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1
Kodandapani, Narendran. „Fire regimes and their ecological effects in seasonally dry tropical ecosystems in the Western Ghats, India“. Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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2
Eber, Robert Mark. „Dry chemical fire suppression system discharge modeling and testing“. Link to electronic thesis, 2001. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0104101-114046/.
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Otterstrom, Sarah Marie. „Fire in a neotropical dry forest : cultural uses and ecological effects /“. For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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4
Vihnanek, Robert E. „The effects of slashburning on the growth and nutrition of young Douglas-fir plantations in some dry, salal-dominated ecosystems“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25062.
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Twenty Douglas-fir plantations, ranging from 5 to 15 years old, were examined on the east side of Vancouver Island. In all areas studied, salal was the dominant ground cover, and was suspected of being a major competitor with trees for water and nutrients. In each plantation, part of the area has been burned and part was unburned. Stocking of planted Douglas-firs was found to be greater on the burned than on the unburned areas of 16 sites and height growth of planted Douglas-firs was greater on the burned than on the unburned areas of 18 sites. Some degree of nitrogen deficiency was inferred for 17 sites, but was not attributed to burning. Height and percent cover of salal was greater on unburned areas. Differences in height growth and percent cover of salal between burned and unburned areas were seen to be greatest where inferred burn severity was high. Browsing of Douglas-fir was more prevalent on burned areas but did not result in height growth being less than on adjacent unburned areas.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Negreiros, Gustavo Hees de. „Understanding and modeling ecological processes controlling flammability in seasonally dry evergreen forests of the Brazillian Amazon /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5528.
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6
Zendel, Alexander Mark. „Investigating the Role of Location-Allocation Models in Planning the Locations of Dry Fire Hydrants“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31871.
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The absence of water mains in rural areas has the potential to seriously complicate
rural wildfire and structure fire suppression. The installation of dry fire hydrants can
tremendously reduce these difficulties. But fire managers must then decide where to
place these hydrants to efficiently and effectively serve their area of concern. This thesis investigates the role of GIS location-allocation model (LAMs) as a tool to aid fire
managers in planning the locations of numerous dry hydrants. LAMs are designed to
place central service facilities in a configuration that optimally serves geographically
dispersed demand. One of the objectives of this thesis is to determine whether or not this
optimization is achieved based on the management needs of the Virginia Department of
Forestry. Many variations of LAMs are examined and the most appropriate model, the
Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP), is selected. The flexibility of the MCLP
model is then tested by imposing fine manipulations of hydrant demand weighting
schemes.Master of Science
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LeBlanc, Allison Renee. „A 1000-year sedimentary record of hurricane, fire, and vegetation history from a coastal lagoon in southwestern Dominican Republic“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76775.
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Our knowledge of whether hurricanes cause lasting changes in forest composition and the patterns and role of fire in Caribbean dry forests are lacking. This project combines paleoecological and paleotempestological methods to document the disturbance and environmental history of the last 1000 yrs at Laguna Alejandro, situated in the lowland dry forests of arid SW Dominican Republic. I analyzed multiple proxy data sources of a 160 cm coastal lagoon sediment profile. High-resolution (1 cm) sampling for loss-on-ignition and magnetic susceptibility indicated multiple erosion and hurricane events, including a hurricane ~996 cal YBP, and several erosion events and hurricanes between ~321 cal YBP and present day. Pollen analysis documented 32 plant families with most levels dominated by pollen of Fabaceae (legumes), the Urticales order, and Cyperaceae (sedges), though families of upland and montane vegetation are also present ~510-996 cal YBP. All pollen slides contained microscopic charcoal indicating the occurrence of regional or extra-local fires over the last ~1000 yrs. Local fires, as indicated by macroscopic charcoal, occurred before ~434 cal YBP and may be tied to hurricanes, increased moisture in the region (thereby increased fuel and ignition chances), or prehistoric human activities. Pollen spectra representing periods before and after disturbance events were similar and may support the idea of forest resilience, but more samples are needed. Multiple erosion events between ~294 cal YBP and present may be tied to hurricanes or tropical storms and increasing late-Holocene aridity in the region as documented by several studies from the Caribbean.Master of Science
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Larkin, Claire Cecilia. „Effects of Common Disturbances on Composition and Succession in Coppice Plant Communities on Eleuthera, the Bahamas: Conservation Implications“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1280606889.
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Cassell, Brooke Alyce. „Assessing the Effects of Climate Change and Fuel Treatments on Forest Dynamics and Wildfire in Dry Mixed-Conifer Forests of the Inland West| Linking Landscape and Social Perspectives“. Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748887.
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Over the past century in the western United States, warming has produced larger and more severe wildfires than previously recorded. General circulation models and their ensembles project continued increases in temperature and the proportion of precipitation falling as rain. Warmer and wetter conditions may change forest successional trajectories by modifying rates of vegetation establishment, competition, growth, reproduction, and mortality. Many questions remain regarding how these changes will occur across landscapes and how disturbances, such as wildfire, may interact with changes to climate and vegetation. Forest management is used to proactively modify forest structure and composition to improve fire resilience. Yet, research is needed to assess how to best utilize mechanical fuel reduction and prescribed fire at the landscape scale. Human communities also exist within these landscapes, and decisions regarding how to manage forests must carefully consider how management will affect such communities.
In this work, I analyzed three aspects of forest management at large spatiotemporal scales: (1) climate effects on forest composition and wildfire activity; (2) efficacy of fuel management strategies toward reducing wildfire spread and severity; and, (3) local resident perspectives on forest management. Using a forest landscape model, simulations of forest dynamics were used to investigate relationships among climate, wildfire, and topography with long-term changes in biomass for a fire-prone dry-conifer landscape in eastern Oregon, United States. I compared the effectiveness of fuel treatment strategies for reducing wildfire under both contemporary and extreme weather. Fuel treatment scenarios included “business as usual” and strategies that increased the area treated with harvest and prescribed fire, and all strategies were compared by distributing them across the landscape and by concentrating them in areas at the greatest risk for high-severity wildfire. To investigate local community preferences for forest management, I used focus groups, interviews, and questionnaires. Through open-ended questions and a public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) mapping exercise, local residents expressed their views on fuels reduction treatments by commercial and non-commercial harvest and prescribed fire. Emergent themes were used to inform alternative management scenarios to explore the usefulness of using PPGIS to generate modeling inputs. Scenarios ranged from restoration-only treatments to short-rotation commercial harvest.
Under climate change, wildfire was more frequent, more expansive, and more severe, and ponderosa pine expanded its range into existing shrublands and high-elevation zones. There was a near-complete loss of native high-elevation tree species, such as Engelmann spruce and whitebark pine. Loss of these species were most strongly linked to burn frequency; this effect was greatest at high elevations and on steep slopes.
Fuel reduction was effective at reducing wildfire spread and severity compared to unmanaged landscapes. Spatially optimizing mechanical removal of trees in areas at risk for high-severity wildfire was equally effective as distributing tree removal across the landscape. Tripling the annual area of prescribed burns was needed to affect landscape-level wildfire spread and severity, and distributing prescribed burns across the study area was more effective than concentrating fires in high-risk areas.
Focus group participants generally approved of all types of forest management and agreed that all areas should be managed with the “appropriate” type of treatment for each forest stand, and that decisions about management should be made by “experts.” However, there was disagreement related to who the “experts” are and how much public input should be included in the decision making process. Degree of trust in land management agencies contributed to polarized views about who the primary decision makers and what the focus of management should be. While most participants agreed that prescribed fire was a useful tool for preventing wildfire spread and severity, many expressed reservations about its use.
I conclude that forest management can be used to reduce wildfire activity in dry-mixed conifer forests and that spatially optimizing mechanical treatments in high-risk areas can be a useful tool for reducing the cost and ecological impact associated with harvest operations. While reducing the severity and spread of wildfire may slow some long-term species shifts, high sub-alpine tree mortality occurred under all climate and fuel treatment scenarios. Thus, while forest management may prolong the existence of sub-alpine forests, shifts in temperature, precipitation, and wildfire may overtake management within this century. The use of PPGIS was useful for delineating the range of forest management preferences within the local community, for identifying areas of agreement among residents who have otherwise polarized views, and for generating modeling inputs that reflect views that may not be obtained through extant official channels for public participation. Because the local community has concerns about the use of prescribed fire, more education and outreach is needed. This may increase public acceptance of the amounts of prescribed fire needed to modify wildfire trajectories under future climate conditions.
