Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Drug physico-chemical compatibility“

Physico-chemical properties are crucial characteristics of hydrocolloids as they decide the applicability of them. Rheology of system, flow behaviour and mechanical properties make hydrocolloids suitable for food industry. Modification of consistency or texture properties of functional polymers also controls their sensory characteristics, thereby they become significant essences such as thickener, gelling agents, foaming agent, texture modifier, viscosifier, emulsifier, stabilizer and binder. Industrial and pharmaceutical applications are also controlled by some suitable physico-chemical properties of hydrocolloids. The polysaccharide gum exudates constitute a architecturally distinct class of complex biomacromolecules having unique physico-chemical properties. Due to their good bio/tissue compatibility, non-toxicity, they are extensively used in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Chemical and molecular architecture of hydrocolloids in turn controls their physico-chemical and functional properties. Sterculia gum is a substituted rhamnogalacturonoglycan (pectic) type exudate gum used as suspending agent, gelling agents, emulsifier, bulk laxative, dental adhesive, drug delivery agent and wound healing agent. It exhibits high water retention capacity, high viscosity and least solubility. Solutions of sterculia gum are viscoelastic and thixotropic. Sterculia gum has been recommended as effective wound dressing material as it can form a intensely adhesive gel when dispersed in minimum ammount of water. Owing to wide applications and distinctive properties of sterculia gum, present work is an endeavor to summarize the molecular organization, chemical configuration and physico-chemical properties of sterculia gum and the factors affecting physico-chemical properties of sterculia gum.

Microspheres are one of the novel drug delivery system which possess several applications and are made up of assorted polymers. Microspheres can be defined as solid, approximately spherical particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 μm range in diameter having a core of drug and entirely outer layers of polymers as coating material. They are made up of polymeric, waxy or other protective materials i.e. biodegradable synthetic polymer and modified natural products such as starches, gums, proteins, fats and waxes. Preformulation is a group of studies that focus on the physicochemical properties of a new drug candidate that could affect the drug performance and the development of a dosage form. This couldprovide important information for formulation design or support the need for molecular modification. Every drug has intrinsic chemical and physical properties which has been consider before development of pharmaceutical formulation. This property provides the framework for drugs combination with pharmaceutical ingredients in the fabrication of dosage form. Objective of preformulation study is to develop the elegant, stable, effective and safe dosage form by establishing kinetic rate profile, compatibility with the other ingredients and establish Physico-chemical parameter of new drug substances. The purpose of the present study was to systematically investigate some of the important physicochemical properties of pralidoxime chloride for preparation of microspheres. The physicochemical properties such as solubility, pKa, dissolution, melting point, assay development, excipient compatibility etc. of pralidoxime chloride was carried out. Before selection of excipients, the Preformulation study of drug pralidoxime is completed for successful formulation of microspheres. The result of Preformulation studies shows good flow properties, excipient compatibility, solubility efficiency and melting point. From this study we concluded that pralidoximewith HPMC and EC can be used to formulate pralidoxime microspheres for modified release. Keywords: Microspheres, Preformulation, Pralidoxime chloride, Physico-chemical parameter.

The intention of the current study was to investigate the Physico-chemical characteristics of Dexibuprofen loaded nanoparticles. Dexibuprofen is an NSAID - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug intended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis related symptoms. In current market trends, the tablets and capsule dosage forms captures major market contribution. A systematic evaluation of physico chemical characteristics of the drug powder, it’s characteristics was performed as a basic step at the start of formulation development of the dosage form. The formulation development approach is decided based on the above data. Dexibuprofen nanoparticles was developed by an Ionotropic pre gelation technique comprising Chitosan, Calcium chloride and Sodium alginate as coating material. The preformulation evaluation of Dexibuprofen and it’s compatibility with selected excipients was performed to design an appropriate strategy for the development of Dexibuprofen modified release nanoparticles. The parameters like melting point, pKa, solubility, dissolution and assay method development, solid state stability, solution stability, flow properties, bulk density, microscopical assessment, entrapment efficiency, excipients compatibility, and nanoparticles release profile were evaluated. The results of this study, along with the experimental values, will be discussed in detail.

Purpose: A new multivariate chemometric approach was developed for fast and economic compatibility determinations of ranitidine hydrochloride (as model drug) with certain pharmaceutical; polymers (Alginate & Chitosan), excipient (Lactose) and intravenous fluids (Dextrose, Ringer & Dextrose/ Ringer). Binary mixtures of the drug and each item were prepared and investigated by chemometric- assisted UV- spectrophotometry as well as by HPLC reference method. Methods: Five drug concentration levels (0.004-0.025mg/ml) of test-mixtures were used and the average drug recovery percent after two and seven days of storage from initial concentration was determined. Physico-chemical techniques including DSC, XRD, & FTIR were also performed to investigate the nature of the observed drug-additive interactions. Results: UV-chemometric and HPLC results showed that ranitidine stability in mixture aqueous solutions appears to be concentration dependent. The ranitidine content remained greater than 90% in alginate & chitosan test mixtures at all used drug concentrations (0.004-0.025mg/ml), while in lactose, dextrose, ringer & dextrose/ringer test mixtures fell below 90% at low drug concentrations (0.004- 0.009mg/ml), which suggests more ranitidine compatibility with alginate & chitosan rather than the other additives. Conclusion: The developed chemometric method, employing UV absorbance data successfully used as simple, rapid, and economic alternative tool in drug-additive compatibility determinations.

