Dissertationen zum Thema „Dualisme (philosophie de l'esprit)“
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Chabin, Thomas. „Le Problème de l'âme et de l'esprit“. Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mind-body problem is one of the main centers of reflexion of contemporary philosophy. Generally coming from the supposed failure of the Cartesian interactionist dualism, most philosophers of the mind adopt a physicalist ontology. However this one seems to meet with insuperable difficulties : it can't give physicalist explanation of qualia, naturalyse intentionnality, suggest a satisfactory explanation of the implementation of logical standards. That is why materialistic theories of the mind turn into epiphenomenalism or eliminativism. Therefore the study of other conceptions is necessary. On this topic, classical philosophers have suggested some theories (interactionism, panpsychism, parallelism, occasionalism) about which philosophers of mind attach little value maybe because these theories often admet the spiritual reality of the mind, an idea which doesn't seem to match with the principles of science. However one should wonder on the one hand if scientific explanation is rightfully able to explain the whole reality and, on the other hand, if the conception of science supported by the majority of physicalists is true. The psychophysical reductionism doesn't take into account its incompletness and fail to explain emergent phenomena. All these criticisms of materialism allow to conceive the possibility of spiritual nature of the mind. This wiew doesn't necessary clash with science, and can't avoid the darwinian theory of evolution asking the question of emergence of mind. These considerations allow to defend a form of popperian dualism
Devers, Nathan. „L’émergence de l’esprit : une approche énactive de la vie mentale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 3, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BOR30001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow can we understand cognition without inheriting all the latent or explicit after-effects of the dualist paradigm that continues to permeate cognitive sciences? Founded in the early 1990s, the enactive approach refers to a movement which, situated at the crossroads of several fields of study - the philosophy of biology, the philosophy of mind, the cognitive sciences, epistemology and phenomenology - aims precisely to apprehend mental life in terms of its embodiment. But how can the concept of enaction produce a unified understanding of cognition? The issue of our thesis is to show that, despite the ramification of the research that forms part of this current, they rest on the same guiding ambition : the will to dissolve the problems which arise from the opposition established by dualism between body and mind, and to set up mental life as a unitary phenomenon, without imposing pre-constituted cleavages on its study. More precisely, enactivism enables us to identify, and thus criticize, three post-Cartesian configurations of dualism. Against the imaginary of neurocentrism, which describes the brain as the exclusive place of the mind, autopoietic theory aims to draw out the circularity of cognitive processes from the enclosure organization of biological systems, enabling us to observe mental activity emerging within the very heart of living organisms. Against the paradigm of representationalism, the idea of “embodied cognition” refuses to consider subject and object as epistemic foundations that would exchange objective data, nor to postulate the pre-constituted existence of a self and a world, but studies the way in which these two fields mutually emerge throughout their interaction. By insisting on the sensory-motor structuring of experience, it avoids the intellectualist tradition which established an opaque boundary between perception and praxis. Because it describes the way in which the self and the world “enact” themselves, the enactive approach enables us to overcome the antinomy that reigned in philosophy of mind between first- and third-person perspectives, i.e. between the desire to describe consciousness from within or to objectify it. Because it creates the conditions for a fruitful dialogue between phenomenology and the cognitive sciences, this approach invites philosophy to rethink its task, halfway between lived experience and the demand for scientificity
Fadeuilhe, Francis. „Les théories de l'évidence et le dualisme philosophique“. Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe live with evidences, and however there exists no theory (no satisfying theory) of evidence. Even those who, from Descartes to Husserl, have depended on it, have not completely clarified it. One can see there the constitution of "systems of sensible symbols", of which the accord with the reality produces the evidence properly so called. But thus so explained, it stays "dual", as it lays down the "I" at the same time that the reality this "I" apprehends. This "I" of the evidence is the one which lives in the consciousness, itself evident for us. In fact, this evidence of the consciousness can be precised by two other evidences: - that of the animal consciousness - that of the non-consciousness of machines if these evidences are admitted, then it is possible to distinguish two levels of consciousness, that it is proposed to call a and b, because they do not coincide with the traditional carving up (such as "spontaneous" and "reflected"). The consciousness a separates "me" and "the world" in a pure intentional action. The conscious- ness b is born in the consciousness a and lives with it from the moment from which this denies this separation. This negation is the invention of the transcendence or of the philosophical dualism, which characterizes the human being. One tries to verify it by showing how the "nature of man" (beauty, humor, the tool, etc. . . ) Can be created in each of us by this fundamental philosophical dualism, and how it tends to constitute a dualistic structure at the summit of which faith and wisdom oppose each other in an irreducible duality
De, Nooy Juliana. „Entre autres : Derrida, Kristeva et la limite entre“. Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA070070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis seeks to describe the space between two theories which each discuss "the space between". Despite several common objectives (notably the pursuit of double, ambiguous or undecidable figures to supplant the binary opposition and the synthesis), the work of jacques derrida and that of julia kristeva in no way coincide where the production of differences is concerned, derrida opting for "detours", avoiding confrontation, equally avoiding the thetic position, kristeva arguing for a dialectical movement engendering conflict between the thetic position and its rejection. However, in describing their divergence, the whole problematic of structures of difference is reproduced. The representation of the distinction between the two theories as confrontation or as hiatus cannot be separated from the preoccupations of derrida and kristeva. The major differences which emerge from this study concern ways of conceiving limits, which in kristeva's work are resistant frontiers, sites of struggle between two inseparable movements. . .
