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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Dynamic breakthrough curve analysis“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Dynamic breakthrough curve analysis"
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Chen, Kuei-Hsiang, You-Ren Lai, Nguyen The Duc Hanh, Steven S. S. Wang und Yu-Kaung Chang. „Breakthrough Curve Modeling and Analysis for Lysozyme Adsorption by Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Affinity Nanofiber Membrane“. Membranes 13, Nr. 9 (28.08.2023): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13090761.
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In this study, a polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane was first hydrolyzed and then functionalized with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (P-Tris), then used as an affinity nanofiber membrane for lysozyme adsorption in membrane chromatography. The dynamic adsorption behavior of lysozyme was investigated in a flow system under various operating parameters, including adsorption pHs, initial feed lysozyme concentration, loading flow rate, and the number of stacked membrane layers. Four different kinetic models, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, were applied to experimental data from breakthrough curves of lysozyme. The results showed that the dynamic adsorption results were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The breakthrough curve experimental results show significant differences in the breakthrough time, the dynamic binding capacity, the length of the mass transfer zone, and the utilization rate of the membrane bed under different operating parameters. Four dynamic adsorption models (i.e., Bohart–Adams, Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and BDST models) were used to analyze the breakthrough curve characteristics of the dynamic adsorption experiments. Among them, the Yoon–Nelson model was the best model to fit the breakthrough curve. However, some of the theoretical results based on the Thomas and Bohart–Adams model analyses of the breakthrough curve fit well with the experimental data, with an error percentage of <5%. The Bohart–Adams model has the largest difference from the experimental results; hence it is not suitable for breakthrough curve analysis. These results significantly impact dynamic kinetics studies and breakthrough curve characteristic analysis in membrane bed chromatography.
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Rajeshkannan, R., M. Rajasimman und N. Rajamohan. „Packed bed column studies for the removal of dyes using novel sorbent“. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 19, Nr. 4 (2013): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq120407081r.
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A continuous fixed bed study was carried out by using tamarind seed as a sorbent for the removal of malachite green (MG) and acid blue 9(AB9) from aqueous solution. The effect of factors, such as flow rate and bed depth was studied. Data confirmed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on flow rate and bed depth. Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models were applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves using non-linear regression and to determine the characteristic parameters of the packed bed column. Bed depth/service time analysis (BDST) model was used to express the effect of bed depth on breakthrough curves. The results showed that Thomas model was found suitable for the normal description of breakthrough curve at the experimental condition, while Adams-Bohart and Yoon-Nelson model were able to explain only the initial part of dynamic behaviour of the tamarind seed column. The data were in good agreement with BDST model. It was concluded that the tamarind seed can be effectively used as a sorbent for the removal of dyes.
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Nedoma, Marek, Marek Staf und Jan Hrdlička. „Experimental and simulation study of CO2 breakthrough curves in a fixed-bed adsorption process“. Acta Polytechnica 62, Nr. 3 (30.06.2022): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2022.62.0370.
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This paper focuses on the laboratory experiments of low-temperature adsorption of CO2 at elevated pressure and on the validation of our mathematical model with the data obtained. The numerical approach uses fitting of adsorption isotherm parameters and sensitivity analysis of parameters influencing the breakthrough curve shape and onset time. We first evaluate the results of breakthrough experiments for zeolite 13X. Then, we use the results obtained to design a dynamic mathematical model to predict the breakthrough curve profile. Experimental results show that zeolite 13X possesses high adsorption capacities (over 10 % of its weight at adsorption temperatures of 293 K and below), as expected. The mathematical simulation was accurate at predicting the breakthrough onset time; however, this prediction accuracy declined with the outlet CO2 concentration exceeding 75 %, which is discussed. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the choice of different estimates of mass transport and bed porosity, as well as the choice of numerical scheme, can lead to a more accurate prediction, but the same set of parameters is not suitable for all process conditions.
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Kamble, Manisha G., Milind D. Nagrale, Ankit A. Kamdi, Sunil K. Deokar und Sachin A. Mandavgane. „Packed column dynamic studies and breakthrough curve analysis for adsorption of paraquat herbicide onto agroindustrial ashes“. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 83 (2017): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21043.
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Kumpanenko, I. V., N. A. Ivanova, M. V. Dyubanov, O. V. Shapovalova, A. A. Solov’yanov und A. V. Roshchin. „Analysis of Breakthrough Curves of Dynamic Adsorptive Removal of Pollutants from Water“. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 13, Nr. 2 (März 2019): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990793119020040.
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Appiah-Brempong, Miriam, Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh, Nana Yaw Asiedu und Francis Yao Momade. „Bone Char Adsorption of COD and Colour from Tannery Wastewater: Breakthrough Curve Analysis and Fixed Bed Dynamic Modelling“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2024 (20.02.2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6651094.
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This study delves into the simultaneous adsorption of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour from tannery wastewater using bone char through a fixed bed column. The bone char, which was derived from cattle skulls, was characterised using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Braeuer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and the scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effects of different process conditions, specifically, packed bed height (5, 10, and 15 cm) and flow rate (2, 5, and 8 mL/min), on the adsorption efficiency of the fixed bed column were assessed through breakthrough curve analysis. The results revealed that the efficiency of the column bed enhanced with increasing bed height and declined with increasing wastewater flow rate. The optimal operating conditions for COD and colour removal onto the bone char occurred at 15 cm bed height and 2 mL/min flow rate. The adsorption capacities at these conditions were 227.4 mg/g and 53.03 Pt-Co/g for COD and colour, respectively. The kinetics associated with the fixed bed adsorption of COD and colour onto bone char were elucidated through the fitting of the Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models to the experimental data. Among the three models, the Yoon–Nelson model gave the best prediction of the experimental data. Maximum adsorption efficiencies of 80.65% and 84% were attained for COD and colour removal, respectively, proving that bone char is a promising and ecologically friendly alternative adsorbent for the treatment of tannery wastewater.
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Tejada-Tovar, Candelaria, Angel Villabona-Ortíz und Ángel Darío González-Delgado. „Dynamic Removal of Nickel (II) on Elaeis guineensis Waste Bed: Study of the Breakage Curve and Simulation“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 24 (12.12.2022): 16668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416668.
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This research focused on the use of residual fiber from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) for Ni (II) adsorption in a packed bed column. An analysis was conducted on the effect and statistical incidence of changes in temperature, adsorbent particle size, and bed height on the adsorption process. The results showed that particle size and bed height significantly affect the adsorption of Ni (II) ions, reaching adsorption efficiencies between 87.24 and 99.86%. A maximum adsorption capacity of 13.48 mg/g was obtained in the bed with a break time of 180 min. The Ni (II) adsorption in the dynamic system was evaluated by the analysis of the breakage curve with different theoretical models: Yoon–Nelson, dose–response, and Adams–Bohart; the dose–response model was the most appropriate to describe the behavior of the packed bed with an R2 of 84.56%. The breakthrough curve obtained from Aspen Adsorption® appropriately describes the experimental data with an R2 of 0.999. These results indicate that the evaluated bioadsorbent can be recommended for the elimination of Ni (II) in aqueous solutions in a dynamic system, and the simulation of the process can be a tool for the scalability of the process.
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Dolatyari, Leila, Mohammad Reza Yaftian und Sadegh Rostamnia. „Fixed-bed column dynamic studies and breakthrough curve analysis of Eu(III) ion adsorption onto chemically modified SBA-15 silica materials“. Separation Science and Technology 52, Nr. 3 (28.11.2016): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1250781.
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Bahrun, Mohd Hardyianto Vai, Awang Bono, Nur Kamaliyah Dzilrazman und Zykamilia Kamin. „Recovery of Minor Palm Oil Compounds Using Packed Bed Adsorption Column“. Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 9, Nr. 1 (20.06.2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v9i1.23461.
