Zeitschriftenartikel: „Dva objekty“

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Vávra, Miloš. „Dva neolitické objekty ze Smiřic“. PRAEHISTORICA 33, Nr. 1 (16.03.2017): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/25707213.2017.35.

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Gersdorfová, Zlata, Josef Hložek, Petr Menšík und Milan Procházka. „Dva opevněné objekty u Bernartic (okres Písek) : k otázce jejich vztahu, funkční interpretace a souvislostí“. Archaeologia historica, Nr. 2 (2015): 493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/ah2015-2-8.

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Đurđević, Nevena, Snježana Maksimović und Slobodan Srđan Kolaković. „UGROŽENOST PRIOBALNIH NASELJA OD POPLAVA-SLUČAJ GRADA BANJA LUKA“. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 35, Nr. 02 (30.01.2020): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/06nu01djurdjevic.

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U radu su analizirani priobalni objekti dva Banjulučka naselja: Česma i Lazarevo, koji su plavljeni u maju 2014. Kreiran je anketni upitnik koji su popunjavali stanovnici tih naselja, a koji je sadržavao podatke o stanovništvu, veličini parcele, udaljenosti objekta na parceli od korita reke, plavljenost objekata i visini štete. Analizirana je informisanost stanovništva o merama zaštite od poplava, kao i načinu na koji štite članove domaćinstva i životinje od poplava. Dobijeni rezultati su predstavljeni putem deskriptivne statistike i adekvatnih statističkih testova u analitičko-softverskom paketu SPSS v.23.

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Žarković, Boriša. „UPOREDNA ANALIZA CS „GLAVNA KLISA“ I CS „LIER““. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, Nr. 07 (25.06.2019): 1194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/03cg10zarkovic.

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Ovim radom se, na konkretnim primerima izvođenja objekta, pokušalo približiti sličnosti i razlike izvođenja radova dva slična objekta. Projekat organizacije građenja je dosta složen i zahteva da njegova izrada teče predviđenim redosledom. Najvidlјiviji efekti dobre organizacije radova (montažnih i ostalih) proističu iz kvalitetnog projekta organizacije građenja kao i upravlјanja projektima i građenjem. Osnovni cilј rada je vizuelizacija dinamike radova sa uporednim opisom rada na pozicijama iz predmera i predračuna radova. Jedan objekat je saniranje pumpne stanica „Glavna Klisa“ koja se nalazi u naselјenom mestu u Novom Sadu. Dok je drugi objekat izvođenje radova iz temelјa na fekalnoj mreži i crpna stanica na lokaciji van naselјenog mestu u radnoj zoni Sever 4 u opštini Novi Sad.

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Pajić, Ranko. „UPOREDNA ANALIZA ZGRADA SA SEIZMIČKIM ZIDOVIMA U JEDNOM I U DVA PRAVCA“. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 36, Nr. 09 (09.09.2021): 1588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/14cg02pajic.

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Prema projektnom zadatku, predviđeno su dva sistema i njihovo poređenje zajedno sa sistemom bez zidova za ukrućenje, koji je obrađen na diplomskim studijama. Spratnost objekata je podrum+prizemlje+4 sprata. Ukupno, tri različita statička sistema sa identičnom geometrijom. Prvi objekat (model III), urađen na diplomskim studijama je bez zidova za prijem horizontalnih sila, drugi objekat (model I) sadrži seizmička platna samo u Y pravcu i zbog toga su u tom pravcu grede izostale, treći objekat (model II) u oba svoja pravca ima seizmička platna, tako da su grede u potpunosti uklonjene iz konstrukcije, i seizmička sila se prihvata platnima.

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Novičić, Stefan. „PROJEKAT AB STAMBENO POSLOVNOG OBJEKTA PREMA EVROKODU I SEIZMIČKA ANALIZA TORZIONO FLEKSIBILNIH SISTEMA“. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, Nr. 04 (16.03.2019): 647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/02cg06novicic.

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Rad sadrži projekat AB konstrukcije stambeno poslovnog objekta u Novom Sadu spratnosti Po+Pr+4 prema zadatom arhitektonskom rešenju. Konstrukcija objekata projektovana kao skeletni sistem koji je ukrućen zidnim platnima u dva ortogonalna pravca. Detaljna analiza opterećenja i proračun uticaja sprovedeni su prema evropskim standardima, Evrokodovima. Projekat sadrži: analizu dejstava na konstrukciju, statički i dinamički proračun, dimenzionisanje i planove armiranja karakterističnih konstruktivnih elemenata. U istraživačkom delu master rada obrađena je tema projektovanja seizmičkih otpornih konstrukcija klasifikovanih kao "torziono fleksibilnih sistema" i "ekvivalentnih zidnih sistema".

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Mišina, Veljko, und Miloš Crnomarković. „About commissions for preservation and maintenance of religious facilities of the Serbian Ortodox Church between the two world wars“. Kultura, Nr. 164 (2019): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura1964247d.

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Gensler, Orin D. „Verbs With Two Object Suffixes“. Diachronica 15, Nr. 2 (01.01.1998): 231–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.15.2.03gen.