Dennes, Maryse. „Dualisme et principe de totalité : recherche d'un fondement de la différence entre la Russie et l'Occident“. Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRussia and the west have both claimed being in possession of the true nature of the being and this is what led them to totalitarian overflowings. Well, it is not the being which appears in history but only either of its modalities. From "dualism" and "totality", the real conditions of these manifestations can be described. On the base of original attitudes, they allow us to understand how the human reality can stay in keeping with what fundamentally settles it in the world and in history. Russia and the west had both a specific form of development but, in each case, that form of development was led to saturation. In the outcome of the western way of being, facing the global grasp of technique, it is the domain of art and culture which, alone, can retrieve the conditions of the human being's achievement. And in this way, by preserving the difference between russia and the west, the being is kept beyond its diverse manifestations. Making again the statement of the ontological question then becomes a way to point out how a fall back into totalitarianism can be avoided. It may allow us to understand how, in a world dominated by sciences, man still keeps the space of his liberty
Dragan, Radu. „Espace du corps, espace du monde : études sur les représentations de l'espace de la société traditionnelle : le cas roumain“. Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleI. The cosmogonical myth: analysis of myth. The dualism: the right, the bad and the table of oppositions of the pythagoreans. The devil and god. The cosmogonical dip. Systems of transformations: sequences, groups, ensembles. Flat earth and wrinkled earth. The trickster and the double kingship. The formation of space: the templum and the divisions of space. The ocean and the fish-pillars. St simeon stylite. A cybernetical system. The logic character of dualism. Ii. Space of this world. 1. The territory. Founding of the village. The founding ancestor, a fiction permitting the ownership of territory. The forest, the village and the limit. The strip-cut hide and ritual circumambulation around the territory. Tracing of boundaries: marks, signs and boundary stones. The "soul's part". Dualist systems in eastern europe. Breachs in space: the limit and the hole. Passing from one world to another across the limit. The village and the territory of the dead. 2. The home. The symbolic complex of the guardian spirit. The logical nature of the foundation sacrifice. St. George and the cosmic year. The structure of the inhabited space. 3. The body. Alterity of within. The extent: formation of this notion. Orifices and danger. Body and space: grammatical structure and ritual three-terms structures. Function of body's orifices. The body as metaphor of space. In, within, into: three types of positions in space. Iii. Space of other world. Space of fairy-tales. Invasion of imaginary in real space. Wandering souls and ghosts. The mass of forty days in byzance and the continuity of the two worlds. The water of the dead and the female body. Souls travel towards other world: the two paths. The linen bridge and the customs of the sky. The souls home in paradise. Perspectives. The hertz's study on the right hand. The non-contradiction principle and the three-dimensional space. The innate character of spatial representations. Chomsky and his universal grammar. Classical logic and polyvalent logic of the symbolic thinking. Space and language. Hubel and wiesel's researchs on the innate character of spatial perception. The topologic character of spatial representations in traditional societies
Steward, Helen. „The philosophy of mind : events, processes, and states /“. Oxford : Clarendon press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37057450q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBermúdez, José Luis. „Thinking without words /“. New York : Oxford university press, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390039673.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrankish, Keith. „Mind and supermind /“. Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39272804g.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriki, Fathi. „La formation de l'esprit historien chez les arabes“. Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010567.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. „Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Blanchet, Jean-Michel. „Bergson et Merleau-Ponty : la perception et le corps percevant : étude pour une philosophie du corps“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040116/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe philosophy of subject proposes a contradictory definition of the subject of experience because they do not conceive it from and according to the perceptual experience. Therefore, they are led to define the subject of experience as the subject of the irreducibility of experience whereas the subject is an inner and irreducible dimension of the irreducibility of experience itself. Now, the determination of the subject of experience from and according to experience itself leads to the paradox of self-reference. I think that taking into account the paradox of experience implies interrelationally conceiving the subject of that which she is the subject. This is what I attempt to tackle here
