Thematische Bibliographien / Dwellings – united states – design and construction

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Dwellings – united states – design and construction“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Dwellings – united states – design and construction"

Fernandes, Genevieve D., und Dr Nisha P. Naik. „Building Collapse: Factors and Resisting Mechanisms, a Review“. International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, Nr. 8 (01.08.2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.08.a007.

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All through the ages in all human civilizations men have been engaged in construction activity, not only to build their dwellings and house their activities, but also roads, bridges to facilitate means of transport, and communication etc. The main concern in this activity was to ensure safety and reduce the collapse of the buildings and other structures. But even after taking all precautions it is impossible to guarantee the safety and collapse because of several unforeseen reasons like faulty constructions, design errors, overloading, soil liquefactions, gas explosion, material degradation, terrorist attacks and economic factors are also contributing to the collapse. It is also uneconomical to design the structure for unforeseen events unless they have reasonable chance of occurrence. In order to ensure the safety and prevent collapse, many guidelines have been framed by local bodies and government authorities in many countries like United States Department of Defence (DOD), United States General Service Administration (GSA) and Euro-Codes in European Nations. Some other practices are followed to incorporate redundancies in the structure like detailing, ductile designs, tying of elements at particular locations, provision of hinges and inter connections. It is also to be admitted that full proof safe design structure for accidental events cannot be prepared and implemented as it is uneconomical and the chances of such occurrences are less. This paper reviews past case studies of collapse of structures with an aim to develop an understanding of collapse mechanism. This study will definitely help to bring about a detailed improvement in the design to maximize the quality of the construction at a minimal cost.

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Salazar Lozano, María del Pilar, und Antonio José Cidoncha Pérez. „Habitar una bóveda metálica. Quonset Huts en la Base Aeronaval de Rota“. VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 8, Nr. 2 (29.10.2021): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2021.13423.

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During World War II, and even in the years that followed, thousands of American soldiers lived in prefabricated semi-cylindrical metal huts that could be dismantled and reused: Quonset Huts. Their singular design and their multiple uses made Quonset Huts an American military design icon. The daring construction system made it possible to manufacture them in the United States and take them across the Atlantic, armed with a comprehensive instruction manual. The Seabees, American soldiers posted to Spain to build the Naval Station Rota, set up a provisional camp in 1959 comprising fifty-three Quonset Huts. Assembling them in Spain provided housing for 500 soldiers and they were fitted with all types of facilities for their functions. This text aims to shed light on this unknown case of prefabricated dwellings in our country, contextualising the history of their design, construction and installation, and analysing the repercussion of this constructive experiment in the early days of prefabricated construction in Spain.

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Pullen, Quinn M., und Todd V. Scholz. „Index and Engineering Properties of Oregon Cob“. Journal of Green Building 6, Nr. 2 (01.05.2011): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.2.88.

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Cob is an earthen building material comprised of sand, clay, straw, and water used for millennia to construct dwellings. Although cob construction largely died out during the nineteenth century, it is experiencing a revival in England and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Little scientific research has investigated the engineering properties of cob, knowledge of which is important for modern-day design practices and code requirements. Researchers at Oregon State University investigated six different Oregon cob mixtures using a series of standard soils and concrete tests adapted for this material. The objectives were to characterize the constituents, to establish estimates for the magnitude of, and degree of variability in, the mixture properties, and to develop correlations between the engineering properties and mixture composition. Results indicated low to moderate variation in basic mixture properties (i.e., unit weight, moisture content, and sand equivalent), moderate variation in strength properties, and high variation in the elastic modulus. Several reasonable correlations were found between shrinkage, compressive strength, elastic modulus, and sand equivalent and between flexural strength and fiber tensile strength.

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LeRouge, Cynthia, Polina Durneva, Savitha Sangameswaran und Anne-Marie Gloster. „Design Guidelines for a Technology-Enabled Nutrition Education Program to Support Overweight and Obese Adolescents: Qualitative User-Centered Design Study“. Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, Nr. 7 (29.07.2019): e14430. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14430.

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Background Childhood overweight and obesity are major health challenges in the United States. One of the recommendations to combat obesity is to maintain a healthy diet, which is often best supported by eating home-cooked meals to control cooking methods, ingredients, and portions. Diet control through home cooking is challenged because of the decline in culinary skills in the population and a paucity of effective culinary nutrition education (CNE) programs. Providing technology-enabled CNE (CNE-tech) to overweight and obese adolescents can equip them with life skills that can assist them in the future. Such skills can facilitate saving money, eating healthier, and creating social environments. In addition, CNE builds cooking confidence and food literacy that in turn can build adolescent self-efficacy, particularly toward managing their health behaviors. Objective This study aimed to inform functionalities, design requirements, and the context of use for CNE-tech that could enhance overweight and obese adolescents’ healthy food literacy, cooking confidence, and general self-efficacy with regard to self-management to ultimately promote healthy lifestyle management. Methods The design science study was completed in 2 distinct phases engaging overweight and obese adolescents, parents of overweight and obese adolescents, and the health care providers that treat adolescents with these conditions. Phase 2, our primary source of data, involved user-centered design methods including the following: (1) early stage prototype usability analysis, (2) semistructured interviews with 70 overweight or obese adolescents engaged in a healthy behavior program, and (3) semistructured interviews with 10 health care providers. Data were analyzed using constant comparison analysis to identify functionalities, design requirements, and inform the context of use of CNE-tech. Results Data revealed specific desired functionalities for the CNE-tech related to building cooking skills, populating a healthy recipe database, suggesting healthy alternatives, supporting the construction of a healthy plate, and the ability to share healthy recipes and cooking accomplishments. Moreover, the adolescents provided design requirements pertaining to the presentation (eg, vivid colors, semirealistic images, and cooking sounds), use of multimedia, and gaming. Data further revealed contextual factors, such as shared experiences with family members and enhanced continued use. Conclusions We demonstrate the potentiality of creating CNE-tech that could effectively lead to better self-care and induce sustainable behavioral change as it facilitates skill building, self-efficacy, and a pathway that enables overweight and obese adolescents to influence cooking habits in their family home and future dwellings. Our CNE-tech–proposed solution aligns with the goals of overweight and obese adolescents and also reflects existing theories about behavioral change.

