, which raise important questions about the functional adaptations that allow bumble bees to thrive in this particularly moist region in the East Himalaya.
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Deepani, Vijit, und Monika Saini. „Demographic Fluctuation among Himalayan Populations“. Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 3, Nr. 2 (15.12.2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.3217.6.
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Background: Himalayas constitute vast mountain range in Asia spreading over 2500 Km (from east to west) at a high altitude along the northern fringes of the Indian subcontinent. The population dynamics in Himalayan domain has been immensely influenced by the variations in climatic and topographic conditions. As a result, population trends in relation to several demographic parameters are observed as population growth varies across this immense geographical contour. Objective: The present study attempts to assess and compare several crucial demographic parameters of select population groups (tribes and caste groups) residing in Himalayan province so as to provide a comprehensive picture of their demographic profile. The variation in demographic variables has also been addressed in relation to socio-economic and biological attributes. Materials and Methods: Multiple demographic determinants viz., sex-ratio, index – of – ageing, age at marriage and menarche, crude birth rate, total fertility rate, crude death rate and infant mortality rate are utilized to address demographic diversity in Himalayan population groups. Results: The sex ratio has been observed to be higher among reported population groups in Central Himalayas in comparison to Western and Eastern Himalayas. The measures of fertility – CBR, GFR and TFR – depict high values in certain population groups of Central Himalayas (Johar Bhotia, Rang Bhotia and Raji) in comparison to Western and Eastern province. Contribution: The present paper provides a comprehensive picture of the demographic profile among select Himalayan population groups. This will aid to understand the trend in demographic characteristics in the Himalayan province.
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CHANDRA, KAILASH, ARNA MAZUMDER, ABESH KUMAR SANYAL, ANIRBAN ASH, UTTARAN BANDYOPADHYAY, KAUSHIK MALLICK und ANGSHUMAN RAHA. „Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea)“. Zootaxa 4505, Nr. 1 (29.10.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4505.1.1.
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The present communication consists of the first ever catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 comprising systematic accounts of 242 species (including nominotypical subspecies) and 10 subspecies under 116 genera of 10 subfamilies with four new records to India viz. Phalera (Phalera) birmicola Bryk, 1949, Spatalina desiccata stolida Schintlmeister, 2007, Hiradonta hannemanni Schintlmeister, 1989 and Kamalia tattakana (Matsumura, 1927). The account was prepared by compiling findings from both literature survey and field sampling carried out at various Protected Areas in the Indian Himalayas and Chhattisgarh state in the Deccan Peninsular region of India. Zoogeographic analysis of Indian Notodontidae reveals a majority of the assemblage showing Oriental (58.27%) and Palaearctic (40.49%) affinities with maximum species of Sundanian (80.00%), followed by Himalayan (77.65%) origins. In India, the majority of the species are distributed in the Himalayan (35.33%) and North-East (39.40%) biogeographic zones, reflecting maximum endemicity. Extensive surveys in the less explored southern part of the country are expected to enrich the inventory of Indian Notodontidae. The distribution map and detailed illustrations of the four new records are provided.
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Lutsko, Nicholas J., Jane Wilson Baldwin und Timothy W. Cronin. „The Impact of Large-Scale Orography on Northern Hemisphere Winter Synoptic Temperature Variability“. Journal of Climate 32, Nr. 18 (13.08.2019): 5799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0129.1.
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Abstract The impact of large-scale orography on wintertime near-surface (850 hPa) temperature variability on daily and synoptic time scales (from days to weeks) in the Northern Hemisphere is investigated. Using a combination of theory, idealized modeling work, and simulations with a comprehensive climate model, it is shown that large-scale orography reduces upstream temperature gradients, in turn reducing upstream temperature variability, and enhances downstream temperature gradients, enhancing downstream temperature variability. Hence, the presence of the Rockies on the western edge of the North American continent increases temperature gradients over North America and, consequently, increases North American temperature variability. By contrast, the presence of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas on the eastern edge of the Eurasian continent damps temperature variability over most of Eurasia. However, Tibet and the Himalayas also interfere with the downstream development of storms in the North Pacific storm track, and thus damp temperature variability over North America, by approximately as much as the Rockies enhance it. Large-scale orography is also shown to impact the skewness of downstream temperature distributions, as temperatures to the north of the enhanced temperature gradients are more positively skewed while temperatures to the south are more negatively skewed. This effect is most clearly seen in the northwest Pacific, off the east coast of Japan.
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Guleria, J. S. „On the evolution of Angiosperms in the Himalayan region: A summary“. Journal of Palaeosciences 57, Nr. (1-3) (31.12.2008): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2008.263.