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SUMMARY Although verbs in Semitic routinely take a single pronominal Object-suffix, only Arabic, Ethiopic, and Akkadian allow (rarely) two cooccurrent Obj-suf-fixes (he.gives-me-it). This paper examines the rare Semitic double Obj-suffix phenomenon in its larger Afroasiatic context, comparing it to the double Obj-clitic constructions found in Egyptian, Berber, and Hausa. Significant commonalities exist. In all these languages the ordering of morphemes is V-IObj-DObj; in most, the IObj marker is 'heavy', i.e., composed of a language-specific augment adjoined to a common, near-reconstructible pronominal core; and the heavy IObj occurs closer to the V than does the light DObj. This is demonstrably idiosyncratic behavior. A global typological survey reveals that V-IObj-DObj is not a particularly favored order universally, and that heavy-before-light ordering is quite unusual. Further, the Afroasiatic V-IObj-DObj order is empirically shown to be characteristic of the oldest attested strata of the various languages, hence an archaism. These factors make independent parallel development maximally unlikely, and argue for reconstructing a double Object-clitic construction to (pre-)Proto-Semitic. RÉSUMÉ Bien que le verbe admette couramment un seul suffixe-objet dans les langues sémitiques, on ne trouve simultanément (à titre de rareté) deux suffixes-objet qu'en arabe, en éthiopien, et en akkadien (ex.: il.donne-me-le). Cet article traite de cette rareté sémitique, à savoir la construction à suffixe-objet double, dans son contexte afro-asiatique plus large, en la comparant aux constructions à clitique-objet double de l'égyptien, du berbère, et du haoussa. Toutes ces langues montrent entre elles des parallèles frappants. L'ordre des morphèmes y est toujours V-ObjI-ObjD; dans la plupart d'entre elles le morphème d'ObjI est 'lourd', c.-à-d. composé d'un augment spécifique à chaque langue particulière joint à un noyau pronominal semi-reconstructible; et 1'ObjI 'lourd' est situé plus près du thème verbale que ne 1'est l'ObjD 'léger'. Cet état de choses est manifestement idiosyncratique. Un aperçu typologique global met en évidence que l'order V-ObjI-ObjD n'est pas particulièrement favorisé parmi les langues du monde, et que l'ordre lourd-avant-léger est très rare. En outre, l'ordre V-ObjI-ObjD de l'afro-asiatique se révèle caractéristique des couches les plus vieilles des langues en question, donc un archaïsme. Ces considérations rendent peu probable un développement parallèle indépendant, et soutiennent la reconstruction à un stade (pré)protosémitique d'un syntagme à clitique-objet double. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Obschon Verben mit einem Objektsuffix im Semitischen als Normalfall gelten, können im Arabischen, Àthiopischen, und Akkadischen, wenngleich selten, zwei Objektsuffixe gleichzeitig auftreten (er.gibt-mir-es). In diesem Auf-satz wird dieses ungewöhnliche semitische Phänomen von Doppelsuffixen in einem breiteren afroasiatischen Zusammenhang betrachtet und mit den Dop-pelklitikkonstruktionen des Àgyptischen, Berberischen, und Hausa verglichen. Dabei zeigen sich Ûbereinstimmungen in wesentlichen Punkten. In alien ge-nannten Sprachen gilt die Morphemreihenfolge V-IObj-DObj; in den meisten ist der IObj-Markierer 'schwer', insofern als er aus einem für die jeweilige Ein-zelsprache spezifischen Augment und einem alien Sprachen gemeinsamen, meist rekonstruierbaren pronominalen Kern besteht; das 'schwere' IObj steht näher am Verbstamm als das 'leichte' DObj. Dieses Verhalten läßt sich als eigenartig nachweisen, denn eine global-typologische Untersuchung hat ge-zeigt, da6 in den Sprachen der Welt die Reihenfolge V-IObj-DObj nicht die be-vorzugte und da8 die Reihenfolge V-Schwer-Leicht sogar äußerst selten ist. Zudem ist, wie im Aufsatz dargelegt, die afroasiatische Reihenfolge V-IObj-DObj ausgerechnet in den ältesten jeweiligen Sprachstufen zu finden: somit ein Archaismus. All diese Faktoren lassen eine unabhängige Parallelentwicklung unwahrscheinlich erscheinen, sie bilden vielmehr Argumente fur die Annahme von einer Doppelklitikkonstruktion im (Prä-)Protosemitischen.

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Troberg, Michelle. „From indirect to direct object“. Diachronica 28, Nr. 3 (05.10.2011): 382–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.3.04tro.

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This article provides an account of the shift in the expression of the internal argument of a small class of dynamic two-place verbs best represented by aider “help” from ‘dative’, i.e., as an indirect object with the preposition à, to ‘accusative’, i.e., as a direct object with no preposition. This change is not correlated with a change in the meaning of the verbs or with any obvious change in the selectional restrictions imposed on the internal argument. One of the central results of this study is to demonstrate that the shift in argument realization was systematic and part of a broader change involving the loss of directionality as a property of prepositions in French, explaining its correlation with several other related changes in verbal complementation that also occurred in the 15th century.

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Salecl, Renata. „Genes: New Objects of Anxiety and Ignorance“. Diacritics 47, Nr. 1 (2019): 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dia.2019.0014.

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Klein, Richard. „The Object of French Studies -- Gebrauchkunst“. diacritics 28, Nr. 3 (1998): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dia.1998.0022.

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Stojanović, Aleksandar. „PROCENA STANјA AB KONSTRUKCIJE I ENERGETSKA SANACIJA ZGRADE BIVŠE MODNE KUĆE "22 DECEMBAR" U ĆUPRIJI“. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 36, Nr. 09 (10.09.2021): 1612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/14cg08stojanovic.

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Rad se sastoji iz dva dela, teorijskog i praktičnog. U teorijskom delu su obrađeni tipovi ventilisanih fasada i fasadni sistemi kompanije „Sobotec“. U praktičnom delu urađena je procena stanja objekta „22. Decembar“ u Ćupriji. Zatim je urađen proračun energetske efikasnosti za postojeće stanje objekta. Nakon predloženih mera enegetske sanacije ponovo je urađen proračun energetske efikasnosti zgrade. Na kraju, upoređeni su rezultati ova dva proračuna.

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Breneselović, Luka. „Is a shop owner allowed to expel unwanted customers from his/her premises?“ Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 93, Nr. 1 (2021): 119–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv93-28669.