Dos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. „Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Fouré, Lionel. „Le traitement moral de Pinel : épistémologie et philosophie de l'esprit de l'aliénisme“. Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010694.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouchand, Jacques. „Aspects psycholinguistiques de l'acquisition d'une théorie de l'esprit“. Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT5016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOhlen, Henning. „Zur Bedeutung mentaler Zustände /“. Münster : Lit, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355483026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCloitre, Gaël. „Dualisme et énigme de la raison : de Platon à Schiller“. Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research work tries to question the function and the significance of dualism in Western philosophy, by centering the reflection on Platonic dualism of "intelligible" and "sensible" and on the aesthetic caesura opposing, according to Schiller, the form and the matter. The plurality of the concept of dualism invites us to understand how opposition of the irreducible can communicate with our identity as with our conscience. Dualism, far from imposing a radical exteriority or foreign divisions to our human nature, allows us to question the human compound like a living present, able to cultivate the complementarity of its forces. The thought of dualism is a dual thought : while affirming an irreducible separation between two fundamental authorities for Man, she is always turned at the same time towards what exceeds the measure of Man and towards what allows him to affirm identity of his being
Spetschinsky, Sergueï. „Dualisme et réflexion: le passage entre théorique et pratique dans la philosophie transcendantale d'Immanuel Kant“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209732.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mendoza, Bustos Sergio Antonio. „La philosophie naturelle d'Aristote et le problème contemporain de l'inscription corporelle de l'esprit“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe steady progress of experimental science and information technologies has led several researchers in the neurosciences to affirm that we are now closer than ever to disclosing the way in which the physiological organisation of the brain produces the higher functions of the nervous system. Consequently, these renowned scientists have proposed hypotheses, elaborated theories and developed numerical simulation models in order to explain the emergence of consciousness from the mechanics of neural signaling and the adaptation of the brain’s neural circuits. Philosophers are currently also seeking the solution to the problem of explaining the unity of body and mind on the basis of this knowledge. But as this approach implies describing mental phenomena in terms of the underlying physical phenomena, their reflections generally lead either to a reductionist description of the mind or to a dualist theory. For this reason, certain of them have recently proposed that such research should look for inspiration in the natural philosophy of Aristotle. However, several of the arguments advanced by these contemporary researchers in the support of their theses are flawed by errors of principle, of comprehension or of method, which place serious doubt upon the solidity of their propositions. In the present dissertation these arguments are placed under detailed scrutiny in order to pinpoint the main difficulties and discard them, allowing a clearer evaluation of the true contribution of these propositions to our understanding of the natural unity formed by body and the mind. This project is divided into three major sections. The first is intended to present the current state of experimental research in neurobiology; the second evaluates two representative models from current theoretical research in neuroscience; and the third endeavours to come to as exact an understanding as possible of the way in which Aristotle treats the unity of the body and the soul, to which the intellect v i belongs in the particular case of man and whose concept does not exactly match the contemporary concept of mind. There are three general observations that can be drawn from this examination. Firstly, in reality neurobiology does not seek to explain the phenomenal aspects of the brain’s higher functions, only their neurological bases, because as an experimental science it is bound by natural limits. Secondly, the arguments put forth by theoretical models of consciousness in favour of a biological understanding of the higher neurological functions are mainly based on the alteration of the meaning of words associated with cognition in order to make the transition from biological to mental phenomena. These phenomena would then be understood essentially as the result of statistical inference accomplished by neuronal signaling, made possible by the adaptive restructuring of neural circuits. Thirdly, Aristotle’s natural philosophy truly succeeds in uniting body and soul, but his explanation of this unity is not founded on the mechanisms of perception and movement in the animal, but rather on the principles underlying his study of nature, and the objections that have been raised against his arguments have been based on fragmentary or biased readings of his writings, and on an erroneous or superficial understanding of the fundamental concepts of his philosophy. These observations allow us to draw the conclusion that the proper task of the philosophy of nature is not to accommodate its reflections concerning the unity of body, soul and spirit to the results of experimental science, but rather that of formulating the principles that unify the different aspects of reality upon which the different sciences are based.