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The paper summarises the evolution of angiosperms in different zones of Himalaya. The Himalayan Cenozoic flora has been divided age-wise as Palaeogene and Neogene flora. The Himalayan Palaeogene flora is largely a continuation of tropical peninsular flora of India. The early Miocene flora of Lesser Himalaya is also moist tropical. However, temperate plants started appearing during Miocene in the Higher Himalaya and their occurrence in Plio-Pleistocene flora of Kashmir reflect uplift of the Himalaya. The sub-Himalayan flora indicates existence of warm humid conditions in this belt which became drier by the end of Pliocene. The northern floral elements appeared to have invaded India all along the Himalayan belt. Since its birth the Himalaya has played a significant role in the immigration of plants from the adjoining regions, i.e. east, west and north, thereby enriching the Indian flora. The development of the Cenozoic flora of the Himalayan region is an expression of changing patterns of geography, topography and climate.
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DURAI, V. R., S. K. ROY BHOWMIK und B. MUKHOPADHYAY. „Evaluation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall features using TRMM and KALPANA-1 satellite derived precipitation and rain gauge observation“. MAUSAM 61, Nr. 3 (27.11.2021): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v61i3.835.
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The study provides a concise and synthesized documentation of the current level of skill of the satellite (3B42RT, 3B42V-6, KALPANA-1) products over Indian regions based on the data gathered during the summer monsoon seasons of 2006, 2007 and 2008. The inter-comparison of satellite products with the rain gauge observations suggests that the TRMM 3B42V6 product could distinctly capture characteristic features of the summer monsoon, such as north–south oriented belt of heavy rainfall along the Western Ghats with sharp gradient of rainfall between the west coast heavy rain region and the rain shadow region to the east, pockets of heavy rainfall along the location of monsoon trough, over the east central parts of the country, over north-east India, along the foothills of Himalayas and over the north Bay of Bengal. The KALPANA-1 and 3B42RT products reproduce only the broadest features of mean monsoon seasonal rainfall. The near real-time products 3B42RT and KALPANA-1 underestimate the orographic heavy rainfall along the Western Ghats of India. The precipitation estimates from TRMM 3B42V6 product, when accumulated over the whole season, could reproduce the observed pattern. However, the TRMM 3B42RT and KALPANA-1 estimates are comparatively lower than the observed rainfall over most parts of the country during the season. Inter comparison reveals that the TRMM 3B42V6 product showed better skill in estimating the daily and seasonal mean rainfall over all India and also over four homogeneous regions of India.
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Flynn, James. „Reservations about Rushton“. Psych 1, Nr. 1 (11.02.2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych1010003.
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Rushton believed not only that East Asians, whites, and blacks could be ranked in that order for desirable traits but also that the black/white IQ gap is predominantly genetic in origin. Concerning the first, he relied on the “ice ages hypothesis”to show that the evolutionary history of the three races had varied as East Asians were subjected to the most demanding environment (north of the Himalayas), whites to the next most demanding (north of the Alps), and blacks to the least demanding (Africa). As to the second, he appealed to arguments based on the method of correlated vectors (Jensen effects) and regression to the mean. To assess his contribution I argue: (1) That the racial ranking for desirable traits is not as tidy as it seems; (2) That the ice ages hypothesis has been falsified; (3) That the black/white Q gap is more likely to be environmental, with black American subculture as the culprit; and (4) That appeals to correlated vectors and regression cannot disentangle genetic and environmental causes.
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Flynn, James. „Reservations about Rushton“. Psych 1, Nr. 1 (11.02.2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychology1010003.
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Rushton believed not only that East Asians, whites, and blacks could be ranked in that order for desirable traits but also that the black/white IQ gap is predominantly genetic in origin. Concerning the first, he relied on the “ice ages hypothesis”to show that the evolutionary history of the three races had varied as East Asians were subjected to the most demanding environment (north of the Himalayas), whites to the next most demanding (north of the Alps), and blacks to the least demanding (Africa). As to the second, he appealed to arguments based on the method of correlated vectors (Jensen effects) and regression to the mean. To assess his contribution I argue: (1) That the racial ranking for desirable traits is not as tidy as it seems; (2) That the ice ages hypothesis has been falsified; (3) That the black/white Q gap is more likely to be environmental, with black American subculture as the culprit; and (4) That appeals to correlated vectors and regression cannot disentangle genetic and environmental causes.
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Tiwari, Ram Krishna, und Harihar Paudyal. „Frequency magnitude distribution and spatial correlation dimension of earthquakes in north-east Himalaya and adjacent regions“. Geologos 28, Nr. 2 (01.08.2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2022-0009.
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Abstract The north-east sector of the Himalaya is one of the most active tectonic belts, with complex geological and tectonic features. The b-value and spatial correlation dimension (Dc) of earthquake distribution in the north-east Himalaya and its adjacent regions (20–32°N and 88–98°E) are estimated in the present study. Based on seismicity and faulting pattern, the region is divided into five active regions, namely the (i) South-Tibet, (ii) Eastern-Syntaxis, (iii) Himalayan-Frontal Arc, (iv) Arakan-Yoma belt and (v) Shillong-Plateau. A homogeneous catalogue of 1,416 earthquakes (mb ≥ 4.5) has been prepared from a revised catalogue of the ISC (International Seismological Centre). The b-value has been appraised by the maximum likelihood estimation method, while Dc values have been calculated by the correlation integral method; b-values of 1.08 ± 0.09, 1.13 ± 0.05, 0.92 ± 0.05, 1.00 ± 0.03 and 0.98 ± 0.08 have been computed for the South-Tibet, Eastern-Syntaxis, Himalayan-Frontal Arc, Arakan-Yoma belt and Shillong-Plateau region, respectively. The Dc values computed for the respective regions are 1.36 ± 0.02, 1.74 ± 0.04, 1.57 ± 0.01, 1.8 ± 0.01, and 1.83 ± 0.02. These values are > 1.5, except for the South-Tibet (1.36 ± 0.02). The b-values around the global average value (1.0) reflect the stress level and seismic activity of the regions, while high Dc values refer to the heterogeneity of the seismogenic sources.