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Carotene and tocopherol are valuable products that exist as minor compounds in palm oil and mostly extracted out during many stages of palm oil processing. Hence, most of it ended up in wastewater or palm oil mill effluent (POME). Fortunately, adsorption is potentially one of the most efficient method as compared to the others. In fact, it is widely studied in laboratory scale, in order to obtain equilibrium data for the steady state system. However, industrial practices are mostly operated in unsteady state in a continuous manner. Consequently, this study is executed to design a recovery process of one of the minor compounds in palm oil mill effluent (POME), which is carotene, using silica gel. It aims to predict the dynamic adsorption of recovery of minor compounds from palm oil mill effluent based on available equilibrium data, investigate the effects of dynamic and physical properties of the system towards the process by analyzing the breakthrough curve and study the feasibility of the scale up process by performing a sensitivity analysis on the system. Then, a base simulation was prepared by using available equilibrium data. Operating and design parameters such as, bed height, inlet flowrate and concentration were manipulated. Consistent with previous packed column studies, increase flow and concentration will reduce the time required for the column to achieve saturation, while increase bed height effects were vice versa. Finally, the last objective to achieve was to study the practicality of the packed bed column and perform a sensitivity on assumptions and predictions such as predicted mass transfer coefficient and isotherm model. It is proven that the selection of isotherm model and prediction in coefficient did not pose a large impact to the breakthrough curve and the average time required for the column of 1.5 m tall and 0.8 in diameter, to reach breakthrough time is 1.7 days. Hence, it can be concluded that adsorption technology using silica gel as its adsorbent can be applied is recovering minor compounds in palm oil mills.
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Hanami, Zarah Arwieny, und Puji Lestari. „Characterization and Application of Mangosteen Peel Activated Carbon for Ammonia Gas Removal“. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, Nr. 4 (10.06.2021): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2020298.
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Mangosteen peel can be used as an activated carbon precursor because of its high lignin content and hardness. In this study, mangosteen peel activated carbon (MP-AC) was prepared by a physical activation method using CO2 at 850°C. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis was used to assess the optimal activation time to identify the largest surface area. The properties of MP-AC were characterized by the SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses. The results showed that MP-AC obtained from the 120-minute activation time had the largest BET specific surface area of 588.41 m2/g and was selected as an adsorbent in the dynamic adsorption of ammonia gas. The values of moisture content, ash content, and iodine number of MP-AC were 6.07%, 9.8%, and 1153.69 mg/g, respectively. Breakthrough curve indicated that with lower inlet concentration and higher adsorbent mass, longer breakthrough time is reached. Equilibrium data was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm, while the pseudo-first order kinetic model favorably described the adsorption kinetics. The results revealed a potential to utilize MP-AC as an adsorbent for ammonia gas removal with average NH3 adsorption capacity of 0.41 mg/g.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Dynamic breakthrough curve analysis"
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Al, Atrach Jaouad. „Advanced design οf zeοlitic materials fοr the adsοrptiοn/separatiοn οf CΟ2, Ν2, and CΗ4 mοlecules“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC234.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’optimisation des matériaux zéolithiques à petits pores dans le butd'améliorer leur capacité d'adsorption du CO2 et leur efficacité en séparation des gaz. Dans cecontexte, cette étude se concentre sur l'amélioration des performances des zéolithes à traversl'échange ionique, le contrôle de la taille des cristaux et la synthèse de nouveaux adsorbants. Deszéolithes de type Gismondine (GIS) échangées avec des cations Mg2+ ont été synthétiséesdémontrant une meilleure sélectivités pour CO2/N2 et CO2/CH4 grâce à un échange cationiquespartiel avec Mg2+, ce qui influencé la distorsion de la structure et renforcé à la capacité la sélectivité,mettant en avant leur potentiel pour des applications pratiques de capture du CO2. Une méthode desynthèse assistée par graines a été adaptée pour produire des zéolithes P (GIS) de taillenanométrique améliorant de façon notable la cinétique d’adsorption du CO2 en réduisant leslimitations de diffusion plus rapide, issue d’un mécanisme de diffusion intra-cristalline, a conduità des performances accrues dans la séparation dynamique des gaz, dépassant ainsi celle deszéolithes de taille micrométrique. Les zéolithes Levyne (LEV) sont également introduites danscette thèse comme de nouveaux candidats pour l’adsorption du CO2, où un contrôle rigoureux durapport Si/Al et l’usage des graines de taille nanométrique ont permis un ajustement précis dupropriétés d’adsorption. L’étude met en avant l’importance du rapport Si/Al dans l’optimisation dela sélectivité et de la capacité d’adsorption du CO2 ainsi que du comportementadsorption−désorption positionnant la zéolithe LEV comme un matériau prometteur pour laséparation du gaz. Ces résultats illustrent comment du techniques de synthèse adoptées, associéesà l’optimisation de l’échange cationique, au contrôle de la taille cristalline et l’ajustement durapport Si/Al, peuvent significativement améliorer les performances des zéolithes dans lestechnologies de capture du carbone et la séparation des gaz à haute efficacité énergétiqueThis thesis is dedicated to optimizing small-pore zeolite materials for efficient CO2 adsorption andgas separation. The work focuses on improving zeolite performance through cation exchange,crystal size control, and the synthesis of novel adsorbents. Mg-exchanged Gismondine (GIS)zeolites were synthesized, demonstrating enhanced CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities due to partialcation exchange with Mg2+, which influenced the framework distortion and improved bothadsorption capacity and selectivity, underscoring their potential for practical carbon captureapplications. A seed-assisted synthesis method was also employed to develop nanosized zeolite P(GIS), which significantly improved CO2 adsorption kinetics by reducing diffusion limitations,with faster diffusion resulting from an intracrystalline diffusion mechanism. This superior diffusionwithin the nanosized zeolites led to enhanced performance in dynamic gas separation compared totheir micron-sized counterparts. The thesis also introduces Levyne (LEV) zeolites as novelcandidates for CO2 adsorption, where careful control of the Si/Al ratio and the use of nanosizedseeds allowed for precise tuning of adsorption properties. The study highlights the critical role ofthe Si/Al ratio in optimizing CO2 selectivity, uptake, and adsorption−desorption behaviour,establishing LEV as a promising material for gas separation. These findings demonstrate howtailored synthesis methods, cation exchange optimization, crystal size control, and Si/Al ratioadjustment can significantly enhance the performance of zeolite-based materials in carbon captureand energy-efficient gas separation technologies
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Kim, Yunmi. „Essays on time series models with dynamic coefficients in macroeconomics and finance /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7379.
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Tahir, Haseeb. „Development of Fragility Curve Database for Multi-Hazard Performance Based Design“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71794.
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There is a need to develop efficient multi-hazard performance based design (PBD) tools to analyze and optimize buildings at a preliminary stage of design. The first step was to develop a database and it is supported by five major contributions: 1) development of nomenclature of variables in PBD; 2) creation of mathematical model to fit data; 3) collection of data; 4) identification of gaps and methods for filling data in PBD; 5) screening of soil, foundation, structure, and envelope (SFSE) combinations.. A unified nomenclature was developed with the collaboration of a multi-disciplinary team to navigate through the PBD. A mathematical model for incremental dynamic analysis was developed to fit the existing data in the database in a manageable way. Three sets of data were collected to initialize the database: 1) responses of structures subjected to hazard; 2) fragility curves; 3) consequence functions. Fragility curves were critically analyzed to determine the source and the process of development of the curves, but structural analysis results and consequence functions were not critically analyzed due to lack of similarities between the data and background information respectively. Gaps in the data and the methods to fill them were identified to lay out the path for the completion of the database. A list of SFSE systems applicable to typical midrise office buildings was developed. Since the database did not have enough data to conduct PBD calculations, engineering judgement was used to screen SFSE combinations to identify the potential combinations for detailed analysis. Through these five contributions this thesis lays the foundation for the development of a database for multi- hazard PBD and identifies potential future work in this area.Master of Science
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Bélec, Gilbert. „Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings In Canada“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34301.
