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Thematische Bibliographien / Dry fire

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Dissertationen
Bücher
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Konferenzberichte
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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Dry fire“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 18. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Dry fire"

1

Mondal, Nandita, and Raman Sukumar. "Characterising weather patterns associated with fire in a seasonally dry tropical forest in southern India." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 2 (2014): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13002.

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Anthropogenic fires in seasonally dry tropical forests are a regular occurrence during the dry season. Forest managers in India, who presently follow a fire suppression policy in such forests, would benefit from a system of assessing the potential risk to fire on a particular day. We examined the relationship between weather variables (seasonal rainfall, relative humidity, temperature) and days of fire during the dry seasons of 2004–2010, based on MODIS fire incident data in the seasonally dry tropical forests of Mudumalai in the Western Ghats, southern India. Logistic regression analysis showed that high probabilities of a fire day, indicating successful ignition of litter and grass fuel on the forest floor, were associated with low levels of early dry season rainfall, low daily average relative humidity and high daily average temperatures. These weather conditions are representative of low moisture levels of fine fuels, suggesting that the occurrence of fire is moderated by environmental conditions that reduce the flammability of fine fuels in the dry tropics. We propose a quantitative framework for assessing risk of a fire day to assist forest managers in anticipating fire occurrences in this seasonally dry tropical forest, and possibly for those across South Asia.

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Kovalyshyn, V., V. Marych, B. Gusar, V. Navalianyi, and Ya Fedyuk. "JUSITFICATION OF DRY CHEMICAL POWDERS TESTING PROCEDURE." Fire Safety, no. 33 (March 3, 2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.33.2018.07.

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The analysis of the problem of extinguishing fires of magnesium and its alloys is carried out. The urgency of studying the problem is confirmed by the fact that during the extinguishing of class D fires there are factors that can complicate the quenching process. Often, these metals actively react with water, which leads to an even greater spread of the fire and even an explosion. Therefore, special fire extinguishers, which have passed the proper test, are more effective in locating the fire and prevent the burning of the powder to form the "tongues" of the flame. In Ukraine, there is no method for testing the effectiveness of fire extinguishants of special purpose for the extinguishing of class D fires. The normative documents have been analyzed, which specify the procedures for testing extinguishing fire-extinguishing special-purpose fire extinguishing class D. Specifically: the methods are described in the international standard ISO 7165: 2017 «Fire fighting – Portable fire extinguishers – Performance and construction» and GOST 53280.5-2009 Fire fighting systems automatic. Extinguishing agents. Both methods have a number of shortcomings that need to be addressed when creating a Ukrainian fire test method for extinguishing fire extinguishing class D, namely: the dimensions of the metal frame made of sheet steel with a side (500 ± 10) mm, height (150 ± 5) mm for testing with magnesium chips are small; Not specified quantity of gasoline necessary for the rise of magnesium; The gas or oxygen torch used to dissolve magnesium does not provide full-value combustion throughout the area, but only creates separate cells of ignition. A draft methodology has been developed that determines the fire-extinguishing efficiency of powdered powders used in Ukraine. The required amount of fuel for burning magnesium and its alloys is determined. It was ascertained that for the firing of magnesium chips it is necessary to use at least 127 grams of gasoline of the mark A 92. Key words: test method, fire extinguishers of special purpose, extinguishing of fires of magnesium alloys

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Wanthongchai, Kobsak, Johann G. Goldammer, and Jürgen Bauhus. "Effects of fire frequency on prescribed fire behaviour and soil temperatures in dry dipterocarp forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 1 (2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08098.

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This study investigated how fire frequencies and fuel loads influence fire behaviour and soil heating in dry dipterocarp forests of the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Fire behaviour and soil temperatures during burning were measured on a series of plots with different past fire frequencies ranging from unburned control, to rarely, infrequently and frequently burned, representing fire occurrences in 0, 1, 2 and 7 out of the past 10 years respectively. The pre-burning loads of fine fuel including grasses, herbs, shrubs, seedlings, saplings and litters increased with the length of the previous fire-free interval. The rate of spread, flame height, fireline intensity and maximum soil temperatures at any soil depths were not significantly different between the past burning regimes, so fires were classed as low-intensity and low-severity surface fire. The longest duration of heating with temperatures >60°C at ground level occurred at the rarely burned site (~14 min), followed by the infrequently burned site (~12 min) and the frequently burned site (~8 min). However, the duration of heating above any given critical temperature threshold at 2- and 5-cm soil depths was less than 1 min across all regimes. From a fuel management perspective, there does not appear to be a need to carry out prescribed burns more frequently than every 6–7 years, because fine fuel loads did not continue to accumulate substantially beyond 7 years after a fire.