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The aim of this paper is to try to correct the opinion present in the business practice of larger stores according to which the owners and users of business premises cannot expel unwanted customers / consumers from the facility. This question is currently relevant because of customers who refuse to wear protective face masks in supermarkets, pharmacies, and other stores. First, the paper demonstrates the importance of the concept of property as recognized in Serbian law, and afterwards the presentation is supplemented by comparative legal insights into foreign doctrine (the so-called privates Hausrecht of German law). The scope and limitations of the right to manage a facility, as a property right, and the issue of execution, i.e. factual protection of that right will be discussed. There are concerns that the lack of reaction of the responsible person in the store to non-compliance with epidemiological regulations could be the basis for material responsibility of the store owner and that person, but also a set of facts that increase the risk of exposure to criminal prosecution.

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Miller, D. Gary. „Gerund and gerundive in Latin“. Diachronica 17, Nr. 2 (31.12.2000): 293–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.17.2.03mil.

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SUMMARY The Latin gerundive has three distinctive properties: (i) agreement with thematic object; (ii) ungrammaticality of lexical thematic subject; and (iii) inability to take both a specifier (determiner) and a complement while infinitives can have both. A case- theoretic account within the Minimalist framework of Chomsky (1995) explains all three of these properties at once. The oldest documents in Italic and Latin support the hypothesis that the gerundive is older than the gerund + acc object. The most frequent exception to obligatory agreement into the Classical Period involves a gerundial with multiple objects, where the gender/number mismatch blocked standard agreement. Furthermore, agreement (motivated by gender conflict) with the nearest masculine or neuter D/NP was perceptually equivalent to a gerund + acc object. These two cues, in conjunction with the increase in impersonals in -um and possible word order changes, were deterministic triggers for the Latin change that introduced gerund + acc object. As a parameter setting in Italic, as in West Greenlandic, non-structural case assigned to a clause blocked checking of structural case within. In Italic, this forced the thematic object to raise for case, prompting the erroneous notion that the gerundive is passive, but there is never a change in valence. The (Proto-)Latin change was for PRO to accommodate non- structural case (from a non-overt assigner) to license structural object case checking, whence the gerund with acc object. RÉSUMÉ Le gérondif latin se distingue par trois caractéristiques: (i) son accord avec son objet thématique (ii) le statut non-grammatical de son sujet thématique (iii) l’incapacité de permettre un déterminant ainsi qu’un complément, alor les constructions infinitives peuvent accepter les deux. Un explication tiré de la “cas-théorie” selon le programme minimalist de Chomsky regroupe d’un coup ces trois caractéristiques. Les documents les plus anciens de l’italique et du latin soutiennent l’hypotèse que le gérondif prédate la construction gérond + complément accusatif. Dans l’exception la plus fréquente à concord obligatoire, un gérondial a plusieurs objets et il n’y a pas de concord ordinaire parce que le gendre et le nombre ne s’accordent pas. En ce cas, on trouve le concord avec le NP le plus proche. Une telle situation, avec un accroissement des constructions impersonelles, permet et détermine le changement en latin de la construction avec le gérondif à la construction gérond + complément accusatif. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das lateinische Gerundiv hat drei charakteristische Eigenschaften: (1) Kongruenz mit dem logischen Objekt; (2) Ungrammatikalität eines lexikalischen Agens-Arguments; und (3) Beschränkung auf entweder einen Specifier oder ein Komplement, im Gegensatz zu den Infinitiven, bei denen die Beiden auftreten können. Eine kasustheoretische Analyse im Rahmen von Chomskys (1995) Minimalistischen Programm erklärt alle drei Eigenschaften. Die ältesten literarischen Quellen zum Italischen und Lateinischen unterstützen die Hypothese, dass das Gerundiv älter ist als das Gerundium mit Akkusativobjekt. Die häufigste Ausnahme von der obligatorischen Kongruenz bis in die klassische Zeit ist die Gerundialkonstruktion mit mehreren Objekten, bei der ein Genus/Numerus-Konflikt die übliche Kongruenz verhinderte. Zudem war die Kongruenz (von widersprüchlichem Genus motiviert) mit der nächstliegenden maskulinen oder neutralen D/NP nicht von einem Gerundium mit Akkusativobjekt zu unterscheiden. Diese beiden Hinweise, zusammen mit der gestiegenen Zahl von unpersönlichen Konstruktionen auf -um und möglichen Änderungen der Wortstellung, waren die entscheidenden Anlässe für die Änderung, die das Gerundium mit Akkusativobjekt hervorbrachte.

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Mrlješ, Rade, und Aleksa Ciganović. „Diagrammatic approach to synthesis for the purpose of protecting facilities and space features: Survey of two study techniques of architect Dimitrije M. Leko from 1947-1948“. Nasledje, Nr. 20 (2019): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nasledje1920201m.

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Strzelczyk, Przemysław, und Krystyna Macek-Kamińska. „Flight controller dedicated for unmanned flying objects“. Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 19, Nr. 4 (14.12.2015): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_218/69.

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Kostenko, S. O. „Aquaculture objects DNA vaccination“. Animal Biology 20, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol20.04.034.

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Gang, Oleg. „DNA assembles nano-objects“. Physics Today 74, Nr. 3 (01.03.2021): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4707.

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Gensler, Orin D. „Double-object marking in the Koran (Corrigendum to Gensler 1998)“. Diachronica 17, Nr. 1 (31.12.2000): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.17.1.19gen.

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Ehala, Martin. „The diffusion of impositional innovations in the Estonian object-marking system“. Diachronica 28, Nr. 3 (05.10.2011): 324–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.3.02eha.

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This study aims to specify to what extent the variation introduced in the Estonian object-marking system by Russian-dominant Estonian L2 speakers is spreading to the native usage of Estonian. 669 secondary school students completed a written production task and a grammaticality judgment task on object marking. The results indicate that the object-marking variation is contact-induced and that the group of fluent bilinguals acts as a bridge for impositional innovations to enter and to be accepted by native speakers. The findings also suggest that multiple causal forces influence the diffusion of innovations. While any single causal factor may drive diffusion if it is strong enough, the process is greatly facilitated when different causal factors contribute to the same direction. In this case, fairly weak contact is sufficient to induce diffusion.