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Fernandes, Elisa Furtado. „Hábitos de nidificação e distribuição da formiga lava-pés Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855) em área urbana“. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6840.
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As formigas do gênero Solenopsis são frequentemente relatadas no ambiente urbano devido a sua facilidade em explorar recursos, competir com outras espécies e condições climáticas favoráveis. Dessa maneira, este estudo se torna de grande importância, pois as lava-pés causam inúmeros prejuízos econômicos, seja no ambiente urbano, na saúde pública e em áreas cultivadas. Este trabalho objetivou determinar a distribuição espacial, os hábitos de nidificação, bem como investigar as variações de temperatura ao longo do dia em colônias de Solenopsis saevissima em uma área urbana no município de Juiz de Fora. Para o estudo de nidificação e distribuição, foram realizadas coletas entre os meses de Outubro de 2013 a agosto de 2015, sendo duas amostragens na estação chuvosa e duas amostragens na estação seca. Para cada colônia ativa foi registrado o tipo de substrato e as dimensões das colônias. Dados de temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação foram cedidos pelo Laboratório de Climatologia e Análise Ambiental (LabCaa) da UFJF. Para verificar as variações de temperatura ao longo do dia, foi realizada uma amostragem na no período chuvoso (Janeiro/2015) e outra no período seco (Julho/2015). Os dados foram coletados com a utilização de um termômetro do tipo espeto digital e outro termômetro a laser. Os resultados demonstraram que as colônias de lava-pés permaneceram ativas no ambiente urbano durante todo o ano e que os fatores abióticos influenciaram nas nidificações. A distribuição dos ninhos de S. saevissima foi significativamente agregada nas duas estações. O substrato mais utilizado para as nidificações foi o Artificial-Natural. Em relação a temperatura do monte, nos períodos chuvoso e seco, a temperatura da superfície foi a que mais variou ao longo do dia e, a temperatura do interior do monte foi a que menos variou. Os resultados desse estudo são de grande importância para ampliar o conhecimento acerca da biologia e do comportamento de S. saevissima no ambiente urbano, além disso, gera subsídios para futuras estratégias de controle e para a redução do número de acidentes com seres humanos.
Ants of the Solenopsis genus are usually reported on urban environments due to favorable weather conditions and to their ability of exploring resources and competing with other species. On this sense, our study becomes of great importance, since the fire ants are accounted for causing countless economic losses regarding the urban environment, public health and plantation areas. This work aimed to determine the distribution, nesting habits and temperature variation through a day in colonies of Solenopsis saevissima in an urban area in the municipality of Juiz de Fora. In order to study nesting and distribution, samples were taken between October 2013 and August 2015, in which two samplings took place during the rainy season and two during the dry season. For each active colony, we recorded its dimensions and the kind of substrate it was located on. Data on temperature, relative humidity of air and precipitation were given by Laboratório de Climatologia e Análise Ambiental (LabCaa) of UFJF. In order to verify temperature variation through the day, samples were taken once during the rainy season (January 2015) and once during the dry season (July 2015). Measures were taken by using a probe-like digital thermometer and a laser thermometer. Results showed that fire ant colonies remained active in the urban environment for the whole year, and that abiotic factors influenced on their nesting. The nest distribution of S. saevissima was significantly aggregated in both seasons. The most used kind of substrate was the Artificial-Natural. Regarding the mound’s temperature in the rainy and dry seasons, surface values showed greater fluctuation during the day when compared to the mound’s interior. These results are important to build knowledge on the biology and behavior of S. saevissima in urban environments and to generate subsidies for future control strategies and reduction in the number of accidents with human beings.
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Morris, Lesley. „Combining Environmental History and Soil Phytolith Analysis at the City of Rocks National Reserve: Developing New Methods in Historical Ecology“. DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/35.
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Historical ecology is an emerging and interdisciplinary field that seeks to explain the changes in ecosystems over time through a synthesis of information derived from human records and biological data. The methods in historical ecology cover a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. However, methods for the more recent past (about 200 years) are largely limited to the human archive and dendrochronological evidence which can be subject to human bias, limited in spatial extent or not appropriate for non-forested systems. There is a need to explore new methods by which biological data can be used to understand historic vegetation and disturbance regimes over the recent past especially in arid ecosystem types. Soil phytolith analysis has the potential to provide much needed information regarding historical conditions in both areas. Phytoliths are structures formed in plants through deposition and accumulation of silica within and around cell walls that are released from plants and preserved in sediments long after death and decay of plant material. The City of Rocks National Reserve in southern Idaho was an excellent place to develop new methods in historical ecology because the human records of historic environmental conditions were so rich. There were two overarching and interconnected objectives for this dissertation research. The first was to reconstruct an ecological history of the City of Rocks National Reserve from the period of overland emigration to present. The second objective was to explore the utility of soil phytolith analysis for inferring vegetation and disturbance regime change over the recent past by testing its sensitivity to record known changes. I employed modern analogue studies, a multi-core approach and detailed core analysis to test for known changes through analysis of extraction weights, relative abundance of phytolith assemblages, microscopic charcoal and burned (darkened) phytoliths. My results showed that this combination of history and soil phytolith analysis would be a useful approach for inferring vegetation changes (e.g. increases in introduced grasses) and disturbances (e.g. fire) in ecological histories.
12
Adamec, Tomáš. „Zvýšení životnosti zápalníku palné zbraně s pomocí explicitního řešiče“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443722.
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Firing pin is a critical component in terms of firearm function. Tip of firing pin can break off due to repeated impact loading, which results in malfunction of the whole firearm. This master's thesis aims to propose changes in geometry of the firing pin so that new firing pin will be more durable against fatigue failure. Geometry and characteristics of the original firing pin are provided by company Česká zbrojovka, a.s. To determine the amount of fatigue damage for specific configuration of firing pin, computational model, which simulates impact loading of the firing pin during dry fire, is created. Finite element method with explicit formulation is used for the calculation. Parameters of geometry, which are assumed to have highest influence on fatigue life, are chosen based on the analisys of the original firing pin. These parameters are changed in further calculations, resulting in new configuration of the firing pin, which is approximately 15 % more durable against fatigue failure.
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Cameron-Lewis, Aiyanna. „Waterways - Soon Dry“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1972.
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This paper explores the historical and contemporary situation of waterways in Los Angeles. It examines the birth and growth of metropolitan LA and contrasts this narrative with the current and pressing issues of drought and gentrification. This contrast raises the question of the sustainability of human growth in resource-scarce regions. From this analysis it forwards a nuanced perspective of the hypothesis that the dynamics of environmental degradation in the LA region threaten human growth. It suggests that this degradation comes as a result of egocentric human development projects by the elite. This paper examines all of this through the lens of a creative body of work. The body of work consists of a series of four large paintings. It discusses the artist’s inspiration and process of creation, as well as the influence of neo-expressionism and various contemporary artists on the work. It concludes with a consideration of where to go next with the series of paintings in order to address the issue of environmental degradation further.
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Kanjanavanit, Saranarat. „Aspects of the temporal pattern of dry season fires in the dry dipterocarp forests of Thailand“. Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1992. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29497/.
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This thesis reviews the role of fire, and especially its seasonal timing, in the moist savanna forests of mainland Southeast Asia, and, in particular, of Thailand. Based on one year's experimental field work carried out in Uthai-thani Province, West Thailand, the thesis investigates the development of conditions for burning and fire behaviour throughout the dry season. Spatial patterns of fire temperature and the duration of maximum temperature are measured, along with a wide range of other key variables, such as fireline intensity and speed of fire spread. The climatic preparation of fuels for ignition is also examined. It is argued that fire is endemic in this formation, although its character has changed much over time. Conditions for burning were found to be optimal in March (the late dry season), when fire occurrence and behaviour measurements were at their peak. Two ground cover fuel-fire regimes are recognized: 1) heterogeneous ground cover, with a high proportion of non-grass species, producing patchy, low temperature bums (≤650° C), except where conditions are very favourable, as in the late dry season; 2) homogeneous grass cover, notably of Heteropogon triticeus (R.Br.) Stapf.ex Craib, which tends to burn evenly, and extensively, with a high temperature (750-900°C) and speed of spread (0.6-3.0 cm s[-1]), when the grass stalks have collapsed after the arrival of the Northeast monsoon (early February - mid dry season). As in African moist savannas, short-term recovery shows a tendency for low temperature burns on partially dry grass to favour woody species, while discouraging grass growth. It is suggested that fire timing and placement can be used as an effective tool in ecological management, to: 1) prevent the extensive occurrence of destructive wildfires; 2) meet a range of different planning objectives. It is further argued that, since the fire ecology is local, the management pattern must also be devised locally. A change from central state control of policy is thus proposed. Key Words: fire ecology, fire timing, phenology, fire management, savanna forest, Thailand, Southeast Asia.