Āyatollahi, Shirazeh. „L' expression du dualisme dans l'oeuvre poétique de Joë Bousquet“. Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT3020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe author of the present thesis analyses the expression of the dualism in the poetic work of Joë Bousquet (1987-1950). When Bousquet, injured in the front line in 1918, is paralysed, the poetry becomes the reason of his life. His dualist thoughts are reflected in his work: everything can exist with its contrary. His whole work contains contradictory elements that can coexist, complete or abolish each other. Using the different forms of dichotomy, Bousquet associates every category with its opposite and in this way poetry becomes a harmonious game of coexistence’s opposites. It expresses life and death, positive and negative, fact and fiction, word and idea. The principles of duality are expressed in the double and the negation. His imaginary approaches him to the surrealist movement. The metaphors, rhythm and music of sentences and verse contribute to construct literary images where the movement compensates for the poet paralysis. The vision replaces the step. The art of applying his thoughts in his work offers to it an outstanding originality
Steiner, Pierre. „De l'externalisme de la signification à l'externalisation de la pensée : usages contemporains du pragmatisme en philosophie de l'esprit et en philosophie des sciences cognitives“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX1A089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWorms, Frédéric. „Le problème de l'esprit : psychologie, théorie de la connaissance et métaphysique dans l'oeuvre de Bergson“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents an interpretation of Bergson's major books, which leads to an hypothesis concerning the unity of this thought as well as the requirements of a philosophy of mind in general the aim has been to take into account both the peculiarities of Bergson's philosophy, and the various problems of general interest which characterize his work and make its importance : problems in psychology (psychophysics, interpretation of spoken language, psychophysiology, sociology of religion, etc) theory of knowledge (foundation of objective knowledge, pragmatic theory of science etc), and metaphysics (dualism, freedom, etc). It is only through a careful and cursory reading of each biik that these aspects can be dealt with simultaneously, without losing their specificity. This reading, although made at differently detailed scales, reveals a common strucutre, and a few major problems, which may be those of any philosophy of mind
Bandini, Aude. „De l'épistémologie à l'ontologie : science, métaphysique et philosophie de l'esprit dans l'oeuvre de Wilfrid Sellars“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHayat, Michaël. „Dynamique des formes et représentation : vers une biosymbolique de l'humain“. Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010576.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHanse, Olivier Cluet Marc Vondung Klaus. „Rythme et civilisation dans la pensée allemande autour de 1900“. Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204429/fr.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBen, Arous Mohamed. „Crépuscule de l'esprit de système : Nietzsche critique de Spinoza“. Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081843.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDéziel, Stéphanie. „Formation de l'esprit critique et société de consommation“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27820/27820.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLoth, François. „Causalité mentale et ontologie des propriétés“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1PH03.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe problem of mental causation is traditionally the problem of understanding how a mental substance could interact with a physical substance. Many philosophers these days reject immaterial minds but the problem of mental causation has not gone away. The focus is on how mental properties can be causally relevant to behaviour. This work examines the problem of mental causation and analyses various solutions offered by the literature on the subject. It brings objection to standard resolutions, and establishes a point of reference: the clarification of the underlying ontology. It focuses on mental properties and argues that they should justify causality inside the physical world. The answer offered here, applies the concept of particular properties (i. E. Trope) considered as particularized ways of being, and suggests an identity for mental and physical instances