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Nesset, Tore, und Julia Kuznetsova. „Constructions and language change“. Diachronica 32, Nr. 3 (27.11.2015): 365–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.32.3.03nes.

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This article reports on a corpus study of ongoing language change in Russian, whereby genitive-governing verbs like bojat’sja “fear” combine with objects in the accusative in addition to the traditionally normative genitive. While the use of the accusative is still not very frequent in Contemporary Standard Russian, we demonstrate that it is increasing and that a number of factors such as individuation (animacy), grammatical voice, frequency and verb semantics (intensionality and directionality) promote the use of the accusative. Our analysis is couched in Construction Grammar, and we show that the shift from genitive to accusative objects in Russian provides empirical support for Construction Grammar as a theory applicable to language change.

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Jovanović, Ivan. „PROJEKAT I UPOREDNA ANALIZA DVA ARMIRANOBETONSKA OBJEKTA OKVIRNOG I DOMINANTNO ZIDNOG SISTEMA PO EVROKOD STANDARDU“. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 35, Nr. 02 (19.01.2020): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/06cg02jovanovic.

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Projektnim zadatkom predviđeno je da se isprojektuju dve poslovne armiranobetonske zgrade spratnosti suteren + prizemlje +7 spratova + restoran Jedna će biti skeletno ukrućeni sistem a druga okvirni sistem. Projekat je urađen u skladu sa odredbama Evrokodova. Izdimenzionisane su sve ploče i po dva rama u oba pravca, a za istraživački deo rada detaljno upoređena ova dva objekta različitih konstruktivnih sistema, kao i različitosti ponašanja ovih konstrukcija.

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Kesić, Milica. „PROCENA STANJA, SANACIJA I POBOLJŠANJE ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI ZGRADE OSNOVNE ŠKOLE ''ŽARKO ZRENJANIN - UČA'' U NADALJU“. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 35, Nr. 07 (26.06.2020): 1239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/08cg17kesic.

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Rad se sastoji od dva nezavisna dela. Prvi deo rada predstavlja teorijsko-istraživački deo sa temom „Pasivne kuće“, gde je opisan sam pojam pasivnih kuća, projektovanje novih zgrada i obnova postojećih zgrada na pasivni standard. U drugom delu prikazan je tehnički opis objekta osnovne škole. Izvršen je vizuelni makroskopski pregled objekta u cilju utvrđivanja trenutnog stanja objekta. Urađen je proračun energetske efikasnosti. Na osnovu ovog proračuna i vizuelnog pregleda konstrukcije, date su sanacione mere koje povećavaju trajnost objekta i poboljšavaju energetsku efikasnost, u skladu sa Pravilnikom o energetskoj efikasnosti zgrada.

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Fanego, Teresa. „The Development of Gerunds as Objects of Subject-Control Verbs in English (1400-1760)“. Diachronica 13, Nr. 1 (01.01.1996): 29–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.13.1.03fan.

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SUMMARY The article offers an analysis of the development of the gerund, as an alternative to the infinitive, with verbs of subject control, such as attempt, bear, decline, forbear, etc. In the course of the early Modern English period, and particularly during the first half of the 18th century, there is a steady increase in the use of the gerund with most of the verbs in question, and it is suggested that the ultimate reason behind this trend might be related to a parallel rise in the use of -ing forms in other areas of the grammar of English, and, more specifically, to the generalization of the progressive. The process of implementation of the move from infinitival to gerundive complementation is also examined: important factors promoting the diffusion of the gerund are the type of verb, the closeness of the text to an oral mode of expression and the syntactic and semantic environment. RÉSUMÉ Cet article analyse le developpement du gerondif en anglais, en concurrence avec l'infinitif, apres des verbes tels que attempt, bear, decline, for-bear, intend ou like. Au cours de la periode examinee (1400-1760), et en particulier pendant la premiere moitie du XVIIIe siecle, on assiste a une augmentation progressive dans l'emploi du gerondif avec ce type de verbe exprimant une sorte de controle. L'auteur propose qu'un tel accroissement aurait pu, en derniere analyse, se produire avec la generalisation des formes verbales en -ing dans d'autres domaines de la grammaire de l'anglais. Les facteurs qui favorisent la progression du gerondif sont surtout: le type de verbe, le style du texte et l'environnement syntaxique et/ou semantique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Aufsatz untersucht die Entwicklung des Gerundiums im Englischen als Ersatzform zum Infinitiv nach Verben wie attempt, bear, decline, forbear, intend oder like. Im Laufe der untersuchten Zeitspanne (1400-1760), beson-ders wahrend der ersten Halfte des 18. Jahrhunderts, findet eine standige Zu-nahme des Gerundium-Gebrauchs bei besagten Verbklassen statt, und es liegt nahe, daß diese Zunahme letzten Endes mit der allgemeinen Verbreitung an-derer Verbformen auf -ing in anderen Bereichen der Grammatik des Englischen in Verbindung steht. Die Faktoren, die das Vordringen des Gerundiums begünstigen, sind hauptsachlich die Verbart, der Textstil (formal versus um-gangssprachlich) und das syntaktische und semantische Umfeld.

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Farzadfard, Fahim. „DNA storage in everyday objects“. Nature Biotechnology 38, Nr. 1 (18.12.2019): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0376-8.

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Donaldson, Laurie. „3D objects via DNA nanotechnology“. Materials Today 16, Nr. 4 (April 2013): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2013.04.018.

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Cox, Jonathan P. L. „Bar coding objects with DNA“. Analyst 126, Nr. 5 (2001): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b101850g.

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Tochiyama, Hironori, Susumu Kadota, Tetunori Matuda, Mikio Maki, Kazumasa Inoue, Kazuo Yamamoto, Shinichi Oguchi, Kazuyuki Hatake und Akira Yoshida. „32. Low-contrast objects in digital subtraction angiography“. Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 49, Nr. 2 (1993): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003501078.