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Perry, Justin J., Garry D. Cook, Erin Graham, C. P. (Mick) Meyer, Helen T. Murphy, and Jeremy VanDerWal. "Regional seasonality of fire size and fire weather conditions across Australia's northern savanna." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19031.

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Australia’s northern savannas have among the highest fire frequencies in the world. The climate is monsoonal, with a long, dry season of up to 9 months, during which most fires occur. The Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund allows land managers to generate carbon credits by abating the direct emissions of CO2 equivalent gases via prescribed burning that shifts the fire regime from predominantly large, high-intensity late dry season fires to a more benign, early dry season fire regime. However, the Australian savannas are vast and there is significant variation in weather conditions and seasonality, which is likely to result in spatial and temporal variations in the commencement and length of late dry season conditions. Here, we assess the temporal and spatial consistency of the commencement of late dry season conditions, defined as those months that maximise fire size and where the most extreme fire weather conditions exist. The results demonstrate that significant yearly, seasonal and spatial variations in fire size and fire weather conditions exist, both within and between bioregions. The effective start of late dry season conditions, as defined by those months that maximise fire size and where the most extreme fire weather variables exist, is variable across the savannas.

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Srock, Alan, Joseph Charney, Brian Potter, and Scott Goodrick. "The Hot-Dry-Windy Index: A New Fire Weather Index." Atmosphere 9, no. 7 (2018): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070279.

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Fire weather indices are commonly used by fire weather forecasters to predict when weather conditions will make a wildland fire difficult to manage. Complex interactions at multiple scales between fire, fuels, topography, and weather make these predictions extremely difficult. We define a new fire weather index called the Hot-Dry-Windy Index (HDW). HDW uses the basic science of how the atmosphere can affect a fire to define the meteorological variables that can be predicted at synoptic-and meso-alpha-scales that govern the potential for the atmosphere to affect a fire. The new index is formulated to account for meteorological conditions both at the Earth’s surface and in a 500-m layer just above the surface. HDW is defined and then compared with the Haines Index (HI) for four historical fires. The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) is used to provide the meteorological data for calculating the indices. Our results indicate that HDW can identify days on which synoptic-and meso-alpha-scale weather processes can contribute to especially dangerous fire behavior. HDW is shown to perform better than the HI for each of the four historical fires. Additionally, since HDW is based on the meteorological variables that govern the potential for the atmosphere to affect a fire, it is possible to speculate on why HDW would be more or less effective based on the conditions that prevail in a given fire case. The HI, in contrast, does not have a physical basis, which makes speculation on why it works or does not work difficult because the mechanisms are not clear.

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Braithwaite, Richard W. "Effects of fire regimes on lizards in the wet-dry tropics of Australia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 3, no. 3 (1987): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002145.

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ABSTRACTA quantitative analysis of the effect of fire regime on the abundance of common lizard species and genera and the species richness of two lizard groups in Kakadu National Park (12° S) is presented. A surprising range of relationships between species abundance and components of fire regimes was revealed. Carlia amax, Heteronotia binoei and Carlia gracilis appear to be fire-sensitive, Diporiphora bilineata and Carlia triacantha are favoured by early hot fires, Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus seems relatively unaffected, Carlia foliorum seems very tolerant of fires, while Ctenotus and Sphenomorphus spp. are favoured by low intensity, patchy fires with high intensity spots.Lizard species experiencing the high-frequency fire regimes of the savannas and dry forests of the Australian wet-dry tropics are not able to select habitat at different stages of regeneration after fire but select habitat produced by fires of different types. The implication for management is that no one fire regime is optimal for the fauna as a whole. A range of fire regimes within a park should be maintained in order to retain the whole fauna.

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Oliveira, Sofia L. J., Stefan W. Maier, José M. C. Pereira, and Jeremy Russell-Smith. "Seasonal differences in fire activity and intensity in tropical savannas of northern Australia using satellite measurements of fire radiative power." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 2 (2015): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13201.