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CALEB, JOHN T. D., DIBYAJYOTI GHOSH und VIKAS KUMAR. „On two new synonyms of the orb-weaving spider Orsinome vethi (Hasselt, 1882) (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)“. Zootaxa 4444, Nr. 3 (10.07.2018): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.9.
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The genus Orsinome was established by Thorell in 1890 with O. vethi (Hasselt, 1882) as the type species. It presently comprises 17 described species (World Spider Catalog 2018), of which two are known from India: O. armata Pocock, 1901 and O. listeri Gravely, 1921 (World Spider Catalog 2018). While studying spiders from the Indian Himalayas and north-East India, we examined the type specimens of Labulla nepula Tikader, 1970 and found it to be misidentified and placed erroneously in the family Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859. Moreover, Orsinome listeri Gravely, 1921 described from the Eastern Himalayas was also found to be indistinguishable from O. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). In this paper, we provide detailed illustrations of the types of L. nepula Tikader and O. listeri Gravely and synonymize it with O. vethi (Hasselt, 1882) based on the cheliceral dentition and genital morphological characters.
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Samtleben, Nadja, Aleš Kuchař, Petr Šácha, Petr Pišoft und Christoph Jacobi. „Mutual Interference of Local Gravity Wave Forcings in the Stratosphere“. Atmosphere 11, Nr. 11 (19.11.2020): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111249.
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Gravity wave (GW) breaking and associated GW drag is not uniformly distributed among latitudes and longitudes. In particular, regions of enhanced GW breaking, so-called GW hotspots, have been identified, major Northern Hemisphere examples being located above the Rocky Mountains, the Himalayas and the East Asian region. These hotspots influence the middle atmosphere circulation both individually and in combination. Their interference is here examined by performing simulations including (i) the respective single GW hotspots, (ii) two GW hotspots, and (iii) all three GW hotspots with a simplified global circulation model. The combined GW hotspots lead to a modification of the polar vortex in connection with a zonal mean flow decrease and an increase of the temperature at higher latitudes. The different combinations of GW hotspots mainly prevent the stationary planetary wave (SPW) 1 from propagating upward at midlatitudes leading to a decrease in energy and momentum transfer in the middle atmosphere caused by breaking SPW 1, and in turn to an acceleration of the zonal mean flow at lower latitudes. In contrast, the GW hotspot above the Rocky Mountains alone causes an increase in SPW 1 amplitude and Eliassen–Palm flux (EP flux), inducing enhanced negative EP divergence, decelerating the zonal mean flow at higher latitudes. Consequently, none of the combinations of different GW hotspots is comparable to the impact of the Rocky Mountains GW hotspot alone. The reason is that the GW hotspots mostly interfere nonlinearly. Depending on the longitudinal distance between two GW hotspots, the interference between the combined Rocky Mountains and East Asian GW hotspots is more additive than the interference between the combined Rocky Mountains and Himalaya GW hotspots. While the Rocky Mountains and the East Asian GW hotspots are longitudinally displaced by 105°, the Rocky Mountains are shifted by 170° to the Himalayas. Moreover, while the East Asian and the Himalayas are located side by side, the interference between these GW hotspots is the most nonlinear because they are latitudinally displaced by 20°. In general, the SPW activity, e.g., represented in SPW amplitudes, EP flux or Plumb flux, is strongly reduced, when the GW hotspots are interacting with each other. Thus, the interfering GW hotspots mostly have a destructive effect on SPW propagation and generation.
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MYLLYS, Leena, Saara VELMALA, Raquel PINO-BODAS und Trevor GOWARD. „New species in Bryoria (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) from north-west North America“. Lichenologist 48, Nr. 5 (September 2016): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282916000268.
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AbstractTwo new species of Bryoria are described based on morphology, chemistry and molecular phylogeny (ITS and Mcm7). Both species belong in section Bryoria, which was resolved as a polyphyletic group in the ITS+Mcm7 phylogeny. Bryoria alaskana belongs to a clade restricted to South-East Asia and north-west North America, and is so far known from south-east Alaska and the Sino-Himalayan Mountains. This highly variable species is most reliably recognized by its pendent, esorediate thallus, its production of fumarprotocetraric acid, and the combination of isotomic branching, abundant, whitish, predominantly fusiform pseudocyphellae, and sparse, short perpendicular side branches. Black emorient patches are lacking. Bryoria irwinii is endemic to north-west North America and is closely related to B. araucana from South America, B. poeltii from South-East Asia, as well as B. nadvornikiana and B. trichodes, both widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. It is a subpendent, esorediate species recognized by its predominantly anisotomic branching, olivaceous hue, black emorient patches, conspicuous pale brownish, fusiform pseudocyphellae, and numerous perpendicular, more or less basally constricted, side branches.
