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Menshikov, Andrey S. „Time, Moment, Eternity: Hieroglyphs and Meditations in Yakov Druskin’s Philosophy“. Changing Societies & Personalities 5, Nr. 2 (09.07.2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.2.132.
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In this article, the author explores the interest of the interwar intellectuals in “time, death, God”. This focus on temporality as an existential problem engendered some major philosophical projects, which aimed at complete revision of how philosophy should be done, including Henri Bergson, Edmund Husserl, Franz Rosenzweig. The main part outlines a philosophical project of Yakov Druskin who addressed the problem of temporality in a highly original manner. Druskin combined philosophical reflection on time in its existential meaning with the search for intellectual methods and linguistic techniques to transcend our ordinary reality. Among these methods, in Druskin’s works present at least two major modes—meditation and “hieroglyphs”—can be identified. Both methods, however, aim at “transforming rather than informing” and at enabling us to linger in a “certain equilibrium with a minor error”.
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Григорьева, Г. В. „About the Concept of the Second Symphony by Galina Ustvolskaya“. Музыкальная академия, Nr. 3(767) (20.09.2019): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34690/01.
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Статья посвящена анализу Второй симфонии Г. Уствольской, исследованию особенностей композиции и драматургии. Для интерпретации художественной идеи привлекается канонический источник ее поэтического текста. Впервые рассматривается возможность влияния философских работ Якова Друскина. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Second Symphony by G. Ustvolskaya, the study of compositional and dramatic features. The author draws on the canonical source of poetic text to interpret an artistic idea, for the first time considering the possibility of the influence of Jacob Druskin philosophical works.
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Baltrėnas, Pranas, und Agnė Kazlauskienė. „SUSTAINABLE ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT REDUCING NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ROAD MAINTENANCE SALTS“. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 15, Nr. 1 (31.03.2009): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2009.15.178-188.
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To ensure traffic safety in winter, large amounts of technical salts (chlorides) are applied on roads. De‐icing salts directly or indirectly contaminate the road environment and have a negative effect on the components of road environment. The analysis of the situation raises a question: how to ensure traffic safety in wintertime applying salts and achieve sustainable development. The article presents the investigations of chloride concentrations on the roadsides of a highway. In 5 recent years, complex environmental laboratory investigations and investigations under natural conditions of the effect of salts on the components of the road environment have been carried out proving their toxic effect. Consequently, to reduce a negative effect of salts on the road environment, measures of sustainable ecological development have to be taken. To achieve a balanced use of salts, the proposal is to apply alternative materials (formiates, molasses‐based material). The introduction of biotechnical measures (an infiltration‐grassy ditch, biological and chemical indication on roadsides) is expedient to eliminate the consequences but not the reasons of salt use. Santrauka Žiemos sezonu eismo saugumui užtikrinti naudojami dideli kiekiai techninių druskų (chloridų). Slidumui šalinti barstomosios druskos tiesiogiai ir netiesiogiai užteršia kelio aplinką ir neigiamai veikia kelio aplinkos komponentus. Todėl kyla klausimas – kaip užtikrinti eismo saugumą žiemą naudojant druskas bei įgyvendinti darnaus vystymosi nuostatas. Straipsnyje pateikti chloridų koncentracijų tyrimai magistralinio kelio, kertančio saugomas teritorijas, pakelių dirvožemyje. Pastaruosius penkerius metus vykdomi kompleksiniai aplinkosaugos laboratoriniai ir natūriniai druskų poveikio kelio aplinkos komponentams tyrimai įrodo nuodingą jų poveikį. Todėl būtina imtis darnaus ekologinio vystymo priemonių, mažinant neigiamą druskų įtaką kelio aplinkai. Siekiant nepadidinti naudojamų druskų kiekio, siūlomos alternatyvios medžiagos (formiatai, melasos pagrindu pagaminta medžiaga). Druskų sukeliamoms pasekmėms (ne priežastims) pašalinti tikslinga įdiegti biotechnines priemones (infiltracinis-žolinis griovys, biologinė ir cheminė indikacija pakelėse).
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Savchenko, G. S. „Constants and Innovations in the Orchestral Writing of I. Stravinsky’s Ballet “Agon”“. Culture of Ukraine, Nr. 71 (02.04.2021): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5325.071.15.
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The aim of this paper is to identify the specifics of orchestral writing in the later works of I. Stravinsky on the example of the ballet “Agon” (1953–1957).
Significance of the topic. From 1953 begins the late (serial) period of I. Stravinsky’s work. Due to stylistic “modulation”, the study of orchestral writing in later works at the intersection of constant principles (multifigure, combinativity and plasticity) and innovations found out by us is relevant.
Research methodology. I. Stravinsky’s late style is studied in various aspects. A topical issue is the composer’s interpretation of serial technique (Glivinsky, 1995; Rogers, 2004; Straus, 1999; Smyth, 2000). N. Kardash (2010) offers a multidisciplinary textological approach in the studying of recent opera and ballet. Renaissance dance forms are studied in “Agon” by M. Richardson (2003). Characteristics of later works are contained in the section of the monograph of M. Druskin (2009). V. Zaderatsky’s monograph (1980) is devoted to the polyphonic thinking of the composer.
Historical, comparative, functional, systematic research methods are used in the work.
Results. I. Stravinsky’s original orchestral writing was formed in his early works (1908–1910). They gradually formed the principles of multifigure, combinativity (Savchenko, 2019; Savchenko, 2020) and plasticity, found out by us, as universal principles of the composer’s orchestral writing.
In the ballet “Agon” the composer applied a serial technique that determines the key role of polyphonic techniques of work with thematic invention, respectively, the dominance of horizontal thinking. At the same time in the creative comprehension and elaboration of techniques of serial technique the composer relies on the methods developed in his works (“formular” thematic invention, motives rotation technique, counterpoint combination of them) (Druskin, 2009, p. 226–227), motive-variant work (Savenko, 2001). Accordingly, ballet acts can be divided into two groups: with horizontal or horizontal/vertical priority in the organization of the orchestral texture.
Where the priority is horizontal, we highlight the following variants of the composition of the orchestral texture: 1) monophony (unison) or splitting of unison 2) texture based on the counterpoint interaction of short lines (sometimes — sound points); 3) on the basis of contrasting polyphony; 4) on the basis of imitation polyphony.
Conclusions. 1) In the orchestral writing of acts with horizontal/vertical priority, the constant principles of multifigure, combinativity and plasticity remain dominant; 2) Where the horizontal is a priority, innovative principles of organization of the orchestral texture prevail; constant principles are revealed covertly or in a modified form; 3) At the level of a ballet composition as a whole, the alternation of different types of organization of the orchestral texture is formed, in which different ideas about time and space are embodied; thoughtful timbre strategy and handling of different types of orchestral texture give rise to the original timbre-texture structure of the work.
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Maltseva, Anastasiya А. „SOME OBSERVATIONS OF THE CONTEMPORARY MUSICAL AND RHETORIC ANALYTICS“. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, Nr. 40 (2020): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/40/12.
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When considering the research of the musical rhetoric in the Russian musicology the leading significance of the intonation-semantic aspect should be highlighted, as well as active elaboration of the musical language and its communicative possibilities, but at the same time we should pay attention to fixation of the unidirectional concept of really board and heterogeneous range of Baroque musical and rhetoric figures. The early 1980s – 1990s and 2000s was the period of intensive studies of the musical language elements as meaning-forming building blocks of a work of arts as a total. In the 21st century the vector of the musical and rhetoric analysis has shifted only slightly. During the past 10 years a ‘musical-rhetorical figure’ has been defined through such notions as ‘symbol’, ‘a sound phrase (motive)’, ‘formula’, ‘sign, emblem’, ‘stable, semantically intense element’, ‘image-meaning unit, compositional sound idiom’, ‘leitmotif of affect’, ‘intonation pattern’, ‘intonation-symbol’. Apart from concentrating on the symbolic aspect of musical figures, the research of the 21st cen-tury sometimes substitutes the Baroque conceptual construct of theoretical treatise of the 17th – the first half of the 18th centuries for the ‘contemporary’ ones, which started in the 20th century within the context of J.S. Bach studies (research of A. Schweizer, B.L. Javorsky, M.S. Druskin, J.S. Druskin and other). For some contemporary scholars it was not the theoretical texts of the Baroque period that served as sources of information on musical and rhetoric figures. Instead, A. Schweizer’s works were such a source. However, A. Schweizer knew nothing of the lists of musical and rhetoric figures in the treatise of J.S. Bach’s contemporaries and predecessors. In many cases searches for the newly invented ‘symbolism of the rhetoric figures’, ‘intonation formulas’ and ‘motive-symbols’ become the favorite hermeneutic method involving a scarce number of figures by the Baroque theorists (anabasis, cataba-sis, circulatio and other) filtered by the musical analytics according to the criteria of the intonation semantics and potential symbolism. We also observe insufficient awareness of the musical and theoretical aspect, use of the outdated notions (on the set of all concepts as on a system of musical figures Baroque) and information (on the number of the musical figures given by the theorists). The author draws the conclusion that the ‘broad fame’ of the musical and rhetoric figures is so well-known that it sometimes has little to do with the authentic phenomenon of the musica poetica Baroque. At the current stage of development of the Rus-sian musicology the author sees it necessary to consolidate the approaches to understanding of the musical heritage of this epoch from the point of view of the historical analytics.
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Paškevičiūtė, Laura, Asta Marija Inkėnienė und Kristina Ramanauskienė. „KAPSULIŲ SU DIKLOFENAKO NATRIO DRUSKA MODELIAVIMAS IR KOKYBĖS VERTINIMAS“. Health Sciences 29, Nr. 6 (17.12.2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2019.100.