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Earth observation sensors play an important role in quantifying the energy released by fires and capturing their spatial and temporal dynamics. Using estimates of MODIS-derived fire radiative power (FRP) we characterised bushfire activity and intensity in tropical savannas of northern Australia, by season and vegetation type, over the period 2004–2012. Our results indicate that fire activity was highest in the Northern Territory and lowest in Queensland. Mean daily number of fire detections was almost twice as high in the late dry season (August–November) compared to the early dry season (May–July). Fire season was bimodal with fire activity peaks in May and October. Median fire intensity was lower for early dry season fires (29 MW) than late dry season fires (56 MW), and was positively correlated with the number of fire detections. Vegetation types with sparse canopy structure showed lower fire activity and higher intensity. Remote sensing of FRP provides frequent estimates of fire intensity over broad areas, allowing the comparison of this key fire behaviour metric across ecosystems and throughout the fire season. FRP estimates may also be used to draw inferences regarding fire effects, once the complexity and ecosystem-specificity of the relationships between fire intensity and fire severity is acknowledged.

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Prior, Lynda D., Grant J. Williamson, and David M. J. S. Bowman. "Impact of high-severity fire in a Tasmanian dry eucalypt forest." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 3 (2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15259.

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Dry eucalypt forests are believed to be highly fire tolerant, but their response to fire is not well quantified. We measured the effect of high-severity fires in dry eucalypt forest in the Tasmanian Midlands, the driest region on the island. We compared stand structures and fuel loads in long-unburnt (>15 years since fire) and recently burnt (<5 years since fire) sites that had been completely defoliated. Even in unburnt plots, 37% of eucalypt stems and 56% of acacia stems ≥5 cm in diameter were dead, possibly because of antecedent drought. The density of live eucalypt stems was 37% lower overall in burnt than in unburnt plots, compared with 78% lower for acacias. Whole-plant mortality caused by fire was estimated at 25% for eucalypt trees and 33% for acacias. Fire stimulated establishment of both eucalypt and acacia seedlings, although some seedlings and saplings were present in long-unburnt plots. The present study confirmed that eucalypts in dry forests are more tolerant of fire than the obligate seeder eucalypts in wet forests. However, there were few live mature stems remaining in some burnt plots, suggesting that dry eucalypt forests could be vulnerable to increasingly frequent, severe fires.

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Price, Owen F., Jeremy Russell-Smith, and Felicity Watt. "The influence of prescribed fire on the extent of wildfire in savanna landscapes of western Arnhem Land, Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 3 (2012): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf10079.

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Fire regimes in many north Australian savanna regions are today characterised by frequent wildfires occurring in the latter part of the 7-month dry season. A fire management program instigated from 2005 over 24 000 km2 of biodiversity-rich Western Arnhem Land aims to reduce the area and severity of late dry-season fires, and associated greenhouse gas emissions, through targeted early dry-season prescribed burning. This study used fire history mapping derived mostly from Landsat imagery over the period 1990–2009 and statistical modelling to quantify the mitigation of late dry-season wildfire through prescribed burning. From 2005, there has been a reduction in mean annual total proportion burnt (from 38 to 30%), and particularly of late dry-season fires (from 29 to 12.5%). The slope of the relationship between the proportion of early-season prescribed fire and subsequent late dry-season wildfire was ~–1. This means that imposing prescribed early dry-season burning can substantially reduce late dry-season fire area, by direct one-to-one replacement. There is some evidence that the spatially strategic program has achieved even better mitigation than this. The observed reduction in late dry-season fire without concomitant increase in overall area burnt has important ecological and greenhouse gas emissions implications. This efficient mitigation of wildfire contrasts markedly with observations reported from temperate fire-prone forested systems.

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Roos, Christopher I., and Andrew C. Scott. "A comparison of charcoal reflectance between crown and surface fire contexts in dry south-west USA forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 6 (2018): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17139.

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The historical and modern importance of crown fires in ponderosa pine and dry mixed-conifer forests of the south-west USA has been much debated. The microscopic reflectance of charcoal in polished blocks under oil shows promise as a semiquantitative proxy for fire severity using charcoal from post-fire landscapes. We measured the reflectance of 33 modern charcoal samples to evaluate (1) whether charcoal reflectance can distinguish between crown fires and surface fires in these forests; and (2) whether surface fires with masticated fuels burn with severities similar to surface fires in grass, litter and duff fuels. The charcoal analysed was primarily collected after wildland fires under two different conditions: (l) wildfires with moderate to high severity and crown fire behaviour (n = 17), and (2) prescribed fires with low to moderate severity but no crown fire behaviour (n = 16). Statistical analysis indicates that charcoal reflectance produced in crown fires significantly differs from surface fire charcoal, particularly surface fire charcoal formed in grass, duff and litter fuels. However, charcoal produced from surface fires in masticated fuels is indistinguishable from crown fire charcoal, suggesting that fires in areas that have experienced in situ mastication may have soil impacts similar to crown fires.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Dry fire"

1

Kodandapani, Narendran. "Fire regimes and their ecological effects in seasonally dry tropical ecosystems in the Western Ghats, India." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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2

Eber, Robert Mark. "Dry chemical fire suppression system discharge modeling and testing." Link to electronic thesis, 2001. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0104101-114046/.