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Haldhar, S. M., R. Thangjam, V. Kadam, B. L. Jakhar, R. Loganathan, K. I. Singh, K. Rolania, S. Singh, S. R. Dhaka und K. M. Singh. „A review on entomophagy: Natural food insects for ethnic and tribal communities of North-East India“. Journal of Environmental Biology 42, Nr. 6 (15.11.2021): 1425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/6/mrn-1809.
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Entomophagy insects are local food/ feed in most parts of the North Malay Archipelago. These insects are a standard natural resource that provides food and economical safety to most ethnic groups of Eastern Himalayas. Entomophagy not only supports the nutritional food security, but also provides the family livelihood to the tribal populations during difficult times of the year. Since, edible insects are great source of supplemental food item that would meet the people’s present and future need, they’re preferred by tribal communities as eggs, nymphs, larvae, pupa and adults insects, and eaten as fried, cooked, roasted or are even consumed as raw repeatedly. In India, a complete of 245 species, 50 families and 10 orders of edible insects have been recorded so far as food and it’s mostly practiced in eight North Eastern States of India. Among the edible species of insects, biggest consumption is of coleopteran species with 24.69%, followed by Hemiptera (22.63%), Orthoptera (17.28%), Hymanoptera (13.17%), Odonata (10.70%), Lepidoptera (5.35%), Isoptera (2.88%), Dictyoptera (2.06%) and therefore the least were Diptera (0.41%) and Ephimeroptera (0.82%). Study of edible insect in India evolved the uncharted natural resources of north-east region and medicinal, traditional beliefs of tribal people. This review paper discuss about the common edible insects consumed by different ethnic and tribal communities in North-east India.
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Sanjay-Swami. „Integrated Management of Land, Water and Bioresources for Sustainable Agriculture in North Eastern Region of India“. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 4, Nr. 2 (30.05.2021): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.040210.
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The ecosystem approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. There is no single way to implement the ecosystem approach, as it depends on local, provincial, national, regional or global conditions. The North Eastern Region (NER) of India represents three geographies (East Himalayas, Brahmaputra Valley, and North East Hills) and covers about 7.7 percent of the total geographic area of India. Around 56 percent of the cultivated area of the NER is under low altitude (valley or lowland), 33 percent under mid-altitude (flat upland), and the rest under high altitude (upland terrace). The environment, local conditions, socio-economic and socio-cultural life of different tribal communities and the rituals associated with agricultural practices have developed many Indigenous farming systems, which have in-built eco-friendly systems for conservation, preservation and utilization of natural resources. However, with the passage of time, some of these practices have been further refined and modified to cater the location specific present day needs for conservation of natural resources, particularly soil and water resources. The present article is to discuss some important ecosystem approaches/traditional practices followed in the North Eastern Region with recent innovations to make agriculture more efficient and more sustainable.
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Hjalmarsson, Anna E., Wolfram Graf, Sonja C. Jähnig, Simon Vitecek und Steffen U. Pauls. „Molecular association and morphological characterisation of Himalopsyche larval types (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae)“. ZooKeys 773 (09.07.2018): 79–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24319.
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HimalopsycheBanks, 1940 (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae) is a genus of caddisflies inhabiting mountain and alpine environments in Central and East Asia and the Nearctic. Of 53 known species, only five species have been described previously in the aquatic larval stage. We perform life stage association using three strategies (GMYC, PTP, and reciprocal monophyly) based on fragments of two molecular markers: the nuclear CAD, and the mitochondrial COI gene. A total of 525 individuals from across the range ofHimalopsyche(Himalayas, Hengduan Shan, Tian Shan, South East Asia, Japan, and western North America) was analysed and 32 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in our dataset delimited. Four distinct larval types ofHimalopsycheare uncovered, and these are defined as thephryganeatype,japonicatype,tibetanatype, andgiganteatype and a comparative morphological characterisation of the larval types is presented. The larval types differ in a number of traits, most prominently in their gill configuration, as well as in other features such as setal configuration of the pronotum and presence/absence of accessory hooks of the anal prolegs.
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Yang, Yongjingwen, Lin Lin, Yunhong Tan und Min Deng. „How Climate Change Impacts the Distribution of Lithocarpus hancei (Fagaceae), a Dominant Tree in East Asian Montane Cloud Forests“. Forests 14, Nr. 5 (18.05.2023): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051049.
