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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Drosophila Genetics":
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Schlenke, Todd A., und David J. Begun. „Natural Selection Drives Drosophila Immune System Evolution“. Genetics 164, Nr. 4 (01.08.2003): 1471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.4.1471.
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Abstract Evidence from disparate sources suggests that natural selection may often play a role in the evolution of host immune system proteins. However, there have been few attempts to make general population genetic inferences on the basis of analysis of several immune-system-related genes from a single species. Here we present DNA polymorphism and divergence data from 34 genes thought to function in the innate immune system of Drosophila simulans and compare these data to those from 28 nonimmunity genes sequenced from the same lines. Several statistics, including average KA/KS ratio, average silent heterozygosity, and average haplotype diversity, significantly differ between the immunity and nonimmunity genes, suggesting an important role for directional selection in immune system protein evolution. In contrast to data from mammalian immunoglobulins and other proteins, we find no strong evidence for the selective maintenance of protein diversity in Drosophila immune system proteins. This may be a consequence of Drosophila’s generalized innate immune response.
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O'Grady, Patrick M. „Whither Drosophila?“ Genetics 185, Nr. 2 (Juni 2010): 703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.110.118232.
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Garza, D., M. M. Medhora und D. L. Hartl. „Drosophila nonsense suppressors: functional analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila tissue culture cells and Drosophila melanogaster.“ Genetics 126, Nr. 3 (01.11.1990): 625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/126.3.625.
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Abstract Amber (UAG) and opal (UGA) nonsense suppressors were constructed by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis of two Drosophila melanogaster leucine-tRNA genes and tested in yeast, Drosophila tissue culture cells and transformed flies. Suppression of a variety of amber and opal alleles occurs in yeast. In Drosophila tissue culture cells, the mutant tRNAs suppress hsp70:Adh (alcohol dehydrogenase) amber and opal alleles as well as an hsp70:beta-gal (beta-galactosidase) amber allele. The mutant tRNAs were also introduced into the Drosophila genome by P element-mediated transformation. No measurable suppression was seen in histochemical assays for Adhn4 (amber), AdhnB (opal), or an amber allele of beta-galactosidase. Low levels of suppression (approximately 0.1-0.5% of wild type) were detected using an hsp70:cat (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) amber mutation. Dominant male sterility was consistently associated with the presence of the amber suppressors.
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Thomas-Orillard, M., B. Jeune und G. Cusset. „Drosophila-host genetic control of susceptibility to Drosophila C virus.“ Genetics 140, Nr. 4 (01.08.1995): 1289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/140.4.1289.
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Abstract Interactions between Drosophila C virus (DCV) and its natural host, Drosophila melanogaster, were investigated using 15 geographical population samples infected by intraabdominal inoculation. These strains derived from natural populations of D. melanogaster differed in susceptibility to the DCVc. One strain was "partially tolerant". Isofemale lines obtained from one susceptible and one partially tolerant strain were studied. The partially tolerant phenotype was dominant, and there was no difference between F1 progeny of direct and reciprocal crosses. Analysis of F2 progeny showed that neither sex-linked genes nor maternal effects are involved in susceptibility to DCVc. The partially tolerant strain phenotype was dominant and segregated with chromosome III. Two nonexclusive hypotheses are proposed to explain chromosome III gene action.
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Klaczko, Louis Bernard, Charles E. Taylor und Jeffrey R. Powell. „GENETIC VARIATION FOR DISPERSAL BY DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS“. Genetics 112, Nr. 2 (01.02.1986): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/112.2.229.
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ABSTRACT Release-recapture experiments using Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis strains of different karyotypes were performed in a heterogeneous environment. The heterogeneity was due to both spatial variation and the species of yeast used to attract the released flies. No karyotypic-specific habitat preferences were detected. However, in all releases, different strains did behave differently with respect to one or both of the heterogeneous factors. These results indicate there is variation for dispersal behavior in these species that is most likely based on genotype-dependent habitat preferences.
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Moriyama, E. N., und D. L. Hartl. „Codon usage bias and base composition of nuclear genes in Drosophila.“ Genetics 134, Nr. 3 (01.07.1993): 847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.3.847.