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Estival, Dominique. „A Diachronic Study of the English Passive“. Diachronica 6, Nr. 1 (01.01.1989): 23–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.6.1.03est.

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SUMMARY The paper presents the results of a quantitative study of the evolution of the passive construction in English. Some of the syntactic environments studied (e.g., the presence of modifiers before the participle, passivization of indirect or prepositional objects, the passive of 'accusative object' verbs or of verbs with predicative complements) have been used as tests for the syntactic category of the passive participle (Wasow 1977). The relative frequency of these environments (and others, such as coordination) in a selection of texts from different periods provide evidence that the change in the grammar of English cannot be described as the introduction of a new rule forming verbal passives instead of adjectival passives (Lightfoot 1979), but is best explained by a change in the structural description of the passive rule, due to a reformulation of the rule in terms of the notion of internal argument (Williams 1981), instead of the notion of direct, or accusative, object of the active verb. RÉSUMÉ L'article présente ici les resultats d'une étude quantitative de l'évolution de la construction passive en anglais. Certains des environnements syntaxiques considérés (par exemple la présence de modificateurs du participe passé, la passivisation d'objets indirects ou prépositionnels, le passif du sujet de complément infinitifs ou de compléments prédicatifs) ont servis de tests pour la catégorie syntaxique du participe passé passif (Wasow 1977). La fréquence relative de ces environnements (ainsi que d'autres, tels que la coordination) dans une sélection de textes de différentes périodes prouve que le changement syntaxique survenue dans la grammaire de l'anglais ne peut être décrit comme l'introduction d'une nouvelle règle qui formerait des passifs verbaux par l'opposition à des passifs adjectivaux (Lightfoot 1979), mais doit s'expliquer par un changement de la description structurelle de la règle du passif, dû à une réformulation de la règle en termes de la notion d"argument interne' (Williams 1981), plutdht que de la notion d'objet direct, ou accusatif, du verbe actif. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Aufsatz stellt das Ergebnis einer quantitativen Studie der historischen Entwicklung der Passivkonstruktion im Englischen dar. Einige der hier unter-suchten syntaktischen Umgebungen (etwa das Vorhandensein von Modifikato-ren vor der Partikel, die Passivisierung indirekter oder pràpositioneller Ob-jekte, das Passiv von 'Akkusativobjekt'-Verben oder von Verben mit prädika-tivem Komplement) sind als Test für die syntaktische Kategorie des Passivpar-tizips verwendet worden (Wasow 1977). Die relative Häufîgkeit dieser Umgebungen (und anderer, z.B. die der Koordination) in einer Textauswahl ver-schiedener Zeitabschnitte liefern den Nachweis, daß die Veränderung in der Grammatik des Englischen nicht als die Einführung einer neuen Regel, die verbale anstelle von adjektivalen Passivkonstruktionen bildet, beschrieben werden kann (Lightfoot 1979), sondern vielmehr als ein Wandel in der strukturellen Beschreibung der Passivregel, und zwar als Folge einer Neuformulierung der Regel nach MaBgabe des Prinzips eines 'internen Arguments' (Williams 1981)ß und nicht des eines direkten (Akkusativ-) Objekts des aktiven Verbs.

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Anđelić, Jelena. „PROCENA STANJA I ENERGETSKA SANACIJA VIŠESPRATNE STAMBENE ZGRADE KOJA JE IZGRAĐENA PRIMENOM IMS TEHNOLOGIJE“. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 36, Nr. 09 (10.09.2021): 1608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/14cg07andjelic.

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Rad se sastoji iz dva dijela, teorijsko-istraživačkog i praktičnog. U teorijsko-istraživačkom dijelu je obrađen montažni sistem gradnje sa posebnim osvrtom na industrijski montažni sistem IMS. U praktičnom dijelu urađena je procena stanja višespratne stambene zgrade u Novom Sadu. Zatim je urađen proračun energetske efikasnosti za postojeće stanje objekta. Nakon predloženih mjera enegetske sanacije ponovo je urađen proračun energetske efikasnosti zgrade. Na kraju, upoređeni su rezultati ova dva proračuna.

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Sansò, Andrea. „Where do antipassive constructions come from?“ Diachronica 34, Nr. 2 (14.07.2017): 175–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.34.2.02san.

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Abstract The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main sources of antipassive constructions based on a 120-language sample. The sample includes the 48 languages with an antipassive in the WALS (Polinsky 2013) + 72 further languages in which an antipassive or a functionally equivalent construction is attested (e.g., deobjective constructions, unspecified object constructions, etc.). The diachronic sources of antipassives are identified drawing on two kinds of evidence: (i) etymological reconstructions based on the comparative method; (ii) synchronic resemblance between (some features of) the source construction and (some features of) the target construction. Four main diachronic sources are recurrent in the sample: (i) agent nominalizations; (ii) generic/indefinite items filling the object position (e.g., “person” for animate objects, “(some)thing” for inanimate objects); (iii) action nominalizations, sometimes accompanied by a light verb like “do”; and (iv) morphemes encoding reflexive/reciprocal actions. For each of these sources, a diachronic scenario is proposed through which the antipassive construction might have come into existence. The article also explores the hypothesis that at least some of the functional and structural differences among antipassive constructions across languages may be explained by taking into account the diachronic sources of these constructions.

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Frost, Randy O., Gary Patronek und Elizabeth Rosenfield. „Comparison of object and animal hoarding“. Depression and Anxiety 28, Nr. 10 (23.05.2011): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20826.

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Ponti, Edoardo Maria, und Silvia Luraghi. „Non-configurationality in diachrony“. Diachronic Treebanks 35, Nr. 3 (05.11.2018): 367–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.00007.pon.