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Subtropical montane moist evergreen broadleaf forests (MMEBFs) have a unique environmental envelope harboring a high percentage of endemic biota. This ecosystem is highly vulnerable, and little is known about its possible response to future climate change. In this study, we used Lithocarpus hancei (Fagaceae), a dominant tree in East Asian subtropical MMEBFs, as a proxy to investigate MMEBF distribution dynamics and key distribution restriction factors. In total, 607 L. hancei occurrence points were obtained after being gathered and filtered. The random forest model was selected as the best model. Eight environmental variables were selected to simulate the potential suitable areas of L. hancei under the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), present, and future (2041–2060, 2061–2080, 2081–2100) climate change scenarios, including four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). Our results showed that precipitation of the warmest quarter, the precipitation of the driest month, the mean diurnal range, and temperature seasonality are the key factors affecting the spatial range of L. hancei with 11.2%, 10.9%, 8.1%, and 7.6% contributions, respectively. The current distribution of L. hancei is mainly within East and South China, with a scattered distribution in North Indo-China and the Southeast Himalayas. The highly suitable area only accounts for 9.7% of the total distribution area. The distribution area of the current suitability area is the smallest compared to that under LGM and future scenarios. In all the future climatic scenarios, the highly suitable areas of L. hancei would decrease or even disappear, whereas the medium- and low-suitability areas might increase with the centroid of the total suitable area northern. Its distribution in Central China, the Southern Himalayas, and Northern Indo-China will be lost in the future. Overall, our study predicted a prominent degradation of East Asian MMEBFs in the future. In situ and ex situ conservation on East Asian MMEBFs should be prioritized and enforced.
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Jalal, Jeewan, Pankaj Kumar, Gopal Rawat und Yash Pal Pangtey. „Bulbophyllum hirtum (Sm.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae) - New record for western Himalaya, India“. Indian Journal of Forestry 33, Nr. 3 (01.09.2010): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-yhmo6n.
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Panda, B. K., und Sukanta Sarkar. „Shifting Cultivation in North-East India: Growth and Progress“. Dera Natung Government College Research Journal 2, Nr. 1 (2017): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56405/dngcrj.2017.02.01.07.
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The agricultural production systems in the hilly areas differ from the plough cultivation in the plain areas. The term shifting cultivation refers to a certain method of farming. In this particular method, land is widely used to cultivate crops for a few years, then allowed to lie fallow for several years after which it is reused again. Shifting cultivation is said to be one of the unsustainable land uses contributing significantly to environmental degradation. Across South and Southeast Asia, a large number of people depend fully or partly on shifting cultivation for their livelihood and food security. In the Himalayan region of the north east, the agricultural practice of shifting cultivation also known as jhum cultivation or rotational agro-forestry, prevalent since prehistoric times, is being carried out by traditional tribal societies even today. The objective of this paper is to study the growth and progress of shifting cultivations in North-Eastern India.
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Shrestha, P., und A. P. Barros. „Joint spatial variability of aerosol, clouds and rainfall in the Himalayas from satellite data“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, Nr. 2 (12.02.2010): 4373–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-4373-2010.
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Abstract. Satellite-based precipitation, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Cloud Optical Depth (COD), and Aerosol Index (AI) data were used to characterize the linkages among landform and the intra-annual variability of aerosols, cloudiness and rainfall in the Himalayas using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The first modes of AOD and AI show the presence of two branches of dust aerosol: over the Indus River basin and the Thar Desert with a sharp west-east gradient parallel to the southern slopes of the Himalayas – the southern Branch; and the second against the slopes of the Tian Shan and over the Takla Makan Desert in the Tibetan Plateau – the northern branch. The second EOF mode of AOD accounts for about 10% of overall variance of AOD. It is attached to the foothills of the Himalayas east of the Aravalli range peaking in April-May followed by a sharp decrease between June and July during the first active phase of the monsoon. The first and second EOF modes of COD and precipitation show consistent patterns against the Central and Eastern Himalayas and along the ocean-land boundaries in western India and the Bay of Bengal. The break in cloudiness and rainfall between the winter and the monsoon seasons is captured well by the second EOF mode of COD and rainfall concurrent with the aerosol build up mode (March-April-May) over the region depicted by the second mode of AOD. The results show that the Aravalli range separates the two different modes of aerosol variability over northern India with dust aerosols to the west and polluted mixed aerosols to the east consistent with its role in regional circulation and precipitations patterns as per Barros et al. (2004) and Chiao and Barros (2006). The region of spatial overlap of the modes of variability of aerosols, clouds and rainfall is captured by the second EOF of MODIS AOD along the southern slopes of the Himalayas east of the Aravalli. It is proposed that this mode maps the area where the indirect radiative effect of aerosols on cloud properties and rainfall is pronounced.
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Sharma, Shakha, und Neeraj Sharma. „New Lycaenid butterfly records from Jammu & Kashmir, India“. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, Nr. 7 (26.06.2018): 11984. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4046.10.7.11984-11987.