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Singles, Roderick John. „Fine resolution modelling of ammonia dry deposition over Great Britain“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14431.
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In this study an alternative has been taken, by applying an atmospheric transport model. Due to assumptions in the treatment of vertical dispersion, many current UK models are unable to describe the short-range dispersion of ammonia adequately, so a new statistical model has been created by extensively modifying an existing Lagrangian trajectory model. A number of atmospheric processes have been parameterised for inclusion in the model, and boundary data have been constructed to allow the inclusion of continental emissions. The wind speed data used to advect the model have been optimised for NH3 dry deposition, and careful restructuring of the computer code has reduced computational time considerably. Initial testing of the model on a 20 km x 20 km grid has shown that modelled wet deposition fluxes of sulphate and nitrate have a fair degree of success in reproducing measurement data. Comparisons of SO2 and NO2 surface concentrations with measured data have shown a variable degree of success, highlighting the uncertainties in emission heights. A number of sensitivity tests have been performed on various models processes, and have shown the degree of dependence of certain modelled species on the type of parameterisation used in the model. Emissions data for NH3 have been employed on a much finer horizontal scale of 5 km x 5 km grid squares than has been previously used in an atmospheric transport model over Great Britain. The use of a detailed description of vertical diffusion and dry deposition, together with a fine resolution emissions dataset, have produced the best yet agreement with measured NH3 surface concentration estimates for Great Britain. Total annual fluxes of NH3 dry deposition agree well with official estimates, but the spatial distribution of these data differ considerably, and highlight the possible over-estimation of the NH3 samplers used in the monitoring network in areas of very low surface concentrations. A total annual budget for reduced nitrogen is given which shows the directional-dependence of both total deposition and export of reduced nitrogen. The model estimates that on average over half of the total dry deposition is the result of emissions being dry deposited in the same 5 km grid square. The spatial variation of this fraction is important information which can be used to guide emission reduction strategies.
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Teste, François Philippe. „Role of mycorrhizal networks in dry Douglas-fir forests“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/675.
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Mycorrhizal networks (MNs) are fungal hyphae that connect the roots of at least two plants, potentially providing a conduit for interplant resource transfer. Interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) is an obligate ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species that has high potential to form MNs with neighboring trees because of its receptivity to a diverse community of EM fungi. This MN potential is expected to be greatest among conspecific trees. In this thesis, I determined the influence of MNs formed by residual Douglas-fir trees on interplant carbon transfer and survival, growth, physiology, and EM status of neighboring naturally regenerated and planted Douglas-fir seedlings. To do this, I used MN-restricting treatments and isotope gas-labeling techniques on sites harvested with variable tree retention to investigate how varying: i) proximity to conspecific trees affects EM colonization and performance of planted seedlings; ii) ‘donor’ tree size affects seedling establishment and carbon or nitrogen transfer, and; iii) soil disturbance stress affects net carbon transfer between established seedlings. Because I used physical barriers (i.e., mesh bags) to control for the presence and characteristics of the MN, I also verified the effectiveness of different-sized mesh pores at reducing hyphal connections between plants in the greenhouse. In my experiments, I found that MN-mediated colonization was not the dominant mechanism responsible for EM colonization of planted seedlings; other sources of inoculm (e.g., spores, sclerotia, hyphal fragments) were more important. I found that mature trees not only competed for resources with seedlings but offered some facilitative effects at intermediate distances within their rooting zones. My key finding was that access to a MN with residual trees benefited seedling survival and that this corresponded with increased carbon and nitrogen transfer to seedlings. In addition, I found that there was consistently a net gain in carbon by one seedling in a MN and this net transfer increased with relative growth rate of the receiver seedling. These results indicate that MNs can facilitate interplant carbon transfer and be important in regeneration dynamics in dry Douglas-fir forests.
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Pretorius, Theunis Wilhelm. „An investigation of dry band arcing on optical fibre / T.W. Pretorius“. Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/318.
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Communication companies are spending millions of Rands on installing optic fibre
cables and links, with the purpose of increasing network bandwidth, reliability and
stability. Several utilities, that combine power supply and telecommunication over the
same servitudes, are confronted with quite a serious problem. The cables are being
subjected to extreme electromagnetic (EM) force fields, which cause certain
phenomena, damaging the fibres. The fibres that cause problems are usually installed
in polluted areas or in salt rich air areas (e.g. along the coast).
The purpose of this study is to determine why and where Dry-Band arcing (DBA)
occurs, or where it will be most likely to occur. The simulations done showed that
DBA is not supposed to happen under normal circumstances, if the cables are
correctly installed. There is therefore a certain set of additional phenomena and
conditions required before DBA occurs.Thesis (M.Ing.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Karinkanta, P. (Pasi). „Dry fine grinding of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood in impact-based fine grinding mills“. Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207193.
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Abstract Wood powders are used in numerous applications such as thermoplastics and filters, and a lot of research effort has been put into developing novel ways of utilising them. The mechanical processing of wood powders, especially at particle sizes below 100 µm, has been reported in several studies, but they lack information on the effect of fine grinding conditions on the particle morphology and cellulose crystallinity, both of which are important parameters in the further processing of wood powders and in their various applications. This makes it very difficult to design and optimise fine grinding processes with different applications in mind. The aim of this thesis was to study the dry fine grinding of wood in several impact-based fine grinding mills in order to find out their effect on the properties of the wood and to study the energy required for the mechanical processing of the resulting powders. The effect of the main operational parameters on the properties of dried Norway spruce wood and the energy consumption was studied using three impact-based fine grinding mills that were capable of pulverising the wood down to a median particle size of less than 25 µm. It was found that the impact events occurring in media mills can be used for the production of very fine wood powders with lower cellulose crystallinity and rounder shaped particles having more uniform shape distribution than powders pulverised to a similar size range by means of impact events in non-media mills. A practical estimate was obtained for the minimum specific energy consumption in fine grinding in mills involving grinding media that could be utilised as a target for optimisation. Impact-based media milling under cryogenic conditions can be used to obtain different Norway spruce wood powders from those produced under ambient grinding conditions, i.e. without the freezing effect of nitrogen liquid. The energy efficiency of fine grinding can be enhanced by choosing cryogenic rather than ambient conditions. The moisture content of the wood has greater influence on the size and shape of the particles when milling is accomplished under ambient conditions. Torrefaction can reduce the energy consumption in impact-based media mills for median particle sizes over 17.4 µm (± 0.2 µm), while the shape and cellulose crystallinity of the particles are not significantly affected by torrefaction pretreatment as a function of energy consumptionTiivistelmä Puujauheita käytetään laajalti erilaisissa sovelluksissa, kuten esimerkiksi biokomposiiteissa ja suodattimissa. Tämän lisäksi on olemassa paljon tutkimustietoa siitä, kuinka puujauheita voitaisiin hyödyntää laajemminkin. Puu voidaan mekaanisesti prosessoida alle 100 µm:n kokoluokkaan, mutta yksityiskohtaista tietoa kuivahienojauhatuksen olosuhteiden vaikutuksesta jauheiden morfologiaan ja selluloosan kiteisyyteen ei ole saatavilla. Puujauheen morfologialla ja selluloosan kiteisyydellä on kuitenkin merkittävä vaikutus sovelluksia ja jatkojalostusta ajatellen. Puun kuivahienojauhatuksen tiedon puute hankaloittaa merkittävästi prosessin suunnittelua ja optimointia erilaisia sovelluksia varten. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on selvittää iskuihin perustuvien hienojauhimien vaikutukset puun ominaisuuksiin ja tutkia mekaanisen prosessoinnin energiatehokkuutta hienojauhatuksessa. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kolmen erilaisen iskuun perustuvan hienojauhatusmyllyn pääasiallisten operointiparametrien vaikutusta kuivatun metsäkuusen ominaisuuksiin ja energiankulutukseen. Jokaisella hienojauhimella onnistuttiin tuottamaan puujauhoja, joiden mediaanikoko oli alle 25 µm. Iskuihin perustuvalla jauhinkappalemyllyllä saatiin tuotettua puujauhoa, jonka selluloosan kiteisyys on alhaisempi ja partikkelimuodot pyöreämpiä verrattuna samankokoisiin puujauhoihin, jotka on tuotettu iskuihin perustuvilla jauhinkappaleettomilla hienojauhatusmyllyillä. Työssä saatiin käytännöllinen arvio kuivatun metsäkuusen hienojauhatuksen minimienergiankulutukselle iskuihin perustuville jauhinkappalemyllyille, mitä voidaan käyttää kyseisten myllytyyppien optimoinnin tavoitteena. Työssä havaittiin lisäksi, että kryogeenisiä jauhatusolosuhteita käyttämällä voidaan tuottaa erilaisia puujauhoja verrattuna puujauhoihin, jotka prosessoidaan ilman nestetyppijäädytystä, kun jauhatus suoritetaan iskuihin perustuvalla jauhinkappalemyllyllä. Ilman nestetyppijäädytystä puun kosteuspitoisuudella on merkittävämpi vaikutus puujauhojen ominaisuuksiin kuin kryogeenisissä olosuhteissa jauhetuilla. Kryogeenisillä jauhatusolosuhteilla voidaan parantaa myös jauhatuksen energiatehokkuutta. Torrefioinnilla voidaan vähentää hienojauhatuksen energiankulutusta iskuihin perustuvilla jauhinkappalemyllyillä, kun tavoitekoon mediaani on yli 17,4 µm (± 0,2 µm). Torrefioinnilla ei ole vaikutusta selluloosan kiteisyyteen tai partikkeleiden muotoon energiankulutuksen funktiona
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Perry, Edwin R. „The Roof is On FIre“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1407770401.