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Abstract The nuclear genes of Drosophila evolve at various rates. This variation seems to correlate with codon-usage bias. In order to elucidate the determining factors of the various evolutionary rates and codon-usage bias in the Drosophila nuclear genome, we compared patterns of codon-usage bias with base compositions of exons and introns. Our results clearly show the existence of selective constraints at the translational level for synonymous (silent) sites and, on the other hand, the neutrality or near neutrality of long stretches of nucleotide sequence within noncoding regions. These features were found for comparisons among nuclear genes in a particular species (Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila virilis) as well as in a particular gene (alcohol dehydrogenase) among different species in the genus Drosophila. The patterns of evolution of synonymous sites in Drosophila are more similar to those in the prokaryotes than they are to those in mammals. If a difference in the level of expression of each gene is a main reason for the difference in the degree of selective constraint, the evolution of synonymous sites of Drosophila genes would be sensitive to the level of expression among genes and would change as the level of expression becomes altered in different species. Our analysis verifies these predictions and also identifies additional selective constraints at the translational level in Drosophila.
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Wu, C. Y., J. Mote und M. D. Brennan. „Tissue-specific expression phenotypes of Hawaiian Drosophila Adh genes in Drosophila melanogaster transformants.“ Genetics 125, Nr. 3 (01.07.1990): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/125.3.599.
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Abstract Interspecific differences in the tissue-specific patterns of expression displayed by the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genes within the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila represent a rich source of evolutionary variation in gene regulation. Study of the cis-acting elements responsible for regulatory differences between Adh genes from various species is greatly facilitated by analyzing the behavior of the different Adh genes in a homogeneous background. Accordingly, the Adh gene from Drosophila grimshawi was introduced into the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster by means of P element-mediated transformation, and transformants carrying this gene were compared to transformants carrying the Adh genes from Drosophila affinidisjuncta and Drosophila hawaiiensis. The results indicate that the D. affinidisjuncta and D. grimshawi genes have relatively higher levels of expression and broader tissue distribution of expression than the D. hawaiiensis gene in larvae. All three genes are expressed at similar overall levels in adults, with differences in tissue distribution of enzyme activity corresponding to the pattern in the donor species. However, certain systematic differences between Adh gene expression in transformants and in the Hawaiian Drosophila are noted along with tissue-specific position effects in some cases. The implications of these findings for the understanding of evolved regulatory variation are discussed.
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Provine, W. B. „Alfred Henry Sturtevant and crosses between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.“ Genetics 129, Nr. 1 (01.09.1991): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/129.1.1.
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Wolstenholme, David R., und Douglas O. Clary. „SEQUENCE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MITOCHONDRIAL DNA“. Genetics 109, Nr. 4 (01.04.1985): 725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/109.4.725.
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ABSTRACT We have compared nucleotide sequences of corresponding segments of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules of Drosophila yakuba and Drosophila melanogaster, which contain the genes for six proteins and seven tRNAs. The overall frequency of substitution between the nucleotide sequences of these protein genes is 7.2%. As was found for mtDNAs from closely related mammals, most substitutions (86%) in Drosophila mitochondrial protein genes do not result in an amino acid replacement. However, the frequencies of transitions and transversions are approximately equal in Drosophila mtDNAs, which is in contrast to the vast excess of transitions over transversions in mammalian mtDNAs. In Drosophila mtDNAs the frequency of C ↔ T substitutions per codon in the third position is 2.5 times greater among codons of two-codon families than among codons of four-codon families; this is contrary to the hypothesis that third position silent substitutions are neutral in regard to selection. In the third position of codons of four-codon families transversions are 4.6 times more frequent than transitions and A ↔ T substitutions account for 86% of all transversions. Ninety-four percent of all codons in the Drosophila mtDNA segments analyzed end in A or T. However, as this alone cannot account for the observed high frequency of A ↔ T substitutions there must be either a disproportionately high rate of A ↔ T mutation in Drosophila mtDNA or selection bias for the products of A ↔ T mutation.—Consideration of the frequencies of interchange of AGA and AGT codons in the corresponding D. yakuba and D. melanogaster mitochondrial protein genes provides strong support for the view that AGA specifies serine in the Drosophila mitochondrial genetic code.
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Sofer, W., und L. Tompkins. „Drosophila genetics in the classroom.“ Genetics 136, Nr. 1 (01.01.1994): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/136.1.417.
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Abstract Drosophila has long been useful for demonstrating the principles of classical Mendelian genetics in the classroom. In recent years, the organism has also helped students understand biochemical and behavioral genetics. In this connection, this article describes the development of a set of integrated laboratory exercises and descriptive materials--a laboratory module--in biochemical genetics for use by high-school students. The module focuses on the Adh gene and its product, the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme. Among other activities, students using the module get to measure alcohol tolerance and to assay alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Adh-negative and -positive flies. To effectively present the module in the classroom, teachers attend a month-long Dissemination Institute in the summer. During this period, they learn about other research activities that can be adapted for classroom use. One such activity that has proved popular with teachers and students utilizes Drosophila to introduce some of the concepts of behavioral genetics to the high-school student. By establishing closer interactions between high-school educators and research scientists, the gulf between the two communities can begin to be bridged. It is anticipated that the result of a closer relationship will be that the excitement and creativity of science will be more effectively conveyed to students.