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Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures have shown tobe susceptible to significant
damage during strong earthquakes. Vulnerability assessment of URM buildings is needed so that appropriate mitigation strategies can be implemented. The existing Canadian practice consists of rapid seismic screening of buildings to assign priorities for further and more refined assessments, followed by refined analysis of individual critical buildings. The current seismic screening procedure, from 1992, is based on qualitative observations of seismic vulnerability, enabling the assignment of seismic priority indices, quantified on the basis of expert opinion and experience. More refined tools are needed for seismic vulnerability assessment of URM buildings in Canada, based on the current Canadian
seismic hazard values. The objective of the research project is to fulfill these needs by
developing fragility curves that provide a probabilistic assessment of different levels of
building performance under different intensities ofeastern and western seismicity.
Using an inventory of over 50,000 structures, a seismic assessment of typical low-rise and
mid-rise URM structures located in eastern and western Canada was carried out. The
required analyses were done using applied element method software which effectively
modeled the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of masonry walls. Using incremental
dynamic analysis, fragility curves were developed to reflect the capacity of URM
structures with a wide variety of selected structural and ground motion parameters. The
results were verified against available fragility information in the literature. They show the significance of selected parameters, while providing effective tools for seismic
vulnerability assessment of URM buildings in eastern and western Canada.
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Al, Mamun Abdullah. „Seismic Damage Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings in Canada“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36188.
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The emphasis on seismic design and assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure has shifted from force-based to performance-based design and assessment to accommodate strength and ductility for required performance of building. RC frame structure may suffer different levels of damage under seismic-induced ground motions, with potentials for formation of hinges in structural elements, depending on the level of stringency in design. Thus it is required to monitor the seismic behaviour and performance of buildings, which depend on the structural system, year of construction and the level of irregularities in the structural system. It is the objective of the current research project to assess seismic performance of RC frame buildings in Canada, while developing fragility curves as analytical tools for such assessment. This was done through dynamic inelastic analysis by modelling selected building structures and using PERFORM-3D as analysis software, while employing incremental dynamic analysis to generate performance data under incrementally increasing seismic intensity of selected earthquake records. The results lead to probabilistic tools to assess the performance of buildings designed following the National Building Code of Canada in different years of construction with and without irregularities. The research consists of three phases; i) regular buildings designed after 1975, ii) regular buildings designed prior to 1975, and iii) irregular buildings designed prior to 1975. The latter two phases address older buildings prior to the development of modern seismic building codes. All three phases were carried out by selecting and designing buildings in Ottawa, representing the seismic region in eastern Canada, as well as buildings in Vancouver, representing the seismic region in western Canada. Buildings had three heights (2; 5; and 10-stories) to cover a wide range of building periods encountered in practice. The resulting fragility curves indicated that the older buildings showed higher probabilities of exceeding life safety and/or collapse prevention performance levels. Newer buildings showed higher probabilities of exceeding target performance levels in western Canada than those located in the east.
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Marashdeh, Wajeeh. „Relaxation Behavior and Electrical Properties of Polyimide/Graphene Nanocomposite“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595850361812632.
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Lloyd, Simon Phillip. „An analysis of monetary policy transmission through bond yields“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270003.
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In this thesis, I study the transmission of monetary policy through the term structure of interest rates. This is an important topic because, with short-term nominal interest rates in many advanced economies close to their effective lower bound since 2008-2009, central banks have used `unconventional' monetary policies, such as large-scale asset purchases and forward guidance, to stimulate macroeconomic activity by, inter alia, placing downward pressure on longer-term interest rates. I focus on the mechanisms through which monetary policy influences bond yields, domestically and globally, with reference to a canonical decomposition of longer-term interest rates into expectations of future short-term interest rates, and term premia. After an introduction in chapter 1, chapter 2 appraises the use of overnight indexed swap (OIS) rates as measures of expected future monetary policy. Unlike federal funds futures (FFFs), which have regularly been used to construct measures of US interest rate expectations, OIS rates are available in many countries. I find that US OIS rates provide measures of interest rate expectations that are as good as those from FFFs, and that US, UK, Eurozone and Japanese OIS rates up to a 2-year horizon tend to accurately measure interest rate expectations, providing comparable cross-country measures of monetary policy expectations. In chapter 3, I propose a novel method for estimating interest rate expectations and term premia at short and long-term horizons: a no-arbitrage Gaussian affine dynamic term structure model (GADTSM) augmented with OIS rates. Using 3 to 24-month OIS rates, the OIS-augmented model generates estimates of the expected path of short-term interest rates out to a 10-year horizon that closely correspond to those implied by FFFs rates and survey expectations, outperforming existing GADTSMs. I study the transmission of US unconventional monetary policies in chapter 4. Using the OIS-augmented GADTSM, I carry out an event study to demonstrate that US unconventional monetary policy announcements between November 2008 and April 2013 did significantly reduce US longer-term interest rates by affecting expectations and term premia. As a result of these declines, unconventional monetary policies aided US real economic outcomes. Using a structural vector autoregression, I show that changes in interest rate expectations, linked to monetary policy signalling, had more expansionary effects on US real economic outcomes than changes in term premia, associated with portfolio rebalancing. Chapter 5 assesses the international transmission of monetary policy through the term structure of interest rates between advanced economies. I present a micro-founded, two-country model with endogenous portfolio choice amongst country-specific short and long-term bonds, and equity. Within the model, US monetary policy has sizeable effects on longer-term interest rates in other advanced economies, which are similar to empirical estimates. Using the OIS-augmented GADTSM in an event study, I show that US monetary policy has led to changes in interest rate expectations in other advanced economies that amplify global spillovers, which have been partly mitigated by changes in term premia through portfolio rebalancing.
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Teepakorn, Chalore. „Numerical simulation and experimental study of membrane chromatography for biomolecule separation“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10299/document.
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La chromatographie membranaire est une alternative à la chromatographie classique sur résine basée sur le transport convectif des solutés à travers une membrane microporeuse plutôt que par le transport diffusif des solutés dans les particules de résines. Cette technique présente les avantages de diminuer les phénomènes de diffusion, de réduire les temps de séjour et les pertes de charge, et de permettre la purification rapide de quantités importantes de molécules. La chromatographie membranaire connaît un fort succès commercial. Une gamme importante de membranes chromatographiques mettant en jeu différents mécanismes de rétention (échange d’ions, affinité, etc.) et différentes géométries (feuille, spirale, etc.) est actuellement commercialisée. Malgré ce succès, différents aspects relatifs à la chromatographie membranaire restent mal connus. Cette thèse de doctorat se propose de répondre à certaines questions relatives à cette techniqueMembrane chromatography (MC) is an alternative to traditional resin packed columns chromatography. The solute mass transport in the membrane occurs in convective through-pores rather than in stagnant fluid inside the pores of the resins particles, which is limited by the slow diffusive transport. MC offers the main advantage of reducing diffusion phenomena, shorter residence time and lowered pressures drops, and thus, facilitates rapid purification of large quantities of molecules. A wide range of chromatographic membranes involving different molecules retention mechanisms (ion exchange, affinity, etc...) is now commercialized. Despite their success, the influence of the geometry of the membrane chromatography devices remains relatively unexplored from a theoretical point of view. This doctoral thesis is aimed to clarify some ambiguous points related to this technique
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Labounková, Ivana. „Analýza dynamiky kreslení“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221362.