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Gorczyca, Mirosław. „Mieszkalnictwo w Stanach Zjednoczonych“. Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2011, Nr. 4 (28.04.2011): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2011.04.5.

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The article presents a condition of the housing in the United States in 2008 as well as in retrospection. Considerations of the housing development, conditions in the housing construction, reserves and housing conditions as well as expenditures for dwellings are discussed in the article. The author presents also comparison of measures characterizing housings in the United States and EU Countries.

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Durmanov, Volodymyr. „DYNAMICS OF THE RUSSIAN, JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES LIVING PREMISES GEOMETRY“. Space&FORM 2020, Nr. 50 (30.06.2022): 137–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2022.50.b-05.

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The main purpose of studying the dynamics of the geometric parameters of the country's living premises is to determine the patterns of their transformation as a result of changes in the lifestyle of the population. An analysis of official statistical information presented in the reports on population censuses and inventory of residential premises conducted in recent years in Russia, Japan and the United States made it possible to identify the dependence of changes in the number and area of living premises on the direction of development of the property structure in the country. Despite the relative stability of the reproduction of the traditional spatial image of the country's living premises, the change in its characteristics also depends on the level and character of the distribution of housing provision among the population. In the 19th century, a wide variety of living conditions with a low level of housing provision for the population led to an increase in state support for the construction of housing, which made it possible to narrow the geometric parameters of housing under construction and increase the average level of provision in countries. With the increase in the economic opportunities of households, it becomes preferable to purchase housing in private ownership, which makes it possible to expand the variety of living conditions and increase the average provision of housing for the population. The complete privatization of dwellings, observed at the end of the 20th century, leads to the emergence of private rent, which narrows the geometric characteristics of the dwelling under construction and increases the uneven housing supply again. During periods of economic crises, there are noticeable shifts in the transformation of the spatial image of a dwelling, associated with the search for the highest quality geometric forms of a dwelling, which change the direction of its reproduction during periods of restoration.

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Hickson, R. E., und F. W. Rodolf. „DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF JETTIES“. Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, Nr. 1 (12.05.2010): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v1.26.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a brief outline of the general engineering procedure for the siting and design of jetties and the methods of constructing such structures. After a general presentation of the formulae proposed by various engineers to determine the size and weight of individual pieces of stone or other material which should be used under various wave heights, this paper will be devoted principally to the construction of rubble stone jetties. This is the type principally used on the Pacific Coast of the United States.

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Prudon, Theodore. „Preservation and public housing in the United States“. Housing for All, Nr. 65 (2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.a.08i5whu3.

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Public housing is an important part of the heritage of the 20th century that deserves preservation, but is in danger of being demolished or unrecognizably altered. The United States, which saw the construction of such government sponsored projects, largely between 1930 and 1975, is no exception. In the last four decades government efforts have continued to shift towards financial incentives for private initiatives for design, construction and property management. This housing legacy, if being preserved, still needs to be improved so it can continue to serve as affordable housing in the 21st century.

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Viest, Ivan M. „Development of Design Rules for Composite Construction“. Engineering Journal 40, Nr. 4 (31.12.2003): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v40i4.816.

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Historical development of the requirements for the design of composite structures made up of steel elements and concrete, as practiced in the United States, is reviewed. Included are buildings and highway bridges. After a brief description of the origins of composite construction in America, an emphasis is placed on early design rules issued by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the Joint Committee on Concrete and Reinforced Concrete, and the American Concrete Institute (ACI). The discussion is divided into two parts. The first, dealing with composite beams, traces the development of the AISC and AASHTO requirements; it also includes remarks on the strength of stud shear connectors placed in the trough of a steel deck. AISC, Joint Committee and ACI provisions for composite columns are the subject of the second part of the discussion. Extensive practical experience has demonstrated that composite construction is a system suitable for areas of high seismicity. It has been used in Japan for decades but on the west coast of the United States its use spread only relatively recently. The first U.S. seismic provisions for composite construction were included in the 1994 version of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program's Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in 1994. AISC included composite construction in the 1997 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings and the provisions were also included by reference in the 2000 edition of the International Building Code.