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Abstract Non-configurationality is a linguistic property associated with free word order, discontinuous constituents, including NPs, and null anaphora of referential arguments. Quantitative metrics, based both on local networks (syntactic trees and word order within sentences) and on global networks (incorporating the relations within a whole treebank into a shared graph), can reveal correlations among these features. Using treebanks we focus on diachronic varieties of Ancient Greek and Latin, in which non-configurationality tapered off over time, leading to the largely configurational nature of the Romance languages and of Modern Greek. A property of global networks (density of their spectra around zero eigenvalues) measuring the regularity in word order is shown to be strengthened from classical to late varieties. Discontinuous NPs are traced by counting the words creating non-projectivity in dependency trees: these drop dramatically in late varieties. Finally, developments in the use of null referential direct objects are gauged by assessing the percentage of third-person personal pronouns among verb objects. All three features turn out to change over time due to the decay of non-configurationality. Evaluation of the strength of their pairwise correlation shows that null direct objects and discontinuous NPs are deeply intertwined.

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Barbaro, A., P. Cormaci und A. Barbaro. „LCN DNA typing from touched objects“. International Congress Series 1288 (April 2006): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.09.114.

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Santos, Kairo da Silva, Fernando de Souza Antunes und Manoel do Couto Fernandes. „THE RIVERS, THE CITY AND THE MAP AS OBJECT OF LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS ANALYSIS“. Mercator 18, Nr. 9 (15.09.2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2019.e18021.

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Rein, Alan. „Murine Leukemia Viruses: Objects and Organisms“. Advances in Virology 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/403419.

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Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) are among the simplest retroviruses. Prototypical gammaretroviruses encode only the three polyproteins that will be used in the assembly of progeny virus particles. These are the Gag polyprotein, which is the structural protein of a retrovirus particle, the Pol protein, comprising the three retroviral enzymes—protease, which catalyzes the maturation of the particle, reverse transcriptase, which copies the viral RNA into DNA upon infection of a new host cell, and integrase, which inserts the DNA into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell, and the Env polyprotein, which induces the fusion of the viral membrane with that of the new host cell, initiating infection. In general, a productive MLV infection has no obvious effect upon host cells. Although gammaretroviral structure and replication follow the same broad outlines as those of other retroviruses, we point out a number of significant differences between different retroviral genera.

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Kiss, Katalin É. „From Proto-Hungarian SOV to Old Hungarian Top Foc V X“. Diachronica 30, Nr. 2 (28.06.2013): 202–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.2.03kis.

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This paper argues that Hungarian underwent a word order change from SOV to Top Foc V X* prior to its documented history beginning in 1192. Proto-Hungarian SOV is reconstructed primarily on the basis of shared constructions of archaic Old Hungarian, and Khanty and Mansi, the sister languages of Hungarian. The most likely scenario of the change from head-final to head-initial was the spreading of right dislocation, and the reanalysis of right dislocated elements by new generations of speakers as arguments in situ. In Hungarian — as opposed to Khanty and Mansi — right dislocation was facilitated by the extension of differential object marking to all direct objects. The change in basic word order initiated the restructuring of other parts of Hungarian grammar as well, which is a still ongoing process. [As of June 2015, this article is available as Open Access under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license.]

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Maffeo, Christopher, und Aleksei Aksimentiev. „MrDNA: a multi-resolution model for predicting the structure and dynamics of DNA systems“. Nucleic Acids Research 48, Nr. 9 (31.03.2020): 5135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa200.

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Abstract Although the field of structural DNA nanotechnology has been advancing with an astonishing pace, de novo design of complex 3D nanostructures and functional devices remains a laborious and time-consuming process. One reason for that is the need for multiple cycles of experimental characterization to elucidate the effect of design choices on the actual shape and function of the self-assembled objects. Here, we demonstrate a multi-resolution simulation framework, mrdna, that, in 30 min or less, can produce an atomistic-resolution structure of a self-assembled DNA nanosystem. We demonstrate fidelity of our mrdna framework through direct comparison of the simulation results with the results of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstruction of multiple 3D DNA origami objects. Furthermore, we show that our approach can characterize an ensemble of conformations adopted by dynamic DNA nanostructures, the equilibrium structure and dynamics of DNA objects constructed using off-lattice self-assembly principles, i.e. wireframe DNA objects, and to study the properties of DNA objects under a variety of environmental conditions, such as applied electric field. Implemented as an open source Python package, our framework can be extended by the community and integrated with DNA design and molecular graphics tools.

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König, Ekkehard, und Peter Siemund. „The development of complex reflexives and intensifiers in English“. Diachronica 17, Nr. 1 (31.12.2000): 39–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.17.1.04kon.