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Parisini, Irene. „Improved aerosol deposition profiles from dry powder inhalers“. Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15931.
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Lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are major health burdens on the global population. To treat diseases of the lung, topical therapies using dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have been employed. However, a relatively small amount of dose (5.5 - 28 %) reaches the lung during DPI therapy leading to high inter-patient variability in therapy response and oropharyngeal deposition. Strategies were assessed to take patient variability in inhalation performance into account when developing devices to reduce throat deposition and to mitigate flow rate dependency of the emitted aerosol. A cyclone-spacer was manufactured and evaluated with marketed and in-house manufactured formulations. An in vivo study showed that a high resistance inhaler would produce longer inhalation times in lung disease patients and that a spacer with high resistance may prove a suitable approach to address inter-patient variability. Two spacer prototypes were evaluated with cohesively- and adhesively-balanced particle blends. The data suggested that the throat deposition dramatically decreased for the emitted particles when the spacers were used with the inhalers (e.g. 18.44 ± 2.79% for salbutamol sulphate, SS 4 kPa) due to high retention of the formulation within the spacer (87.61 ± 2.96%). Moreover, variation in fine particle fraction and dose was mitigated when increasing the flow rate (82.75 ± 7.34 %, 92.2 ± 7.7 % % and 77.0 ± 10.1 % at 30, 45 and 60 Lmin-1, respectively). The latter was an improvement over previous proposed DPI spacers, where variability in emitted dose due to airflow rate was a major issue. Due to the different physicochemical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients used in the formulation, throat deposition and respirable fraction for adhesively-balanced particles (e.g. SS) were double that of the cohesively- balanced particles (salmeterol xinafoate, SX) (e.g. 65.83 ± 8.99 % vs. 45.83 ± 5.04 % for SS:Coarse Lactose (CL) and SX:CL, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface-bound agglomerates were more freely removed from the carrier, but subject to decreased impaction-type deagglomeration forces in the spacer than for carrier-bound drug. An ex vivo study using breath profiles from healthy volunteers identified the minimization of differences between adhesively- and cohesively-balanced blends when full breath profiles were studied compared to square-wave airflow. Therefore the use of constant flow for in vitro testing should not be the sole flow regime to study aerosolization when developing new inhalation devices and formulations.
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Lineton, Warran Boyd. „An investigation into dry and wet textile friction and lubrication in practical applications“. Thesis, De Montfort University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10707.
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The lubrication of dry viscose fibres by a two component finish, and the lubrication of wet Iyocell fabric against metal, with various aqueous lubricant systems, has been studied. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was investigated as a means of providing direct chemical information from finished fibre surfaces. The composition and distribution of a two component finish applied to viscose fibres was determined successfully. When applying finish from a bath, the surface composition of the finished fibres was not controlled by the bath conditions. Increasing the concentration of finish in the bath did, however, increase the total amount of finish deposited, and increasing the concentration of antistat relative to lubricant in the bath increased the amount of antistat relative to lubricant deposited on the finished fibres. Fibre friction was determined using the capstan method. The friction forces, measured for finished viscose fibres, were correlated with the finish application conditions. Increasing the emulsion concentration in the finish bath reduced fibre/metal friction, but finish component ratio, emulsion concentration, dip time and bath temperature did not affect fibre/fibre friction. Spray applying the finish resulted in unfinished regions on the fibre surfaces and the electrical resistance of fibre bundles was not reduced. Bath application of finish did lower electrical resistance in comparison with unfinished fibre, but none of the bath deposition variables had a significant effect on electrical resistance.
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Schwanse, Nina E. „Trouble Every Day“. ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1535.
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My interests lie in the intersection of the public and private, the corporate and personal, especially with regard to self-representation within cultural power structures. Utilizing video and web technologies, performance, and painting, I create imagined realms of fantasy, desire, obsession, and anxiety. Operating within, but not bound by, feminist discourse, my work explores the vehicles and effects by which both analog and digital technologies influence the relationship between the self and the object of desire (whether physical or virtual, interior or exterior to the body) and have produced both progressive and regressive offspring. By performing the role of both producer of cultural archetypes and the compulsive consumer of signs, my characters embody the representation(s) of their source but, through action and voice, invent a mutant surrogate who dictates its own agency.
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Baccomo, Raffaele. „The Five Dollar Day : a Detailed Analysis /“. Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2009. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/2009/20070003.pdf.
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Mitchell, Thomas A. „Machine vision techniques for inspection of dry-fibre composite preforms in the aerospace industry“. Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7118.
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This thesis presents the results of a three year investigation into machine vision techniques for in-process automated inspection of dry-fibre composite preforms. Efficient texture analysis based techniques have been developed, tested, and implemented in a prototype robotic assembly cell. Industrial constraints have been considered in the development of all the algorithms described. A single channel texture analysis model is described which can successfully segment images containing only a few textures. The model is based on convolution of the image with small kernels optimised for the task, and is elegant in the sense that it is computationally simple and easily realisable in low cost hardware. A new convolution kernel optimisation algorithm is described. It is demonstrated that convolution kernels can also be optimised to perform as edge operators in simple textured images. A novel boundary refinement algorithm is described which reduces the inspection errors inherent in texture based boundary estimates. The algorithm takes the form of a local search, using the texture estimate as a guiding template, and selects edge points by maximising a merit function. Optimum parameters for the merit function are obtained using multiple training images in conjunction with simple function optimisation algorithms.
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York, Catherine Adele. „Identification of the causes of dry patch of fine sports turf in the UK“. Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337862.
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Hronskiy, Oleksiy. „Grazing Legacy Influence Nutrient Content and Dry Matter Digestibility of Five Reindeer Food Plants“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174776.
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Herbivores have a significant role in tundra ecosystem composition and processes. They can cause changes of vegetation composition and nutrient content that result in altered palatability of the vegetation and food availability for herbivores. The direct effect of herbivores on plant quality and quantity have been studied in detail, and recent studies have shown that present vegetation composition and soil processes might show legacies of historical grazing a century ago. This raises the question if historical grazing also has a legacy on the palatability of the vegetation. In this study, I investigated if the quality of the vegetation of the Historical Milking Grounds (HMGs) heavily grazed up until a century ago is still under influence a century after the heavy grazing has ceased. I focused on the nitrogen content and digestibility of the vegetation, since these should be two independent measures of food quality which, when evaluated together, should give a good estimate of the quality of the forage.
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Liu, Yi-Hung. „Analysis of Production Process of Fine Dry Ice Particles and Application for Surface Cleaning“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157619.