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The butterfly surveys were conducted across different regions of Jammu province right from southern alluvial plains of Chenab and Ravi to Great Himalayas through Shiwaliks and Pir-Panjal mountains during June 2016 to February 2018. The areas covered included Kalidhar and Dalhori forests, district Rajouri (west), Mansar-Surinsar-Manwal range, districts Jammu, Samba and Udhampur (south), Mansar-Manwal, Billawar-Basoholi-Bani, district Kathua (east), Bhaderwah, district Doda (north), and Paddar in district Kishtwar (northeast) within an elevational range of 320 m to 3200 m (Fig. 1). During the explorations, we observed eight Lycaenid butterfly species previously not recorded from the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
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Chaudhary, Abha, Prakash Biswakarma, Varun Joshi, Asha Pandey und Ruchi Singh. „Frequency ratio analysis to determine the landslide susceptibility in East Sikkim district of Indian Himalayan region“. Disaster Advances 17, Nr. 1 (05.12.2023): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/171da044061.
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Landslides are a significant natural disaster causing damage to many mountainous regions worldwide including the Indian Himalayan region. In the East Sikkim district of the Eastern Himalayas, the most used bivariate frequency ratio (FR) model was utilized with high-resolution satellite imagery to understand the susceptibility of the region to landslides. Conditioning factors such as slope aspect, slope angle, slope curvature, drainage density, land use and land cover (LULC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), lithology, and geomorphology were considered in the analysis. LULC is the most crucial factor contributing to landslide susceptibility with a normalized FR value of 14.1. Slope and geomorphology followed closely with values of 12.5 and 11.8 respectively. In contrast, the least important factors were slope aspect and lithology with values of 8.7 and 9.3 respectively. These results can be used to prioritize landslide conditioning factors (LCF) and generate a final landslide susceptibility map (LSM). By adding the values of all LCFs, a landslide susceptibility index was obtained, and the LSM was zoned into high, medium, and low susceptibility classes covering 23.4%, 44.4%, and 32.2% of the study area respectively. The validity of the method used was confirmed using a receiver operating characteristic curve which yielded an accuracy of 78%. The findings highlight the importance of LULC, slope, and geomorphology as critical factors in landslide susceptibility in the East Sikkim district of the Eastern Himalayas.
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Borah, Dipankar, Momang Taram, Abhaya Prasad Das, Sumpam Tangjang und Truong Van Do. „Aristolochia assamica (Aristolochiaceae), a New Species from the East Himalayas“. Annales Botanici Fennici 56, Nr. 4-6 (19.10.2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0410.
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YUAN, QIONG, CHEN REN und QIN-ER YANG. „Exclusion of Anemone tetrasepala (Ranunculaceae) from the flora of China“. Phytotaxa 343, Nr. 2 (09.03.2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.343.2.8.
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We demonstrate that all the Xizang (Tibet) specimens previously identified as Anemone tetrasepala (Ranunculaceae) actually belong to A. elongata, a species distributed in east Himalaya. Anemone tetrasepala is not known to occur in China, but is confined to north-west Himalaya only.
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Singh, D. K., und Devendra Singh. „Epiphyllous Liverworts of India: An Overview“. Plant Science Today 3, Nr. 2 (02.05.2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2016.3.2.228.
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Taxonomy of the epiphyllous liverworts in India has been reviewed and their diversity and distribution has been discussed. A total of 160 species, one subspecies and two varieties of epiphyllous liverworts belonging to 23 genera in eight families have been recognized in Indian bryoflora, distributed only in eastern Himalaya and the north-east, Western Ghats, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Eastern Himalaya, including the north-east, with 133 taxa shows the maximum diversity of epiphylls, whereas Sikkim with 80 taxa is the richest amongst the States. Lejeuneaceae with 131 species belonging to 16 genera is the most prolific family of epiphyllous liverworts accounting for over 80 per cent of their total diversity in India, while Cololejeunea with 54 species is the most dominant genus. Twenty species are endemic to India, of which 11 are restricted to eastern Himalaya, three to Western Ghats, and one to Andaman & Nicobar, while five species are common between eastern Himalaya and the Western Ghats.
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Hoque Bepary, Rejaul, Dadasaheb D. Wadikar und Prakash E. Patki. „Rice bean: nutritional vibrant bean of Himalayan belt (North East India)“. Nutrition & Food Science 46, Nr. 3 (09.05.2016): 412–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-08-2015-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to analyse the present status of the information available on rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.)] cultivars with respect to its nutritional and functional characteristics. It is one of the non-conventional and under-utilized beans of South and Southeast Asia. In northeastern regions of India, it is an important crop for shifting cultivation or kitchen garden which is consumed as vegetable (tender pod) and pulse. The information gaps filling could be useful for several work proposals and for consumers and cultivators to know the nutritional strength and varied usability of the grain which in-turn can help in its commercialization. Design/methodology/approach The approach to information collection was emphasized on nutritional strength of the grain compared to other beans of Vigna family and the varied usability among the rice bean varieties of the Himalayan Belt. Findings The average carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fibre and ash content of 75 genotypes of rice bean was found 59.96 ± 2.81, 20.78 ± 2.65, 1.74 ± 1.42, 5.07 ± 1.17 and 4.44 ± 1.03 per cent, respectively. It has high quality protein with all essential amino acid in balance manner. Among the minerals, it contains calcium, iron, zinc and potassium with high bio-availability of calcium (59.8 ± 0.3 per cent). The factors such as flatulence producing saccharides, trypsin inhibitors, polyphenols, phytic acid, saponin and tannins of rice bean were reported to be in the range of 3.28-5.87 per cent, 55.12-163.98 TIU/g, 0.58-1.82 1.88-8.17, 1.2-3.1 and 0.24-1.55 per cent, respectively. The toxic compounds such as hydrogen cyanide (0.09 mg/100 g) and L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (0.36 mg/100 g) is lowest in rice bean. The nutritional advantages of rice bean over the other beans of Vigna family were required to emphasize to induce interest among the researchers, producers and consumers. Research limitations/implications In view of the recommended daily requirements with respect of amino acids, vitamin-B and minerals, rice bean could be a major component of the diet to fulfill them. However, the scanty information available on nutritional and functional components of rice bean varieties grown in northeastern India calls for the gap filing research to explore full potential of the bean. Originality/value The information about differences among the northeastern varieties of rice bean available on nutritional functional components essentially required the updating of research data to explore full potential and utility of the bean.