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SUMMARY Based on some well-established insights into the historical development of English and on a broad typological survey of the relevant domain, an analysis of the development of reflexive anaphors is provided, which raises and answers a number of new questions. The traditional assumption that reflexive anaphors in English developed as a result of combining personal pronouns with the intensifier self is put on solid foundations by a semantic analysis of intensifiers which makes such a development plausible. We argue that the development of complex reflexives in English is also semantically motivated insofar as it started in the context of “unexpected co-reference”, i.e. in the object position of other-directed predicates. The further propagation of this development is in complete harmony with some well-known typological hierarchies: 3rd person > 1st/2nd person; direct object > indirect object; argument > adjunct. Our analysis, which assigns the central role in the development and renovation of reflexive anaphors to intensifiers, also throws some interesting light on the form, meaning and distribution of anaphors, intensifiers and so-called ‘locally-free reflexives’ in Modern English, as well as on some theoretical controversies. RÉSUMÉ Nous allons tenter une analyse de l’évolution historique des pronoms réfléchis en anglais sur la base de quelques faits historiques connus ainsi que sur celle d’une vaste enquête typologique dans le domaine en question. Dans le cadre de cette analyse des questions d’un genre nouveau seront posées auxquelles nous allons essayer de répondre. L’opinion fréquemment énoncée selon laquelle les pronoms réfléchis se développeraient à partir d’une fusion de pronoms personnels et d’intensificateurs (ae. self) reçoit une base solide par une analyse sémantique des intensificateurs qui rend plausible une telle évolution. Le développement des pronoms réfléchis complexes en anglais est motivé selon nous sémantiquement entre autres par le fait que l’on observe ce phénomène d’abord dans le contexte d’une ‘co-référence inattendue’, c’est-à-dire dans les positions d’objets de ‘außengerichteter Prädikate’. La propagation ultérieure de cette innovation correspond aux prévisions d’hiérarchies typologiques connues: 3e pers. > 1ère/2e pers.; c.o.d. > c.o.i.; actant > circonstant. Notre analyse, qui attribue le rôle principal aux intensificateurs quant au développement et à l’innovation de la réfléxivité, jette une lumière différente sur quelques controverses théoriques ainsi que sur les propriétés des pronoms réfléchis, les intensificateurs et les soi-disant pronoms ‘réfléchis localement libres’ (réfléchis indirect). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Auf der Grundlage von bekannten historischen Fakten sowie einer breit angelegten typologischen Bestandsaufnahme in dem relevanten Bereich wird eine Analyse der historischen Entwicklung von Reflexivpronomina im Englischen entwickelt, die neue Fragen stellt und beantwortet. Die häufig geäußerte Auffassung, daß sich Reflexiva durch eine Fusion von Personalpronomina und Intensifikatoren (dt. selbst; ae. self) entwickelten, erhält eine solide Fundierung durch eine semantische Analyse von Intensifikatoren, die eine solche Entwicklung plausibel macht. Die Entwicklung von komplexen Reflexiva im Englischen ist unserer Auffassung nach auch insofern semantisch motiviert, als zunächst im Kontext von “unerwarteter Ko-referenz”, d.h. in Objektpositionen von außengerichteten Prädikaten zu beobachten ist. Die weitere Verbreitung dieser Innovation entspricht den Voraussagen von bekannten typologischen Hierarchien: 3. Person > 1./2. Person; direktes Objekt > indirektes Objekt; Argument > Adjunkt. Unsere Analyse, die den Intensifikatoren die zentrale Rolle in der Entwicklung und Erneuerung von Reflexivität zuweist, wirft auch neues Licht auf die Eigenschaften von Reflexipronomina, Intensifikatoren und die sog. ‘lokal freien Reflexiva’ im heutigen Englisch, ebenso wie auf einige theoretische Kontroversen.

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Cabitza, Federico, Angela Locoro und Aurelio Ravarini. „3D printing objects as knowledge artifacts for a do-it-yourself approach in clinical practice“. Data Technologies and Applications 52, Nr. 1 (05.02.2018): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dta-03-2017-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of the digital do-it-yourself (DiDIY) in the medical domain. In particular, the main contribution of the paper is the analysis and discussion of a questionnaire-based user study focused on 3D printing (3DP) technology, which was conducted among clinicians of one of the most important research hospital group in Lombardy, Italy. Design/methodology/approach A general reflection on the notion of knowledge artifacts (KAs) and on the use of 3DP in medicine is followed by the research questions and by a more detailed analysis of the specialist literature on the usage of 3DP technology for diagnostic, training and surgical planning activities for clinicians and patients. The questionnaire-based user study design is then emerging from the conceptual framework for DiDIY in healthcare. To help focus on the main actors and assets composing the 3DP innovation roles in healthcare, the authors model: the DiDIY-er as the main initiator of the practice innovation; the available technology allowing the envisioning of new practices; the specific activities gaining benefits from the innovative techniques introduced; and the knowledge community continuously supporting and evolving knowledge practices. Findings The authors discuss the results of the user study in the light of the four main components of our DiDIY framework and on the notion of KA. There are differences between high expertise, or senior, medical doctors (MDs) and relatively lower expertise MDs, or younger MDs, regarding the willing to acquire 3DP competences; those who have seen other colleagues using 3DP are significantly more in favor of 3DP adoption in medical practices, and those who wish to acquire 3DP competence and do-by-themselves are significantly more interested in the making of custom-made patient-specific tools, such as cutting guides and templates; there are many recurrent themes regarding how 3DP usage and application may improve medical practice. In each of the free-text questions, there were comments regarding the impact of 3DP on medical knowledge practices, such as surgical rehearsal, surgery, pathology comprehension, patient-physician communication and teaching. Originality/value The 3DP adoption in healthcare is seen favorably and advocated by most of the respondents. In this domain, 3DP objects can be considered KAs legitimately. They can support knowledgeable practices, promote knowledge sharing and circulation in the healthcare community, as well as contribute to their improvement by the introduction of a new DiDIY mindset in the everyday work of MDs.

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Gorelik, V. S., und I. I. Sutula. „Photoluminescence of nucleic bases, DNA, and biological objects“. Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute 37, Nr. 5 (Mai 2010): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106833561005009x.

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Kita, Toshiro, Hiroki Yamaguchi, Mitsuru Yokoyama, Toshiko Tanaka und Noriyuki Tanaka. „Morphological study of fragmented DNA on touched objects“. Forensic Science International: Genetics 3, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2008): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.09.002.

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Victorenkov, Vladimir E. „On the structure of digraphs of polynomial transformations over finite commutative rings with unity“. Discrete Mathematics and Applications 28, Nr. 4 (28.08.2018): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dma-2018-0023.

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Abstract The paper describes structural characteristics of the digraph of an arbitrary polynomial transformation of a finite commutative ring with unity. A classification of vertices of the digraph is proposed: cyclic elements, initial elements, and branch points are described. Quantitative results on such objects and heights of vertices are given. Besides, polynomial transformations are shown to have cycles whose lengths coincide with the lengths of cycles of the induced polynomial transformation over the field R/ℜ, where ℜ is the radical of the finite commutative local ring R.

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WASMANA, WASMANA. „PENDEKATAN OBJEKTIF DALAM MENGAPRESIASI TEKS DRAMA DI KELAS VI SEKOLAH DASAR“. Psikodidaktika: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Psikologi, Bimbingan dan Konseling 4, Nr. 1 (19.07.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/psikodidaktika.v4i1.757.