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Diklofenako natrio druska yra nesteroidinis vaistas nuo uždegimo, sunkiai tirpstantis vandenyje. Aktualu pagaminti negreito tirpimo kapsules su diklofenako natrio druska, padedančias išvengti dirginančio poveikio virškinamojo trakto gleivinei ir užtikrinti diklofenako druskos tirpumą virškinamojo kanalo skysčiuose. Mūsų tyrimams pasirinkta farmacinė forma kapsulės yra viena iš plačiausiai vartojamų geriamųjų farmacinių formų. Gaminant kietąją farmacinę formą, svarbu parinkti tinkamas pagalbines medžiagas, kurios užtikrintų tinkamą vaistinės medžiagos tirpimo kinetiką. Kapsuliuojamojo mišinio užpildui naudotas mikrokristalinės celiuliozės ir silicio dioksido mišinys (Prosolv SMCCTM 50), D-manitolis ir D-(+)-gliukozė. Natrio karboksimetilceliuliozė kapsuliuojamojo mišinio gamyboje naudota kaip vaistinės medžiagos atpalaidavimą ilginanti medžiaga. Suirimo ir tirpimo testai atlikti naudojantis Europos farmakopėjoje (Ph. Eur.) pateiktomis tyrimo metodikomis. Diklofenako natrio druskos kiekis nustatytas spektrofotometriniu metodu. Pagamintos devynių sudėčių kapsulės, turinčios skirtingą natrio karboksimetilceliuliozės kiekį (0-35%), siekiant pailginti veikliosios medžiagos atpalaidavimo laiką. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad natrio karboksimetilceliuliozė yra tinkama pagalbinė medžiaga, siekiant pailginti kapsulės veikliosios medžiagos atpalaidavimo laiką. Diklofenako natrio druskos atpalaidavimo ir kapsulių suirimo laikas priklauso nuo natrio karboksimetilceliuliozės kiekio kapsulėje.
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Lupishko, Marina. „Music and Rhetoric in the USSR: The Principle ofConfutatioin Bach’s Music and in the Philosophical System of Yakov Druskin (1902-1980)“. Musurgia XXII, Nr. 2 (2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/musur.152.0005.
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Kosior-Kazberuk, Marta, und Valeriy Ezerskiy. „METHOD OF PREDICTION OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY COEFFICIENT OF WALL MATERIALS CONTAINING SALTS / SIENŲ DRUSKINGŲ MEDŽIAGŲ ŠILUMOS LAIDUMO KOEFICIENTO PROGNOZĖS METODAS“. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 17, Nr. 1 (13.04.2011): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2011.554019.
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The salt presence in porous structure of wall materials causes changes in thermal conductivity. The real value of material thermal conductivity in service conditions is necessary for engineering applications. The method of prediction of the thermal conductivity coefficient for wall materials containing salt using corrective factor is presented in the paper. By means of corrective coefficients, for well-known content of moisture and salt in wall material, it is possible to calculate thermal conductivity coefficient with regard to the presence of specific salt or mix of salts in material. The corrective coefficient values were determined for different groups of salts. The partition of salts into groups was made by means of cluster analysis, in dependence on their influence on material thermal conductivity. Clustering, in data mining, is a useful tool for discovering groups and identifying interesting distributions in the underlying data. Santrauka Druskos poringųjų medžiagų sienų struktūroje sukelia jų šilumos laidumo kitimą. Tikroji eksploatacinė medžiagų šilumos laidumo koeficiento vertė būtina atliekant inžinerinius tyrimus. Straipsnyje pristatomas sienų, kurių medžiagos turi druskų, šilumos laidumo koeficiento prognozės metodas naudojant pataisos daugiklį. Naudojant pataisos koeficientus, esant tiksliai žinomam drėgmės ir druskų kiekiui sienos medžiagoje, galima apskaičiuoti šilumos laidumo koeficientą, atsižvelgus į tam tikrų druskų ar jų mišinių buvimą medžiagoje. Buvo nustatytos įvairių druskų grupių pataisos koeficientų vertės. Druskos buvo paskirstytos grupėmis pagal klasterinę analizę, priklausomai nuo jų įtakos medžiagos šilumos laidumui. Klasterių metodas yra naudinga priemonė duomenims apdoroti—grupėms atskleisti ir įdomiems duomenų pasiskirstymams rasti.
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Savchenko, Ganna. „Orchestral composition multifigure as a principle of time and space organization of Ihor F. Stravinsky’s orchestral works (from early ballets to Symphony in C and Symphony in three movements)“. Aspects of Historical Musicology 16, Nr. 16 (15.09.2019): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-16.14.
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Introduction. The early and the top works of the Russian period showed rapid evolution of Ihor F. Stravinsky’s musical thinking and style: there evolved the original musical language, the technique of composition, with the orchestral composition principles being changed. The ballets demonstrated a new sense of time and space, which is shaped by the complex of expressiveness means, with orchestrating being essential. The composer’s style evolution took place within a complex historical and cultural context, marked by a change in the cultural paradigm in the early twentieth century. The scientific and technological progress resulted into transformation of time and space perception in European cultural consciousness, with the music being not conceived as a form of art beyond their limits. (Herasimova-Persydska, 2012a). The means of space-temporal relations objectification is a system of interrelated parameters of a musical composition, covering form, theme, meter and rhythm, composition, music dramaturgy, orchestration with one of the leading functions. The twentieth century composers, who embodied new ideas about time and space while organizing musical composition, are C. Debussy, the New Vienna School composers and Ihor F. Stravinsky. Theoretical Background. Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of time and space is one of the key problems of Ihor F. Stravinsky’s work. The research of space at the micro level of the composer’s musical language is carried out in B. I. Rysin article. (Rysin, 2012: 164–165). I. Vershynina (1967) does not formulate the problem of time directly, but indirectly considers it, using the concept of “dynamic content”, which is inherent in the intonational structure of the composer’s music language. M. Druskin (1982) devotes separate sections to the problem of time and space: “Movement” (Druskin, 1982: 127–137) and “Space” (Druskin, 1982: 137–154). Summarizing, the researcher (1982) states: “… Stravinsky contrasted throughcomposed processual development to the ratio of planes and volumes, a single convergence place to the variety of relatively independent “horizon levels”, a single-center composition to a multi-center one” (149). Accurate observations of the monograph author lead to the aesthetic, artistic and general stylistic level, emerging, if at all, into music texts composition. Taking these ideas as a basis, we consider it appropriate to transfer them onto orchestral thinking and composer’s orchestral style. Let us add our own considerations about the nature of space. The Objective of the article is to consider the features of space-temporal organization of Ihor F. Stravinsky works at the level of orchestration. The objects of research are Symphony in C (1938–1940) and Symphony in Three Movements (1942–1945). The urgency of the work lies in poor research of the orchestral thinking and the composer’s orchestra style regarding the principles of the music composition space-temporal organization. Methods. To achieve the goal, the following research methods are applied: 1) historical one, which allows to comprehend the selected material in the perspective of the evolution of Ihor F. Stravinsky’s orchestral thinking; 2) theoretical one, which reveals the features of the composer’s ensemble style; 3) cultural one, which allows us to formulate an idea on the connection between culture as a type of thinking and composer’s artistic thinking, which is realized in the peculiarities of the space and temporal organization of the music composition. Results and Discussion. In his early ballets, Ihor F. Stravinsky developed various types of orchestral composition based on a key structural idea – the multifigure, which is realized horizontally and vertically within the orchestral composition, at the micro and macro syntactic levels of the music composition. We shall consider the figure in the orchestral composition as a characteristic, formula, distinguished through sound colour and register, which: 1) is repeated accurately (ostinato) or alternative-variationally, and in this case it may not have intonational characteristic, distinctness, bright expressiveness; 2) sounds unique, and may have an individual intonation and rhythmic pattern. The figures can belong to different layers of the orchestral composition, respectively, to act as carriers of different orchestral functions (melody, melodious figuration, pedal, etc.). Multifigure at the macro-syntactic level of a music composition is realized through frequent change of thematic episodes, accompanied by orchestral composition and sound colour altering. This gives rise to eventfulness, density, contrast of symphonious time. Multifigure at the micro-syntactic level is manifested through horizontal combination of figures, conditioned by intonational structure of the theme. A figure may coincide with the intonation if it represents a melody function. Vertically multifigure is manifested in the combination of figures in different layers of composition. They interact on the principle of rhythmic (and melodic) complementarity. This forms a particularly sophisticated space where all the elements interact, having their own unique sound colour, rhythmic, compositional patterns. The multifigure concept is of a double origin. The first source is culture, as a type of thinking. Ihor F. Stravinsky was one of the first composers who, at the level of artistic thinking, became aware of the complex intricacy of the universe and transformed it into orchestral works sound materials. The second source is the aesthetics of the stage (theatrical) space and the stage movements (gesture). Thus, we believe that in Ihor F. Stravinsky’s ballets scores of Russian period, a special orchestra style was developed, with the technique to be used in the symphonies. Conclusions. The analysis of Ihor F. Stravinsky’s Russian ballets and two symphonies scores showed that the orchestral style, invented by the composer in his early works, was based on the multifigure principle, embodying the idea of time and space in the world building, which was radically changed at the beginning of the century. The author formed an idea that the connection between orchestration, composer’s thinking and culture, as a certain type of thinking, needs further elaboration taking other Ihor F. Stravinsky’s works, as well as of the composers who made a breakthrough in orchestral style in the first half of the twentieth century.
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Savchenko, Нanna. „Multifigure Technique in Igor Stravinsky’s Orchestral Composing of the Neoclassical Period (on the example of the ballet “Apollon Musagète”)“. Aspects of Historical Musicology 19, Nr. 19 (07.02.2020): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-19.11.