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FILIPPOV, Vasily D. „LINEAR CITY: INDEPENDENT AMERICAN PROJECTS“. Urban construction and architecture 9, Nr. 4 (15.12.2019): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.04.21.

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Two projects of the Linear City, which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, in the United States, regardless of the project implemented earlier in Spain by Arturo Soria, are described. The technical and town-planning features of the Roadtown project by Edgar Chembless and the social ideas underlying it are given. The reasons for the failure of this project, as well as similar projects that appeared later, are analyzed. The history of the project of Milo Hastings and his idea of a linear concentration of dwellings in the city are given. Although this project was also not implemented, the reasons why its town-planning ideas found application in the post-war construction of the American suburb and social ideas in the New Deal of President Franklin Roosevelt are shown.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Dwellings – united states – design and construction"

Matla, Oliver T. „Aging with dignity : elderly housing in an urban setting“. Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164839.

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The living situation of the older generation is a matter of increasing social concern. Demographic changes are leading to larger proportions of elderly people in the populations of the developed world. Tied into this evolution and even more important are the processes of social change - in particular the loosening of traditional family bonds - which make the living situation of older people extremely precarious once they begin to become frail.One aspect of the living situation of older people, namely their housing situation, or more specifically the question of housing and care, has long been neglected or mainly answered with uniform solutions of institutionalized housing for the elderly. Today, these cannot be seen as the only answer to the diverse needs of elderly people, especially since the housing situation has a very strong influence in determining their degree of self-sufficiency. The increased need for housing suited to the needs of elderly people is the impetus for additional investigation, improvement of present conditions, and studies of future developments. The resulting knowledge and impact on the built environment will be very important to academia and the future education of all environmental design professionals as well as society in general.The purpose of this investigation is to illustrate the significance and relationship of socialand spatial requirements within the concept of living and care, because only the simultaneous addressing of these conditions allows for 'aging with dignity'. The existing demographic situation as well as the inadequate housing situation for the elderly makes it important to investigate the provision of health care, social services, and everyday necessities along with a well-designed architectural and urban development framework.This paper consists of three main parts. The first two parts focus on the research of theoretical and practical design aspects as they pertain to current thinking in elderly care and assisted living. This is accomplished through an investigation of published international examples. In addition, valuable information about the housing needs and desires of elderly people was gathered by exploring four built examples in the United States and Germany, thus helping to identify the framework of the architectural exploration.The third part documents the development and process of both an operational and design concept for elderly housing in a selected urban community. The site is located in Potsdam, Germany, within an existing urban block of the old city core. The architectural design attempts to express the idea of 'aging in dignity' and includes thoughts about the interrelation of new and existing residential units as well as their impact on the context.The aim of the study is to ascertain information about the effects of diverse, networked and, in part, innovative facilities and services on the independent living capabilities of the elderly, and the control over one's living environment. Promoting independent living, this study should help to determine the extent to which these services could be provided.
Department of Architecture

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White, Debra Karen. „Integrated planning, design and construction of a United States Courthouse“. Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072004-180237/unrestricted/white%5Fdebra%5Fk%5F200312%5Fms.pdf.

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Harrington, Kathleen. „Leadership by design : the gendered construction of military (Air Force) officers /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9432.

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Bracey, Karen Elizabeth. „Implications of tort law on professional liability in the design and construction industries“. Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03142009-040444/.

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Redstone, Victoria. „Design analysis of the American residential garage, 1900-1940“. Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260632.

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Research on the American residential garage from 1900 to 1940 has demonstrated that the following factors impacted garage design: the practical demands of the automobile, architectural styles, placement on a lot, and the socio-economic status of the garage builder. The shape and function of garages were dictated by the maintenance requirements of automobiles and the fire hazards associated with early cars. Architectural styles affected garage design by influencing the materials, roof shapes, and door designs of a given garage. These effects were more evident in garages designed to match an individual house. Catalog garages were shaped by current architectural styles, but these garages were simpler in order to be compatible with a wide range of house styles. Garage placement affected several aspects of garage design including amenities such as electricity and plumbing. Placement was also determined by external factors such as lot size and local zoning regulations. The socio-economic status of a homeowner molded a garage's appearance significantly. Economic considerations impacted garage design by resulting in anything from a simple wooden box with a roof to a two-story brick garage with an apartment.
Department of Architecture

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Gregor, Jeffrey Allen. „Real options for naval ship design and acquisition : a method for valuing flexibility under uncertainty“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/11049.

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The United States Navy is facing a need for a novel surface combatant capability. This new system of ships must be deigned to meet the uncertainty associated with constantly changing required mission capabilities, threats, and technological advances. Flexibility in design and management will enable these systems to maximize their performance under changing conditions. Real options involve the 'right but not the obligation' to take a course of action. Real options embody the flexibility that allows projects to be continually reshaped, as uncertainty becomes resolved. This thesis seeks to identify and analyze the real options available for the design and acquisition of naval ships. This thesis also seeks to determine the value of these options and determine the best types and amount of flexibility to design into naval systems in order to maximize the value of the system over time under uncertain conditions.