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This thesis is focused on the dynamic drawing analysis. It deals with tracing drawing tests that can be applied for the analysis. It also deals with method for temporal segmentation of emerging drawings and also vectorization of resulted segments of drawings.
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Escobar, Valencia Esteban Julio. „Mise au point et exploitation d'une nouvelle technique pour la reconnaisance des sols : le PANDA 3“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22570/document.
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Ce travail présente les développements récents réalisés sur le pénétromètre PANDA 3. Il s'agit d'un pénétromètre dynamique instrumenté qui permet à partir de la mesure puis du découplage des ondes créées par l’impact sur l’appareil, d’obtenir pour chaque coup une courbe charge-enfoncement σp-sp du sol ausculté. L’exploitation de cette courbe permet de déterminer des paramètres de résistance (résistance de pointe qd), de déformation (module dynamique Ed P3), des caractéristiques d’amortissement Js et de célérité d'ondes (CsP3 et CpP3) des sols auscultés en fonction de la profondeur tout au long du sondage. Cependant, et bien que la méthode soit très intéressante, celle-ci est restée au stade d’un prototype de laboratoire. Il est donc nécessaire de réaliser une étude plus approfondie sur l'essai lui-même et sur l’information contenue dans la courbe σp-sp en vue de fiabiliser la mesure et d’améliorer son exploitation. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons un bref aperçu sur les techniques de reconnaissance géotechnique et plus particulièrement celle des essais de pénétration dynamique. Le principe général du PANDA 3 est également présenté. La deuxième partie est consacrée au développement d'un nouveau prototype de pénétromètre PANDA 3. Ce développement s’appuie sur plusieurs études visant à valider la qualité des informations recueillies, leur bonne reproductibilité et le traitement des signaux d’acquisition. De même, un modèle numérique discret du battage pénétrométrique développé à l’aide du logiciel Particle Flow Code (Itasca) est présenté permettant de valider la technique de mesure. La troisième partie traite d'une étude comparative des résultats obtenus avec le PANDA 3 et d’autres techniques d'auscultation in situ afin de valider les résultats obtenus et l’utilisation de l’appareil dans des conditions réelles. Par ailleurs l’extension de cette technique de mesure au cas des pénétromètres lourds est appliquée dans le but de mesurer l'énergie transmise et d’étalonner le système de battage. Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à l'interprétation et l'exploitation des signaux en pointe afin d'affiner le modèle d'interprétation de la courbe charge-enfoncement. L'analyse de l'ensemble des signaux enregistrés au laboratoire a permis d’approcher une méthodologie d'exploitation de la courbe. L'application de la méthode proposée a été réalisée pour différents sols aussi bien au laboratoire que sur le terrain. Les résultats obtenus ont été confrontés avec d'autres types d’essaisThis work presents the recent developments made on the penetrometer PANDA®3. The instrumented dynamic penetrometer allowing, from the measurement and the decoupling of waves created by the impact, to obtain the load-penetration curve σp-sp of the soil. The exploitation of this curve allows determining the failure parameter (tip resistance qd), deformation (dynamic modulus EdP3), damping characteristics (Js) and wave speed (CsP3 and CpP3) of the investigated soil according to depth all along the sounding. However, although the proposed method is very interesting, it has remained at the stage of a laboratory prototype. It is therefore necessary to conduct a more thorough study of the test itself and the information provided from the σp-sp curve in order to obtain reliable measurement and improve their exploitation. First of all, we are presenting a brief overview of the geotechnical in-situ testing particularly that of the dynamic penetration tests as well as the general principle of PANDA 3 is presented. The second part is devoted to the development of a new prototype of the PANDA 3 penetrometer. This development is based on several studies aiming at validating the quality of the information, good reproducibility and treatment of the acquisition signals. Similarly, a discrete numerical model of the penetrometer developed using the Particle Flow Code software (Itasca) is presented to validate the measurement technique. The third part deals with a comparative study of the results obtained with the PANDA 3 and other in situ investigation techniques to validate the obtained results and the use of the device in real conditions. Moreover, the extension of this measurement technique in the case of heavy penetrometer is applied in order to measure the transmitted energy and to calibrate the driving system. The last part is devoted to refining the interpretation and exploitation of the load-penetration curve. The analysis of all the signals recorded in the laboratory allowed to approach a methodology of curve exploitation. The application of the proposed method was carried out for different soils both in the laboratory and on field. The results were confronted with other types of tests
Bücher zum Thema "Dynamic breakthrough curve analysis"
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National Center for Environmental Assessment (Washington, D.C.) und United States. Environmental Protection Agency, Hrsg. The QTRACER program for tracer-breakthrough curve analysis for karst and fractured-rock aquifers. Washington, DC: National Center for Environmental Assessment--Washington Office, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999.
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Field, Malcolm S. The QTRACER2 program for tracer-breakthrough curve analysis for tracer tests in karstic aquifers and other hydrologic systems. Washington, DC: National Center for Environmental Assessment--Washington Office, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.
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Williams, Keith. James Joyce and Cinematicity. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474402484.001.0001.
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This book investigates how the cinematic tendency of Joyce’s writing developed from popular media predating film. It explores Victorian culture’s emergent 'cinematicity' as a key creative driver of Joyce’s experimental fiction, showing how his style and themes share the cinematograph’s roots in Victorian optical entertainment and science. The book’s scope reveals and elucidates Joyce's references to optical toys, shadowgraphs, magic lanterns, panoramas, photographic analysis and film peepshows; while abundant close analysis shows how his techniques elaborated and critiqued their effects on modernity’s ‘media-cultural imaginary’, making Joyce’s writing appear in advance of the narrative forms of early film itself. The introduction historicises the visual culture during Joyce’s youth, as well as optical science, Dublin’s first screenings and the context of his Volta Cinematograph. Chapter 1 focuses on the key role of magic lantern themes and techniques in Dubliners’ breakthrough into Modernist style and form. Chapter 2 how experiments in photographic analysis and reanimation of movement furnished a model for Joyce’s representation of the dynamic development of consciousness through the three versions of A Portrait of the Artist. Chapter 3 demonstrates how Joyce created a literary equivalent to the moving panorama in Ulysses, providing an influential template for immersive representations of the city in both Modernist fiction and film. Finally, a Coda qualifies ‘radiophonic’ readings of Finnegans Wake arguing instead that it extends Joyce’s interest in the history and future of cinematicity, through ‘verbal dissolves’ and engaging with the emergent medium of television.
Buchteile zum Thema "Dynamic breakthrough curve analysis"
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Baroni, M., G. Congiu, A. Bimbo, A. Evangelisti und E. Vicario. „Symbolic indexing of cardiological sequences through dynamic curve representations“. In Image Analysis and Processing, 621–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60298-4_323.
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Ishikawa, Toshiharu. „Market Analysis Using the Contact Price Curve“. In Dynamic Locational Phases of Economic Activity in the Globalized World, 49–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0524-4_3.
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Di Bella, Edward V. R., und Arkadiusz Sitek. „Time Curve Analysis Techniques for Dynamic Contrast MRI Studies“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 211–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45729-1_22.
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Kuo, Wen-Chung. „Security Analysis of “A Novel Elliptic Curve Dynamic Access Control System”“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10240-0_1.
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Polemis, Michael L. „Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Dynamic Panel VAR Analysis“. In Money, Trade and Finance, 237–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73219-6_12.