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Background. The issue of time in Igor Stravinsky’s works attracts the attention of researchers constantly. The time is studied through revealing the meter and rhythm specifics of the works (the concept of irregular-accent rhythm (a term of V. Kholopova). In our opinion, in the study of the temporal and spatial parameter another reversal is possible – in the aspect of orchestration as a means of material and sound objectification of a composer’s conception in time and space. Taking into account the evolution of I. Stravinsky’s composer thinking, this approach allows us to demonstrate those changes that took place in the orchestration of the composer, and to reveal certain constants, universals (S. Savenko) of orchestral thinking and orchestration as a set of technological methods. Analysis of recent research and publications. The theme of time and its specificity in Igor Stravinsky’s works is studied discreetly in the monograph by S. Savenko (2001), which discusses it in connection with the study of meter and rhythm, motif technique, musical form. The notion of space is not a scientific problem in the monograph, but the author discusses it in relation to texture and orchestration. The separate sections of the monograph by M. Druskin (1982) are devoted to the issues of time (Motion) and space (Space). In the first one, the musicologist emphasizes the importance of the visual images and body movements for the composer. The author distinguishes two approaches of I. Stravinsky to the course of time: the first approach evenly regulates it, the second one constantly violates it, because it is full of emotions and psychic states (Druskin, 1982: 135). In the section Space, M. Druskin (1982: 140–141) emphasizes the composer’s intended attitude to the issue of space organization, in which he continues the discovery by Claude Debussy. The essence of innovation lies in the creation of a multicenter composition that involves the coexistence of many points of view (1982: 143–150). O. Sokol (1974) also discusses the above concept of time but in order to substantiate the principle of similarity in the creative method of the composer. A special study on the issue of rhythm and time in I. Stravinsky’s works is the doctoral dissertation by A. Makina (2010). The analysis of the rhythmic and temporal structures and the rhythmic technique of the Symphony of Wind Instruments allows the author to conclude that “Stravinsky’s innovation is to strengthen the structural rhythmic component of the composition as an alternative to tonal development...” (Makina, 2010: 12). Objectives of the researching. In the above works, the orchestration by I. Stravinsky as a system of technological methods of organizing material in time and space does not become a subject of special study. Therefore, the aim of this article is to study the specifics of the spatial and temporal organization of I. Stravinsky’s composition as exemplified by the work of his neoclassical period (the ballet Apollon Musagète) in the aspect of orchestral composing. Discussion and results. In the early works, I. Stravinsky develops the orchestral technique of composing based on the multi-figure principle. It allowed the composer to embody in his artistic system new ideas about time and space according to the worldview, which has changed dramatically in the modern culture. The figure in the orchestral texture means, as we define it, a formula that is delineated with intonational, rhythmic, texture, register, and timbre means, or with a set of means outlined in a plastic-characteristic, visual way. It can be repeated accurately (ostinato) or alternatively. The multifigure technique in horizontal projection is realized at microand macro-syntactic levels. In the organization of time, it generates increased eventfulness, semantic density. In vertical projection, the multifigure technique is manifested in the combination of different figures in a polysyllable texture organized on the principle of complementarity. This enriches the orchestral texture with spaciousness. The preservation of the multifigure technique as a constant of I. Stravinsky’s composer thinking comes from the peculiarities of his style system. The style of the composer, according to many researchers, is based on the dialectical interaction of universal (stable) and variant (mobile) aspects at different levels of stylistic integrity. The orchestration parameter contains new “neoclassical” qualities and stable orchestra composing techniques (the multifigure technique). Let us turn to the ballet Apollon Musagète (1928). The selected composition of the orchestra is expressly “classical”: the string orchestra forms a timbre-soldered organism, devoid of the bright color of woodwind and brass instruments. The result is a monochrome sound, essentially continuous, because it does not change its timbre throughout the ballet. In the works of the neoclassical period, the composer reproduces certain qualities of the model (Savenko, 1977). We assume that purposeful continuous time and homogeneous space are also subject to simulation. A powerful means of modeling continuous time is the “long” melody that the composer designs. Its unfolding in the context of timbre monochromaticism really creates an auditory illusion of a timeless expression that goes on in time. However, a visual analysis of the score testifies to the effect of the multifigure technique, which imparts a process of discreteness. The figures help break the melody line, register contrasts, timbre interception. Vertically, based on the figure composing, counterpoints and duplications (usually inaccurate) are built, which violates the homogeneity of the space and gives it a variable density. Conclusions. The analysis of the scores of the ballet Apollon Musagète has shown the effect of the constant principle of multifigure technique. The multifigure technique undergoes modifications, as it interacts with the techniques that matured in the neoclassical period (“long” melody, monochrome timbre), and it aimed at modeling the “classical” directed continuous time and homogeneous space. As a result, the multifigure technique breaks the continuity of time by giving it discreteness; creates an inhomogeneous space. The author sees the prospects of the study in the analysis of opera scores, in which the multifigure technique comes in the complex interaction with the words.
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Šelih, Jana. „PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE EXPOSED TO FREEZING AND THAWING IN DIFFERENT SALINE ENVIRONMENTS“. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 16, Nr. 2 (30.06.2010): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2010.35.
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Selection of de-icing agent applied to the road surfaces can crucially affect the winter driving conditions as well as the deterioration of materials employed in the road structures in cold climates. In particular, concrete as one of the main construction load bearing materials can be affected. Road managers should therefore base their decisions regarding the selection of de‐icing agent not only on data regarding their defrosting potential but also on data related to deterioration rates of materials built in the road infrastructure system. The paper presents the results of a study where the influence of different types of de‐icing salts upon concrete performance was assessed in laboratory conditions. The theoretical background of freezing and thawing in the presence of de‐icing salts in concrete is summarized. Salt scaling tests were performed using 3 selected de‐icing salts on 3 different types of concrete. The mass scaled off the surface was weighed after every 5 freeze‐thaw cycles. The results obtained show that a CaCl2 solution has the most destructive effect upon concrete performance, regardless of the type of concrete. Deterioration was the least when a MgCl2solution was applied to the concrete surface. Santrauka Keliu paviršiams barstyti naudojamos druskos gali iš esmes pakeisti vairavimo salygas žiema ir paskatinti šalto klimato regionuose keliams naudojamu medžiagu senejima. Šios druskos ypač veikia betona kaip viena pagrindiniu statybinems konstrukcijoms naudojamu medžiagu. Parinkdami barstyti naudojamu medžiagu tipa keliu prižiūretojai turi atkreipti demesi ne tik i atitirpimo pajeguma, bet ir i duomenis, susijusius su keliu infrastruktūros sistemoje naudojamu medžiagu senejimu. Straipsnyje pateikti skirtingu tipu druskomis veikiamu betonu elgsenos eksperimentiniai tyrimai. Apibendrinti užšaldymo ir atšildymo ciklais drusku aplinkoje veikiamo betono elgsenos teoriniai tyrimai. Nagrinetas triju skirtingu drusku tipu poveikis trims skirtingu tipu betonams. Nuo paviršiu atšokusios mases buvo sveriamos kas penkis užšaldymo ir atšildymo ciklus. Gauti rezultatai, parode, kad CaCl2 turi didžiausia ardomaji poveiki betono elgsenai nepriklausomai nuo betono tipo. Senejimas buvo mažiausias naudojant MgCl2.
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Frīdenberga, Anna. „Reduplikācija Georga Manceļa Sprediķu grāmatā (1654)“. Baltu filoloģija 29, Nr. 1 (15.11.2020): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/bf.29.1.02.
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Rakstā aplūkotas dažādas reduplikācijas izpausmes Georga Manceļa Sprediķu grāmatā jeb „Lang-gewünschte Lettische Postill” (1654). Reduplikāciju, kas izpaužas kā saknes, celma vai visa vārda atkārtošana, latviešu valodā izmanto pastiprinājuma izteikšanai. G. Manceļa sprediķiem raksturīga dažādu stilistisko līdzekļu, tai skaitā reduplikācijas, izmantojums. Substantīvu pastiprināšanai G. Mancelis visbiežāk lieto t. s. pastiprinājuma ģenitīvu, sastopami tādi vārdu savienojumi kā drusku=druskās, malu=mali. Sprediķos bieži lietoti arī adverbiālie vārdu savienojumi kārt=kārtim, pār=pārim. Tomēr visbiežāk tiek pastiprināti verbi – gan ar tās pašas saknes substantīvu vai adverbu, gan ar divdabi vai nenoteiksmi. G. Mancelim ļoti raksturīgi reduplikatīvie savienojumi ar adverbiem -in un -tin, piemēram, audzin aug, lūstin lūst, kas bieži sastopami arī tautasdziesmās. Ļoti bieži G. Manceļa sprediķos lietoti vārdu savienojumi, kur verbu pastiprina substantīvs ar -šana, piemēram, lielu krākšanu krāc, lielu tvīkšanu tvīkst. Reduplikācijas plašais izmantojums sprediķos saistāms gan ar latviešu folkloras, gan ar sarunvalodas ietekmi.
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Устинов, Олег Александрович. „THE EVOLUTION OF THE RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL PARADIGM IN SOVIET PHILOSOPHY IN THE 20-40-IES YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS“. Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Философия, Nr. 1(55) (23.04.2021): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtphilos/2021.1.137.