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Blanton, Paul 1968. „The distribution and impact of roads and railroads on the river landscapes of the coterminous United States“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11186.

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xvi, 150 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Floodplain roads and railroads are common features in river landscapes, but their distribution and impacts have not been explicitly studied. This dissertation discusses the impacts of floodplain roads and railroads on channel and floodplain processes in river landscapes at the continental, regional, and local scales. At the continental scale, I documented the spatial patterns of roads and railroads in the floodplains of the continental United States and the regional variability of their potential impacts. Based on these results, I developed a conceptual model based on topography and the interaction of transportation and stream networks that suggests that the area of lateral disconnection caused by transportation infrastructure should be most extensive in mid-sized alluvial valleys in relatively rugged settings, such as those located in the western United States. I used pre-existing digital geologic, hydrologic, and transportation data with Geographic Information Systems software to map floodplain areas and lateral disconnection along the floodplains of two river systems in Washington State. I developed methods to quickly and inexpensively delineate potential or historic floodplain surfaces, to analyze lateral floodplain disconnection caused by different types of structure, and to rank floodplain reaches in terms of salmon habitat potential. Although all floodplains exhibited disconnection, the floodplain maps and habitat rankings helped identify opportunities for habitat preservation and restoration. At the local scale, I mapped and measured the impacts of lateral disconnection, showing that channel and riparian habitat was degraded in locations with floodplain transportation infrastructure confining the channel compared with similar nearby sites lacking such confinement. Railroad grades and road beds function as confining structures in the riparian zone, disrupting flood pulses and the exchange of water, sediment, and biota between channels and their floodplains and within the floodplain. Over longer time periods, these structures can also impede the natural meandering and migration of channels across their floodplains, disrupting the erosional and depositional processes that drive the high habitat and biological diversity characteristic of floodplains. My results show that human-caused disconnections need to be further incorporated into river science and management. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: W. Andrew Marcus, Chairperson, Geography; Daniel Gavin, Member, Geography; Patricia McDowell, Member, Geography; Joshua Roering, Outside Member, Geological Sciences

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Slider, Chad W. „Window making in America : a study of craftsmen, sawmills, glassworks, and hardware from Jamestown to the Civil War“. Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366296.

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Windows are a significant feature of building construction that have largely escaped notice in terms of their design and fabrication in America from the time of European colonization to the mid-nineteenth century. This thesis tells the story of the glass, woodworking, and hardware technologies that transformed windows from hand-crafted to mass-produced building components. It also explores the stylistic, social, and economic factors that underlie the development and usage of windows in America.
Department of Architecture

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Staehli, Alfred M. „They sure don't build them like they used to : Federal Housing Administration insured builders' houses in the Pacific Northwest from 1934 to 1954“. PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3799.

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There is a clear change in the architectural qualities of builder's houses constructed before World War II and in the postwar years. The primary evidence is in the houses themselves and their architectural qualities. This study focuses on the first 20 years of Federal Housing Administration insured mortgage builders' houses constructed in the Pacific Northwest region, although expanded with some examples from across the nation to illustrate the general application of the thesis and that this was not a regional phenomenon.

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Brosz, Jennifer R. „History and architecture of drive-in restaurants in America with a Muncie, Indiana case study“. Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1355262.

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This thesis contains the results of a study of the architecture and history of drive-in restaurants from their genesis in the late 1920s to their decline in popularity during the 1960s. The study provides a context within which the historic, cultural and architectural significance of this building type can be evaluated. A Muncie, Indiana case study follows the study of the national context. Conclusions are reached concerning how the designs of drive-in restaurants in the Muncie study area compare to national design trends. It provides a framework for further research of the building type.Of the major drive-in restaurant styles, types or forms that were typical on the national scene, the Muncie study area demonstrated only the roadside stand-type, Modern style, and rectangular form. Independent of style or type, Muncie drive-ins demonstrated various interpretations of elements that were common nationally: the sheltering canopy, the pylon, lighting, electronic speaker systems for ordering, and plate glass. It is possible, though, that the Muncie study area contained other restaurants that exhibited national design trends but were demolished and left no record.
Department of Architecture

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Bücher zum Thema "Dwellings – united states – design and construction"

S, Saunders William, Hrsg. Sprawl and suburbia: A Harvard design magazine reader. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.

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D, Milner John, Huber Gregory D und Gross Geoffrey, Hrsg. Stone houses: Traditional homes of Pennsylvania's Bucks County and Brandywine Valley. New York: Rizzoli, 2005.

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Hanesalo, Bruce A. Artificial cave shelters: A collection of extracts from U.S. Army manuals on how to design and build underground cave and tunnel shelters. 3. Aufl. Golden Valley, MN]: Military/info, 2001.

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Sirefman, Susanna. Modern shoestring: Contemporary architecture on a budget. New York: Monacelli Press, 2008.

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Bial, Raymond. The Houses. New York: Benchmark Books/Marshall Cavendish, 2002.

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Subcommittee, United States Congress House Committee on Government Operations Legislation and National Security. The secret interference by the Vice President's staff with HUD's guidelines for access by handicapped persons to multifamily dwellings: Hearing before the Legislation and National Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, June 30, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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McConnell, Jo. Macon treasures remembered: The antebellum years. Virginia Beach, VA: Hallmark Pub. Co., 2002.