Nicholls, Felicity K. M. „Genetic analysis of the gene Additional sex combs and interacting loci“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29644.
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In order to recover new mutant alleles of the Polycomb group gene Additional sex combs (Asx), mutagenized chromosomes were screened over the putative Asx allele XT129. Thirteen new mutant strains that fail to complement XT129 were recovered. Unexpectedly, the thirteen strains sorted into four complementation groups. Recombination mapping suggests that each complementation group represents a separate locus. The largest group fails to complement a deletion of Asx and maps in the vicinity of 2-72, the published location of Asx. All new mutant strains enhance the phenotype of Polycomb mutant flies and are not allelic to any previously discovered second chromosome Polycomb group genes. Therefore, the new mutants may be considered putative new members of the Polycomb group. This study suggests that Asx belongs to a sub-group of genes displaying intergenic non-complementation. Science, Faculty of Zoology, Department of Graduate
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O'Keefe, Louise. „Genetic analysis of the role of pebble during cytokinesis in Drosophila“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho415.pdf.
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Errata pasted onto back page. Bibliography: p. 133-149. The RhoGEF activity of PBL is shown to be acting predominantly by the activation of Rho1 and downstream signaling pathways required for contractile ring function during cytokinesis. Genetic evidence suggests this could be through the activation of Diaphanous (an FH protein) to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton, as well as through the activation of Rho-kinase which results in the phosphorylation, and activation of myosin. Highlights a possible role for PBL during contractile ring function at a later stage that previously thought. Genetic interaction screens were employed to identify regulators of PBL activity during cytokinesis. CDK1 was identified genetically as a candidate for regulating PFB activity, but functional studies in vivo showed that this regulation was not by direct phophorylation of the PBK consensus CDK1 suites tested. Further screening has identified other possible components pf PBL signaling pathways, but a role during cytokinesis for these interactors remains to be confirmed. The eye phenotypes described provide ideal systems for the identification of components of PBL signaling pathways in Drosophila. The high level of conservation in the mechanism of cytokinesis from yeast to mammals would also suggest that the identified interactors would most likely represent components of cytokinesis pathways in all eukaryotes.
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Riddihough, Guy. „The Drosophila hsp27 promoter“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258159.
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Johnstone, Oona. „Characterization of the Vasa-eIF5B interaction during Drosophila development“. Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84265.
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Translational control is an important means of regulating gene expression. Development of the Drosophila germ line relies on translational regulation to differentially express maternal mRNAs, allowing it to develop distinctly from the soma. One of the critical factors required for germ cell development and function is the conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase Vasa (Vas). The research presented in this thesis examines the role of Vas in translational regulation during Drosophila germ line development. A two-hybrid screen conducted with Vas identified a translation initiation factor eIF5B (dIF2), as a direct interactor. Mutations were created in eIF5B and were found to enhance the vas mutant phenotypes of reduced germ cell numbers, and posterior segmentation defects, suggesting a functional interaction between these factors in vivo. In order to further understand the biological significance of the Vas-eIF5B interaction, the region of Vas required for eIF5B-binding was mapped and then specifically disrupted. Reduction of Vas-eIF5B binding using a transgenic approach, virtually eliminated germ cell formation, while having only a moderate effect on the somatic requirement of Vas in posterior segmentation. In addition, Vas-eIF5B interaction was found to be required for the establishment of polarity within the egg during oogenesis, likely through direct regulation of gurken (grk) mRNA. We concluded that through interaction with eIF5B, Vas plays a critical role in translational regulation in the germ line. In addition, another Drosophila DEAD-box protein, highly similar to Vas, called Belle (Bel) was characterized. Mutations in bel were found to also affect the germ line, leading to both female and male sterility. Like Vas, Bel is implicated in translation initiation, however bel is an essential gene, with a requirement for growth, whose function is not restricted to the germ line. Our data suggest that Bel may be a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein,
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DRMT4 (Drosophila Arginine MethylTransferase 4) is an arginine methyltransferase in Drosophila (Boulanger et al. 2004). It shows the highest identities with mammalian PRMT4/CARM1 (Protein Arginine MethylTransferase 4) (59% identity, 75% similarity). HPLC analysis demonstrated that DRMT4 belongs to the type I class of methyltransferases (Boulanger et al. 2004), meaning that DRMT4 catalyzes asymmetrical dimethylarginine formation. A polyclonal antibody against DRMT4 was generated and used to study DRMT4 expression using western blots and immunostainings. In order to study DRMT4 function in Drosophila using genetic methods, we created three kinds of DRMT4 transgenes: a genomic DRMT4 under its own control, a genomic DRMT4-GFP fusion gene and a cDNA DRMT4 under UAS control. We investigated DRMT4 localization in wild type flies using the DRMT4-GFP transgenic line and immunostaining.