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Статья посвящена анализу эволюции религиозно-философской антропологической парадигмы в советской философии в 1920-1940-е гг. Данная парадигма занимала доминантное положение в отечественной интеллектуальной традиции с XI в. и до начала XX в. Ее последовательное развитие было прервано революцией 1917 г. и приходом к власти коммунистической партии, исповедующей материалистические взгляды. Однако на протяжении всего периода советской истории в «научном подполье» продолжалась работа по изучению актуальных проблем религиозной антропологии, представленная именами А.Ф. Лосева, А.А. Мейера, Г.И. Челпанова, Я.С. Друскина, М.М. Бахтина, К.Э. Циолковского и др. Обосновав взгляд на человека как богосотворенное бессмертное существо, призванное к обожению, философы-нонконформисты продолжили защиту религиозно-философской антропологической парадигмы как адекватной исследовательской модели, обладающей значительным эвристическим потенциалом. В статье реконструируются и анализируются базовые положения данной парадигмы: представления о сотворении человека, соотношении души и тела, свободы воли, смысла и назначения жизни, соотношении личности и общества. Делается вывод о том, что развитие религиозно-философской антропологической мысли в 1920-1940-е гг. определялось, с одной стороны, тенденцией к консервации ее смыслообразующих концептов, а с другой стороны, их творческим развитием с помощью заимствования отдельных идей марксистского учения. Вторая тенденция свидетельствовала о готовности части философов-идеалистов к межпарадигмальному диалогу, который был понят как «великий синтез неба и земли», способный поставить точку в противостоянии идеалистов и материалистов. Но в условиях тоталитарного режима указанная инициатива не имела шансов на успех. The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of the religious and philosophical anthropological paradigm in Soviet philosophy in the 1920-1940s. This paradigm occupied a dominant position in the domestic intellectual tradition from the 11th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Its consistent development was interrupted by the revolution of 1917 and the coming to power of the Communist Party, which professed materialistic views. However, throughout the entire period of Soviet history, work continued in the «scholarly underground» on the study of urgent problems of religious anthropology, which was carried out by A.F. Losev, A.A. Meyer, G.I. Chelpanov, Y.S. Druskin, M.M. Bakhtin, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, and many others. Having substantiated the view of man as a divine immortal being called to deification, nonconformist philosophers continued to defend the religious and philosophical anthropological paradigm as an adequate research model that has serious heuristic potential. The article reconstructs and analyzes the basic provisions of this paradigm: ideas on the origin of man, the correlation of soul and body, free will, the meaning and purpose of life, the relationship between the individual and society. It is concluded that the development of religious and philosophical anthropological thought in the 1920-1940-ies was determined, on the one hand, by the tendency to conserve its semantic concepts, and, on the other hand, by their creative development by borrowing certain ideas from Marxism. The second tendency testified to the readiness of some idealist philosophers for inter-paradigmatic dialogue, which was understood as a «great synthesis of heaven and earth». However, under the conditions of a totalitarian regime, this initiative did not have a chance of success.
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DOĞAN, Emine, Erdinç BOZKURT, Erkan ÇELİK und Gürsoy ALAGÖZ. „Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome and Optic Disc Drusen: Case Report“. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 25, Nr. 2 (2016): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2014-43024.
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Pham, Quang T. M., Sangil Ahn, Su Jeong Song und Jitae Shin. „Automatic Drusen Segmentation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Fundus Images Using Deep Learning“. Electronics 9, Nr. 10 (01.10.2020): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101617.
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Drusen are the main aspect of detecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Ophthalmologists can evaluate the condition of AMD based on drusen in fundus images. However, in the early stage of AMD, the drusen areas are usually small and vague. This leads to challenges in the drusen segmentation task. Moreover, due to the high-resolution fundus images, it is hard to accurately predict the drusen areas with deep learning models. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale deep learning model for drusen segmentation. By exploiting both local and global information, we can improve the performance, especially in the early stages of AMD cases.
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Schlanitz, Ferdinand, Bernhard Baumann, Stefan Sacu, Lukas Baumann, Michael Pircher, Christoph K. Hitzenberger und Ursula Margarethe Schmidt-Erfurth. „Impact of drusen and drusenoid retinal pigment epithelium elevation size and structure on the integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium layer“. British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, Nr. 2 (29.04.2018): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311782.
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PurposeTo evaluate the impact of drusen size and structure on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor layers in eyes with early to intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT).DesignRetrospective investigation of an observational cross-sectional study.ParticipantsPatients with early to intermediate AMD.MethodsTwenty-five eyes of 25 patients with drusen were imaged with polarisation-sensitive OCT using macular volume scans. Each scan was manually graded for six distinct drusen characteristics and the integrity of both the overlying RPE and photoreceptor layer. The central scan of each single druse, as well as its diameter and location, were selected for statistical calculations.ResultsA total number of 5933 individual drusen including their adjacent RPE and photoreceptor layer were evaluated. 41.3% of all drusen demonstrated an intact overlying RPE; in 28.1% the RPE layer was irregular, but continuous. In 30.6%, the RPE layer signal was discontinuous above the area of drusen. The level of RPE alteration was significantly related to shape (p<0.001), internal reflectivity (p<0.001) and homogeneity (p<0.001) of the drusen and their diameter, with a higher probability for larger drusen to have a discontinuous RPE (OR 3.2, p<0.001). The number of drusen showing overlying foci or an altered photoreceptor layer was too small to be conclusive, but showed a trend towards an altered RPE if present.ConclusionsPolarisation-sensitive OCT reveals a correlation between specific drusen characteristics and the integrity of the overlying RPE layer. Drusen diameter and configuration were significantly associated with RPE loss.
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Chen, Qing-Shan, Xia Zhao, Miao-Hong Chen, Yu-Hang Yang und Zhi Li. „Morphological changes of macular soft drusen and drusenoid DPED after subthreshold micropulse laser treatment“. International Eye Research 2, Nr. 2 (28.06.2021): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ier.2021.02.07.
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AIM: To analyze the morphological changes of macular soft drusen and drusenoid pigmental epithelium detachment (DPED) after subthreshold micropulse laser treatment (SMLT). METHODS: Fourteen patients (20 affected eyes) with soft drusen and DPED clinically confirmed from August 2016 to October 2018, were included in this study. 577 nm yellow laser of SMLT was applied for soft drusen and DPED. The changes of soft drusen and DPED in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)(LogMAR)and height, diameter and cross-sessional area according to fundus autofluorescence and SD-OCT examinations were observed after SMLT RESULTS: BCVA was not significant difference after treatment of soft drusen (P=0.260), and the DPED (P=0.736) than that of the baseline. Compared with the baseline values, the height and cross-sessional area of soft drusen were reduced at the 6mo after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.008, P=0.034). Compared with the baseline values, the differences were not statistically significant in height, diameter and cross-sectional area of DPED after treatment. CONCLUSION: BCVA was not reduced for drusen and DPED after SMLT, however, the height and cross-sessional area of soft drusen was reduced compared with those before treatment, and the differences were not statistically significant in height, diameter and cross-sectional area of DPED before and after treatment. The results indicated that SMLT was effective for soft drusen, but was not effective for short-term treatment of DPED. SMLT caused no damage to the visual acuity in treatment of soft drusen and DPED, but prospective, controlled, large sample and long-term follow-up studies should be required.
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Kamao, Hiroyuki, Katsutoshi Goto, Kento Matsuno, Kenichi Mizukawa, Atsushi Miki und Junichi Kiryu. „Clinical Characteristics of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration without Typical Drusen“. Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (27.04.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6683532.
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Purpose. To evaluate the clinical characteristics of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients without typical drusen. Methods. We retrospectively studied 165 eyes in 165 patients with treatment-naïve nAMD, including typical AMD and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). According to the fellow eye condition, the patients were divided into nAMD with and without typical drusen groups. Eyes with soft drusen or subretinal drusenoid deposits were classified into the nAMD with the typical drusen group. Smoking status and diagnoses of hypertension and diabetes were identified from hospital records and patient recall. We assessed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) at the fovea, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and the number of injections received. Results. The nAMD without typical drusen group was significantly younger (77.9 ± 7.6 vs. 71.8 ± 8.3, P < 0.001 ) and had thicker SFCT at baseline (207.9 ± 99.5 vs. 260.1 ± 113.2 μm, P = 0.007 ) and a higher proportion of PCV (30.6 vs. 63.1%, P < 0.001 ). The proportion of ever-smokers was significantly higher in the nAMD without typical drusen group (54.8 vs. 70.9%, P = 0.036 ). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients with hypertension or diabetes; BCVA, CRT, or SFCT changes; or the number of injections between the nAMD with and without typical drusen groups. Conclusion. The clinical features of patients in the nAMD without typical drusen group were almost identical to those of pachychoroid-driven choroidal neovascularization (CNV) patients. The nAMD without typical drusen group had a significantly higher proportion of ever-smokers than the nAMD with typical drusen group. Smoking could be a risk factor for the development of pachychoroid-driven CNV.
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Gartner, S. „Drusen“. Archives of Ophthalmology 103, Nr. 9 (01.09.1985): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1985.01050090035020.
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Ukalovic, Kresimir, Sijia Cao, Sieun Lee, Qiaoyue Tang, Mirza Faisal Beg, Marinko V. Sarunic, Ging-Yuek R. Hsiung et al. „Drusen in the Peripheral Retina of the Alzheimer’s Eye“. Current Alzheimer Research 15, Nr. 8 (11.06.2018): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180123122637.