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Chen, Mo-Mei. „The rust flora of Sino-Himalayan forests“. Canadian Journal of Botany 67, Nr. 3 (01.03.1989): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-111.
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From 1975–1980, an investigation of rusts of the Sino-Himalayan flora was undertaken by an interdisciplinary research team of the Academia Sinica. The Sino-Himalayan plateau (Xizang) is a varied and unique physicogeographical region with combined effects of high altitude, vast expanse, and latitudinal position. A special category of montane (1000–6000 m) and its forest rust flora is proposed. This preliminary study of the hosts and their rusts includes 110 species and 26 genera in five families of rusts. According to biogeographical and ecological analysis, the Sino-Himalayan rust flora can be characterized as north temperate. This flora is classified into three zones: (i) the plateau zone; (ii) the temperate zone; and (iii) the subtropical zone. A distinct group of rust genera and species is found in each zone. The main genera and species recognized as Sino-Himalayan are also cosmopolitan in north temperate plateau regions. Sino-Himalaya rust flora mainly is a branch of East Asia flora and has close relationships with adjacent flora as well as with North American flora. This flora constitutes a potential source of rust diseases for forests in this and other regions.
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Gogoi, Kakoli, und K. Nageswara Rao. „Analysis of Rainfall Trends over Assam, North East India“. Current World Environment 17, Nr. 2 (10.09.2022): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.2.15.
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The spatio-temporal variations of long-term rainfall over Assam in the North Eastern part of India were analyzed using data from twenty-six locations during the period 1981-2017. The annual, monthly, and seasonal rainfall trends are assessed by using Mann-Kendall and Sen slope tests over different sub regions. September, December, January, and February months recorded decreasing trends, while May, June, and August exhibited statistically substantial increasing trends. Similarly, annual, pre monsoon season and monsoon seasons exhibited increasing trends, but post monsoon and winter seasons recorded statistically non-significant decreasing rainfall trends. The locations of Demaji, Dibrugarh, Karimganj, and North Lakhimpur were recorded with above 2000 mm annual rainfall. On seasonal time scales, pre monsoon and monsoon rainfall over Assam witnessed increasing trends with statistically notable trends. The post monsoon and winter rainfall recorded decreasing trends, but the trends were statistically non-significant. In the monsoon season, a declining trend was recorded during the first decade (2001-2010). The southern and northeastern portion of the state received the maximum average annual rainfall when compared to the central portion of the Brahmaputra valley of Assam state. The maximum variations in rainfall have been recorded in the Karimganj (36.8%), Hailakandi (31.9%), Silchar (31.9%), and Dhuburi (26.5%) regions. Any slight variations in the rainfall trend could certainly be vulnerable as the state of Assam which comprises valley flood plains and sub-Himalayan boundaries, also supports a large chunk of human as well as ecosystem populations. In the present scenario, extreme and unprecedented rainfall events can affect agricultural activities, stream flow, the availability of food, etc., which may lead to disparities in the socio-economic conditions of the area. The results would be beneficial to policymakers in understanding the impact of changing climates and assessing the climatic vulnerability of natural and human resources.
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McNab, Fergus, R. Alastair Sloan und Richard T. Walker. „Simultaneous orthogonal shortening in the Afghan-Tajik Depression“. Geology 47, Nr. 9 (16.07.2019): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46090.1.
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Abstract The Afghan-Tajik Depression is a sedimentary basin in the Alpine-Himalayan mountain chain. It is traversed by series of north-south arcuate folds, suggesting that the basin is undergoing east-west compression. A second set of folds in the south of the depression runs east-west, crosscutting those trending north-south. We present results from teleseismic body waveform inversion and depth phase modeling for five recent earthquakes, and from detailed mapping of structures related to active faulting based on satellite imagery and topographic data. We argue that both sets of folds are active and that deformation is vertically partitioned, with north-south compression accommodated on east-west–trending thrust faults within the basement, and east-west compression accommodated on north-south–trending thrust faults above a detachment within the basin fill. The observation that orthogonal shortening can be accommodated simultaneously in this way has several important implications. Juxtaposed orthogonal fold systems identified in the geological record may not require temporally separate events, particularly in gravity-driven fold-and-thrust belts in foreland-basin settings. Pervasive detachment may limit the size of potential earthquakes by preventing single events from rupturing the entire seismogenic layer. However, it may also disguise geomorphic signatures of faulting and interseismic strain accumulation within the lower layer, hindering accurate seismic hazard assessment and regional tectonic interpretations.