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3

Otterstrom, Sarah Marie. "Fire in a neotropical dry forest : cultural uses and ecological effects /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Vihnanek, Robert E. "The effects of slashburning on the growth and nutrition of young Douglas-fir plantations in some dry, salal-dominated ecosystems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25062.

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Twenty Douglas-fir plantations, ranging from 5 to 15 years old, were examined on the east side of Vancouver Island. In all areas studied, salal was the dominant ground cover, and was suspected of being a major competitor with trees for water and nutrients. In each plantation, part of the area has been burned and part was unburned. Stocking of planted Douglas-firs was found to be greater on the burned than on the unburned areas of 16 sites and height growth of planted Douglas-firs was greater on the burned than on the unburned areas of 18 sites. Some degree of nitrogen deficiency was inferred for 17 sites, but was not attributed to burning. Height and percent cover of salal was greater on unburned areas. Differences in height growth and percent cover of salal between burned and unburned areas were seen to be greatest where inferred burn severity was high. Browsing of Douglas-fir was more prevalent on burned areas but did not result in height growth being less than on adjacent unburned areas.<br>Forestry, Faculty of<br>Graduate

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Negreiros, Gustavo Hees de. "Understanding and modeling ecological processes controlling flammability in seasonally dry evergreen forests of the Brazillian Amazon /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5528.

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6

Zendel, Alexander Mark. "Investigating the Role of Location-Allocation Models in Planning the Locations of Dry Fire Hydrants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31871.

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The absence of water mains in rural areas has the potential to seriously complicate rural wildfire and structure fire suppression. The installation of dry fire hydrants can tremendously reduce these difficulties. But fire managers must then decide where to place these hydrants to efficiently and effectively serve their area of concern. This thesis investigates the role of GIS location-allocation model (LAMs) as a tool to aid fire managers in planning the locations of numerous dry hydrants. LAMs are designed to place central service facilities in a configuration that optimally serves geographically dispersed demand. One of the objectives of this thesis is to determine whether or not this optimization is achieved based on the management needs of the Virginia Department of Forestry. Many variations of LAMs are examined and the most appropriate model, the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP), is selected. The flexibility of the MCLP model is then tested by imposing fine manipulations of hydrant demand weighting schemes.<br>Master of Science

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LeBlanc, Allison Renee. "A 1000-year sedimentary record of hurricane, fire, and vegetation history from a coastal lagoon in southwestern Dominican Republic." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76775.

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Our knowledge of whether hurricanes cause lasting changes in forest composition and the patterns and role of fire in Caribbean dry forests are lacking. This project combines paleoecological and paleotempestological methods to document the disturbance and environmental history of the last 1000 yrs at Laguna Alejandro, situated in the lowland dry forests of arid SW Dominican Republic. I analyzed multiple proxy data sources of a 160 cm coastal lagoon sediment profile. High-resolution (1 cm) sampling for loss-on-ignition and magnetic susceptibility indicated multiple erosion and hurricane events, including a hurricane ~996 cal YBP, and several erosion events and hurricanes between ~321 cal YBP and present day. Pollen analysis documented 32 plant families with most levels dominated by pollen of Fabaceae (legumes), the Urticales order, and Cyperaceae (sedges), though families of upland and montane vegetation are also present ~510-996 cal YBP. All pollen slides contained microscopic charcoal indicating the occurrence of regional or extra-local fires over the last ~1000 yrs. Local fires, as indicated by macroscopic charcoal, occurred before ~434 cal YBP and may be tied to hurricanes, increased moisture in the region (thereby increased fuel and ignition chances), or prehistoric human activities. Pollen spectra representing periods before and after disturbance events were similar and may support the idea of forest resilience, but more samples are needed. Multiple erosion events between ~294 cal YBP and present may be tied to hurricanes or tropical storms and increasing late-Holocene aridity in the region as documented by several studies from the Caribbean.<br>Master of Science

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Larkin, Claire Cecilia. "Effects of Common Disturbances on Composition and Succession in Coppice Plant Communities on Eleuthera, the Bahamas: Conservation Implications." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1280606889.

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Cassell, Brooke Alyce. "Assessing the Effects of Climate Change and Fuel Treatments on Forest Dynamics and Wildfire in Dry Mixed-Conifer Forests of the Inland West| Linking Landscape and Social Perspectives." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748887.