Gaudemard, Lynda. „Concevoir et imaginer : Imagination, Idée, et Intelligibilité du Dualisme chez Descartes“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral dissertation concerns the substantial Cartesian dualism and its relation with union in the light of the link between imagination and ideas. If imagination was removed since 1630 and 1637, as a lot of commentators argued, because Descartes wanted to demonstrate the real distinction between body and soul, and found his demonstration on the existence of God, then his theory of ideas should be constituted independently of the notion of imagination. We argue that the notions of imagination and image help to establish this theory: this shows that imagination is still important in Descartes' theory of knowledge and that it is not excluded from his Metaphysics. How to conciliate this epistemological position with real distinction thesis? We reconsidered the ontological status of imagination as a mode of a thinking substance but excluded from the essence of this substance. This modal distinction is crucial in order not to misinterpret the real distinction between soul and body, seen not only as a hard dualism. Yet, if a property is a mode, it cannot be excluded from the essence of the substance of which it is the mode. We conclude that imagination is removed from the essence of a purely intellectual soul but not from human soul and that there is only a real distinction between pure soul and body. Imagination reinforces the intelligibility of dualism since it serves to understand why the real distinction between soul and body is compatible with their substantial union
Girard, Christian. „L' identité de l'homme chez Plotin“. Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010537.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArcangeli, Margherita. „The imaginative realm and supposition“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066616.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Du Michel. „La nature sociale de l'esprit : Wittgenstein, la psychologie et les sciences humaines /“. Paris : J. Vrin, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39958618v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCampos, Mariana de Almeida. „La question du sujet des sentiments dans le dualisme de Descartes“. Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is to address the question of what would be the subject of the predicates that denote sentiments in Descartes’ writings. The proposed hypothesis is that substances can only be regarded as « the ultimate subjects of inherence » of these predicates. Nevertheless, it will be argued that men and animals, although they are not substances, may be considered the « subjects of attribution » of such predicates, since they have a specific unit, namely, a « unity of composition », which ensures that attribution. Therefore, the thesis will be developed in three main axes. From an examination of the Cartesian theory of substance and its definitions, we analyze the concept of extended substance, taking into account the existing debate between monistic and pluralistic interpretations of this concept. In this context, we examine the specificity of the human body in relation to other bodies of nature, considering certain aspects of the Cartesian theory of animal machines. Then we address the question of the unity of man, as well as other types of unity recognized by Descartes. Finally, we examine the Cartesian theory of causality in order to determine which theories of causality, interactionism, or occasionalism, in Descartes view, could serve as explanatory models for sentiments in humans and animals. The hypothesis to be defended in this thesis is consistent with the view that the Cartesian theory of three particular primitive notions, namely, thought, extension, and union, is fully compatible with the metaphysical dualism of substances that Descartes proposed, and therefore does not imply a weakening of the latter
Lecomte-Emond, Marie-France. „"Errances de l'imaginaire et transhumance de l'esprit" : approche méthodologique du champ de l'imaginaire“. Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN21005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a piece of research from an anthropological and metaphysical view-point on psychoanalytical experience (both freudian and jungian) and on practical experience on psychological therapy. The basic claim is that "castration" is the ontological break which makes life (undefinable unless through its materialization) become part of history. That is to say part of duality the root of conflict, but also what gives birth to the drive of desire, a desire for reunification, a desire for unity. While we can only have a relative and partial perception of the world, desire reaches out for the absolute and only meets with answers that belong to the realm of imaginary. But there is an ariadne's clew which can be followed along the labyrinth of any existence from the beginnings of the world (myth of the origins) it's the path of symbolism. The claims of the present thesis are tested against the practise of psychoanalytical therapy and to such fields as the interpretation of free-hand drawing and painting or creativity generally. At the meeting-point of human sciences, this thesis is an attempt to combine "traditional" thinking and modern thinking to pave the way for the metaphysics of "re-surrection" through creative imagination. . . . But philosophy cannot be encompassed by words when it means to be a quest of wisdom of the "philosophers'stone"!