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Background: Recent work on Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis focuses on neuroimaging modalities; however, these methods are expensive, invasive, and not available to all patients. Ocular imaging of biomarkers, such as drusen in the peripheral retina, could provide an alternative method to diagnose AD. Objective: This study compares macular and peripheral drusen load in control and AD eyes. Methods: Postmortem eye tissues were obtained from donors with a neuropathological diagnosis of AD. Retina from normal donors were processed and categorized into younger (<55 years) and older (>55 years) groups. After fixation and dissection, 3-6 mm punches of RPE/choroid were taken in macular and peripheral (temporal, superior, and inferior) retinal regions. Oil red O positive drusen were counted and grouped into two size categories: small (<63 μm) and intermediate (63-125 μm). Results: There was a significant increase in the total number of macular and peripheral hard drusen in older, compared to younger, normal eyes (p<0.05). Intermediate hard drusen were more commonly found in the temporal region of AD eyes compared to older normal eyes, even after controlling for age (p<0.05). Among the brain and eye tissues from AD donors, there was a significant relationship between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) severity and number of temporal intermediate hard drusen (r=0.78, p<0.05). Conclusion: Imaging temporal drusen in the eye may have benefit for diagnosing and monitoring progression of AD. Our results on CAA severity and temporal intermediate drusen in the AD eye are novel. Future studies are needed to further understand the interactions among CAA and drusen formation.
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Hristova, Elitsa G., und Zornitsa I. Zlatarova. „Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration – A New Approach In Optical Coherence Tomography Monitoring And Quantitative Assessment“. Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 7, Nr. 2 (01.12.2014): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcr-2015-0141.
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Summary The purpose of the study was to present the ability of Drusen analysis software tool to measure drusen area and volume in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Eleven patients with confirmed dry AMD aged 59-74 years were scanned with 3D OCT-2000 Topcon 3D Macula scanning protocol by a single operator. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including best corrected visual acuity, indirect biomicroscopy, tonometry, fluorescein angiography and OCT. Drusen analysis was performed on the macula with 6.0 × 6.0 mm volume cube scans and 512×128 pixels scan resolution. The results were presented along with calculated values in two clearly arranged reports. Mean follow-up period was 19 months (6-40). Count, area occupation, volume of the drusen and 3D retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevation map were presented in a Macula drusen analysis report. Drusen count and volume in 6 patients were increased at the end of follow-up period. There were 5 patients with regression in drusen count and area and volume of the drusen in 3 of them were higher than on previous examination. Another 2 were with regression not only in drusen count but also in their area and volume. With this software tool the status of RPE can be objectively and automatically examined in detail and can be followed up over time. OCT allows for precise quantitative evaluation and study of microstructural changes in patients with dry AMD and provides three-dimensional information of macular pathology in situ and in real time. This could be useful for determining stages and monitoring the progression of AMD.
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Pedersen, Hilde R., Stuart J. Gilson, Alfredo Dubra, Inger Christine Munch, Michael Larsen und Rigmor C. Baraas. „Multimodal imaging of small hard retinal drusen in young healthy adults“. British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, Nr. 1 (19.10.2017): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310719.
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BackgroundSmall hard macular drusen can be observed in the retina of adults as young as 18 years of age. Here, we seek to describe the in vivo topography and geometry of these drusen.MethodsRetinal images were acquired in young, healthy adults using colour fundus photography, spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT), reflectance flood-illuminated adaptive optic ophthalmoscopy (AO flood) and reflectance adaptive optic scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in both confocal and non-confocal split-detection modalities. Small bright yellow hard drusen within a 10 degree radius from the foveal centre were characterised.ResultsSmall hard drusen were seen on colour photographs in 21 out of 97 participants and 26 drusen in 12 eyes in 11 participants were imaged using the full protocol. Drusen were easily identifiable in all modalities, except a few very small ones, which were not visible on SD-OCT. On AOSLO images, these drusen appeared as round, oval or lobular areas (up to three lobules) of diameter 22–61 µm where cone photoreceptor reflectivity and density was decreased (p=0.049). This was usually associated with discrete thickening of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex.ConclusionHigh lateral resolution imaging of small lobular hard retinal drusen suggests formation through the confluence of two or more smaller round lesions. The outline and size of these smaller lesions corresponds to 1–4 RPE cells. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to determine the ultimate fate of small hard drusen and their potential relation to age-related macular degeneration.
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Tufan, Hasan Ali, Baran Gencer, Barış Kömür, Selçuk Kara, Betül Kızıldağ und Fatma Uysal. „Binazal Hemianopsi Prezentasyonlu Optik Disk Druzeni“. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi 43, Nr. 5 (05.10.2013): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tjo.80948.
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Beck, Marco, Devika S. Joshi, Lieselotte Berger, Gerd Klose, Sandro De Zanet, Agata Mosinska, Stefanos Apostolopoulos et al. „Comparison of Drusen Volume Assessed by Two Different OCT Devices“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, Nr. 8 (17.08.2020): 2657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082657.
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To compare drusen volume between Heidelberg Spectral Domain (SD-) and Zeiss Swept-Source (SS) PlexElite Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) determined by manual and automated segmentation methods. Thirty-two eyes of 24 patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and drusen maculopathy were included. In the central 1 and 3 mm ETDRS circle drusen volumes were calculated and compared. Drusen segmentation was performed using automated manufacturer algorithms of the two OCT devices. Then, the automated segmentation was manually corrected and compared and finally analyzed using customized software. Though on SD-OCT, there was a significant difference of mean drusen volume prior to and after manual correction (mean difference: 0.0188 ± 0.0269 mm3, p < 0.001, corr. p < 0.001, correlation of r = 0.90), there was no difference found on SS-OCT (mean difference: 0.0001 ± 0.0003 mm3, p = 0.262, corr. p = 0.524, r = 1.0). Heidelberg-acquired mean drusen volume after manual correction was significantly different from Zeiss-acquired drusen volume after manual correction (mean difference: 0.1231 ± 0.0371 mm3, p < 0.001, corr. p < 0.001, r = 0.68). Using customized software, the difference of measurements between both devices decreased and correlation among the measurements improved (mean difference: 0.0547 ± 0.0744 mm3, p = 0.02, corr. p = 0.08, r = 0.937). Heidelberg SD-OCT, the Zeiss PlexElite SS-OCT, and customized software all measured significantly different drusen volumes. Therefore, devices/algorithms may not be interchangeable. Third-party customized software helps to minimize differences, which may allow a pooling of data of different devices, e.g., in multicenter trials.
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White, Robert J., Daniel J. Watson, Dara D. Koozekanani und Sandra R. Montezuma. „Association of Optic Nerve Head Drusen with Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy: A Case Series“. Case Reports in Ophthalmology 9, Nr. 1 (26.01.2018): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485963.
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Purpose: To report the association of optic nerve head (ONH) drusen with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD). Methods: Chart review. Patients: Five patients from 3 families. Results: Multimodal imaging and ophthalmic examination demonstrated findings consistent with ONH drusen, in association with BVMD, in 5 patients. Conclusion: We report the association of BVMD with ONH drusen in 5 patients. This combination has previously been reported only once. We recommend that patients with a diagnosis of BVMD undergo autofluorescence and ultrasound imaging of the optic nerve to help facilitate this diagnosis, as some ONH drusen can be buried.
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Petkuvienė, Jolita, und Dainius Paliulis. „EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF ROAD MAINTENANCE SALTS AND MOLASSES ("SAFECOTE") CORROSIVE IMPACT ON METALS/KELIŲ PRIEŽIŪRAI NAUDOJAMŲ DRUSKŲ IR MELASOS („SAFECOTE“) POVEIKIO METALŲ KOROZIJAI EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI/ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОРРОЗИОННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА МЕТАЛЛЫ СОЛЕЙ И МЕЛАССЫ (“SAFECOTE”), ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ ДЛЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ДОРОГ“. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 17, Nr. 4 (31.12.2009): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2009.17.236-243.