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<p> Over the past century in the western United States, warming has produced larger and more severe wildfires than previously recorded. General circulation models and their ensembles project continued increases in temperature and the proportion of precipitation falling as rain. Warmer and wetter conditions may change forest successional trajectories by modifying rates of vegetation establishment, competition, growth, reproduction, and mortality. Many questions remain regarding how these changes will occur across landscapes and how disturbances, such as wildfire, may interact with changes to climate and vegetation. Forest management is used to proactively modify forest structure and composition to improve fire resilience. Yet, research is needed to assess how to best utilize mechanical fuel reduction and prescribed fire at the landscape scale. Human communities also exist within these landscapes, and decisions regarding how to manage forests must carefully consider how management will affect such communities. </p><p> In this work, I analyzed three aspects of forest management at large spatiotemporal scales: (1) climate effects on forest composition and wildfire activity; (2) efficacy of fuel management strategies toward reducing wildfire spread and severity; and, (3) local resident perspectives on forest management. Using a forest landscape model, simulations of forest dynamics were used to investigate relationships among climate, wildfire, and topography with long-term changes in biomass for a fire-prone dry-conifer landscape in eastern Oregon, United States. I compared the effectiveness of fuel treatment strategies for reducing wildfire under both contemporary and extreme weather. Fuel treatment scenarios included “business as usual” and strategies that increased the area treated with harvest and prescribed fire, and all strategies were compared by distributing them across the landscape and by concentrating them in areas at the greatest risk for high-severity wildfire. To investigate local community preferences for forest management, I used focus groups, interviews, and questionnaires. Through open-ended questions and a public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) mapping exercise, local residents expressed their views on fuels reduction treatments by commercial and non-commercial harvest and prescribed fire. Emergent themes were used to inform alternative management scenarios to explore the usefulness of using PPGIS to generate modeling inputs. Scenarios ranged from restoration-only treatments to short-rotation commercial harvest. </p><p> Under climate change, wildfire was more frequent, more expansive, and more severe, and ponderosa pine expanded its range into existing shrublands and high-elevation zones. There was a near-complete loss of native high-elevation tree species, such as Engelmann spruce and whitebark pine. Loss of these species were most strongly linked to burn frequency; this effect was greatest at high elevations and on steep slopes. </p><p> Fuel reduction was effective at reducing wildfire spread and severity compared to unmanaged landscapes. Spatially optimizing mechanical removal of trees in areas at risk for high-severity wildfire was equally effective as distributing tree removal across the landscape. Tripling the annual area of prescribed burns was needed to affect landscape-level wildfire spread and severity, and distributing prescribed burns across the study area was more effective than concentrating fires in high-risk areas. </p><p> Focus group participants generally approved of all types of forest management and agreed that all areas should be managed with the “appropriate” type of treatment for each forest stand, and that decisions about management should be made by “experts.” However, there was disagreement related to who the “experts” are and how much public input should be included in the decision making process. Degree of trust in land management agencies contributed to polarized views about who the primary decision makers and what the focus of management should be. While most participants agreed that prescribed fire was a useful tool for preventing wildfire spread and severity, many expressed reservations about its use. </p><p> I conclude that forest management can be used to reduce wildfire activity in dry-mixed conifer forests and that spatially optimizing mechanical treatments in high-risk areas can be a useful tool for reducing the cost and ecological impact associated with harvest operations. While reducing the severity and spread of wildfire may slow some long-term species shifts, high sub-alpine tree mortality occurred under all climate and fuel treatment scenarios. Thus, while forest management may prolong the existence of sub-alpine forests, shifts in temperature, precipitation, and wildfire may overtake management within this century. The use of PPGIS was useful for delineating the range of forest management preferences within the local community, for identifying areas of agreement among residents who have otherwise polarized views, and for generating modeling inputs that reflect views that may not be obtained through extant official channels for public participation. Because the local community has concerns about the use of prescribed fire, more education and outreach is needed. This may increase public acceptance of the amounts of prescribed fire needed to modify wildfire trajectories under future climate conditions.</p><p>