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Drivas, Thanos. „Manufacturing Three-dimensional Carbon-fibre Preforms for Aerospace Composites“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31577.
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Carbon fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites (CF PMCs) are increasingly used in state-of-the-art aerospace applications. Aerospace manufacturers favour components made of CF PMCs over those made of traditional metallic alloys because of their light weight and corrosion resistance, which lead to significant improvements in fuel consump- tion, increased payload capability, and reduced maintenance and inspection costs. How- ever, manufacturing of CF PMC components is performed differently than traditional material in all stages – design, prototyping and production – and therefore, many com- mercial manufacturers have only recently begun producing components with CF PMCs.
The first half of this thesis was written as a contribution to the CRIAQ COMP-501 project, which focusses on investigating the cost-effective procurement of airframe com- ponents that are manufactured from final-thickness, net-shaped, and through-thickness reinforced CF preforms. Reinforcement preforms were assembled from commercial 2D woven fabric using stacks of various configurations of structural through-thickness CF stitch. The contribution herein provides the results obtained from investigations into the mechanical behaviour of the relevant reinforcements, when subjected to pre-infusion op- erations typical to RTM VARTM; mechanical behaviour in compaction, shear (draping) and bending (forming).
The second half of this thesis presents the major developments which were made to an alternative process for producing thick 3D preforms with great versatility, a process originally proposed as a candidate for supplying preforms to the COMP-501 project. This process interfaces a proprietary kinematic drape optimization (CAD) software with proprietary automated dry fibre placement assembly (CAM) machinery to produce vari- able or final-thickness reinforcements which are highly-drapable and can lay steered tow yarns.
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Kaur, Mahinder. „Mortal heroes of the day a needs assessment in an urban fire department /“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Martyn, Raewyn. „DAY FOLDER“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3039.
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Provisional or unfinished images, forms and actions can sustain their status by continuing to change. This can resist programmed experience of their state, and shift their relationship as images within time. The sub-aesthetics of the unfinished and entropic can alter our understanding of where and how images are formed and located within time. My paintings each exist within their own emergent systems of time, structure and productive disorder. This thesis discusses these ideas in relation to DAY FOLDER and other work made during my MFA studies.
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Lumm, Logan Ann. „Post-feminism and the modern day bombshell“. Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21210.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)Note: The author, Logan Ann (Lumm) Taylor, can be reached at logananntaylor@gmail.com.
The bombshell figure is nothing new— she has been a historical site of feminist discourse, both applauded and vilified for her position and influence within celebrity culture. In the post-feminist era in which we may now live, the bombshell has been reimagined in reaction to the ideologies of the post-feminist movement. She emphasizes the problematic aspects of this movement, but also finds agency and power within its confines. This study provides two examples of the modern day bombshell figure, Sofia Vergara and Angelina Jolie, and explores the facets of these women’s brand identity that further women’s advancement toward true equality as well as those facets that inhibit women’s ability to rise above objectification and limited perspectives of equality and feminist success. This study explores the complicated relationship between celebrities, their fans, and the societal constructs in which they operate, ultimately revealing two women who have updated previous models of femininity with an agency and empowered sensibility that could well be the future of feminist action and choice.
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Welbaum, Andrew James. „The Five-Day Russia-Georgia War: Origins and Interpretations“. Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1239823968.
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Sharif, Tahir. „Robotic approach to low-cost manufacturing of 3D preforms with dry fibres“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/robotic-approach-to-lowcost-manufacturing-of-3d-preforms-with-dry-fibres(d25f48b9-0d9e-4d78-a2dd-e00da1d127c7).html.
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High-performance fibres such as carbon, glass and kevlar are very promising for aerospace applications because of their high strength, stiffness, impact damage and excellent fatigue life. The high cost of the prepreg materials such as pre-impregnated fibre tape/tow and fabrics, and limitations of existing manufacturing processes are a big challenge for the aerospace industry to meet increasing performance demands. Their benefits can only be achieved by using low cost materials and manufacturing methods. In the past three or four decades, there have been substantial technological developments, which are governed by the new materials and their associated manufacturing techniques. The production of carbon fibre is slow and capital intensive, therefore, carbon manufactures produce higher tow counts (number of filaments) to increase production through-put in order to reduce its cost. In other words, 12k carbon tow is much cheaper than 6k or 3k carbon tow. In many applications finer tows are desirable. In this thesis, a fully automated laser feedback tow splitting line has been developed to split higher tow counts (12k spool) into smaller tow counts (split into 6k spools) in order to produce low cost material. The quality of the split tows has been evaluated by recording the data online during the splitting process. The recorded data was later analysed by statistical tools. A four axis modular gantry robotic system has been developed at the University of Manchester in order to deposit dry fibres in a completely flexible manner. To facilitate robotic preforming, an end-effector and mould have been designed and developed in this research. The tow placement program was written in the CoDeSys software which is then uploaded into the motion controller to perform specific motions. The cross-ply laminates have been manufactured by the proposed robotic system using split 6k (produced by the tow splitting process) and original 12k carbon tows. Mechanical test of both composites (12k and split 6k) are presented. A tufting process has been developed and conducted by the robotic system in order to manufacture 3D preforms. The tufted composite was compared with 3D woven and stitched 2D broadcloth in terms of the tensile and interlaminar shear strength properties. X-ray tomography has been conducted to investigate preform geometrical variations of manufactured composites. In addition, preforming cost models have been developed for robotic fibre placement and 3D weaving.
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Mack, Claudia Isabell. „The effect of fine particle removal from ground forage samples on In Saccro dry matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance values“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6609.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In vitro and in situ methods using the in sacco technique have a wide application in ruminant nutrition as they allow the degradability and quality of forages and ruminant diets to be determined quicker and at a lower cost than in vivo methods. These trials make use of artificial fibre bags, made of polyester (dacron) or nylon which are available in variable pore sizes. Results from such degradability trials are of great value to feed formulation programs such as AMTS.cattle and CPM Dairy and the more accurate the results are obtained from such trials the more accurate feed formulation models are enabling the ruminant nutritionist to formulate the best diet possible to reach the genetic potential of ruminants. The accepted method for in sacco trials (NRC, 2001) requires that the feed samples are ground through a 2 mm screen. This usually results in a variety of particle sizes, including a significant amount of extremely fine particles. Research has, however, shown that these fine particles can potentially be washed out of the dacron bags that are used in in sacco degradability trials. This would result in an overestimation of the soluble and rapidly fermentable nutrient fractions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fine particle removal from ground forage samples on the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradability of forages. Lucerne hay, oat hay and wheat straw samples were sourced from seven different locations in the Western Cape. Samples were milled through a 2 mm screen and then sieved through either 150 μm, 125 μm or 106 μm. All fractions were analysed for DM, crude protein (CP), NDF, fat and ash. Based on the NDF content of the original samples, four samples from each forage type were selected for in vitro trials to determine DM and NDF disappearance over time. Samples were incubated for 0, 6, 24 and 48 hours in an ANKOM Daisy II incubator. Significant variation occurred within forage types in terms of chemical composition. Fine particle removal had no effect on the NDF content of lucerne hay and wheat straw, but sieved oat hay fractions had a higher NDF content than the un-sieved samples. The NDF content was on average 635.9 for the sieved OH fractions, whereas the NDF content of the un-sieved samples was 606.8. The CP content of sieved oat hay (61.4 on average) and wheat straw fractions (47.7 on average) were lower than the un-sieved fractions (65.7 for OH and 55.4 for WS), whereas for lucerne hay, sieving had no effect on CP content. Dry matter and NDF disappearances were significantly higher for the un-sieved samples than for the sieved fractions for all three forage types at all incubation times, which indicates an overestimation of the soluble and readily digestible forage fractions. Compared to sieved samples, DMD values at 0 hours (washing only) of the un-sieved samples were, on average, 13.8% higher for lucerne hay, 27.3% for oat hay and 44.7% for wheat straw. At 48 h, the overestimation of lucerne DMD for the un-sieved samples was between 4.0% (compared to 106 μm sieve) and 7.3% (compared to 150 μm sieve). This over-estimation in the un-sieved samples was carried over to all four time points. No significant differences between the fractions (150, 125 and 106) were found within a forage type at all incubation times. The estimated degradation rates and the predicted digested proportions were also significantly higher for the un-sieved fractions compared to the sieved fractions. It was concluded that fine particle removal from forage samples would result in more accurate estimations of in sacco nutrient degradability.