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The purpose of this investigation is to assess the corrosive impact of de‐icing salts and product “Safecote” on metals by performing immersion and spraying experiments. Metallic elements such as metallic bridges, road signs, and cars, situated near the road, are exposed to salts used for road maintenance in winter seasons. The salts, used to de‐ice the road surface, can cause metal corrosion. NaCl, CaCl2, also mixture of NaCl and CaCl2are most commonly used salts in Lithuania. Ions of chloride are the main agents which increase corrosion rate and the metal mass loss. This harmful effect could be mitigated by replacing the salts with organic de‐icers, for instance, product “Safecote” based on molasses, which is a by‐product of sugar production. The research of mass loss of metals and metal alloys was carried out with the help of two methods ‐ immersion and spraying. In the first case tested metals were dipped into the solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, NaCl:CaCl2 and NaCl:Safecote, in the other ‐ metals were sprayed with solutions of above mentioned metals. Results of the experimental research showed that CaCl2 has the highest effect on metal corrosion. This solution caused mass loss of galvanized steel 301.71±4.2 mg, and carbon steel ‐ 52.27±1.7mg by immersion method. What is more, aluminium 1.37±0.13 mg, galvanized steel 51.79±0.9mg, stainless steel 2.11±0.2 mg, and carbon steel 266.58±2.5 mg lost their mass by spraying method. The results of the experiment showed that salts, used for road maintenance in winter seasons, should be mixed with “Safecote”, which mitigates corrosion of metals and minimizes their mass loss. Santrauka Tyrimų tikslas – taikant įmerkimo ir purškimo metodus įvertinti kelių priežiūrai žiemą naudojamų druskų ir melasos įtaką metalų korozijai. Metalinius tiltus, kelio ženklus, kitus metalinius kelio elementus bei mašinas žiemą veikia kelio priežiūrai (slydimui sumažinti) naudojamos druskos, vyksta korozija. NaCl, CaCl2 bei NaCl ir CaCl2 mišinys – dažniausiai Lietuvoje naudojamos druskos. Chloridai yra pagrindiniai koroziją sukeliantys ir metalų masę mažinantys jonai. Šis negatyvus chloridų poveikis gali būti sumažintas pakeitus kelių priežiūrai naudojamas druskas organinėmis cheminėmis medžiagomis ledui tirpinti, pvz., „Safecote“. Tai antrinis žemės ūkio produktas, gaunamas iš cukraus pramonės atliekų, dar vadinamas melasa. Metalų ir jų lydinių masės mažėjimo tyrimas buvo atliekamas dviem būdais – įmerkimo ir purškimo. Pirmuoju atveju tiriamieji metalai įmerkiami į NaCl, CaCl2 , NaCl:CaCl2 ir NaCl: „Safecote“ tirpalus, o antruoju atveju – metalai šiais tirpalais purškiami. Pagal eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatus įrodyta, kad CaCl2 tirpalas sukėlė didžiausią metalų koroziją, t. y. cinkuotoji skarda neteko 301,71±4,2 mg, anglinis plienas – 52,27±1,7 mg masės taikant įmerkimo metodą, o purškimo atveju aliuminis neteko 1,37±0,13 mg, cinkuotoji skarda – 51,79±0,9 mg, nerūdijantis plienas – 2,11±0,2 mg, o anglinis plienas – 266,58±2,5 mg masės. Remiantis atliktų eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatais siūloma su kelių priežiūrai naudojamomis druskomis naudoti „Safecote“ tirpalą, kuris sumažina metalų koroziją. Pезюме Целью исследования была оценка коррозионного воздействия солей и продукта “Safecote”, применяемых для содержания дорог в зимний период, на металлы. Металлические мосты, дорожные знаки и другие металлические элементы, а также автомобили подвергаются воздействию солей, используемых для уменьшения скользкости дорог в зимний сезон. Чаще всего в Литве используются соли NaCl, CaCl2 , а также смесь NaCl и CaCl2 . Ионы хлорида являются основными агентами, способствующими коррозии металла и потерям их массы. Это вредное воздействие хлоридов может быть уменьшено путем замены солей, используемых для содержания дорог, органическими веществами для удаления льда, например, продуктом “Safecote” на основе мелассы, которая является побочным продуктом производства сахара. Исследование потери массы металлов и их сплавов осуществлялось двумя методами – методом погружения и распыления. В первом случае исследуемые металлы погружались в растворы NaCl, CaCl2 , NaCl: CaCl2 и NaCl:Safecote, а во втором – металлы подвергались распылению этими растворами. Результаты эксперимента показали, что раствор CaCl2 оказывает наибольший эффект на коррозию металлов. В случае применения метода погружения потеря массы из оцинкованной стали составила 301,71±4,2 мг, а массы из углеродистой стали – 52,27±1,7 мг. В случае применения метода распыления металлы также лишились массы: алюминий – 1,37±0,13 мг, оцинкованная сталь – 51,79±0,9 мг, нержавеющая сталь – 2,11±0,2 мг и углеродистая сталь – 266,58±2,5 мг. Результаты эксперимента показали, что соль, используемую для содержания дорог в зимний период, следует смешивать с продуктом “Safecote”, который уменьшает коррозию металлов.
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Кабанова, Evgeniya Kabanova, Иойлева, Elena Ioyleva, Котова und Elena Kotova. „POSSIBILITIES OF MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTICS OF OPTIC NERVE DRUSEN (LITERATURE REVIEW)“. Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, Nr. 6 (20.12.2016): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23842.
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With the introduction and development of new diagnostic techniques, the relevance of drusen of the optic nerve di-agnostics is increasing. Existing imaging techniques alone or in their various combinations cannot allow to confirm optic nerve drusen in all clinical cases. The diagnosis of optic nerve drusen causes some difficulties because of absence of clear diagnostic standards and classification. Since the advent of new ophthalmological methods of structural and topographic visual analysis evaluation, such as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, Heidelberg retina tomography, videooculography, B-scan ultrasonography of the orbits and optic nerve, fluorescent angiography of the retina, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits, the diagnostics of optic nerve drusen becomes more informative. In this article we review the main current imaging techniques in the diagnostics of the optic nerve drusen.
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Rodríguez, Anabel, Marc Biarnés, Rosa M. Coco-Martin, Anna Sala-Puigdollers und Jordi Monés. „Early Detection of Incipient Retinal Pigment Epithelium Atrophy Overlying Drusen with Fundus Autofluorescence vs. Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography“. Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (16.09.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9457457.
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Purpose. This study aims to find out which tool, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) or spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), is more sensitive in detecting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) demise overlying drusen and can, therefore, help predict geographic atrophy (GA) appearance in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Methods. A single-site, retrospective, observational, longitudinal study was conducted. Patients with intermediate AMD (iAMD) (large (>125 μm) or intermediate (63–125 μm) drusen with hyper/hypopigmentation) with a minimum follow-up of 18 months were included. Drusen with overlying incipient RPE atrophy were identified on SD-OCT defined as choroidal hypertransmission or nascent geographic atrophy (nGA). These selected drusen were, then, traced backwards in time to determine if incipient RPE atrophy overlying drusen was observed on FAF (well-demarcated region of absence of autofluorescence) before, simultaneously, or after having detected the first signs of incipient RPE atrophy on SD-OCT. The number of drusen in which signs of incipient RPE atrophy was detected earlier using FAF or SD-OCT was compared. The time elapsed from the identification with the more sensitive method to the other was recorded and analyzed. Results. One hundred and thirty-three drusen in 22 eyes of 22 patients were included. Of these, 112 (84.2%) drusen showed choroidal hypertransmission and 21(15.8%) nGA. Early signs of atrophy overlying drusen were found simultaneously on SD-OCT and FAF in 52 cases (39.1%, 95% CI 30.8–47.9%), earliest on FAF in 51 (38.3%, 95% CI 30.0–47.2%) and first on SD-OCT in 30 (22.6%, 95% CI 15.8–30.6%; p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between both techniques (p=0.005), with FAF detecting it earlier than SD-OCT. When RPE atrophy was found first on FAF, the median time to diagnosis with SD-OCT was 6.6 months (95% CI 5.5 to 8.6), while if detection occurred earlier on SD-OCT, the median time until identification with FAF was 12.6 months (95% CI 6.0 to 23.4; p=0.0003). Conclusions. In iAMD cases in which early atrophy overlying drusen is not detected simultaneously in FAF and SD-OCT, FAF was significantly more sensitive. Nevertheless, a multimodal approach is recommended and required to evaluate these patients.
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Parameswarappa, Deepika Chennapura, und Padmaja Kumari Rani. „Utility of pattern recognition and multimodal imaging in the diagnosis and management of doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy complicated with type one choroidal neovascular membrane“. BMJ Case Reports 14, Nr. 2 (Februar 2021): e237635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237635.
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A 44-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in both eyes. The retina in both eyes had drusen distributed along vascular arcades, central macula and in peripapillary region. Macula had pigmented scarring and exudation. Fundus autofluorescence showed drusen. Optical coherence tomography showed drusen, subretinal and intraretinal fluid. Fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography showed drusen, retinal pigment epithelial atrophy and vascular network. Younger age at presentation, bilateral symmetry, typical distribution of drusen along the arcades in a radiating pattern, peripapillary involvement, scarring and atrophy at macula were suggestive of doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy. The reduced vision was due to macular atrophy and an active choroidal neovascular membrane. The patient was treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor injections for choroidal neovascular membrane. Our case highlights the importance of pattern recognition and multimodal imaging for diagnosing the type of macular dystrophy as doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy, while simultaneously managing choroidal neovascular membrane.
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BONSHEK, RE, Y. D'SOUZA und C. JONES. „Glycoproteins of drusen and drusen-like lesions“. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 85 (02.10.2007): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01062_3305.x.
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D’souza, Yvonne, Carolyn J. P. Jones und Richard Bonshek. „Glycoproteins of drusen and drusen-like lesions“. Journal of Molecular Histology 39, Nr. 1 (11.09.2007): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10735-007-9130-5.
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Giuffrè, G. „Optic Disc Drusen in Tilted Disc“. European Journal of Ophthalmology 15, Nr. 5 (September 2005): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210501500518.
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Purpose To investigate if a congenital anomaly of the head of the optic nerve like such as tilted disc can be a risk factor for the development of optic disc drusen. Methods The study was performed retrospectively on the files of 47 patients with optic disc drusen. The diagnosis was confirmed by fluorescein angiography and B-scan ultrasonography. The authors examined the fundus photographs and the fluorescein angiographies of these patients looking for the presence of tilted discs. Results Two of the 47 patients with optic nerve drusen had tilted discs as well, about twice the expected rate. Both cases presented a parapapillary hemorrhage. Conclusions The concomitant presence of tilted disc and optic disc drusen can have a cause-effect relationship. The axonal crowding in a scleral canal of reduced size, as seen in tilted disc, can compress the nerve fibers against the stiff lamina cribrosa, producing a chronic optic neuropathy leading to drusen.
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Sato, Atsuko, Nami Senda, Emi Fukui und Kouichi Ohta. „Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation in an Eye with Cuticular Drusen“. Case Reports in Ophthalmology 6, Nr. 1 (01.04.2015): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381616.
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Purpose: To report the presence of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in an eye with cuticular drusen detected by fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Case report of a 65-year-old Japanese woman with cuticular drusen. Results: At her first ophthalmic examination, her visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. An ophthalmoscopy showed many small subretinal pigment epithelial deposits in both eyes. These deposits had a ‘saw-tooth pattern' in the SD-OCT images. During the follow-up examination, retinal hemorrhages were observed, and fluorescein angiography showed a ‘stars-in-the-sky' appearance and intraretinal neovascularization. The patient was diagnosed with cuticular drusen associated with RAP. Conclusion: We suggest that the cuticular drusen were associated with RAP, so periodic follow-up examinations are needed for patients with cuticular drusen for the early detection and treatment of RAP.