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U.S. DEPT. OF THE ARMY. Tactical concealment area: Design & construction guide. [Washington, D.C: The Dept., 1998.

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National Association of Home Builders (U.S.). Remodelors Council. Single Family Small Volume Builders Committee. Residential construction performance guidelines for professional builders & remodelers. 4. Aufl. Washington, DC: BuilderBooks, 2011.

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Shared design. [New York]: Aspen Publishers, 2011.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Dwellings – united states – design and construction"

Burt, Richard. „Addressing Accreditation Criteria Related to Sustainable Construction in the United States: A Case Study“. In Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design, 237–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44381-8_18.

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Seim, Charles. „An Overview of Steel Bridge Design, Fabrication and Construction in the United States of America“. In Transportation Infrastructure, 347–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61092-9_30.

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Scott, Lloyd, und Blake Wentz. „Sustainability in Construction Management Education: A Case Study of Students’ Attitudes and Beliefs at Two CM Programmes in Ireland and United States“. In Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design, 145–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44381-8_11.

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Mazzola, Emily. „Exhibition Design and the Construction of Race, Gender, and Class in the First Ladies Hall of the United States National Museum“. In Histories of Exhibition Design in the Museum, 186–202. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003245377-15.

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Suermann, Patrick C., und Lindsey R. Maddox. „MILCON in the Department of Defense: Estimating, Building Information Modeling (BIM) Based Design, and Impact on United States Army and Air Force Construction“. In Building Information Modeling, 83–106. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413982.ch04.

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Thrall, Grant Ian. „Housing and Residential Communities“. In Business Geography and New Real Estate Market Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076363.003.0009.

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Housing occupies about 70 percent of the land area of a typical city. That land area is not randomly distributed, but instead follows regular spatial patterns; these patterns are sectorial and radial (see Hoyt 1939; chapter 2). These geographic patterns form housing submarkets. Specific demographic groups are attracted to housing in those submarkets. As there are many kinds of demographic characteristics of households, there are also many types of housing, and many housing submarkets. Housing submarkets include downtowns, middle-burbs, suburbs; high income; middle income, and low income; new development, mixed use, older development, and mixed new infill with older development; apartments, condominiums; townhouses, high rises, and single-family dwellings. The market analyst makes recommendations on which type of development will be most successful in which submarket and on which submarket would be appropriate for a particular type of development (see Sumichrast and Seldin 1977). Few people today choose to live without the benefit of some type of housing. The choice and availability of what type of housing to live in depends on a complex interaction of many factors, including culture, the natural and built environment, technological scale of society, government, income, stage of life cycle, economics of building construction, and knowledge and imagination of those building the housing. This chapter presents a broad overview of housing market analysis. In the overview, the determinants to demand and supply of housing are presented (See also Harvey, 1992). There is a broad overview of forecasting procedures and methodologies, the methods for projecting absorption rate, housing demand, and competitive supply, and how sales prices and rental prices might be determined. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, upper-middle-income urban households in the United States and Canada often lived in what are today commonly referred to as Victorian houses. These houses were designed for multigenerational living, including grandparents as the head of household, their children, and their grandchildren. Aunts, uncles, and cousins might have lived in the same dwelling. All the family subunits contributed to the finances of maintaining the house. This provided social security to the elder members of the household, and inexpensive yet high-quality living conditions for the other family members.

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Cusumano, Michael A. „System development corporation: a U.S. Factory experiment1“. In Japan’s Software Factores, 117–424. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062168.003.0004.

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Abstract System Development Corporation ‘s (SOC) attempt in the mid-1970s to establish a software factory proved significant for several reasons. First, this provided the first case in the United States of a company explicitly adopting a factory label and strategy for a software facility. Second, SOC committed several years of research and experimentation in search of tools, methods, and organizational concepts aimed at achieving in soft ware the kind of efficiencies found in factory assembly lines, systematically moving products through design, construction, and testing.

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Breckinridge, James B., Alec M. Pridgeon und Donald E. Osborn. „Inventing Modern Optical Sciences“. In With Stars in Their Eyes, 271–303. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190915674.003.0009.

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This chapter continues discussion of the development of the Optical Sciences Center (OSC) at the University of Arizona with faculty hires, curriculum and textbooks, funding for building construction, and teaching and research in computer-aided design, ray-trace optical design and engineering, precision structures for optical systems, optical materials, physical optics, radiometry, detectors (IR and visible), optical testing, quantum optics, and lasers. Related to these was Aden Meinel’s expanding emphasis on the need for electronic imaging from space to replace photographic film. He retired as director of the OSC in 1973 to devote more time to solar energy, astronomical instrumentation, and telescope design in China (LAMOST telescope) and the United States (Multiple Mirror Telescope, Eye of Texas).