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McWhirter, Paul R., Sean Wright, Iain A. Steele, Dhiya Al-Jumeily, Abir Hussain und Paul Fergus. „A Dynamic, Modular Intelligent-Agent Framework for Astronomical Light Curve Analysis and Classification“. In Intelligent Computing Theories and Application, 820–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42291-6_81.
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Bi, Zhongqin, Yabin Leng, Zhe Liu, Yongbin Li und Stelios Fuentes. „An Improved Spectral Clustering Algorithm Using Fast Dynamic Time Warping for Power Load Curve Analysis“. In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 143–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64214-3_10.
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Zainab, N. A. N., N. Amirah, W. H. Tan, W. Faridah, A. M. Andrew und S. Ragunathan. „Development of Fragility Curve of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Different Height Based on Dynamic Analysis“. In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 639–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0866-7_54.
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Cui, Jialin, Lijuan Li, Meng Zhang, Hongbing Liu und Xianqiang Qu. „Dynamic Response Analysis of Floating Nuclear Power Plant Containment Under Marine Environment“. In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 609–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_53.
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AbstractFloating nuclear containment is in a harsher environment than conventional onshore nuclear containment. In view of the Marine environment under the condition of floating nuclear power plant containment structure safety, combined water dynamics and structural mechanics, considering the containment response under random movement of hull in the Marine environment, the influence of the containment structure load calculation, thus checking containment when working in pile structure safety, provide theoretical basis for the safe operation of floating nuclear power plants. In this paper, taking a floating nuclear power plant as an example, ANSYS 2021R1, Workbench, Fluent and other software of finite element analysis are used to conduct fatigue simulation of floating nuclear power plant. The time course curve of the 6-dof motion of the ship’s center of gravity is obtained, then, a remote displacement method is adopted to transfer the hull motion to the containment vessel to realize the numerical simulation of the containment vessel movement with the hull, thus to solve maximum normal stress and strain, the maximum load component of containment bearing under the action of Marine environmental load is obtained. The results show that the maximum stress and strain of the vessel increase obviously in the moving state compared with the static state of the vessel, which indicates that the random motion response of the vessel must be considered in the structural safety analysis of the floating nuclear power plant containment.
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Lei, Zhu, Yang Xin, Yao Liping und Sun Kun. „Three Dimensional Reconstruction and Dynamic Analysis of Mitral Annular Based on Connected Equi-length Curve Angle Chain“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 298–306. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77413-6_38.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Dynamic breakthrough curve analysis"
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Tarantini, Vincenzo, Cristian Albertini, Hana Tfaili, Andrea Pirondelli und Francesco Bigoni. „Carbonate Karstified Oil Fields Geological Prediction and Dynamic Simulation Through Equivalent Relative Permeability Curves“. In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207462-ms.
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Abstract Karst systems heterogeneity may become a nightmare for reservoir modelers in predicting presence, spatial distribution, impact on formation petrophysical characteristics, and particularly in dynamic behaviour prediction. Moreover, the very high resolution required to describe in detail the phenomena does not reconcile with the geo-cellular model resolution typically used for reservoir simulation. The scope of the work is to present an effective approach to predict karst presence and model it dynamically. Karst presence recognition started from the analysis of anomalous well behaviour and potential sources of precursors (logs, drilling evidence, etc.) to derive concepts for karst reservoir model. This first demanding step implies then characterizing each cell classified as karstified in terms of petrophysical parameters. In a two-phase flow, karst brings to fast travelling of water which leaves the matrix almost unswept. This feature was characterized through dedicated fine simulations, leading to an upscaling of relative permeability curves for a single porosity formulation. The workflow was applied to a carbonate giant field with a long production history under waterflood development. Firstly, a machine learning algorithm was trained to recognize karst features based on log response, seismic attributes, and well dynamic evidence, then a karst probability volume was generated and utilized to predict the karst presence in the field. Karst characterization just in terms of porosity and permeability is sufficient to model the reservoir when still in single phase, however it fails to reproduce observed water production. Karst provides a high permeability path for water transport: classical history match approaches, such as the introduction of permeability multipliers, proved to be ineffective in reproducing the water breakthrough timing and growth rate. In fact, the reservoir consists of two systems, matrix, and karst: however, the karst is less known and laboratory analysis shows relative permeability only for the matrix medium. The introduction of equivalent or pseudo-relative permeability curves, accounting for both the media, was crucial for correct modelling of the reservoir underlying dynamics, allowing a proper reproduction of water breakthrough timing and water cut (WCT) trends. The implementation of a dedicated pseudo relative permeability curve dedicated to karstified cells allowed to replicate early water arrival, thus bringing to a correct prediction of oil and water rates, also highlighting the presence of bypassed oil associated with water circuiting, particularly in presence of highly karstified cells.
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Taghavi, Soheila, Seyed Amin Tahami, Haavard Aakre, Nora C. I. Furuvik und Britt M. E. Moldestad. „Performance Analysis of Autonomous Inflow Control Valve in a Heterogenous Reservoir Using CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215153-ms.
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Abstract CO2 flooding is a proven method to mobilize the immobile oil in the reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Using CO2 for EOR has been commercially used for several decades in onshore and offshore oil fields in North America, Canada, and Brazil. The injection of CO2 will both improve oil recovery and contribute significantly to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Breakthrough and direct reproduction of CO2, and production of corrosive carbonated water are among the challenges with CO2 EOR projects. Breakthrough of CO2 leads to poor distribution of CO2 in the reservoir and low CO2 storage. Carbonated water production results in corrosion of process equipment on the platform. Autonomous inflow control valve (AICV) is capable of autonomously restricting the reproduction of CO2 from the zones with CO2 breakthrough, and at the same time produce oil from the other zones with high oil saturation. In addition, AICV can reduce the production of carbonated water. The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of AICV on oil production in a heterogeneous reservoir where CO2 is injected for EOR. The AICV performance is simulated with a dynamic reservoir simulator in a CO2 EOR oil reservoir. AICV restricts the inflow of unwanted fluids such as pure water, gas, carbonated water, and pure CO2. To achieve the objective, experiments and simulations are conducted. Experiments are carried out with realistic reservoir fluids to generate single phase flow performance curves for AICV and for an orifice type inflow control device (ICD). Simulations are performed using CMG STARS, which is a multi-phase, multi-component reservoir simulator. The performance of AICV is evaluated and compared with perforated casing completion. The experimental results confirm the significant benefit of AICV regarding water and CO2 reduction compared to ICD. Under the same conditions and at a given differential pressure, AICV compared to ICD, reduces the water and CO2 volume flow rate by approximately 58% and 82%, respectively. Experimental AICV performance curves are used to generate the flow control device (FCD) tables in CMG STARS. The FCD tables are used to simulate the AICV behavior. The simulation results indicate that AICV reduces the water cut significantly. The cumulative water production is reduced by approximately 25% by using AICVs compared to the perforated casing completion. Indeed, reduction in carbonated water production will minimize the recirculation of CO2. Also, reduction in production of carbonated water will mitigate the problem related to the corrosion of the producing wells and process equipment on the platform. In addition, simulation results show that the AICV completion delivers the highest cumulative oil production after five years of production. From the environmental aspects, utilizing AICV in CO2 EOR projects will contribute significantly to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. A better distribution of CO2 in the reservoir contributes to a larger storage capacity and thereby more CO2 storage.
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Gupta, Susheel Kumar, Jai Singh, Aleksandar Rudic, Agnes Tan, Daxter Chua, Kim Fah Gordon Goh und Abhinandan Tripathi. „A Breakthrough in Completion Technology—Development of Interventionless Hydrostatic-Set Isolation Packer for High-Pressure, Ultradeep Well“. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23033-ms.