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Fernandes, Elisa Furtado. "Hábitos de nidificação e distribuição da formiga lava-pés Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855) em área urbana." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6840.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-05-25T11:16:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elisafurtadofernandes.pdf: 1284208 bytes, checksum: e517e00e1c04225884d75d0d8e9ec17e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T11:53:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 elisafurtadofernandes.pdf: 1284208 bytes, checksum: e517e00e1c04225884d75d0d8e9ec17e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T11:53:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elisafurtadofernandes.pdf: 1284208 bytes, checksum: e517e00e1c04225884d75d0d8e9ec17e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>As formigas do gênero Solenopsis são frequentemente relatadas no ambiente urbano devido a sua facilidade em explorar recursos, competir com outras espécies e condições climáticas favoráveis. Dessa maneira, este estudo se torna de grande importância, pois as lava-pés causam inúmeros prejuízos econômicos, seja no ambiente urbano, na saúde pública e em áreas cultivadas. Este trabalho objetivou determinar a distribuição espacial, os hábitos de nidificação, bem como investigar as variações de temperatura ao longo do dia em colônias de Solenopsis saevissima em uma área urbana no município de Juiz de Fora. Para o estudo de nidificação e distribuição, foram realizadas coletas entre os meses de Outubro de 2013 a agosto de 2015, sendo duas amostragens na estação chuvosa e duas amostragens na estação seca. Para cada colônia ativa foi registrado o tipo de substrato e as dimensões das colônias. Dados de temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação foram cedidos pelo Laboratório de Climatologia e Análise Ambiental (LabCaa) da UFJF. Para verificar as variações de temperatura ao longo do dia, foi realizada uma amostragem na no período chuvoso (Janeiro/2015) e outra no período seco (Julho/2015). Os dados foram coletados com a utilização de um termômetro do tipo espeto digital e outro termômetro a laser. Os resultados demonstraram que as colônias de lava-pés permaneceram ativas no ambiente urbano durante todo o ano e que os fatores abióticos influenciaram nas nidificações. A distribuição dos ninhos de S. saevissima foi significativamente agregada nas duas estações. O substrato mais utilizado para as nidificações foi o Artificial-Natural. Em relação a temperatura do monte, nos períodos chuvoso e seco, a temperatura da superfície foi a que mais variou ao longo do dia e, a temperatura do interior do monte foi a que menos variou. Os resultados desse estudo são de grande importância para ampliar o conhecimento acerca da biologia e do comportamento de S. saevissima no ambiente urbano, além disso, gera subsídios para futuras estratégias de controle e para a redução do número de acidentes com seres humanos.<br>Ants of the Solenopsis genus are usually reported on urban environments due to favorable weather conditions and to their ability of exploring resources and competing with other species. On this sense, our study becomes of great importance, since the fire ants are accounted for causing countless economic losses regarding the urban environment, public health and plantation areas. This work aimed to determine the distribution, nesting habits and temperature variation through a day in colonies of Solenopsis saevissima in an urban area in the municipality of Juiz de Fora. In order to study nesting and distribution, samples were taken between October 2013 and August 2015, in which two samplings took place during the rainy season and two during the dry season. For each active colony, we recorded its dimensions and the kind of substrate it was located on. Data on temperature, relative humidity of air and precipitation were given by Laboratório de Climatologia e Análise Ambiental (LabCaa) of UFJF. In order to verify temperature variation through the day, samples were taken once during the rainy season (January 2015) and once during the dry season (July 2015). Measures were taken by using a probe-like digital thermometer and a laser thermometer. Results showed that fire ant colonies remained active in the urban environment for the whole year, and that abiotic factors influenced on their nesting. The nest distribution of S. saevissima was significantly aggregated in both seasons. The most used kind of substrate was the Artificial-Natural. Regarding the mound’s temperature in the rainy and dry seasons, surface values showed greater fluctuation during the day when compared to the mound’s interior. These results are important to build knowledge on the biology and behavior of S. saevissima in urban environments and to generate subsidies for future control strategies and reduction in the number of accidents with human beings.

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Bücher zum Thema "Dry fire"

1

Dry fire: A novel. W.W. Norton, 1996.

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Lewis, Catherine. Dry fire: A novel. W.W. Norton, 1996.

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Noste, Nonan V. Fire response of shrubs of dry forest habitat types in Montana and Idaho. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1987.

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Noste, Nonan V. Fire response of shrubs of dry forest habitat types in Montana and Idaho. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1987.

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Noste, Nonan V. Fire response of shrubs of dry forest habitat types in Montana and Idaho. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1987.

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Johnson, Morris C. Guide to fuel treatments in dry forests of the western United States: Assessing forest structure and fire hazard. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2007.

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Inferno: The day Victoria burned. Slattery Media Group, 2010.

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Nance, Kathleen. Day of fire. Love Spell, 2003.

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Nance, Kathleen. Day of fire. Love Spell, 2003.