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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi masih rendahnya aktivitas dan kemampuan siswa dalam mengapresiasi teks drama di kelas VI Sekolah Dasar.Terkait dengan permasalahan tersebut maka yang menjadi masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut. 1) Bagaimana aktivitas mengapresiasi teks drama pada siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar dengan menggunakan pendekatan objektif?, 2) Bagaimana kemampuan mengapresiasi teks drama pada siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar setelah menerapkan pendekatan objektif? Tujuan dalam penelitian yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas dan kemampuan pembelajaran mengapresiasi teks drama dengan pendekatan objektif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yaitu model Hopkins yang peneliti kembangkan kedalam tiga siklus pada setiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua tindakan. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 44 orang siswa kelas VI SDN Sinarjari. Pengumpulan data penelitian dengan lembar observasi, catatan lapangan, tes, penilaian aktivitas, LKS, kuesioner, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut. 1) Aktivitas siswa mengapresiasi teks dramapada siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar menggunakan pendekatan objektif meningkat. Peningkatan aktivitas ditunjukan dengan peningkatan skor rata-rata mulai siklus I yaitu 1,83, siklus II yaitu 2,27, siklus III yaitu 3,40. Selain itu ditunjukan dengan peningkatan rata-rata nilai LKS sebagai berikut, nilai rata-rata siklus I yaitu 65,05, nilai rata-rata siklus II yaitu 71,67, dan nilai rata-rata siklus III yaitu 88,89. 2) Kemampuan mengapresiasi teks drama pada siswa kelas VI Sekolah Dasar dengan menggunakan pendekatan objektif meningkat. Peningkatan tersebut ditunjukan dengan perolehan rata-rata nilai evaluasi siklus I yaitu 51,35, rata-rata nilai evaluasi siklus II yaitu 66,05, dan rata-rata nilai evaluasi siklus III yaitu 76,13. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan objekif dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan kemampuan siswa dalam mengapresiasi teks drama di kelas VI Sekolah Dasar. Peneliti merekomendasikan bagipenelitian berikutnya supaya mengembangkan metode pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengapresiasi teks drama.

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Palviainen, Åsa, und Arja Piirainen-Marsh. „När barnet blir expert: Förklaringar av ord och procedurer i det digitala spelet Growtopia“. Språk och stil NF 28 (2018) (03.02.2019): 48–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-376234.

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The ability to explain word meanings is central to a child’s language development and socialisation into different domains of language use. In previous research explanations have been shown to be linked to cognitive and linguistic development as well as academic language and discursive skills. This paper analyses what kinds of linguistic and discursive competences are put to use in explanation activities in interactions between an 8-year-old bilingual child (Albin) and his mother around a digital game. The data comes from a larger data set of video-recordings and field observation of children’s interactions around games. The analysis focuses on explanation sequences in which the child explicates the meaning of objects and procedures in the game world. The analysis shows how explanations are initiated, how they unfold in interaction and how they make relevant asymmetrical roles for the participants, allowing the child to construct a position of knowledge with regard to the game, an important part of his life world. More specifically, the analysis elucidates how Albin’s explanations highlight semantic features and relations that are meaningful for him and how he employs a wide range of linguistic and other semiotic resources in constructing his explanations in a context-sensitive way. The findings shed light on linguistic, interactional and multimodal features of explanations as a discourse activity and provide a window into practices of two-way language socialization in the family.

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Díaz Montesinos, Francisco, und Florentino Paredes García. „Convergence and divergence in the use of third-person atonic pronouns in Madrid and Malaga“. Sociolinguistic patterns and processes of convergence and divergence in Spanish 17, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.00058.dia.

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Abstract This paper describes the linguistic situation of pronominal clitics used as direct objects (DO) in two Spanish speech communities, Malaga and Madrid, which use, respectively, the etymological system and referential system, the two basic clitic systems that have been described for Spanish. The initial hypothesis is that both communities are undergoing a process of convergence with the educated pan-Hispanic model, which permits leísmo (use of le) with a masculine, singular person. Thus, the analyses successively restricted the corpus of clitics with the aim of determining how linguistic and social conditions affect each type of leísmo: apparent and real leísmo, leísmo with things, leísmo with a feminine person, leísmo with animals, leísmo with a masculine, plural person, and leísmo with a masculine, singular person.

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Knežević, Milica. „PROJEKAT KAJAKAŠKOG KLUBA NA RIBARSKOM OSTRVU U NOVOM SADU“. Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, Nr. 08 (28.07.2019): 1371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/03fa10knezevic.

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Na području Ribarskog ostrva u Novom Sadu, osmišljen je prostor za praktikovanje jednog od danas popularnijih sportova na vodi, a to jeste kajakaštvo. Detaljnim analizama kako samog sporta, nakon toga i lokacije na kojoj se dati objekat planira a sve to praćeno i studijama slučaja, dolazi se do skladnog rješenja koji upotpunjava program samog projektnog zadatka. Budući da se na području Novog Sada nalaze već dva manja kluba, planirani objekat će pospješiti razvoj datog sporta na području Novom Sada, a svojom formom materijalizacijom i samim položajem predstavljati i jedan od atraktivnijih dijelova na samom ostrvu.

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Prinz, Mechthild, Linnea Schiffner, James A. Sebestyen, Ewelina Bajda, Jeannie Tamariz, Robert C. Shaler, Howard Baum und Theresa Caragine. „Maximization of STR DNA typing success for touched objects“. International Congress Series 1288 (April 2006): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.10.051.

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Buckingham, Alycia K., Michelle L. Harvey und Roland A. H. van Oorschot. „The origin of unknown source DNA from touched objects“. Forensic Science International: Genetics 25 (November 2016): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.07.015.

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Neigel, J. E. „A Prototype Object Database for Mitochondrial DNA Variation“. Journal of Heredity 95, Nr. 1 (01.01.2004): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esh015.

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