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Kim, Sukjin, Jeongjae Oh und Kiseok Kim. „Morphologic Changes in Patient with Drusen and Drusenoid Pigment Epithelial Detachment after Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Choroidal Neovascular Membrane : A Case Report“. Open Ophthalmology Journal 10, Nr. 1 (04.02.2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874364101610010001.
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The authors present a case of morphologic changes of drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPED) after treating choroidal neovascularization (CNV) using ranibizumab in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A 71-year-old woman has noticed mild visual acuity deterioration in the right eye for several months. She was presented with some drusen and DPED associated with CNV. This patient was given intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg of ranibizumab five times at monthly intervals for treating CNV. DPED in the temporal and drusen in the superior to macula were diminished, which continued up to 2 months. Intravitreal ranibizumab injection may have influenced with diminishment of drusen and DPED. After 2 months, CNV was recurred.
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Landa, G., A. Springer, A. Bukelman und A. Pollack. „The Diagnostic Contribution of Indocyanine Green to Fluorescein Angiography in Fellow Drusen Eyes of Patients with Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration“. European Journal of Ophthalmology 17, Nr. 4 (Juli 2007): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210701700421.
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Purpose To assess the contribution of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) to fluorescein angiography (FA) in evaluating fellow drusen eyes of patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the other eye. Methods The records of paired FA and ICGA of patients with dry AMD in one eye and wet AMD in the other eye were retrospectively reviewed. Based on color fundus photographs, drusen were graded to low, moderate, or high grade of severity on FA. The FA and ICGA findings were compared. Results Fifty-two pairs of eyes were included. Fluorescein angiography showed drusen of low severity in 11 (21.2%) eyes, of moderate severity in 31 (59.6%), and of high severity in 10 (19.2%). Leakage on both FA and ICGA was not demonstrated in any case of drusen of low or moderate severity. Only in 2 out of 10 eyes from the high severity group, 3.8% of the eyes of the whole study population, did ICGA reveal occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) that was not observed on FA. Conclusions In selected eyes with drusen of high grade severity, ICGA may detect occult CNV, unrecognized clinically or by FA. ICGA had a small contribution to the diagnosis of occult CNV in fellow drusen eyes with any degree of severity.
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Trenkic-Bozinovic, Marija, Predrag Jovanovic, Gordana Zlatanovic, Dragan Veselinovic, Aleksandra Aracki-Trenkic und Milan Trenkic. „Retinal hemorrhages as one of complications of optic disc drusen during pregnancy“. Medical review 67, Nr. 5-6 (2014): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1406185t.
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Introduction. Drusen of the optic nerve head are relatively benign and asymptomatic. They represent retinal hyaline corpuscles resulting from impaired axoplasmic transport of the retinal ganglion cells of optic nerve in front of the lamina cribrosa. They are usually detected accidentally, during a routine ophthalmologic examination. Most patients with optic disc drusen are not aware of the deterioration of their eyesight because of the slow progression of visual field defects. Damage in visual acuity due to optic disc drusen is rare. Case Report. A 27-year-old female patient in the sixth month of pregnancy visited an ophthalmologist because of a visual impairment described as the appearance of mist and shadows over her right eye. When first examined, her visual acuity in both eyes was 20/20. The retinal hemorrhages framing the bottom half of the optic nerve were seen. Complete laboratory and clinical testing as well as specific ophthalmic examinations (photofundus, computerized visual field, optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound) were performed to exclude systemic causes and they presented no risk for the pregnancy. Echosonographic examination confirmed the presence of bilateral optic nerve head drusen. Conclusion. Hemodynamic changes during pregnancy are possible factors for the development of optical disc and retinal hemorrhages. Since treatment of optic disc drusen is limited, recognition of optic nerve drusen as a cause of hemorrhage during pregnancy prevents unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Notomi, Shoji, Satomi Shiose, Keijiro Ishikawa, Yosuke Fukuda, Kumiko Kano, Kenichiro Mori, Iori Wada et al. „Drusen and pigment abnormality predict the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 7 (27.07.2021): e0255213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255213.
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Drusen are known to be the important hallmark to predict the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The prevalence of drusen is lower in Asians compared with Caucasians so that the role of signs constituting early AMD is not well established in Asian populations as in Western countries. In this study, we retrospectively investigated clinical characteristics and 5-year incidence of neovascular AMD (nAMD) in the fellow eye of unilateral nAMD patients. Of 296 consecutive unilateral nAMD patients who had been followed up more than 5 years, 170 typical AMD, 119 polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and 7 retinal angiomatous proliferation were included. To examine factors associated with nAMD occurrence in the fellow eye, drusen and pigmentary abnormality in the fellow eye were classified into 4 categories; Category 1: no or small drusen < 63 μm (37.2%), Category 2: 63–125 μm medium drusen or pigmentary abnormality (22.2%), Category 3: large drusen > 125 μm (25.0%), Category P: pachydrusen (15.5%). The mean sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was Category 1: 276 μm, Category 2: 308 μm, Category 3: 246 μm, and Category P: 302 μm, respectively. Of note, SFCT in Category 2 and Category P was significantly larger than those of Category 3. Finally, the 5-year incidence of nAMD in the fellow eye was 32/296 (10.8%); Category 1: 0/110 (0%), Category 2: 12/66 (18.2%), Category 3: 20/74 (27.0%), and Category P: 0/46 (0%). Thus, signs of intermediate AMD (large drusen) as well as those of early AMD, especially the pigmentary abnormality, may contribute to development of bilateral nAMD in Japanese patients.
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Slotnick, Samantha, und Jerome Sherman. „Disc Drusen“. Ophthalmology 119, Nr. 3 (März 2012): 652–652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.11.026.
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Balaratnasingam, Chandrakumar, Svetlana Cherepanoff, Rosa Dolz-Marco, Murray Killingsworth, Fred K. Chen, Randev Mendis, Sarah Mrejen et al. „Cuticular Drusen“. Ophthalmology 125, Nr. 1 (Januar 2018): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.08.033.
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Querques, Giuseppe, und Eric H. Souied. „Vascularized Drusen“. Retina 35, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2015): 2433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000000761.
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Suzuki, Mihoko, Christine A. Curcio, Robert F. Mullins und Richard F. Spaide. „REFRACTILE DRUSEN“. Retina 35, Nr. 5 (Mai 2015): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000000503.
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Tso, M. O. M., und G. A. Fishman. „Drusen-Reply“. Archives of Ophthalmology 103, Nr. 9 (01.09.1985): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1985.01050090035021.
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Ayhan, Ziya, Aylin Yaman, Meltem Söylev Bajin und A. Osman Saatci. „Unilateral Acute Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in a Patient with an Already Established Diagnosis of Bilateral Optic Disc Drusen“. Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/730606.
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Optic disc drusen (ODD) are calcific deposits that form in the optic nerve head secondary to abnormalities in axonal metabolism and degeneration. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery, and vein occlusion are among the rare vascular complications of disc drusen. We reported the clinical course of a 51-year-old patient with a unilateral acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) who received the diagnosis of bilateral optic disc drusen five years earlier and thereby reiterated the association of ODD and acute NAION.
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Савина, Yuliya Savina, Юрьева, Tatyana Yureva, Щуко, Andrey Shchuko, Самсонов und Dmitriy Samsonov. „INFLUENCE OF OPTIC NERVE DRUSEN ON VISUAL FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION“. Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, Nr. 6 (20.12.2016): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23797.
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The article presents data examination of children and male adolescents, aged 8 to 17years without eye pathologies, with primary hypertension diagnosis – established at the clinic of Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Re-production Problems. Examination results were: 42patients (84eyes) had primary hypertension with optic disc drusen, 8patients (16eyes) had primary hypertension without optic disc drusen.Characteristics of basic functional changes of patients ophthalmic status with and without optic disc drusen on the basis of data of visometry refractometry, keratometry, computer perimetry, ultrasonic ehobiometry. Doppler angio-graphic examination of ocular vessels, electroretinography (ERG) according to registration standards proposed by the International Society of Clinical electrophysiology of (ISCEV), visual-evoked potentials (VEP), biomicroscopy of the eye, fundus photo registration.To verify and differentiate the prominence of the optic disc drusen in cases of the prominence of stagnant disc with characteristic extension of perineural space, all patients underwent an ultrasound scan procedure of the eyeball. The study obtained data on early pre-clinical manifestations of hypertensive angiohorioretinopaty.The risk factors for the formation of drusen of the optic nerve were identified. We determined that the presence of drusen does not lead to the aggravation of the changes of the visual system, formed under the influence of high blood pressure, affecting only the indicators characterizing ischemic processes in the retina and the optic nerve, which is due to the influence of compression of drusen on glial tissue and the vascular wall.
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Kim, Young Jae, und Kwang Gi Kim. „Automated Segmentation Methods of Drusen to Diagnose Age-Related Macular Degeneration Screening in Retinal Images“. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6084798.
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Existing drusen measurement is difficult to use in clinic because it requires a lot of time and effort for visual inspection. In order to resolve this problem, we propose an automatic drusen detection method to help clinical diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration. First, we changed the fundus image to a green channel and extracted the ROI of the macular area based on the optic disk. Next, we detected the candidate group using the difference image of the median filter within the ROI. We also segmented vessels and removed them from the image. Finally, we detected the drusen through Renyi’s entropy threshold algorithm. We performed comparisons and statistical analysis between the manual detection results and automatic detection results for 30 cases in order to verify validity. As a result, the average sensitivity was 93.37% (80.95%~100%) and the average DSC was 0.73 (0.3~0.98). In addition, the value of the ICC was 0.984 (CI: 0.967~0.993, p<0.01), showing the high reliability of the proposed automatic method. We expect that the automatic drusen detection helps clinicians to improve the diagnostic performance in the detection of drusen on fundus image.