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10

The refiner's fire. Pacific Press Pub. Association, 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Dry fire"

1

Till, Robert C., and J. Walter Coon. "Dry-Agent Automatic Suppression Systems." In Fire Protection. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90844-1_12.

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Kodandapani, Narendran, Mark A. Cochrane, and R. Sukumar. "Forest fire regimes and their ecological effects in seasonally dry tropical ecosystems in the Western Ghats, India." In Tropical Fire Ecology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77381-8_12.

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Li, Kuo-Yi. "Application of TRIZ in the Innovation Design of the Dry-Powdered Fire Extinguisher Training Device." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04573-3_143.

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Nauslar, Nicholas J., and Benjamin J. Hatchett. "Dry Thunderstorms." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_176-1.

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Nauslar, Nicholas J., and Benjamin J. Hatchett. "Dry Thunderstorms." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_176.

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Plotner, Tammy. "Lunar Day Five." In Moonwalk with Your Eyes. Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0646-5_6.

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Dey, Pranab. "Anterior Mediastinal Mass with Weakness and Dry Cough." In Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9772-1_70.

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Sayama, Mike K. "Every Day is a Fine Day." In Handbook of Zen, Mindfulness, and Behavioral Health. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54595-0_11.

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Bannister, Don. "Five in the Morning." In Long Day at Shiloh. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003103134-6.

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Bannister, Don. "Five in the Afternoon." In Long Day at Shiloh. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003103134-18.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Dry fire"

1

Lentz, Martin, Andrew Pascal, and Michael Weisenbach. "Dry Bay Fire Model Enhancements." In 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-1496.

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Yin, Zhitao, Song Lu, and Junchao Zhao. "Preparation of Ammonium Phosphate Dry Chemicals Inhibiting Reignition of Oil Pool Fires." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055785.

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Kemp, John, and Lisa Woods. "Live Fire Testing A Legacy Wing Assessing Dry Bay Fire Potential in the C-5 Wing." In 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1726.

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Kemp, John, and Lisa Woods. "Live Fire Testing a Legacy System - Assessing Dry Bay Fire Potential in the New C-5M Engine Pylon." In 50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2360.

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Karagiozova, Tzviatka, and Plamen Ninov. "HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT AND FIRE RELATIONSHIP." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.13.

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Drought can be defined in meteorological terms or in relative terms with respect to hydrology and ecosystems. Meteorological drought is not a necessary or a sufficient condition for fire, because fires burn during conditions of normal seasonal aridity. Drought occurs without wildfires in the absence of ignitions. However, when drought occurs, both live and dead fuels can dry out and become more flammable. Hydrologic drought as natural event is the result of long-lasting rainfall in the catchment area leading to the gradual depletion of water resources in the river network and the occurrence of a drought. Typically, hydrological drought is recorded as a river runoff below acceptable critical value. The authors explore the relationship between hydrological drought and forest fires. They present projections of fire-related drought indicators: the hydrologic indicator 7Q10 (the lowest 7-day average flow that occurs on average once every 10 years). The implementation of the hydrological drought as an approach for fire risk assessment has just started in Bulgaria. For this purpose, the assessment of the feasibility of using the hydrological 7Q10 drought index as a fire hazard indicator in real time is based on archive information on the variation of hydrological characteristics in the river network before and during an actual fire in an accepted pilot catchment. The Hydrologic Index 7Q10 for the pilot catchment of the Struma River was determined according to the rules for the last 15 years (2003-2017) using the daily water flows from all hydrometric stations The results of the presented study confirm the possibility of using the hydrological 7Q10 drought index to assess the risk of real-time fires by information on runoff from operational hydrological stations. One of the largest fires in the Struma River in 2017 occurred in an area identified as a fire on a highly hazard area according to the hydrological drought index 7Q10.

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Furukawa, Tomohiro, Shoichi Kato, Yasushi Hirakawa, Hiroo Kondo, and Hiroo Nakamura. "Experimental Study on Fire-Extinguishing of Lithium." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29262.

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Fire-extinguishing behavior of four fire extinguishants, dry sand, pearlite, Natrex-L and Natrex-M on burning lithium was examined. Temperature and flame increase in chemical reaction between lithium and silicon, which is the major element in the fire extinguishants, were observed for dry sand and pearlite. For Natrex-L, temperature increase was not observed visually, although flame was slightly increased when it was applied to the burning lithium. The effect of lithium pool depth on the fire-extinguishing performance of Natrex-L was investigated on the definite area of the lithium combustion surface because the density of Natrex-L was larger than that of liquid lithium. It was found that the amount (thickness) of fire extinguishant necessary for fire-extinguishing increased as the depth increased. In this experimental condition (combustion area: 270cm2, lithium depth: 1–2cm), the minimum thickness of the fire extinguishant was 1.5 times the depth of the lithium pool.