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Abstract An ultradeep well, as commonly drilled in the Gulf of Mexico, can run up to 35,000 ft of total depth. The pressure at such depths is extremely high, at approximately 22,500 psi. These wells require highly specialized rigs with expensive day rates; therefore, a significant part of the cost to drill and complete a well is the rig time. As such, minimizing the rig time results in significant cost savings. Often, these wells have a high deviation angle and "S" curve, placing the completion packers at the limits of wireline access. Therefore, completion planning is critical for a successful well completion execution and to reduce the rig time and operational risks. One way to eliminate multiple trips is to set the packer using interventionless methods. Many commercial products are available with designs using hydrostatic setting by means of atmospheric chamber(s), pressure pulse telemetry, and hydro-mechanical-chemical devices. However, these are not designed for the pressure demands of ultradeep wells. After careful consideration of the available products, a new high-performance, modular, removable, interventionless high-pressure-rated production packer that conforms with API SPEC 11D1 (2009) V0 validation grade was developed. Under a tight development schedule, the new product was developed to meet the needs of ultradeep well completions. The packer comprises slips for anchoring and elastomeric elements to provide a sealing capability for zonal isolation. A packer setting module was developed to be attached to the bottom of the packer and set the packer by enabling a fixed volume of high-pressure control fluid to flow from the packer setting chamber to the atmospheric chamber through an intricate flow conduit. An analytical calculation was performed to estimate the resistance coefficient for each feature of the flow conduit, which helped to calculate the macro-level flow characteristics (flow rate, overall packer setting time, and setting piston speed) and the micro-level flow characteristics (Reynolds number, differential pressure, kinetic head, and head losses at steady-state conditions) as well as to optimize the setting mechanism design. The same characteristics for transient flow were evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. An experimental proof-of-concept test was conducted on a small-scale version of the flow conduit and, to understand and validate the analytical flow behavior prediction and further optimize the flow conduit, an in-situ high-speed data-acquisition monitoring system was designed to record transient behavior at a high rate of 20,000 samples per second. The measured characteristics from the experimental test matched well with the analytical calculations and CFD analysis. Component-level testing was conducted on the packer element to verify element integrity at 15,000- and 20,000-psi isolation differential pressures. The component-level test was successful, enabling further rigorous testing per API SPEC 11D1 (2009) V0 validation grade, and the packer was successfully set at hydrostatic pressures of 5,000 and 27,500 psi and was validated for the full operating envelope in the unplugged condition, with an isolation differential pressure of 15,000 psi and an axial load of 600,000 lbf in a temperature range from 100 to 300°F. As a result, a breakthrough in technology was achieved by developing a high-pressure hydrostatic packer providing interventionless zonal isolation for an ultradeep well.
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Chong, Emeline, und Derric Shen Ong. „Automated Selection of Completion Interval Workflow Using Python Script for Probabilistic Range of EUR in a Greenfield Development“. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21412-ms.
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Abstract In the greenfield development process, one of the key questions that needs to be answered is, "What is the range of EUR for a particular development concept and the associated completion method based on the existing range of subsurface uncertainties?" The key challenge then is how can the team forecast a representative range of EUR efficiently to obtain a range of results that represent a probabilistic outcome. During the reservoir modelling process of this case study, a total of 405 static realizations had been run and then a STOIIP S-curve was generated. In the next step, 20 cases each of "High, Mid and Low" static models were selected based on the S-curve distribution for the next phase of dynamic simulation due to time and resources constraint. In terms of completion, the same development concept and completion method is assumed, where each dynamic case requires 8 horizontal producing wells with 200 metres of completion interval. Wells placement aside, each of the 60 dynamic models should not have the same fixed perforation depths and intervals due to the geological uncertainties with regards to facies distribution and they need to be selected based on the well effective k-h and hydrocarbon saturation along each well trajectory. Manual work could be used to analyse the best intervals for each of the planned wells, or in this case, this laborious process was replaced with an automated selection of the optimum completion interval workflow using Python script. This paper will show the workflow of how a scripted Python code is designed to provide an "automated moving window" to find the best intervals along a well trajectory. This workflow was executed in the pre-processor of the dynamic simulator which has a workflow window with Python-embedded capability. The Python code then generated the simulation keyword COMPDATMD, which contained the best perforation intervals for all the wells as an output. This automated workflow resulted in an optimization of the completion intervals in all the 60 dynamic model cases, while the ultimate recovery for this greenfield development in Peninsula Malaysia increased by 30% compared to EUR from previously "unoptimized runs". This approach is managed to cut down the run preparation time by at least two weeks compared to the manual solution. The improved range of EUR is also considered as a more representative outcome of the field development evaluation. Utilizing emerging technology breakthrough such as ability to customize specific features via a programming language is important towards a successful era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). The results of this automated and customized workflow automation demonstrate a successful application of using machine learning for enhanced problem-solving in reservoir simulation.
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Youssef, AbdAllah A., Qi Shao und Stephan K. Matthäi. „Two-Step Upscaling of Sub-Seismic Geo-Heterogeneity with Flow-Rate-And Direction Dependent Saturation Functions“. In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212215-ms.
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Abstract Saturation distributions that ensue when supercritical CO2 is injected into heterogeneous porous sedimentary rocks depend on the local balance between viscous, gravitational, and capillary forces. This balance varies among different constituent rock types, and there is mounting evidence that this variation needs to be accounted for when modelling relative permeability and capillary pressure between capillary (CL) and viscous limit (VL) two-phase flow. Here we present field data-based numeric-simulation research upscaling such novel rate-dependent, directional functions to the permeability REV of the sedimentary rock to determine the injection behaviour of the fluvio-deltaic Parraatte formation at the CO2CRC's Otway International Test Centre, Australia. The flow of CO2-water along a high-resolution (0.05 m 1 m) vertical cross-section between two wells, spaced 640 meters apart is simulated and upscaled in two stages. The passage of the saturation front through the studied cross-section is analyzed for different line-drive rates, and dynamic drainage relative permeability curves are measured in REV scale sampling windows placed at different locations on the cross section. This analysis delivers full tensor-type dynamic relative permeability curves also accounting for buoyancy-driven flow. These REV scale functions are the macroscopic expression of unstable displacement, and heterogeneity-induced fingering of the CO2 phase, diminishing sweep and promoting early breakthrough at average saturations of 5-15%. The practical importance and workflow implications of these rate-dependent, tensorial saturation functions are explored.
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Arnold, R., F. J. Silitonga und A. Dewanto. „Advanced Reservoir Simulation to Underpin the Evaluation of Development Options for Tangguh Enhanced Gas Recovery“. In SPE Symposium and Exhibition - Production Enhancement and Cost Optimisation. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/220663-ms.