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Ofverstrom, Svetlana, Regimantas Dauknys und Ieva Sapkaitė. „THE EFFECT OF IRON SALT ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND PHOSPHATE RELEASE TO SLUDGE LIQUOR / GELEŽIES DRUSKOS ĮTAKA ANAEROBINIO DUMBLO PŪDYMO PROCESUI IR FOSFATŲ IŠSISKYRIMUI Į DUMBLO VANDENĮ“. Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, Nr. 5 (19.12.2011): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.097.
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Iron salts are used at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for several reasons: for removing chemical phosphorus, preventing from struvite formation and reducing the content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas. Anaerobic digestion is a common scheme for sludge treatment due to producing biogas that could be used as biofuel. Laboratory analysis has been carried out using anaerobic digestion model W8 (Armfield Ltd, UK) to investigate any possible effect of adding FeCl3 on the anaerobic digestion of primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS) mixture as well as on releasing phosphates to digested sludge liquor. The obtained results showed that FeCl3 negatively impacted the anaerobic digestion process by reducing the volume of produced biogas. Fe-dosed sludge (max) produced 30% less biogas. Biogas production from un-dosed and Fe-dosed sludge (min) was similar to the average of 1.20 L/gVSfed. Biogas composition was not measured during the conducted experiments. Phosphorus content in sludge liquor increased at an average of 38% when digesting sludge without ferric chloride dosing. On the contrary, phosphate content in sludge liquor from digested Fe-dosed sludge decreased by approx. 80%. Santrauka Nuotekų valymo įrenginiuose geležies druskos naudojamos cheminiam fosforui šalinti, sieros vandeniliui biodujose mažinti ir struvito nuogulų formavimosi prevencijai. Tyrimai atlikti laboratorinėmis sąlygomis naudojant anaerobinio pūdymo modelį W8 (Armfield Ltd., Didžioji Britanija) ir pūdant pirminio perteklinio dumblo mišinį, į kurį buvo dedama geležies druskos, siekiant nustatyti geležies druskos naudojimo efektą anarobinio pūdymo procesui ir fosfatų išsiskyrimui į dumblo vandenį. Rezultatai parodė, kad pūdant dumblą be geležies druskos ir dedant geležies druskos minimalią dozę, susidarė vidutiniškai vienodi kiekiai biodujų (mL/gBSMtiekiam.), bet į pūdomą dumblą dedant maksimalią geležies dozę, biodujų išeiga vidutiniškai sumažėjo 30 %. Į pūdomą dumblą nededant geležies chlorido, fosfatų koncentracija dumblo vandenyje vidutiniškai padidėjo 38 %. Ir priešingai, geležies chlorido dozės fosfatų koncentraciją pūdyto dumblo vandenyje sumažino 80 %.
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Pilipaitytė, Loreta, und Rytis Rimdeika. „Minkštųjų audinių kalcinozės komplikacija – trofinės opos“. Lietuvos chirurgija 6, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2008.1.2166.
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Loreta Pilipaitytė, Rytis RimdeikaKauno medicinos universiteto klinikų Plastinės ir rekonstrukcinėschirurgijos klinika, Eivenių g. 2, LT-50009 KaunasEl paštas: loreta.pilipaityte@gmail.com Apie 1% Žemės gyventojų yra atsivėrusios įvairios kilmės opos. Vaskulito nulemtos opos gali atsirasti pacientams, sergantiems įvairiomis jungiamojo audinio ligomis, tokiomis kaip reumatoidinis artritas, sklerodermija ir kitos. Stipriai ligos pažeistuose minkštuosiuose audiniuose gali pradėti kauptis kalcio druskos. Literatūroje ši patologija vadinama distrofine kalcinoze. Patogenezinis mechanizmas nėra iki galo aiškus. Tačiau neabejotina, jog kalcio druskų sankaupos gali sukelti odos išopėjimus, komplikuotis lokaliu uždegimu ir infekcija. Pagrindinės opų atsivėrimo priežastys – vaskulitas ir poodžio kalcifikatai. Gydymas kompleksinis ir sudėtingas. Aprašome klinikinį atvejį, kai pacientei, sergančiai reumatoidiniu artritu, atsivėrė opos kojose. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: minkštųjų audinių kalcinozė, reumatoidinis artritas, lėtinės opos Calcinosis of the soft tissues complicated by trophic ulcers Loreta Pilipaitytė, Rytis RimdeikaKaunas Medical University Hospital, Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,Eivenių str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, LithuaniaE-mail: loreta.pilipaityte@gmail.com Leg ulcers of different etiology disable about 1% of the Earth’s population. Vasculitic wounds may be associated with a variety of connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, sclerodermia, etc. Generalized tissue damage can lead to deposition of insoluble compounds of calcium in subcutaneous tissues in cases of connective tissue diseases. Regardless of the etiology, the mechanism of dystrophic calcifications is not well understood. But it is clear that calcinotic accumulations may lead to skin ulceration complicated with local inflammation and infection. Their management is complex and complicated. We present case study of deposition of calcium salts in soft tissues complicated by large leg ulcers in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Keywords: soft tissue calcinosis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic ulcers
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De Bats, Flore, Benjamin Wolff, Martine Mauget-Faÿsse, Isabelle Meunier, Philippe Denis und Laurent Kodjikian. „Association of Reticular Pseudodrusen and Early Onset Drusen“. ISRN Ophthalmology 2013 (16.05.2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/273085.
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Purpose. To report an association between reticular pseudodrusen, located above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and Early Onset Drusen (EOD) as described using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Eight patients (16 eyes) with EOD were examined. EOD were classified into three entities called Large Colloid Drusen (LCD), Malattia Leventinese (ML), and Cuticular Drusen (CD). Best-corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, color fundus photographs, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and SD-OCT were performed in all study patients. Results. Four patients had LCD, 2 had ML, and 2 had CD. Reticular pseudodrusen were observed with SD-OCT in all study patients; all these patients had hyperreflective lesions above and below the RPE. Conclusion. Early Onset Drusen appear to be associated with reticular pseudodrusen. SD-OCT is helpful in distinguishing the location of the deposits that are above and below the RPE in EOD. Further studies are needed to understand the role of reticular pseudodrusen in the pathophysiology of EOD.
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Galloway, Chad A., Sonal Dalvi, Sandy S. C. Hung, Leslie A. MacDonald, Lisa R. Latchney, Raymond C. B. Wong, Robyn H. Guymer et al. „Drusen in patient-derived hiPSC-RPE models of macular dystrophies“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, Nr. 39 (06.09.2017): E8214—E8223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710430114.
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related macular dystrophies (MDs) are a major cause of vision loss. However, the mechanisms underlying their progression remain ill-defined. This is partly due to the lack of disease models recapitulating the human pathology. Furthermore, in vivo studies have yielded limited understanding of the role of specific cell types in the eye vs. systemic influences (e.g., serum) on the disease pathology. Here, we use human induced pluripotent stem cell-retinal pigment epithelium (hiPSC-RPE) derived from patients with three dominant MDs, Sorsby’s fundus dystrophy (SFD), Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy/malattia Leventinese (DHRD), and autosomal dominant radial drusen (ADRD), and demonstrate that dysfunction of RPE cells alone is sufficient for the initiation of sub-RPE lipoproteinaceous deposit (drusen) formation and extracellular matrix (ECM) alteration in these diseases. Consistent with clinical studies, sub-RPE basal deposits were present beneath both control (unaffected) and patient hiPSC-RPE cells. Importantly basal deposits in patient hiPSC-RPE cultures were more abundant and displayed a lipid- and protein-rich “drusen-like” composition. Furthermore, increased accumulation of COL4 was observed in ECM isolated from control vs. patient hiPSC-RPE cultures. Interestingly, RPE-specific up-regulation in the expression of several complement genes was also seen in patient hiPSC-RPE cultures of all three MDs (SFD, DHRD, and ADRD). Finally, although serum exposure was not necessary for drusen formation, COL4 accumulation in ECM, and complement pathway gene alteration, it impacted the composition of drusen-like deposits in patient hiPSC-RPE cultures. Together, the drusen model(s) of MDs described here provide fundamental insights into the unique biology of maculopathies affecting the RPE–ECM interface.
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Cekić, Sonja, Gordana Stanković-Babić, Zlatica Višnjić, Ivan Jovanović und Dijana Risimić. „Optic Disc Abnormalities – Diagnosis, Evolution and Influence on Visual Acuity“. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (20.05.2010): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2711.
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Congenital abnormalities of the optic disc are not so rare. The etiology for the most of them is unknown. Visual acuity of affected eye may be minimally or severely affected, depending on the extent of lesion. All of these conditions can be unilateral or bilateral. Chíldren who have unilateral optic disc abnormalities generally present during the preschool years with sensory esotropia. Visual acuity may be unaffected like in optic disc pit, optic disc drusen, fibre medullares, ect. However, during the evolution they may cause a decrease in visual acuity like serous retinal detachment in optic disc pit, atrophy or subretinal neovascularisation in optic disc drusen. Some of them like fibre medullares needs only a good diagnose and they do not have any evolution. Fluorescein angiography and ultrasonography may be crucial diagnostic procedures to discover some of them, like optic disc drusen. Optic disc abnormalities may be associated with other congenital disorders of the eye and often central nervous system malformations. Secondary they may be associated retinal detachment, retinochisis, macular edema, choroid neovascularisation and lipid exudation. Some of these conditions may be found on routine ophthalmologic exam such as optic disc drusen and fibre medullares and often are diagnostically problem.The aim of our study was to present some of our cases with different optic disc abnormalities such as fibre medullares, optic disc coloboma, hypoplasio disci, optic disc drusen and optic disc pit.