Marmasse, Gilles. „De la nature à l'esprit. Corps animal et corps humain chez Hegel“. Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010612.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMissa, Jean-Noël. „La philosophie de l'esprit à la lumière des neurosciences: une étude historique et critique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEslava, Camila. „Dessiner l'esprit dessinant : exploration des traces d'un processus de contemplation plastique“. Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/185004296#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research is approached through the two-fold task that falls onto a visual artist/searcher: developing the specific thought that inspires a plastic achievement – the ‘work’ - and giving rise to a thought about the creating process itself, a thought that will be shared with the academic society. The sharing opens up new horizons for a research concerned with studying the plastic mental act as a way to promote knowledge and therefore the very appearance of the creative process as it is lived and embodied by its creator. Drawing the Drawing Mind is an auto-referential system that, through recent plastic experiences, shows the research co-determining and co-developing event as well as the creating process it is exploring. In such an approach the visual artist/searcher proceeds to a ‘mise en abyme’ that bears in its center a very fundamental matter: contemplation, considered as the act which, due to the particular disposition it provides, answers the question through the way my creative process develops. There are direct connections to the latest cognitive studies that approach knowledge in a phenomenological way to show that the subject creates the world that creates it in return and stress the importance of going back to experience lived first and personally in order to develop researches on mind and consciousness. So, Drawing the Drawing Mind reveals the circular and autopoietical dynamics of such an approach where the researcher/visual artist, the process used and the results the process yields, all work as an inseparable unit constantly open to change. The visual artist explores his/her self, thus developing his/her own plasticity
Roland, Jeanne. „Corps organique et constitution de l'individualité chez Leibniz“. Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy purpose is to appraise the oppositional capacities of the Leibnizian concept of organic body to the Cartesian dualism. The concept of organic body is crucial in thinking individuality. First I examine the metaphysical stance consisting in giving substantial forms to certain bodies, at the time when the concept of individual substance supported by the criticism of the res cogitans al well as that of the res extensa was coming to form. Looking at the typology of phenomena, crossing path with the typology of aggregates, leads to shed light on the relations between the individual substance and the corporeal reality. The Ego isn’t the res cogitans anymore, but isn’t a proper corporeal substance either. It’s its organic status, which is the natural condition shared by every creature, that constitutes within it the reason for the connection with other substances; this reason makes for its individuality. In 1695, the concept of machine of nature, specifying that of organic body, is contemporaneous with the “hypothèse des accords”. Body and soul aren’t so much two distinct substances than two points of view on the individual unity, such as it is achieved in the infinite composition of a machine of nature. We need to identify the nature of the transition from the individual substance to the simple substance or monad. This transition happened at the same time as the birth of the word “organism”: naturalization of the being, which is not to say that the monads are soul-like, but that they are necessarily articulated to the organic reality of a body. From then on, individuality, thought as a composition, revolves around a no-substantial reality: the organic reality
Roux, Paul. „Exploration des bases cognitives du déficit d'attribution d'états mentaux à autrui dans la schizophrénie : intérêt de l'enregistrement des mouvements oculaires“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066566.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndividuals with schizophrenia have been shown to be impaired in the attribution of mental states to others. We have demonstrated that they were also impaired in the detection of elementary intentional motions such as chasing. This impairment was situated at the perceptual stage of processing, with abnormal ocular behaviour, but also at the cognitive stage. Using an object translocation paradigm, we found that the same group of patients was also impaired in the attribution of goals and believes to others. This impairment was entirely explained by a lower visual attention dedicated to faces. We have developed ocular measures that showed an attraction of the visual attention of control participants by intentional motion on Frith-Happé animations. Finally, we have shown on other control participants that intentional reasoning from comic strips was associated with a greater visual scanning compared to mechanistic reasoning. These last two paradigms could be particularly useful to confirm that individuals with schizophrenia show an abnormal visual attention toward mentalistic information, as demonstrated in the first two paradigms. The results suggest that visual exploration of mentalistic stimuli could benefit from remediation strategies in schizophrenia
Cingal, Guillaume. „La dualité dans les deux trilogies de Nuruddin Farah“. Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOL018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNicaise, Julien. „Emergence et évolution du concept de conscience mentale: de l'aristotélisme à la philosophie de l'esprit“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cho, Hee-Won. „Le thème du flâneur chez Baudelaire et le dualisme non-dualiste du Son bouddhisme coréen“. Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010592.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKissèzounon, Gervais. „De Comte à Bachelard : mutation et continuité de l'esprit scientifique“. Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGenerally, in philosophical tradition, Auguste Comte is known as the philosopher of epistemological continuity with his "law of three stages" and Bachelard as the instigator of discontinuity with his "postulate of epistemological break". However, we consider that Bachelard's thought is more subtle and more complex in his reception of Auguste Comte's thought and in the elaboration of his own modelisation of history. So our analysis takes purpose in this thesis, to approach both authors separated by a century, to examine their conception of scientific spirit's development, making reference to their sources and contexts (which are Aristotle and Newton in Comte's case, and relativity theory and quantum mechanics with the debate on indetermination, in Bachelard's case), to demonstrate that it is possible to understand in each one thought, and between both, that break and continuity is the double way of development in scientific spirit's formation even differently because of the difference of their contexts