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Abstract Tangguh is a major gas development project, contributing approximately 35% to Indonesia's gas production. It produces lean gas containing 85-90% methane with CO2 levels up to 15%, which is currently emitted to the atmosphere after proper treatment. In its expansion, Tangguh incorporates an enhanced gas recovery (EGR) project, aiming to reinject 90% of the produced CO2 back into the subsurface. This serves as a carbon-capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) initiative with dual objectives: reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing gas recovery through pressure maintenance and gas displacement. This study focused on advanced reservoir simulation and subsurface uncertainty assessment for Tangguh EGR development planning. Following bp's principles of reservoir modeling and subsurface uncertainty and risk management, we developed fully compositional and integrated subsurface-network multi-field models for Tangguh EGR. The modeling process involved integrating industry-standard toolkits with comprehensive static and dynamic data. The models incorporated well-constrained geological models, a calibrated fluid model, measured relative permeability curves, representative well and surface network models, and continuous production data. We identified key subsurface uncertainties potentially influencing EGR performance, including reservoir thickness, reservoir structure, rock quality, trapped gas saturation, and fault transmissibility. We conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of individual uncertainties and identify the most impactful ones. Leveraging bp's Top-Down Reservoir Modeling (TDRMTM), we performed combination modeling to generate multiple models encompassing the wide spectrum of subsurface uncertainties and simultaneously calibrate them while assessing their impacts. Informed by the results from the combination modeling, we established deterministic subsurface cases and development scenarios. We further stress-tested the feasibility of EGR by evaluating extreme subsurface cases. The dynamic modeling study, guided by bp's principles and best practices, produced appropriate models suitable for EGR simulations and for underpinning the Tangguh EGR development plan. Sensitivity analysis identified the reservoir thickness, structure, and trapped gas saturation as the most significant uncertainties controlling the EGR performance in terms of incremental hydrocarbon gas production and the quantity of CO2 stored. Fault transmissibility emerged as another impactful uncertainty affecting the CO2 breakthrough timing. Combination modeling resulted in an ensemble of calibrated models covering a wide range of subsurface uncertainties, demonstrating potential HC gas recovery increases of 0.5–3.2%, CO2 storage of 76–88%, and CO2 breakthrough 3–5 years after injection commencement, while remaining within manageable CO2 limits for existing wells and facilities. Evaluations of extreme subsurface cases further confirmed EGR's viability, showing enhanced Vorwata gas recovery and CO2 sequestration across the examined scenarios. Overall, the sensitivity analysis, combination modeling, and extreme cases evaluations exhibit a sensibly consistent range of recovery enhancement, CO2 sequestration, and CO2 breakthrough timing, with no instances of negative incremental production in any investigated cases, underscoring the technical feasibility of EGR. Besides assessing uncertainties and evaluating development options, the resulting dynamic models were also useful in providing predictions on the spatial and temporal evolution of the CO2 plume, which are very important for devising surveillance and operating plans, as well as for further model calibration. This paper outlines a modeling workflow for constructing fully compositional and integrated subsurface-network multi-field models for Tangguh EGR. The appropriate modeling methodology, combined with a subsurface uncertainty and risk management framework, enabled the formulation of a development strategy that thoroughly explored subsurface uncertainties. This approach resulted in a healthy diversity of models, allowing for the formulation of a robust EGR development plan that considers the risk associated with CO2 injection while enhancing gas recovery. This case study provides valuable insights into reservoir modeling and simulation for CO2 sequestration, particularly in the context of CO2-EGR.
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Taheri, A., und E. P. Ford. „Two-Phase Relative Permeability in Wellbore Microannulus and its Significance in Long-Term Risk Assessment“. In SPE Norway Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218438-ms.
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Summary In plug and abandonment (P&A) wells, the interface between the steel casing and cement in a typical wellbore may debond and establish leakage pathways called microannulus. This study aims to understand the behavior of two-phase flow of water and gas in the microannulus and evaluate the relative importance of absolute and effective permeabilities on long-term leakage potential. In this study, we conducted experiments to quantitatively determine the relative permeabilities of water and gas within the microannulus established at the interface between a 9 5/8-inch cemented casing and the enclosed cement matrix. To do this, we saturated a cell with water and introduced nitrogen from the bottom at incrementally increasing pressure, aiming to identify the gas breakthrough pressure within water-filled leakage pathways. Two-phase relative permeabilities were computed using the Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten models, which establish relationships among capillary pressure, saturation, and relative permeability at each pressure step in this unsteady-state approach. These tests were carried out in the short term to verify repeatability and in the long term to assess how cement and casing alterations affect two-phase relative permeabilities. Furthermore, we conducted a simulation sensitivity study to express the relative significance of absolute and effective permeabilities in terms of long-term leakage potential. This study reveals that the conventional X-curve relative permeability inadequately captures the two-phase flow behavior in leaky wellbores. Furthermore, it illustrates that even with alteration in cement and casing as well as variations in microannulus size over time, relative permeability remains quite stable. These results imply that in the studied P&A cases where two phases flow within the microannulus, comprehending this complex two-phase flow behavior in the microannulus and applying an accurate representative relative permeability model are critical for effectively assessing the long-term leakage risks. This research contributes significantly to the understanding of multiphase flow dynamics within the microannulus and underscores the critical significance of utilizing representative relative permeability models, as opposed to the commonly used X-curve relative permeability, in the analysis of fluid flow behavior and assessing associated risks.
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Li, Dachang, Corneliu-Liviu Ionescu, Baurzhan Muftakhidinov, Byron Haynes und Bakyt Yergaliyeva. „A New Simulation Layer Optimization and Permeability Upscaling Method for Preserving Critical Reservoir Heterogeneity“. In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207074-ms.
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Abstract Running a fine grid model with 107 - 109 of cells is possible using a supercomputer with 103 - 106 of CPUs but may not be always cost-effective. The most cost-effective way is to use a coarse grid model that is much smaller but with static/dynamic profiles very close to the fine grid model. This paper proposes a new layer optimization and upscaling method with the aim for creating a consistent coarse grid model. Unlike the industry's existing layer optimization and upscaling methods, the proposed method performs layer optimization and upscaling fully integrated with the Lorenz coefficient and curves (LCC). Coarse grid layers and their permeabilities are created by minimizing the difference between fine and coarse grid LCCs. The process consists of static and dynamic optimizations. The former is measured by LCC while the latter by pressure, GOR, and water-cut. A new LCC-based permeability upscaling method is developed to preserve the fine grid multiphase flow behaviors. A satisfactory coarse grid model is achieved when both static and dynamic criteria are met. The proposed method has been successfully applied to a giant carbonate oil field in the Caspian Sea that consists of a matrix dominated platform and a fracture/karst dominated rim. Due to the field's complex geology and high H2S content (15%), a dual porosity, dual permeability compositional model has been created to model compositional sour crude flow within and between the matrix and fracture/karst features. The reservoir drive mechanisms are fluid expansion, miscible gas injection and aquifer drive. The reservoir is undersaturated and has an abnormally high initial reservoir pressure. The fine-grid static model contains 104 million cells (370×225×625×2) and the optimized upscaled coarse-grid dynamic model has 8.3 million cells (370×225×50×2). The upscaled model can be run efficiently on the company's existing HPC infrastructure with a maximum of 64 CPUs. Excellent matches of the Lorenz coefficient maps for reservoir total/zones and Lorenz curves at all wells between the fine and coarse grid models have been achieved. Matches on the dynamic variables, e.g., pressure, gas breakthrough time, and GOR growth, in all producers are within the defined acceptable tolerances. The high quality of the static and dynamic matches between the coarse- and fine-grid models confirms that the reservoir properties of the coarse-grid model is very close to the fine-grid model and can be used a base model for history matching and uncertainty analysis.
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Kamal, Sherif Ahmed. „Detection of Edge Water Movement and 3D Dynamic Model Calibration Using Pressure Transient Analysis, Onshore Nile Delta, Egypt“. In Mediterranean Offshore Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/223136-ms.