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Kandwal, Manish, und B. Gupta. „Calamagrostis nagarum (BOR) G.Singh (Poaceae) - Rediscovery of a Rare and Endemic species“. Indian Journal of Forestry 28, Nr. 1 (01.03.2005): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2005-0zj3y9.
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Calamagrostis nagarum (Bor) G. Singh a rare and endemic species of Naga Hills (North-East India) that had never been collected earlier after its type, has now been rediscovered from Uttaranchal Himalaya (India).
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K.C., Sajan, und Anisha Sapkota. „First record of Sanaa regalis (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Pseudophyllinae) from the central Himalayas“. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31, Nr. 2 (22.07.2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.81760.
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A female individual of Sanaa regalis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895) was collected in the Tanahun district of Central Nepal in September 2021. This katydid had been reported prior from India in the East Himalayas and Chhattisgarh in Central India. This is the first record of this species from the Central Himalayas, Nepal. The female of this species differs from its congenerics S. imperialis (White, 1846) and S. intermedia Beier, 1944 in its ovipositor being distinctly black at the base.
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Ojha, Narendra, Andrea Pozzer, Dimitris Akritidis und Jos Lelieveld. „Secondary ozone peaks in the troposphere over the Himalayas“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, Nr. 11 (08.06.2017): 6743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6743-2017.
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Abstract. Layers with strongly enhanced ozone concentrations in the middle–upper troposphere, referred to as secondary ozone peaks (SOPs), have been observed in different regions of the world. Here we use the global ECHAM5/MESSy atmospheric chemistry model (EMAC) to (i) investigate the processes causing SOPs, (ii) explore both their frequency of occurrence and seasonality, and (iii) assess their effects on the tropospheric ozone budget over the Himalayas. The vertical profiles of potential vorticity (PV) and a stratospheric ozone tracer (O3s) in EMAC simulations, in conjunction with the structure of SOPs, suggest that SOPs over the Himalayas are formed by stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) of ozone. The spatial distribution of O3s further shows that such effects are in general most pronounced in the northern part of India. Model simulated ozone distributions and backward air trajectories show that ozone rich air masses, associated with STT, originate as far as northern Africa and the North Atlantic Ocean, the Middle East, as well as in nearby regions in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and are rapidly (within 2–3 days) transported to the Himalayas. Analysis of a 15-year (2000–2014) EMAC simulation shows that the frequency of SOPs is highest during the pre-monsoon season (e.g. 11 % of the time in May), while no intense SOP events are found during the July–October period. The SOPs are estimated to enhance the tropospheric column ozone (TCO) over the central Himalayas by up to 21 %.
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Singh, Prem Prakash, Tamalika Chakraborty, Anna Dermann, Florian Dermann, Dibyendu Adhikari, Purna B. Gurung, Saroj Kanta Barik et al. „Assessing Restoration Potential of Fragmented and Degraded Fagaceae Forests in Meghalaya, North-East India“. Forests 11, Nr. 9 (19.09.2020): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11091008.
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The montane subtropical broad-leaved humid forests of Meghalaya (Northeast India) are highly diverse and situated at the transition zone between the Eastern Himalayas and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots. In this study, we have used inventory data from seedlings to canopy level to assess the impact of both biotic and abiotic disturbances on structure, composition, and regeneration potential of the Fagaceae trees of these forests. Fagaceae trees are considered as the keystone species in these forests due to their regional dominance and their importance as a fuel wood source, and also because they form an important component of climax community in these forests. Unfortunately, these forests are highly degraded and fragmented due to anthropogenic disturbances. We have assessed, for the first time, the restoration potential (i.e., capacity to naturally regenerate and sustain desired forest structure) of Fagaceae species in the genera Lithocarpus Blume, Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach, and Quercus Linn. We also evaluated how biotic and abiotic factors, as well as anthropogenic disturbances, influence the restoration potential of these species in six fragmented forest patches located along an elevational gradient on south-facing slopes in the Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. Fagaceae was the most dominant family at all sites except one site (Laitkynsew), where it was co-dominant with Lauraceae. Fagaceae forests have shown high diversity and community assemblages. Fagaceae species had high levels of natural regeneration (i.e., seedlings and saplings) but low recruitment to large trees (diameter at breast height or DBH ≥ 10 cm) at all sites. The ability to sprout was higher in Fagaceae tree species than non-Fagaceae tree species. We have shown that human disturbance and structural diversity were positively related to regeneration of Fagaceae tree species due to high sprouting. However, with increasing human disturbance, recruitment of saplings and pole-sized trees to mature trees hampered the resulting proportion of mature Fagaceae tree species. This study provides a means for assessing regeneration and a basis for forest management strategies in degraded and fragmented forests of Meghalaya.