Gentet, Joseph. „Développement de la théorie de l'esprit chez l'enfant : des raisonnements contrefactuels aux inférences de fausses croyances“. Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecent research show that false-belief inference in 4 years old children relates to their growing counterfactual conditional reasoning abilities. It is thus necessary to decide whether false-belief understanding requires only a counterfactual reasoning or rather a specialized mechanism needed to deal with intentional mental states. In four experiments conducted with preschool children, false-belief inference clearly appeared more difficult to resolve than counterfactual reasoning. Moreover, a longitudinal study shows that false-belief inference in 4 and a half year olds is predicted by their counterfactual reasoning ability 6 months earlier. In addition, experimental stimulation of fase-belief inference through learning procedures shows that only children initially able to reason counterfactually respond to such a procedure. These results lead us to conclude that counterfactual reasoning is necessary, though not sufficient, to attain false-belief inference. Furthermore, it appears that false-belief inference acquisition is only effective when children are instructed in the causal relations between beliefs and observable events. These data, and our analysis of exiting research, lead us to support that counterfactual reasoning allows the child to identity causal links between mental representations (beliefs), behavio and information access. Therefore false-belief inference development is seen to be the acquisition of a metarepresentational and causal theory of the mind
Clot-Goudard, Rémi. „L'explication ordinaire des actions humaines. Recherches sur l'intention pratique et la grammaire des concepts psychologiques : recherches sur l'intention pratique et la grammaire des concepts psychologiques“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENP001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy objective is to elucidate, by means of a grammatical inquiry into the language of intentional action and the use of psychological concepts, the nature of our ordinary capacity to make sense of human actions, as well as the conditions of its exercise. In contemporary debates prevails a causalist view of action and its explanation, which underlies the discussions about mental causation, the reality of mental states or the epistemic status of so-called folk psychology. Causalism holds that an action differs from a mere bodily movement by its being caused by some mental antecedents, distinct from movement, which account for its intentional character. Explaining an action would thus consist in giving reasons ultimately referring to those states. In line with the wittgensteinian logico-grammatical approach developed by Anscombe, I intend to show that this view is misconceived. Its main defect lies in its mentalism, i.e. the tendency to see psychological predicates as always functioning to denote internal episodes or events, distinct from action and liable to figure in causal chains as links bringing about the agent's behaviour. Against this, I want to establish that the distinction between action and mere movement is to be seen as a difference between two modes of description. The intentional mode in which are couched action descriptions is essentially characterized by the first/third-person asymmetry. Explaining an action consists in identifying it by a description exhibiting its teleological features. My plan is the following. The first main move is to clarify the conceptual relations between intention and action. Having brought to light the modern roots of causalism, I consider the arguments Davidson put forward in its favour, so as to refute their underlying mentalism. I show that for an action, being intentional does not depend on any occurrence of a separate mental component. Then I proceed to account for the explanatory force of intentional descriptions by relating them to the specificity of practical reasoning and agent knowledge. The second main move tackles the question to know what the capacity of making sense of others consists in. I successively consider the idea that agents possess a theory of mind and the thesis as to which they must rely on a principle of interpretative charity. Against those intellectualist views, I claim that sensible use of psychological concepts is a practical skill which is to be related to the sensibility to the natural expressivity of human body, the intrinsically social and institutional features of human life and the existence of shared standards of expression and action. Acknowledging the action-based conditions of others' intelligibility requires to dispose of the modern illusion of a « disengaged subject »