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Lee, Michael James. „TACC proteins in Drosophila and Xenopus“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619794.
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ADAR is an adenosine deaminase that acts on dsRNA. Once bound to dsRNA, ADAR deaminates specific adenosines into inosines. If this occurs within the coding region of a transcript the inosine will be read as a guanosine. This can lead to a change in the amino acid at this position and increase protein diversity. In mammals there are three ADAR genes: ADAR1, ADAR2 and ADAR3. However, only ADAR1 and ADAR2 have been shown to be enzymatically active. ADAR1 is widely expressed and can edit both coding RNA and non-coding RNA. ADAR2 is restricted to the CNS and the key transcript that it edits encodes the GluR-B subunit of the glutamate-gated ion channel receptor. Editing of the Q/R site in the GluR-B transcript occurs with an efficiency of more than 99.9% and changes the genomically encoded glutamine into an arginine. This results in an ion channel that is impermeable to calcium. The ADAR2 knock-out mice are viable, but suffer from epileptic seizures and die by day 20. This phenotype can be rescued by expressing the edited R isoform of GluR-B, suggesting that this site is the most important target for ADAR2. Drosophila has only one Adar gene and its product has been reported to edit more than one hundred adenosines in different transcripts. Many of these transcripts encode subunits of ion channels, and it has been hypothesised that lack of ion channel editing causes the behavioural defects and age-related neurodegeneration observed in Adar deletion mutants. In this thesis I investigate the function of ADAR in an uncharacterised Adar mutant, Adar5G1. To characterise the Adar5G1mutant I not only used standard histology but a 3D imaging technique, optical projection tomography (OPT), that had not been reported to be used with Drosophila before this work. OPT allows the internal organs to be imaged without any manual sectioning or dissecting. I used OPT to identify neurodegenerative vacuoles from within the intact head and present the data both in 2D and in 3D. In addition to this, I demonstrate that this technique can be used to image global expression patterns in the Drosophila adult and I relate the TAU-β galactosidase expression pattern to the Drosophila anatomy. The neurodegeneration observed by OPT was confirmed by detailed analysis of stained wax sections. Complete loss of Adar, in the Adar5G1 mutant revealed age-dependent vacuolisation of the retina and mushroom body calyces. The vacuolisation observed in the Adar5G1 mutant was rescued by expression of Drosophila Adar and human ADAR1 p110, and ADAR2. However the cytoplasmic form of ADAR1, ADAR1 p150, did not rescue the vacuolisation of the Adar5G1 mutant. ADAR3, a catalytically inactive ADAR, rescued the vacuolisation phenotype of the Adar5G1 mutant, suggesting that ADAR may have an additional function independent of editing activity. The vacuolisation of the Adar5G1mutant was found not to be associated with type I programmed cell death. However, it was associated with swollen nerve fibres and degrading ommatidia containing multilamellar whorls. Neurodegeneration in various Drosophila mutant models and human neuropathies has been associated with similar cellular structures, suggesting that loss of ADAR results in neurodegeneration common to many of the known neuropathies. Finally, I found that expression of edited isoforms of the nicotinic receptor channel 34E subunit (Nic 34E) failed to rescue the locomotion phenotype of the Adar mutant. However, I found preliminary evidence that one of the lines generated for an edited isoform of Rdl, a subunit of the GABA receptor ion channel, gave a partial rescue of both locomotion and neurodegeneration of the Adar1F4 and Adar5G1 mutant.
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Ometto, Lino. „The selective and demographic history of Drosophila melanogaster“. Diss., [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00004942.
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Gilchrist, Anthony Stuart. „Sperm displacement in drosophila melanogaster“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263252.
Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. Drosophila Genetics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7.
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Singh, Pranveer. Evolutionary Population Genetics of Drosophila ananassae. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2565-2.