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„Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century“. In Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century, herausgegeben von STEVEN D. MIMS, RICHARD J. ONDERS und WILLIAM L. SHELTON. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874127.ch22.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>populations in North America have long been exploited commercially for meat and roe; however, the history of paddlefish propagation and culture is more recent. Early efforts to artificially propagate and culture paddlefish were motivated by conservation following the construction of dams and destruction of spawning habitat on major rivers of the central United States. From these beginnings, paddlefish propagation and the species itself have spread from native U.S. waters to other countries, including Russia and China. In the United States, conservation is still an important aspect of paddlefish culture, although sport fishing and aquaculture production have been added to the mix. However, in those countries where paddlefish have been introduced, the motivation has been the perceived potential for producing food for domestic consumption and valuable products for export, including one of the most exotic and expensive food products in today’s world—caviar. The collective efforts of state and federal hatchery personnel in the United States, along with university researchers from the United States and worldwide have resulted in a more complete body of information on paddlefish propagation and culture. Included in this collection are methods for handling broodstock, induced spawning, and nursery stages of production, along with cryopreservation of milt and manipulation of sex ratios in the hatchery to produce a preponderance of female fish. We have assembled this collection here to provide a single source reference and have added information concerning hatchery design, regulations, and the grow-out stages of aquaculture food fish production.

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Bingler, Steven. „Schools as Centers of Community: Planning and Design“. In Community Schools in Action. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169591.003.0030.

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As we stand at the beginning of the twenty-first century, we face a national challenge in planning and designing learning environments that meet the needs of all learners. Throughout the country, elementary and high school districts are spending unprecedented amounts of money to renovate existing school facilities or build new ones. In 2001 alone roughly $27 billion worth of kindergarten through grade 12 construction projects were approved and funded, a trend that is likely to continue for several years. In 2000 public and private kindergarten through grade 12 school enrollment reached a record 53 million students. The Department of Education projects that 55 million children will enroll in 2020 and 60 million in 2030. By 2100 the pattern of steady growth is expected to result in a total of 94 million school-age children, an increase of 41 million students over the century. It is also projected that diversity will increase, with most of the growth among Hispanic children. They represented about 15% of the public school population in 2000; that proportion is expected to grow to 24% by 2020. This steady increase in the number and diversity of school children, all of whom need and deserve a quality education, suggests that the design of new school facilities and the modernization of old ones will be an ongoing process in communities across the United States. One important component of this challenge is the need to rethink how we plan learning environments to coincide with some new ways of thinking about education. It seems as if such a short time has passed since Howard Gardner introduced the theory of multiple intelligences at a time when other educational strategies, including project-based learning, cooperative learning, primary source learning, real world experiential learning, and their many variations, were enjoying a renaissance or were in the developmental stages. Many of these teaching and learning strategies have found their way into the mainstream as powerful tools that help to create more meaning-centered and personalized learning for students and educators alike. This new group of educational strategies is more diverse, more integrated, and, perhaps, more compelling than their more predictable predecessors.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Dwellings – united states – design and construction"

Cruz-Rios, Fernanda, und David Grau. „Design for Disassembly: An Analysis of the Practice (or Lack Thereof) in the United States“. In Construction Research Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482889.105.

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Duntemann, John F. „Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works in the United States“. In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.2796.

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Delatte, Norbert J. „Systems for Structural Failure Investigations in the United States“. In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0930.

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Bhattacharjee, S., S. Ghosh, J. Jones und B. Rusk. „Sustainability Education in the United States: Analyses of the Curricula Used in Construction Programs“. In International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction (ICSDC) 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41204(426)23.

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Schmidt, Andrea, und John Singleton. „A Practical Superluminal Polarization Current Antenna: Theory, Design, and Construction“. In 2024 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/usnc-ursinrsm60317.2024.10464572.

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Denavit, Mark D., Jerome F. Hajjar, Tiziano Perea und Roberto T. Leon. „Seismic Behavior of Steel-Concrete Composite Frame Structures and Design Practice in the United States“. In International Conference on Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479735.041.

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Reginato, Justin, und Hisham Said. „The Impact of BIM Design-Related Changes on the Performance of VDC Tasks of Electrical Contractors in the United States“. In Construction Research Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481264.023.

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Ashcroft, Frederick, Annin Troesch und Phillip Sullivan. „Design, Construction, and Initial Testing of a Vertical Motion Mechanism“. In SNAME 22nd American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-1989-025.

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In 1985, the United States Coast Guard and The University of Michigan initiated a planing hull research project. The research was performed as part of the UWUSCG Officer Trainingship Program. Early work at U of M included the design and fabrication of a dynamometer which could oscillate a model venically and measure the resulting forces. Tests were performed for verification of dynamometer performance and to determine added mass and damping coefficients for a prismatic planing form. A description of the dynamometer construction and calibration, and preliminary results are included.

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Ford, John, Marty Bloss, Joe Brandt, Ramon Creager, Paul Demorest, Glenn Jones, Jintao Luo et al. „Experiences with the design and construction of wideband spectral line and pulsar instrumentation with CASPER hardware and software: The Digital Backend System“. In 2014 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi-nrsm.2014.6928112.

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Kadivar, M., B. Samuel, L. Cottee, R. Neill, C. Roope, L. Arlott und A. Barwise. „Factors Influencing Construction of Floating Offshore Wind Farms on the West Coast of the United States“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35358-ms.