Frogneux, Nathalie. „Le dépassement du dualisme chez Hans Jonas : de la gnose au Principe responsabilité“. Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis reading of the whole of Jonas’s work combines a chronological and a thematical approach. In part one, we study the way in which Jonas grasps gnostic-type dualism and the hermeneutic conditions of its uncovering through myth. Part two analyses Jonas’s critique of nihilism and skepticism which underlies his critique of dualism, and it does so via two approaches: a gnostic reading of existentialism and a critical history of the western philosophical tradition. The result is that, according to Jonas, the zeitgeist of modernity is existentialism, in a very broad sense encompassing all modern philosophies of the isolation of man within a neutral and indifferent world. Part three enters the constructive portion of Jonas’s endeavor in which he is shown to provide a philosophy of nature and an anthropology which go against this dualistic rift and lead to a no anthropocentric humanism. In this perspective, living subjectivity and the human subject are inscribed within a relationship of continuity. In its struggle against need, a more and more exacerbated freedom manifests itself along the chain going from metabolic existence to dehiscent human freedom. Part four shows how this philosophy of polarity evolves in Jonas’s later work towards a philosophy of negation. His philosophy of organism undergoes two shifts: first, the sovereignty of human freedom is viewed as negative and thus reinforces the anthropological difference; second, finality is increasingly emphasized within cosmological and biological evolution. Philosophical biology yields to a philosophy of freedom in a twofold sense: on the one hand, there is a "principle of freedom" at work within being; on the other hand, there seems to be no obligation which can easily convince human freedom to heed the call of value within being
Jabarian, Brian. „Opérationnaliser l'incertitude morale : définir un cadre d'analyse pour l'esprit critique dans un monde incertain“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H223.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis Ph.D. in philosophy explores the normative uncertainty problem, i.e. the complex ethical problem of what should we do when uncertain about what we should do? We conduct our thesis in the tradition of the long-forgotten philosophy of science tradition of operationalization. The latter is a thorough analytical approach that allows for applied investigations of a concept whose empirical implications are neither proven nor clear. In the case of an ethical evaluation or choice problem, operationalization includes two main dimensions: (1) providing a framework for reasoning, comparing the values of options, and decision-making by individuals or groups; (2) providing empirical evidence to demonstrate the concept’s relevance for applied research and further scientific investigations. We divide our thesis into two main parts based on these dimensions. A preceding introduction addresses normative uncertainty and its relations to other ethical and meta-ethical concepts. Part I provides a comprehensive framework for comparing the values of options, reasoning, and making individual decisions under normative uncertainty, depending on the types and amount of information available to the decision-maker. Part II demonstrates how we may employ humanities in survey methods and establish normative uncertainty as an empirical fact by combining both disciplines. The conclusion summarizes our thesis’ main contributions
Nifle, Victor. „Du rêve aux états oniriques : une critique du rêve comme espèce naturelle“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we defend the idea that there is a certain postulate, sometimes implicit, present in both philosophical and scientific discourse, according to which dreams designate a phenomenon, or at least a class of phenomena. This postulate gives rise to a second one : the idea that there is an intrinsic unity to dreams. The precise nature of this unity may vary according to whether we conceive of it as physical (neural) or functional. In our view, such a conception is tantamount to considering dreams as a natural kind of human psychology. Using theoretical tools derived from the main paradigms of contemporary philosophy of mind, we consider several possible versions of the dream-as-natural-kind thesis. Such an analysis is not self-evident, so the present work includes a critical examination of the scientific literature, enabling us to attest to its presence and assess its relevance. Our investigation leads us to question the position of "orthodox view" that dream-as-natural-kind thesis seems to occupy in a number of discourses, notably scientific and philosophical. We oppose it with the thesis of the multiplicity of dreams, according to which there is not one, but several heterogeneous dream phenomena, sharing only a simple common appearance. We defend this position with an argument that takes the form of an inference to the best explanation, based on our critical examination of the empirical literature. Accordingly, we propose an amendment to our common and philosophical conceptions, moving from the dream conceived as a unitary phenomenon, to plural dream states
Le, Roy Loïc. „Préparation psychologique du "sportif" : l'esprit et la performance du Moyen-Age à nos jours“. Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21520.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis history of the psychological preparation for the « sportsmen », ranges from the Middle Ages to our days. It redraws the way was integrated the « moral sense » and the collective virtues which dominate the behaviors of the knights in the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance, with the creation of academic arts, occurs a new approach in the learning of the physical exercises based on « geometrized » and « mathematized » initiations putting at stake the mechanisms of feelings and the principles of memorization. These teaching methods develop the capacities of « judgment » and « reasoning » of the gentlemen. In Great Britain, in the middle of the XVIIth century, begins quite another attention on the functions of the spirit within the framework of the sports experiences: henceforth it refers to the « tranquility of mind » and to « stimulating » or « inciting » the mind faculties respecting the alternation of training and recovery phases. During the XIXth century, the English Training System is definitively imperative in Europe. It articulates around the new knowledge of the brain physiology inducing a new glance on the methods of training. The end of the XIXth century is marked by the emergence, in the United States, of a sport and exercise psychology based on scientific studies. It is from the 1960s, that programs of psychological preparation are applied to the sportsmen, coming to complete the physical, technical and tactical methods of training. Today, mental procedures play an integral part in the quest for athletic performance
Penot-Lacassagne, Olivier. „Les metamorphoses de la croyance. Antonin artaud et les fictions de l'esprit“. Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030157.
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