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In sacco in vitro- en in situ-metodes word dikwels toegepas in die studie van herkouervoeding aangesien hierdie metodes vinniger, meer effektief en meer ekonomies is as in vivo-metodes. Hierdie studies maak gebruik van kunsveselsakkies, gemaak van poliëster (dacron) of nylon wat beskikbaar is in verskeie poriegroottes. Resultate van sulke verteringsproewe is belangrik vir toepassing in voerformuleringsprogramme soos AMTS.cattle en CPM Dairy. Die resultate wat deur hierdie studies verkry word, is belangrik vir akkurate voerformulering deur formuleringsmodelle en stel die herkouervoedingkundige in staat om die ideale voer te formuleer vir die manifestering van die dier se genetiese potensieaal. Die aanvaarde in sacco-metode (NRC, 2001) vereis dat voermonsters deur ‘n 2 mm sif gemaal word wat ‘n groot verskeidenheid partikelgroottes tot gevolg het met ‘n beduidende hoeveelheid baie fyn materiaal. Navorsing het getoon dat hierdie baie fyn partikels uit die dacronsakkies gewas kan word tydens in sacco verteringstudies, met die gevolg dat die oplosbare en vinnig-verteerbare fraksie oorskat kan word. Die doel van die huidige studie was om die invloed van die verwydering van fyn partikels op die chemiese samestelling van ruvoermonsters te bepaal, asook die in vitro droë materiaal (DM) en neutraal-onoplosbaare vesel (NDF) verteerbaarheid daarvan. Monsters van lusernhooi, hawerhooi en koringstrooi, afkomstig van sewe verskillende lokaliteite in die Wes-Kaap, is deur 'n 2 mm sif gemaal en sub-monsters is deur ‘n reeks siwwe met poriegroottes van 150 μm, 125 μm of 106 μm gesif. Al die fraksies is geanaliseer vir DM, ruproteïen (RP), NDF, vet en as. Vier monsters van elke voertipe is op grond van die NDF-inhoud geselekteer vir in vitro-studies om die DM- en NDF- verteerbaarheid oor tyd te bepaal. Monsters is vir 0, 6, 24 of 48 uur geïnkubeer. Die resultate het getoon dat daar betekenisvolle variasie in chemiese samestelling binne ruvoertipes voorgekom het. Die verwydering van die fyn partikels het geen invloed die NDF-inhoud van lusernhooi en koringstrooi gehad nie. Wat hawerhooi betref, was die NDFinhoud van die gesifte monsters egter betekenisvol hoër in vergelyking met die ongesifte monsters. Die NDF inhoud was gemiddeld 635.9 vir die gesifte monsters en vir die ongesifte monsters 606.8. Sifting het geen invloed op die RP-inhoud van lusernhooi gehad nie, maar vir hawerhooi (61.4 gemiddeld) en koringstrooi (47.7 gemiddeld) was die RP-inhoud van die gesifte monsters betekenisvol laer as dié van die ongesifte monsters (65.7 vir hawerhooi en 55.4 vir koringstrooi). In vergelyking met die gesifte monsters, was die in vitro DM- en NDF-verteerbaarhede betekenisvol hoër vir die ongesifte monsters vir al drie ruvoertipes by alle inkubasietye. Hierdie resultate bevestig ‘n oorskatting van oplosbare en maklik verteerbare fraksies in gemaalde voermonsters. In vergelyking met die gesifte monsters, was die DMV-waardes van die ongesifte monsters by 0 ure (slegs gewas) gemiddeld 13.8% hoër vir lusernhooi, 27.3% vir hawerhooi en 44.7% vir koringstrooi. Na 48 h inkubasie was die oorskatting van lusern DMV vir die ongesifte monsters tussen 4.0% (vergeleke met die 106 μm sif) en 7.3% (vergeleke met 150 μm sif). Die oorskatting is oorgedra na al vier inkubasietye. Die resultate het geen noemenswaardige verskille tussen die fraksies (150 μm, 125 μm en 106 μm poriegroottes) van ‘n ruvoertipe by enige inkubasietyd aangedui nie. Die beraamde verteringstempo’s en verteerde fraksies was ook aansienlik hoër vir die ongesifte monsters in vergelyking met die gesifte monsters. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die verwydering van fyn partikels uit gemaalde ruvoermonsters die akkurate bepaling van in sacco verteerbaarheidswaardes verhoog.
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Williamson, Bruce R. „Sources and Deposition Processes Linking Atmospheric Chemistry and Firn Records from Four Glacier Accumulation Zones in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica“. Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WilliamsonBR2006.pdf.
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Jenkins, Seán E. „Spatial demography of trees in an oak savanna and adjacent dry chert woodland in the Missouri Ozarks /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842585.
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Peruzzi, Antônio de Paulo. „Comportamento das fibras de vidro convencionais em matriz de cimento Portland modificada com látex e adição de sílica ativa“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18131/tde-13112002-180613/.
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As argamassas e concretos de cimento Portland são materiais de construção duráveis, relativamente baratos que, embora apresentem boa rigidez e adequada resistência à compressão, têm outras propriedades deficientes, tais como: resistência à tração, ao impacto, à fadiga, além de baixa tenacidade e ductilidade. Uma considerável melhora destas propriedades pode ser obtida com adição de fibras, em quantidades adequadas, na composição destes materiais. A utilização de fibra de vidro convencional (tipo E) no reforço das argamassas de cimento Portland, pode ser viável uma vez contornado o ataque do meio alcalino à fibra, principalmente o hidróxido de cálcio Ca(OH)2, produzido na hidratação do cimento. No presente trabalho foi obtida uma menor intensidade de ataque alcalino às fibras de vidro E, por meio da modificação com látex Estireno Butadieno, da adição de sílica ativa em substituição ao cimento Portland e da utilização de ambos concomitantemente. Outro procedimento utilizado, visando uma maior durabilidade das fibras de vidro, foi a proteção da superfície desta fibra com uma película de látex Estireno Butadieno e de uma mistura deste látex e sílica ativa. A eficiência de um e outro procedimento foi verificada por meio da comparação dos resultados de ensaio à tração e flexão, em amostras submetidas a processo de hidratação convencional e acelerado e observações pro meio de microscopia óptica.Portland cement mortar and concrete are durable building materials, relatively cheap and, despite they display a good rigidity and an adequate compressive strength, they have other deficient properties such as tensile strength, impact, fatigue, beyond low toughness and ductility. A considerable improvement of these properties can be obtained adding fibers, in adequate quantities, in the composition of the materials. The use of conventional glass fiber (E-glass) in the reinforcement of Portland cement mortar can be possible if the attack of the alkaline environment, produced by cement hydration (chiefly by calcium hydroxide), to the fiber is controlled. In this work, a lesser intensity of alkaline attack on the E-glass fibers was succeded through the modification of the Portland cement matrix by styrene butadiene latex, the addition of silica fume or through the utilization of both additives at the same time. Another proceeding, aiming at a greater durability of the E-glass, has been the protection of the fiber surface with a styrene butadiene latex coating or with a mixture of this same latex and silica fume. The efficiency of each proceeding was verified by the comparison of tensile strength and flexural strength in samples submitted to accelerate and conventional hydration processes and by the observation of the interface glass/matrix with optical microscopy.
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Costa, Daryne Lu Maldonado Gomes da. „Carnes PSE (pale, soft, exudative) e análogo ao DFD (dark, firm, dry) de frango em embutido cárneos“. Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, 2008. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000129623.
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O crescente consumo mundial de carne de frango e produtos processados, fez aumentar a preocupação com a qualidade da carne fresca, consequentemente anormalidades relacionadas a cor, como o PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) e análogo ao DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry) ganharam a sua devida importância. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a influência da utilização de carnes PSE e análogo ao DFD (a-DFD) como matéria-prima para elaboração de embutidos cárneos. Os filés foram coletados e analisados 24h post mortem em uma linha comercial de abate, e classificados com base na associação dos valores de pH e L*, pH£ 5,80 e L*³53,0 como PSE, pH ³ 6,00 e L*£44,0 como a-DFD, e amostras com valor de 5,80The consequence of increase worldly consumption of chicken meat and also as processed meat products, brings about an increase concern of its quality as fresh meat in particular those related to meat color abnormalities as PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) and DFD-like (Dark, Firm, Dry). Thus the objective of this work was to investigate the influence of using broiler PSE meat and DFD-like meat (a-DFD) as raw material for processing meat products. Breast fillet meat were analyzed after 24h post mortem in a commercial meat processing line and classified as PSE-, a-DFD- and Normal-meats based on the association of pH and L* values. The values of pH£ 5.80 and L*³53.0 as PSE, pH ³ 6.00 and L*£44.0 as a-DFD, and samples with values of 5.80
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Michelsen-Correa, Stephani. „Geomorphic response to restoration and disturbance: Grazing, fire, and flooding on the Middle Fork John Day River, OR“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11290.