Background and Objectives: The prevention and treatment of peptic ulcers has become an important challenge in the current medicine world. Modern progress in novel drug delivery system aims to improve the efficacy of the drug molecule by formulating a dosage form of RHCL. One of the most feasible approaches for achieving a prolonged and predictable drug delivery profile in GI tract is to control the gastric residence time. Therefore, a multi-unit gastro retentive dosage form of RHCL capable of floating on simulated gastric fluid for more than 12 hours was formulated and evaluated.Materials and Methods: Nine batches of the light liquid paraffin entrapped emulsion gel beads were prepared by a new emulsion gelation technique using sodium alginate and xanthan gum as polymers. The polymeric solution was extruded into Calcium chloride solution by the use of 21G needles. Morphology of beads, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency, floating lag time and buoyancy were studied. Compatibility study of Ranitidine HCl with polymers used in the formulation was performed using DSC and FT-IR.Results: Mean surface diameter were between 1.220 ± 2.259% (F1) to 1.230 ± 2.316% (F9) and floating lag time were between 6 minute (F9) to 11 minute (F1). All formulations were buoyant for more than 12 hours in simulated gastric fluid at 37ºC. The drug content and drug entrapment efficiency among the formulations were between 17.48%~19.68% and 71.06% ~84.32% respectively. Formulation F1 showed lowest drug content and drug entrapment efficiency while F9 showed highest drug content and drug entrapment efficiency. F4 showed most acceptable sustained drug release profile.Conclusion: The gastro retentive drug delivery system designed as floating beads was found to be satisfactory drug delivery system for Ranitidine HCl to improve the bioavailability of the drug. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2): 4-12

A good understanding of the physico-chemical characteristics of a drug substance and excipients is necessary to obtain a safe and effective drug dosage form. Based on the current recommendations of the regulatory agencies (EMA, FDA) regarding the implementation of the Quality by Design concept at the drug product development stage, this article is focused on the application of the experimental design approach at the preformulation studies. The purpose of this work was the implementation of experimental design methodology in a compatibility study between ketoprofen (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and selected solid dosage forms excipients. The fractional factorial design was used to generate a matrix of multi-component mixtures of ketoprofen and selected excipients. In order to accelerate any chemical incompatibilities, the received mixtures were exposed to elevated temperature and humidity (60°C/75% RH) in a climate chamber for 3 weeks. The ketoprofen-excipients compatibility was studied by means of the RP-HPLC method. It was confirmed that the type of disintegrant had a strong impact on ketoprofen degradation. The incompatibility in mixtures of ketoprofen with sodium starch glycolate was indicated. According to literature data, it may be the result of a decrease in crystallinity and thus a decrease in the stability of ketoprofen in the presence of sodium starch glycolate. The effects of the other types of excipients were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). The applied experimental design methodology allowed for a rational selection of optimal excipients and thus, this approach may support significantly decision-making in the pharmaceutical industry.