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Abstract This study focuses on enhancing our understanding of key factors influencing the construction of floating offshore wind farms along the west coast of the United States. It explores geophysical, geological, and geotechnical aspects, specifically aiming to predict and address key considerations for cable and anchor installation. The study examines various factors, such as seismic activities including earthquakes and tsunamis, liquefaction potential, submarine landslide potential, and steep seabed gradients, which are critical in shaping engineering approaches. Also, the identification of hard grounds, paleochannels, soft and organic soils, fluid expulsion features and shallow gas pockets are explored for their influence on design and construction. The research also emphasizes the importance of recognizing sensitive marine habitats and understanding existing ocean usage and anthropogenic features for environmentally conscious and safe project planning. By proactively engaging with these factors, this study aims to provide insightful recommendations and strategies for the successful development of floating offshore wind farms in this region. It underscores the importance of comprehensive risk assessment and customized engineering solutions to ensure the long-term viability and sustainability of these renewable energy projects.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Dwellings – united states – design and construction"

Chambers. PR-348-09602-R01 Determine New Design and Construction Techniques for Transportation of Ethanol. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010546.

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This report summarizes results of the research study titled, �Determine New Design and Construction Techniques for Transportation of Ethanol and Ethanol/Gasoline Blends in New Pipelines� (WP #394 / DTPH56-09-T-000003). It was prepared for the United States Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Office of Pipeline Safety. The technical tasks in this study included activities to characterize the impact of selected metallurgical processing and fabrication variables on ethanol stress corrosion cracking (ethanol SCC) of new pipeline steels, develop a better understanding of conditions that cause susceptibility to ethanol SCC in fuel grade ethanol (FGE) to support better monitoring and control, and develop data / insights to provide industry-recognized standards and guidelines to reduce the occurrence of ethanol SCC. This research was approached through a collaboration of Honeywell Process Solutions (Honeywell), the Edison Welding Institute (EWI), and Electricore Inc. (prime contractor) with oversight and co-funding by the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) and Colonial Pipeline. The program's tasks were as follows: Evaluation of Steel Microstructure Effect on Ethanol SCC Resistance Effects of Welding and Residual Stress Evaluation of Surface Treatment Effects Evaluate Effects of Pipe Manufacturing Process Specification of Polymeric Materials for New Construction Control and Monitoring of Oxygen Uptake Internal Corrosion Monitoring Standardization of SCC Test Methods Roadmap for Industry Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Pipeline Handling of FGE

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Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, Jose Mattei-Sosa, John Brasher, Jacob Lalley und Christopher Griggs. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

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Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS) has cartridge filters to remove sediments and a granular activated carbon (GAC) media filter to remove organic compounds that might compete with PFAS in the ion exchange process, although it may also remove PFAS too. The last process is an ion exchange resin specifically designed to remove PFAS to a target level of 70 ng/L or less (equivalent to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water Health Advisory). The system was tested at Hurlburt Field, a US Air Force facility in Florida and at Naval Support Activity (NSA) Mid-South in Millington, TN.

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Briggs, Nicholas E., Robert Bailey Bond und Jerome F. Hajjar. Cyclic Behavior of Steel Headed Stud Anchors in Concrete-filled Steel Deck Diaphragms through Push-out Tests. Northeastern University. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering., Februar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20476962.

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Grant, Charles. Diaphragm Walls as Permanent Basement Walls in Regions of High Seismicity. Deep Foundations Institute, Juni 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2012-slwl-1.

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Reinforced concrete structural slurry walls have been used in the United States since the early 1960s. The typical practice, and one that makes the economics of slurry walls particularly attractive, is to design the walls to act as both temporary excavation support and permanent basement walls. They often serve as multi-story basements and below grade parking for buildings, for tunnels, subway stations, and other buried structures. One of the early applications was for a foundation for a subway station in San Francisco, but for the most part they have been used more extensively in regions of low seismicity. The purpose of this report is to investigate the requirements for extension of this practice to more common use in regions of high seismicity. Structural slurry walls are concrete walls constructed below the ground surface. In slurry wall construction, a trench is excavated using a rectangular clamshell bucket or other specialized equipment. During excavation, the trench is held open by introduction of a bentonite or polymer slurry. Steel reinforcement, if required, is lowered into the slurry-filled trench, and concrete is subsequently deposited by tremie, displacing the slurry. The length of trench open at any one time is limited to a typical maximum of about 20 to 24 feet by excavation stability and concrete placement volume considerations. Each individual concrete placement is referred to as a “panel,” and vertical construction joints separate the panels. Temporary “end-stops” are used as formwork to control the geometry of the panel joints, and horizontal reinforcement is discontinuous at the joints. Structural slurry panels range from 1.5 to 5.0 feet thick, 7 to 24 feet long, and up to 300 feet deep. In the United States, panels that are 2.0 to 3.5 feet thick and depths of 40 to 150 feet are commonplace. Structural basement walls support earth pressures acting laterally against the wall, dead and live loads acting vertically, and in-plane shear and flexure from wind and earthquake loads. The design of permanent slurry walls in regions of low or moderate seismicity is often limited to providing the strength necessary to resist out-of-plane soil pressures and vertical dead and live loads from the superstructure and basement framing. Although these walls also transfer in-plane lateral forces from the superstructure into the soils, the walls are often not specifically designed for these in-plane forces because their inherent strength is usually much greater than the forces being transferred. If resistance to in-plane forces acting on a wall required an increase in vertical reinforcement at the ends of a wall segment, an increase in the cap beam strength, or an increase in the horizontal reinforcement for shear strength, the overall design and construction approach would not vary significantly from current practice. Structural slurry walls have been used to a limited extent for buildings designed for high seismic risk, but there is reluctance on the part of design engineers to use them more often because of concern for how to design these walls to resist in-plane lateral forces, lack of code provisions for reinforcement detailing, and damage that may occur at panel joints. For buildings designed for high seismic risk, such as those assigned to Seismic Design Categories (SDC) D, E, and F as defined in Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-10), in-plane shear and flexural actions may likely require modifications of a structural slurry wall only designed for out-of-plane soil pressures and vertical live and dead loads. Design would need to address in-plane lateral forces acting on structural slurry walls and the interaction of the in-plane actions with the out-of-plane and vertical actions. These issues are discussed in this report, and approaches to design for high seismic risk are presented.