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Abstract Water drive gas reservoirs pose a significant challenge in detecting gas water contact (GWC) movement and accurately predicting the timing of water breakthrough. The ability to anticipate water breakthrough is critical for production optimizing and ensuring the long life of the reservoir and help in mitigating the reserves. dynamic simulation models are powerful tools for predicting GWC movement, however these models require extensive production data for calibration, which may only become available after water breakthrough has already occurred. This delay in calibration can mislead development planning and result in less effective production strategies. This paper discusses the application of Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) as a tool to monitor water movement and predict water breakthrough times in water drive gas reservoirs before they occur. PTA can be used to obtain key reservoir parameters, estimating skin factors, and detecting reservoir boundaries, all these parameters are important for understanding reservoir behavior. By performing successive analyses, PTA can also detect boundary movement, such as the relative position of GWC in gas wells over time. Reservoir pressure is one of the most valuable and useful sources of data in reservoir engineering, and PTA provides a reliable means of analyzing this data to predict water breakthrough times. Our objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of PTA in monitoring water movement and predicting water breakthrough times in water drive gas reservoirs. In summary, this paper offers a practical solution to the problem of detecting GWC movement and predicting water breakthrough times in water drive gas reservoirs. The proposed method of using PTA provides a reliable means of analyzing reservoir data and offers valuable insights into reservoir behavior and future production under various modes of operation. This paper presents a case study from the Lower Abu Madi (LAM) reservoir in the Nile Delta, Egypt, where PTA was used to monitor GWC movement and predict water breakthrough. The results show the effectiveness of PTA in providing early warning signs of water encroachment, allowing for better-informed reservoir management decisions. The integration of PTA with dynamic simulation models offers a practical solution for overcoming the challenges associated with detecting GWC movement and predicting water breakthrough in water drive gas reservoirs.
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Sadigov, Subhi, Siti Bahjam und Alf Sebastian Lackner. „Locating Infill Targets of an Offshore Field Using an Ensemble Based Integrated Uncertainty Centric Modeling Approach“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210144-ms.
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Abstract The aim of the study is to demonstrate the value of an integrated ensemble-based modeling approach for improving reservoir management of a mature offshore field located on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Automated workflows are created to include subsurface uncertainties from both static and dynamic domains within a short reservoir modeling timeline. Potential infill targets for producers are located and evaluated efficiently as a result of implementing the proposed methodology. For ensemble-based methodologies, an ensemble of equiprobable reservoir models is created with the guidance of a multi-disciplinary team to represent realistic reservoir uncertainties. Automated workflows are established to capture and propagate subsurface uncertainties spanning from grid structure creation, petrophysical modeling, and dynamic modeling while honoring all firm well data. These equiprobable models are then conditioned to the historic production data using an iterative ensemble-based data assimilation algorithm. The proposed method supports the conditioning of a large number of reservoir parameters in a consistent manner on both a local level (e.g., facies and petrophysical properties) and a global level (e.g., aquifer size and relative permeability curves). The conditioned ensemble is then used for robust forecasting studies for making important reservoir management decisions under uncertainty. As a result of the proposed methodology, an ensemble of history-matched reservoir models is created in a remarkably short modeling time. Analysis of the updates made during the data assimilation process provides crucial insights into the reservoir such as the connectivity between the existing wells, the communication between different segments of the field, and critical flow dynamics affecting drainage decisions. Such insights would not have been obtained through just a traditional HM exercise where just one reservoir model was tuned to the dynamic data, and where all trust was put into that single model. Several potential infill targets for producer wells are identified by using the proposed integrated approach and ranked based on their potential risk level and added value. The forecasting studies carried out to evaluate the value of each of these targets capture the subsurface uncertainties on the dynamic response, which enables asset teams to make informed field development decisions by quantifying and ranking alternatives. The next steps will be augmenting the workflow to improve the back-produced injected water rates and modifying the base grid structure. This should allow for even better control of the formation water breakthrough timing in certain parts of the reservoir. This paper proposes a systematic and integrated workflow using an ensemble-based method for solving reservoir modeling challenges. The automated nature of the methodology significantly reduces the reservoir modeling timeline and enables it to be utilized on a wide range of hydrocarbon assets to maximize recovery. The infill targets that were identified through the proposed approach are very similar to the targets identified through a traditional thickness map approach. However, the results are obtained in a shorter time span and with a better grasp of critical uncertainties using this integrated method compared to traditional methods.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Dynamic breakthrough curve analysis"
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Unknown, Author. PR-213-9103-R01 Capabilities-Limitations of the S-Curve Pipelay Method. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011969.
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Evaluated the typical Gulf of Mexico pipelay barges and assess their ability to install 8 to 20-inch diameter pipelines in water depths ranging from 1000 ft to 3000 ft. McDermott's LB-29 and DB-28, Global Pipelines PLUS' Cherokee, and OPI's DLB-423 were evaluated. Allseas' the North Sea dynamically positioned lay vessel Lorelay was also evaluated for comparison. Pipe wall thicknesses to satisfy buckle propagation, collapse, and stability criteria were determined, and the results were used to select wall thicknesses for 8, 12, 16, and 20-inch nominal pipe diameters in water depths of 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 feet. The selected wall thickness and diameters were then used as inputs for a finite element model to determine stinger and tensioner requirements for each vessel. Each vessel's mooring system was analyzed to assure satisfactory performance, after taking into account pipe-induced tensions and environmental loads resulting from a 1.5-knot current and a 30-knot wind. Mooring system upgrading options include the use of anchor chains or additional mooring line pendants. The scope of work did not include dynamic pipe stress, dynamic mooring system analysis, vessel motions analysis, or move-up analysis.
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Chong, Alberto E. Inequality, Democracy, and Persistence: Is There a Political Kuznets Curve? Inter-American Development Bank, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010950.
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The aim of this paper is to provide comprehensive empirical evidence on recent theories that link democracy and income inequality for the period 1960-1995. In simple cross-country regressions I find a non-monotonic link between these two variables when using ordinary least squares, instrumental variables, and Eusufzai tests. Since these results cannot be taken as "true" time series findings, even though recent theories that explain such a link are, I also employ recent methods applied to dynamic models on panel data. These techniques allow accounting for potential simultaneity and heterogeneity problems. Using the preferred econometric methodology, I also find support for the existence of a political Kuznets curve. Moreover, it appears that income inequality is unconditionally persistent. Results hold for two different democracy proxies and when sensitivity analysis is applied.
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Nasr, Jonathan. DEVELOPMENT OF A DESIGN GUIDELINE FOR BRIDGE PILE FOUNDATIONS SUBJECTED TO LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED LATERAL SPREADING. Deep Foundations Institute, Mai 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2016-ssmc-1.
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Effective-stress nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDA) were performed for piles in liquefiable sloped ground to assess how inertia and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading combine in long-duration vs. short-duration earthquakes. A parametric study was performed using input motions from subduction and crustal earthquakes covering a wide range of earthquake durations. The NDA results were used to evaluate the accuracy of the equivalent static analysis (ESA) recommended by Caltrans/ODOT for estimating pile demands. Finally, the NDA results were used to develop new ESA methods to combine inertial and lateral spreading loads for estimating elastic and inelastic pile demands. The NDA results showed that pile demands increase in liquefied conditions compared to nonliquefied conditions due to the interaction of inertia (from superstructure) and kinematics (from liquefaction-induced lateral spreading). Comparing pile demands estimated from ESA recommended by Caltrans/ODOT with those computed from NDA showed that the guidelines by Caltrans/ODOT (100% kinematic combined with 50% inertia) slightly underestimates demands for subduction earthquakes with long durations. A revised ESA method was developed to extend the application of the Caltrans/ODOT method to subduction earthquakes. The inertia multiplier was back-calculated from the NDA results and new multipliers were proposed: 100% Kinematic + 60% Inertia for crustal earthquakes and 100% Kinematic + 75% Inertia for subduction earthquakes. The proposed ESA compared reasonably well against the NDA results for elastic piles. The revised method also made possible to estimate demands in piles that performed well in the dynamic analyses but could not be analyzed using Caltrans/ODOT method (i.e. inelastic piles that remained below Fult on the liq pushover curve). However, it was observed that the pile demands became unpredictable for cases where the pile head displacement exceeded the displacement corresponding to the ultimate pushover force in liquefied conditions. Nonlinear dynamic analysis is required for these cases to adequately estimate pile demands.