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xii, 64 p. : ill. (some col.), mapsSalmon habitat restoration is ongoing at a Nature Conservancy preserve on the Middle Fork John Day River in the Columbia River Basin in north-central Oregon. The site has a long history of disturbance including dredge mining upstream, channelization, grazing, logging, fire, and floods. Using historic aerial photos, habitat unit surveys, and cross sectional profiles, this thesis shows how the channel morphology, particularly habitat unit diversity, has changed since 1939, just before placer mining began. Results show that the dominant influence on present day channel morphology is channelization from the 1930's. Other changes including dredge mining in the late 1930's to early 1940's, cessation of cattle grazing in 1991, and a fire followed by a flood in the winter of 1996-1997, had less impact because of the straightened, stabilized channel morphology.
Committee in charge: Patricia McDowell, Chairperson; W. Andrew Marcus, Member
10000-01-01
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Aiello, George A. „Antibiotic prophylaxis in orthognathic surgery : one day vs. five days“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61326.
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The effect of one day and five day antibiotic administration for prophylaxis in orthognathic surgical procedures was compared.A randomized double-blind clinical trial using placebo was conducted. Thirty patients were equally distributed between two groups. Each group received Penicillin G two million units intravenously pre-operatively, and one million units I.V. every three hours intraoperatively and three hours post-operatively. Group one then received Penicillin G, one million units I.V. every six hours for eight doses, then Penicillin V suspension 300 mg orally every six hours for eight doses. Group two received placebo in a similar dosing schedule. The wounds were inspected post-operatively for infection.
One patient out of fifteen in group one (2.2%) and nine patients out of fifteen (60%) in group two (placebo) became infected. The overall infection rate was 33.3%. There was a statistically significant difference in rates of infection between the two groups (p $<$ 0.01). Antibiotic prophylaxis for orthognathic surgical procedures should continue beyond the immediate post-operative period. Five days of antibiotic administration appears to provide adequate coverage.
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Jackson, Christen Georgia. „Efficacy of Various Five-Day Estrous Synchronization Protocols in Sheep“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26828.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various estrous synchronization protocols utilizing the five-day controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) inserts that are infused with progesterone (P4) alone and when coupled with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin (PG) during different breeding seasons. Ewes received either 1 of 4 treatments: 1) Untreated (U); 2) 5 d CIDR (0.3 g P4) insert (C); 3) 5 d CIDR and PG at CIDR removal (d 0, P); or 4) GnRH at 5 d CIDR insertion and PG at CIDR removal (G). In Experiment 1, overall days to estrus were greater (P ? 0.01) in U and P compared with C. In Experiment 2, overall days to estrus were greater (P ? 0.02) in U and P compared with G. In summary, the 5 d CIDR reduces the number of days required to bring ewes into estrus when compared to untreated ewes.
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Kayofa, Fillemon. „Natural regeneration potential of Pterocarpus angolensis (Kiaat Tree) in the dry forests of northern Namibia“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97146.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pterocarpus angolensis is one of the timber tree species that regenerates naturally in the dry forest of Namibia, mainly assisted by the influence of forest fires. Tree development goes through a prolonged suffrutex stage to reach the sapling stage and then, finally, the bole tree stage. This study focused on assessing the main factors facilitating the development of Pterocarpus angolensis seedlings through the suffrutex stage to the sapling stage in Namibia dry forests. To achieve the study objectives three study locations (Okongo and Ncumcara Community Forests and Caprivi State Forest) were selected, representing a rainfall gradient. Within each study location, two different fire history treatments (recently burnt (RB) and recently unburnt (RU)) were selected, and four plots were randomly selected from each fire history treatment. Face to face individual interviews was conducted with community members surrounding the three forests to obtain indigenous knowledge information about Pterocarpus angolensis tree development. Seedlings and saplings found in all plots were counted and measured (tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH)) while trees more than 3 m high were only counted and measured for DBH. Laboratory analysis was performed to determine basic soil texture and nutrient status. In addition, destructive sampling was done on individual trees in the seedling and sapling stages at each study location. The destructive samples allowed for estimation of biomass in above and below ground components, determination of carbohydrate storage in the taproots and estimation of tree age by counting growth rings on the neck disc of the taproot sample. These measures could shed light on the tree development through the suffrutex stage. The main agents causing Pterocarpus angolensis tree damage and stand disturbances observed are drought, fires, insects, diseases, temperature, lightning, wind, animals and humans. Forest fires were found to be one of the major disturbances in all the study locations, particularly damaging to seedlings when fire intensity is high. Likewise, the most important factors influencing the tree development from seedlings to sapling and sapling to bole tree stages are soil water, soil fertility, plant competition, sunlight and fires. Through counting growth rings of taproot neck discs, it is estimated that the ages of seedlings most commonly range from 5 to 12 years in the dry forests of Okongo, Ncumcara and Caprivi. The soil texture in the three forests is dominated by sand, with the soil reaction usually being moderately acidic while the soils have low levels of organic carbon, phosphorus and exchangeable base cations. This study revealed that Caprivi State Forest (location with the highest rainfall) has the highest stand density followed by Okongo Community Forest and Ncumcara Community Forest with the lowest. Trees were grouped into different DBH and height classes. The highest numbers of trees are found in DBH class 0 – 10 cm and in height class 0.6 – 1.0 m at Okongo Community Forest but at Ncumcara and Caprivi many of the trees are in height class 1.1 – 1.5 m. The mean DBH difference is significant between locations but not significant between fire history treatments. A higher abundance of mature trees are found at Okongo Community Forest while a greater abundance of saplings occur at Ncumcara Community Forest which shows a significant difference between study locations. Seedling abundance is the same across study locations and fire history treatments. The difference in stand structure between study locations appears to be strongly influenced by different management regimes on the three locations. A majority of respondents from all the study locations alleged soil water followed by soil fertility as the main influential factors to Pterocarpus angolensis development. Again, most of the respondents revealed that seedling takes 4 – 7 years to reach sapling stage and their main environmental disturbance is fire. Tree cutting by members of the community was also perceived by the respondents as an important non-environmental disturbance. The most abundant tree development stage perceived by respondents was mature trees while seedlings rated the sparsest stage. Based on the respondents no silvicultural practices are performed to promote Pterocarpus angolensis growth. It follows that the Kiaat trees are currently growing without human intervention that might enhance their development. A combination of social survey (interview) and ecological survey provided reliable information on ecological processes. A weak positive significant correlation relationship existed between shoot mass (aboveground biomass) and taproot mass (belowground biomass), meaning when the taproot mass increases the shoot mass also increases. Analysis of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) storage in taproots showed that both sugar and starch contents in the taproots could facilitate the survival of the tree during suffrutex stages and its rapid growth thereafter. Based on this study Pterocarpus angolensis regeneration in these three dry forests is poor because seedling abundance is the lowest compared to saplings and mature trees. These study findings can be used as the basis for further studies to predict Pterocarpus angolensis natural regeneration in the dry forests, as well as input when management regimes are being developed for the dry forests of North Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pterocarpus angolensis (Kiaat) is een van die boomspesies wat natuurlik verjong in die droë bosveld van Namibië, met die hulp van bosbrande. Die boom ontwikkel deur ʼn lang semi-struik stadium waartydens die boompies as saailinge bekendstaan. Daarna ontwikkel dit deur die jongboom stadium tot dit uiteindelik die kroon stadium