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Briggs, Nicholas E., und Jerome F. Hajjar. Cyclic Seismic Behavior of Concrete-filled Steel Deck Diaphragms. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20593269.

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Earthquake disasters in the United States account for $6.1 billion of economic losses each year, much of which is directly linked to infrastructure damage. These natural disasters are unpredictable and represent one of the most difficult design problems regarding constructing resilient infrastructure. Structural floor and roof diaphragms act as the horizontal portion of the lateral force resisting system (LFRS), distributing the seismically derived inertial loads out from the heavy concrete slabs to the vertical LFRS. Concrete-filled steel deck diaphragms are ubiquitously used in steel construction worldwide due to the ease of construction and cost-effective use of material. This report first presents a series of concrete-filled steel deck push-out tests that explores the effect of cyclic loading on the strength of steel headed stud anchors. The effect that cyclic loading has on structural performance is explored across different concrete densities, steel headed stud anchor placements and groupings, steel deck orientations, and edge conditions. As compared to prior tests, the push-out tests conducted in this work included four rows of studs along the length rather than the typical two rows, and an ability to impose cyclic loading. This provided novel insight into force flows, failure mechanisms, and load distribution between studs and stud groups. Most of the specimens also used lightweight concrete, as is common in high seismic zones.Secondly, this report describes a full-scale experimental concrete-filled steel deck diaphragm specimen which explored the cyclic behavior and capacity of this structural system. This experiment builds on previously reported experimental studies. This specimen demonstrated force distribution and flows in an indeterminant floor system and captured realistic boundary conditions and construction practices that affect the performance of this system in building structures. The results showed that concrete-filled steel deck diaphragms fail as expected and may have significant overstrength. Furthermore, a finite element framework is presented that can simulate cyclic fracture through the use of a high-fidelity steel material model. This framework was used and validated against nine experimental push-out specimens tested and documented as part of this research. The simulation capacity provides an avenue to further investigate this structural system through simulated parametric study.

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Brown Horowitz, Sigal, Eric L. Davis und Axel Elling. Dissecting interactions between root-knot nematode effectors and lipid signaling involved in plant defense. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598167.bard.

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Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogynespp., are extremely destructive pathogens with a cosmopolitan distribution and a host range that affects most crops. Safety and environmental concerns related to the toxicity of nematicides along with a lack of natural resistance sources threaten most crops in Israel and the U.S. This emphasizes the need to identify genes and signal mechanisms that could provide novel nematode control tactics and resistance breeding targets. The sedentary root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogynespp. secrete effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, leading to modifications and reprogramming of the host cells' functions, resulted in construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Plant development and defense rely mainly on hormone regulation. Herein, a metabolomic profiling of oxylipins and hormones composition of tomato roots were performed using LC-MS/MS, indicating a fluctuation in oxylipins profile in a compatible interaction. Moreover, further attention was given to uncover the implication of WRKYs transcription factors in regulating nematode development. In addition, in order to identify genes that might interact with the lipidomic defense pathway induced by oxylipins, a RNAseq was performed by exposing M. javanicasecond-stage juveniles to tomato protoplast, 9-HOT and 13-KOD oxylipins. This transcriptome generated a total of 4682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Being interested in effectors, we seek for DEGs carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among the DEGs including signal peptide, several had homology with known effectors in other nematode species, other unknown potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematodes' effectors which might interact with lipid signaling. The molecular interaction of LOX proteins with the Cyst nematode effectors illustrate the nematode strategy in manipulating plant lipid signals. The function of several other effectors in manipulating plant defense signals, as well as lipids signals, weakening cell walls, attenuating feeding site function and development are still being studied in depth for several novel effectors. As direct outcome of this project, the accumulating findings will be utilized to improve our understanding of the mechanisms governing critical life-cycle phases of the parasitic M. incognita RKN, thereby facilitating design of effective controls based on perturbation of nematode behavior—without producing harmful side effects. The knowledge from this study will promote genome editing strategies aimed at developing nematode resistance in tomato and other nematode-susceptible crop species in Israel and the United States.

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