Le sujet de recherche de ce Doctorat a porté sur le développement de méthodes analytiques afin d'évaluer la stabilité ou les incompatibilités de médicaments injectables d'anesthésie-réanimation en solution ou en systèmes dispersés.La première partie de ce travail a porté sur l'étude de la stabilité d'ampoules de bésylate de cisatracurium produites par la pharmacie du CHU de Lille pour permettre la continuité de la prise en charge des patients de réanimation dans le contexte des ruptures d'approvisionnement occasionnées par la pandémie à la COVID-19. L'étude de stabilité a été menée sur un lot de 4000 ampoules conservées entre 2 et 8 °C pendant 18 mois. Ce travail a nécessité la validation d'une méthode CLHP-UV indicatrice de stabilité pour le dosage du cisatracurium et de la laudanosine, un produit de dégradation décrit comme marqueur de son instabilité. Par ailleurs le recours à une méthode CLHP couplée à la spectrométrie de masse a permis une identification des produits de dégradation et l'étude des voies de dégradation. Nos résultats ont permis de conclure à la stabilité durant 15 mois des solutions de cisatracurium à 10mg/mL dans nos conditions de préparation et de conservation. La voie de dégradation principale observée dans nos conditions d'étude (l'hydrolyse de l'ester) différait de celle précédemment décrite (voie d'Hofmann). Cela souligne l'impondérabilité de mener des études de stabilité dans les conditions représentatives de l'utilisation réelle des médicaments.La seconde partie de cette thèse nous a conduit à étudier l'incompatibilité entre différents médicaments utilisés dans les services d'anesthésie et de réanimation. Les modèles étudiés étaient l'administration simultanée de propofol et d'agonistes des récepteurs alpha-2 adrénergiques (α2A ; clonidine ou dexmédétomidine) utilisés dans le cadre de l'analgésie multimodale. Les données disponibles dans la littérature concernent des concentrations et des ratios non représentatifs de ceux rencontrés dans les services de soins, exposant potentiellement les patients à un risque médicamenteux. Nous avons évalué la compatibilité d'associations propofol - α2A dans des conditions mimant celles des services de soins critiques. Huit conditions par association ont été évaluées pendant 96 heures, en triplicat, et en faisant varier les débits massiques simulés pour chaque médicament et pour des poids de patients de 45 et 150 kg. Afin d'évaluer la compatibilité chimique de ces associations, nous avons développé et validé 3 méthodes de dosage indicatrices de stabilité par CLHP-UV pour l'étude de la stabilité en association du propofol, de la clonidine et de la dexmédétomidine pendant 96 heures. La compatibilité physique de l'émulsion en association a été évaluée à l'aide d'un granulomètre couplé à une mesure du potentiel zeta (avec contrôles positifs et négatifs). Nos résultats ont permis de démontrer la stabilité physico-chimique de mélanges propofol-α2A représentatifs de ceux utilisés en pratique courante.En conclusion, les résultats de ce travail ont ainsi permis une validation scientifique des pratiques hospitalières de la pharmacie et des services de soins. Ils ont également permis de souligner le rôle fondamental du pharmacien pour garantir la qualité de la prise en charge médicamenteuse du patient, au travers de l'utilisation de ses compétences en chimie analytique pour l'évaluation des données de compatibilité et de stabilité
The research subject of this PhD focused on the development of analytical methods to assess the stability or incompatibilities of injectable anaesthetic drugs in solution or in dispersed systems.The first part of this work involved a study of the stability of cisatracurium besylate ampoules produced by the pharmacy of Lille University Hospital to ensure continuity of care for intensive care patients in the context of supply disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The stability study was conducted on a batch of 4,000 ampoules stored at 2-8°C for 18 months. This study required the validation of a stability-indicating HPLC-UV method for the determination of cisatracurium and laudanosine, one of its degradation products described as a marker of its instability. In addition, the use of an HPLC-mass spectrometry method enabled the identification of degradation products and the study of degradation pathways. Our results showed that cisatracurium solutions at 10mg/mL were stable for 15 months under our preparation and storage conditions. The main degradation pathway observed under our study conditions (ester hydrolysis) differed from that previously described (Hofmann pathway). This highlights the imponderability of conducting stability studies under conditions representative of the actual use of drugs. The second part of this thesis led us to study the incompatibility between different drugs used in anaesthesia and intensive care units. The models studied were the simultaneous administration of propofol and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists (α2A; clonidine or dexmedetomidine) used in multimodal analgesia. The data available in the literature refers to concentrations and ratios that are not representative of those encountered in hospital wards, potentially exposing patients to drug hazards. We assessed the compatibility of propofol-α2A combinations under conditions mimicking those encountered in critical care units. Eight conditions per combination were evaluated over 96 hours, in triplicate, varying the simulated mass flow rates for each drug and for patient weights of 45 and 150 kg. To assess the chemical compatibility of these combinations, we developed and validated 3 stability-indicating HPLC-UV assay methods to study the stability of propofol, clonidine and dexmedetomidine in combination for 96 hours. The physical compatibility of the emulsion in combination was assessed using a granulometer coupled to a zeta potential measurement (with positive and negative controls). Our results demonstrated the physico-chemical stability of propofol-α2A mixtures representative of those used in current practice.In conclusion, the results of this work have provided scientific validation of hospital pharmacy and care service practices. They also highlighted the fundamental role of pharmacists in guaranteeing the quality of patient drug management, by using their skills in analytical chemistry to assess compatibility and stability data

Advanced magnetic nanocomposites with different morphology and multiple functionalities have been intensively investigated by the materials scientist due to their serendipitous physico-chemical properties and potential applicabilities. Gold and iron oxide (Au–FexOy) nanocomposites inherited excellent stability, solvent compatibility, magnetic separability, post-modification ability etc. All of these properties greatly enhanced their extensive applications in different fields such as diagnostic, drug delivery, biosensor, catalysis etc. These nanocomposites generally exhibited a binary or a core/shell nanostructure that can be modifiable with various functional groups/moieties on the surface to enhance their compatibility and stability.The advancement in the research for controlling functionality can provide various routes for synthesizing novel Au–FexOy hybrid nanocomposite materials. The application of Au–FexOy hybrid nanocomposites is mostly dependent on their morphology, composition, stability of the as-synthesized materials. Therefore, the booming combinations of gold and Iron oxide are promising to get a hybrid nanocomposite with serendipitous and advantageous properties from both gold and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Recently, Au–FexOy hybrid nanocomposites were successfully employed as catalyst towards oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO), Epoxidation, Benzyl alcohol oxidation, Peroxidase-like activity, reduction hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) etc. The Au–FexOy hybrid nanocomposites catalysts enable an excellent magnetic separation method for its recyclization. Moreover, the hybrid matrix remarkably stabilizes the Au0 NPs from being agglomerated and leached which ultimately enhances their reclabilty. It was obatined that Au–FexOy exhibited high catalytic effectiveness rather than the Au0 NPs alone because of synergetic effect which originates at interface of the gold and Iron oxide.