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Luo, Sha, Rui Liu, Jiaqing Zhang, et al. "Applicability Analysis of Dry Burning Test Method for Fire Pipe of Water Spray Fire Extinguishing System for UHV Transformer." In 2021 6th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acpee51499.2021.9437130.

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Smeenk, Sjoerd, Andre Lathouwers, Rene Smeets, and Luo YanSong. "Climatic, environmental and fire behaviour class verification on dry-type transformers; KEMA laboratories testing." In 2014 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2014.7066194.

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Ferrill, Lawrence R., N. Daryl Ronsky, and Tim A. Harris. "Explosions in Gas Turbine Lube Oil Reservoir Result in Installation of Dry Gas Seal System." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-222.

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Mechanical dry gas seal systems were retrofitted into two centrifugal natural gas compressors which are located offshore in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. The project was initiated after a fire and several gas explosions had occurred in the gas turbine lube oil reservoir. These incidents were a result of gas leaking from the compressor’s seal oil system and then migrating via the lube oil lines into the reservoir. The dry gas seal systems have eliminated gas leakage into the turbine lube oil reservoir, eliminating the hazard of gas explosion. The retrofits have also provided additional benefits including reductions in space and weight, reduced power usage, reduced maintenance, and elimination of seal oil consumption which had been up to 440 gal./day (2000 liters/day).

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Voutilainen, Heikki, and Herbert Rohrbacher. "A High-Pressure Water Mist System: Clean Fire Protection for Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68093.

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Modern high-pressure water mist systems are an advanced choice for rotating machinery fire protection. High-pressure water mist systems can provide: • Proven extinguishing efficiency, • Proven capability to protect equipment from thermal stresses, • Tolerance to poor enclosure integrity, • A safe and reliable alternative to gaseous systems, and • An environmentally friendly alternative to dry chemicals, halons and halon alternatives. Generally, the systems have total flooding design, which is the most appropriate for protecting rotating equipment in their purpose-built enclosures. Fine water mist with a specific application rate, droplet size distribution and high discharge momentum is used to fill the enclosure quickly and completely. For all fire protection systems, third party testing and appraisal is important. FM and VdS have approved gas turbine fire protection systems for enclosures up to 500m3, while systems for enclosures up to 3300 m3 are (2004) within approval process. This paper explains the water mist system basic terminology and fundamentals. The paper then discusses system design requirements and features. In the end, health and safety, as well as environmental aspects are reviewed.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Dry fire"

1

Hoehler, Matthew S., Matthew F. Bundy, Laurean DeLauter, Robin Materese, Leon Geršković, and José Ricardo García. Fire Hazards of Dry Versus Watered Christmas Trees. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2131.

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Chapman, Bryan Scott, and Andrew Russell Wysong. Incidental Reflector Comparison of Containerized Dry Fire Extinguishing Agents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1337059.

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Suo-Anttila, Jill Marie, Walter Gill, and Amalia Rebecca Black. Numerical predictions and experimental results of a dry bay fire environment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918259.

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Hasegawa, H. K., K. J. Staggs, and S. M. Doughty. Fire testing of 55 gallon metal waste drums for dry waste storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108540.

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Agee, James K., and John F. (comps ). Lehmkuhl. Dry forests of the Northeastern Cascades Fire and Fire Surrogate project site, Mission Creek, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-577.

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Peterson, David L., Morris C. Johnson, James K. Agee, Theresa B. Jain, Donald McKenzie, and Elizabeth D. Reinhardt. Forest structure and fire hazard in dry forests of the Western United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-628.

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Gann, Richard G., and Richard G. Gann. Fire suppression system performance of alternative agents in aircraft engine and dry bay laboratory simulations. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.890v1.

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Gann, Richard G., and Richard G. Gann. Fire suppression system performance of alternative agents in aircraft engine and dry bay laboratory simulations. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.890v2.

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Johnson, Morris C., David L. Peterson, and Crystal L. Raymond. Guide to fuel treatments in dry forests of the Western United States: assessing forest structure and fire hazard. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-686.

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Jain, Theresa B., Mike A. Battaglia, Han-Sup Han, et al. A comprehensive guide to fuel management practices for dry mixed conifer forests in the northwestern United States: Prescribed fire. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-62.

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