bereik. Hierdie studie fokus op die faktore bydra tot die ontwikkeling van Pterocarpus angolensis van die semi-struik stadium na die jongboom stadium in die droë bosveld van Namibië. Om die doelstellings van die tesis te bereik is drie studiegebiede gekies langs ʼn reënvalgradiënt (naamlik Okongo en Ncumcara gemeenskapsbosse asook Caprivi Staatsbos). Binne elke studiegebied is twee behandelings met verskillende brandgeskiedenis gekies (gebrand of nie-gebrand in die onlangse verlede). Vier persele is ewekansig uit elk van hierdie behandelings gekies vir eksperimentering. Persoonlike onderhoude is gevoer met gemeenskapslede wat in die omgewing woon ten einde inheemse kennis en inligting te versamel oor die ontwikkeling van die jong Pterocarpus angolensis bome. Alle saailinge en jongbome wat voorkom in die persele is getel en gemeet (boomhoogte en deursnee op borshoogte (DBH)) terwyl bome wat hoër as 3 m is, slegs getel en vir DBH gemeet is. Laboratoriumtoetse is gedoen op grondmonsters ten einde ‘n basiese beskrywing van die grondtekstuur en voedingstofstatus te verkry. Verder is destruktiewe bemonstering toegepas op bome in beide die saailing en jongboom stadium op elke studiegebied. Hierdie bemonstering het dit moontlik gemaak om bogrondse en ondergrondse biomassa te skat, om die opberging van koolhidrate in die penwortels te bepaal, en ook om die boom ouderdom te skat vanaf jaarringe in die nek van die penwortel monster. Hierdie metings kon lig werp op die boomontwikkeling deur die semi-struik stadium. Die faktore wat skade aan Pterocarpus angolensis bome veroorsaak asook versteuring van die opstande waarin die bome voorkom is droogte, brande, insekte, siektes, temperatuur uiterstes, weerlig, wind, diere en mense. Die bevindinge dui op bosbrande as een van die belangrikste versteuringsfaktor in al drie studiegebiede; dit is veral skadelik vir saailinge in die semi-struik stadium wanneer die vuurintensiteit hoog is. Die faktore wat die boomontwikkeling van saailing, na jongboom en kroonstadium beïnvloed is hoofsaaklik grondwater, grondvrugbaarheid, plantkompetisie, sonlig en brande. Die ouderdom van saailinge (bepaal vanaf jaarring tellings in die nek van penwortel monsters) van die meeste saailinge én jongbome is na raming tussen 5 en 12 jaar vir die droë bosse in die studiegebiede van Okongo, Ncumcara en Caprivi. Die grondtekstuur van hierdie studie se drie bosgebiede is hoofsaaklik sanderig, met ’n effens suur grondreaksie terwyl die gronde lae vlakke van organiese koolstof, fosfor, en uitruilbare basiese katione bevat. Die studie het aangedui dat Caprivi staatsbos (met die hoogste reënval) die digste opstande huisves, gevolg deur Okongo en dan Ncumcara gemeenskapsbos, met die laagste digtheid. Bome is gegroepeer in verskillende DBH en hoogte klasse. Die meeste bome kom voor in die DBH klas van 0-10 cm en in die hoogteklas van 0.6 – 1.0 m by Okongo, maar by Ncumcara en Caprivi is daar meer bome in die hoogteklas van 1.1 - 1.5 m. Die gemiddelde DBH verskil is betekenisvol tussen studiegebiede, maar is nie betekenisvol verskillend tussen brandgeskiedenis behandelings nie. ’n Hoër voorkoms van volwasse bome is by Okongo aangetref, terwyl ’n hoër voorkoms van jongbome by Ncumcara waargeneem is, en hierdie verskil was statisties betekenisvol. Die voorkoms van saailinge is soortgelyk oor alle studiegebiede en brandgeskiedenis behandelings heen. Die verskil in die struktuur van die opstande op die drie studiegebiede word skynbaar sterk beïnvloed deur verskillende bestuurspraktyke wat in elke gebied toegepas word. Die meerderheid van respondente van al drie studiegebiede beweer dat grondwater, gevolg deur grondvrugbaarheid die belangrikste faktore is wat P. angolensis ontwikkeling beïnvloed. Meeste van die respondente onthul dat saailinge 4 tot 7 jaar neem om die jongboom stadium te bereik en dat die belangrikste versteuringsagent bosbrande is. ʼn Belangrike nie-omgewingsfaktor wat verantwoordelik is vir versteuring in die bosse is mense wat bome, lote en/of takke afsaag. Respondente is van mening dat volwasse bome die grootteklas met die mees algemene voorkoms is, terwyl saailinge die skaarsste grootteklas uitmaak. Die respondente het aangedui dat geen boskultuurpraktyke toegepas word om die groei van P. angolensis aan te help nie. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat die Kiaatbome tans groei sonder menslike ingryping om hul ontwikkeling te verbeter. Die kombinasie van persoonlike onderhoude en ʼn ekologiese opnames het betroubare inligting rakende ekologiese prosesse opgelewer. ’n Swak positiewe, maar betekenisvolle korrelasie bestaan tussen die massa van die bogrondse lote en die penwortelmassa, wat beteken dat die lote se massa toeneem met toenemende wortelmassa. Analise van opgebergde nie-strukturele koolhidraatreserwes in die penwortel toon dat beide suiker- én styselinhoud in die penwortels die oorlewing van die boom in die struikstadium aanhelp, asook sy vinnige groei na die struikstadium. Die feit dat die saailinge minder volop is as jongbome en volwasse bome in hierdie studie dui aan dat verjonging van Pterocarpus angolensis in hierdie droë bosse maar swak is. Die bevindinge van die studie bevat inligting wat gebruik kans word (a) as die grondslag van verdere studies op die natuurlike verjonging van Pterocarpus angolensis in droë bosse, en (b) as inset wanneer bestuursaanbevelings vir die droë bosse van Noord Namibië ontwikkel word.
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Weiser, Deborah. „Fire and the Sabbath : a look at Exodus 35:3 and the Jewish exegetical history of the biblical prohibition against using fire on the Sabbath day“. Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29526.
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This paper examines the exegetical history of the prohibition against kindling fire on the Sabbath day. Since its biblical inception Ex. 35:3, the prohibition against kindling fire on the Sabbath, has undergone a multiplicity of interpretations. The texts examined in this paper survey the treatment of this verse from its inception through to the twentieth century and the advent of electricity. Over generations exegetes have understood this biblical verse to be a prohibition against kindling, burning, and even cooking. The debates concerning the legal status and implications of the verse have additionally been outlined in this paper. Tracing the history of this verse, therefore, provides insight into the meaning of the verse and its halakhic implications.
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Essary, Brandon K. Cervigni Dino S. „Religious parody and the economy of significance in Decameron day five“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2395.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Romance Languages Italian." Discipline: Romance Languages; Department/School: Romance Languages.
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Saeli, Ashley Nicole Saeli. „A Day in the Park: Childrens Wear Collection“. Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1525717417177765.
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Klein, Katharina [Verfasser], Heinrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Miller und Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Lemke. „Variability in dry Antarctic firn : Investigations on spatially distributed snow and firn samples from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica / Katharina Klein. Gutachter: Heinrich Miller ; Peter Lemke. Betreuer: Heinrich Miller“. Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072226634/34.
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Oet, Pui-kuen. „A study of the five-day week policy of the HKSAR Government“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38645981.
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Oet, Pui-kuen, und 屈沛權. „A study of the five-day week policy of the HKSAR Government“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38645981.
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Patel, Akash D. (Akash Chandu) 1977. „Modulation of African lightning and rainfall by the global five day wave“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16766.
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Thesis (S.M. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-176).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Using a field station in Rhode Island, we record electromagnetic transients caused by global mesoscale lightning activity in the Schumann resonance band (3Hz-50Hz). For this thesis, mesoscale lightning flashes originating in Africa were analyzed and compared to the phase and amplitude of a five day global pressure wave and African easterly waves. Evidence was also presented for the mesoscale lightning to be correlated with African rainfall and kinetic energy. The five day global pressure wave was located in terms of phase and amplitude for every day of the years 1989, 1996, and 1998. This global pressure wave seems to have a certain phase relationship with African convection and could possibly be modulating rainfall and lightning by a factor of two. Evidence is also presented for the possible modulation of African easterly waves by the five day wave.
by Akash C. Patel.
S.M.and S.B.
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Nasrollahi, Farshad. „Climate and energy responsive housing in continental climates : the suitabiliti of passive houses fir Iran's dry and cold climate /“. Berlin : Univ.-Verl. der TU, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998539066/04.
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