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Barker, J. S. F., William T. Starmer und Ross J. MacIntyre, Hrsg. Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics of Drosophila. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8768-8.
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Demerec, M. Drosophila guide: Introduction to the genetics and cytology of Drosophila melanogaster. 9. Aufl. Washington, D. C: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1986.
Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „Transmission Genetics“. In Drosophila Genetics, 55–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_3.
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „Mutation Genetics“. In Drosophila Genetics, 135–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_5.
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „Population Genetics“. In Drosophila Genetics, 163–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_6.
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „General“. In Drosophila Genetics, 1–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_1.
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „Morphology of Drosophila Melanogaster“. In Drosophila Genetics, 33–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_2.
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „Phenogenetics“. In Drosophila Genetics, 103–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_4.
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „Cytology and Cytogenetics“. In Drosophila Genetics, 177–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_7.
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „Molecular Biology“. In Drosophila Genetics, 189–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_8.
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik und Friedrich E. Würgler. „Results and Answers“. In Drosophila Genetics, 203–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_9.
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Singh, Pranveer. „Drosophila ananassae“. In Evolutionary Population Genetics of Drosophila ananassae, 19–30. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2565-2_2.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Drosophila Genetics":
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Butnaru, Gallia, und Sorina Popescu. „Molecular profile of the D. melanogaster mutant genotype w1118 in the presence of variable amount of deuterium (D)“. In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.31.
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The Drosophila melanogaster w1118 mutant line was used to identify the effect of deuterium (D) on DNA synthesis. D concentrations ranged from 30ppm to 96.89% (low and very high amount respec-tively). Five generations of flies were bred on culture media prepared with 6 concentrations of D. For each generation the DNA was analyzed, and its variability was established. The results showed a small involvement of D in the successive synthesis of nuclear DNA.
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Golan, Rotem, Christian Jacob, Savraj Grewal und Jörg Denzinger. „Predicting patterns of gene expression during drosophila embryogenesis“. In GECCO '14: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2576768.2598250.
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Matić, Sanja Lj, Nikola Srećković, Jelena Katanić Stanković und Vladimir Mihailović. „IN VIVO PROTEKTIVNI EFEKAT EKSTRAKATA BILJKE Lysimachia vulgaris NA DNK OŠTEĆENJA INDUKOVANA ETIL METANSULFONATOM 2022ЗБОРНИК БИОДИВЕРЗИТЕТ“. In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.523m.
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The in vivo genotoxic activity of the aerial part and root methanol extracts of Lysimachia vulgaris L. and ability to protect DNA from ethyl methanesulfonate- induced DNA damage was studied using comet assays in Drosophila melanogaster. Results revealed no significant differences in mean genetic damage index between exposure groups (20, 40, 80 mg mL-1 of Drosophila food) and negative control, indicating a non-genotoxic effect. Combined treatment of extracts and ethyl methanesulfonate showed a significant reduction in DNA damage with a percentage of reduction above 80. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of L. vulgaris could be used as a natural agent in the prevention of diseases associated with DNA damage.
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Koppes, Ryan A., Douglas M. Swank und David T. Corr. „Force Depression in the Drosophila Jump Muscle“. In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19436.
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The depression of isometric force after active shortening, termed force depression (FD), is a well-accepted characteristic of skeletal muscle that has been demonstrated in both whole muscle [1,3] and single-fiber preparations [1,2]. Although this history-dependent behavior has been observed experimentally for over 70 years, its underlying mechanism(s) remain unknown. Drosophila melangastor, commonly known as the fruit fly, is a well established, comprehensively understood, and genetically manipulable animal model. Furthermore, Drosophila have proved to be an accurate model species for studying muscle mechanics, and the Tergal Depressor of the Trochanter (TDT), or jump muscle, has most precisely resembled the mechanics of mammalian skeletal muscle [4]. Due to the structural and phenomenological similarities of the TDT muscle to skeletal muscle, in addition to the potential use of genetic mutations in fly models, it is extremely advantageous to investigate the presence of history dependent phenomenon in the TDT. If such phenomena are present, further investigation utilizing different myosin and actin isoforms to study the underlying mechanism(s) could produce new insight into this history-dependent phenomenon, otherwise impossible to elucidate using current experimental models. Thus, it is the goal of this study to determine the presence and degree of FD in the TDT muscle of wild type Drosophila.
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KYODA, KOJI, und HIROAKI KITANO. „SIMULATION OF GENETIC INTERACTION FOR DROSOPHILA LEG FORMATION“. In Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814447300_0008.
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Ewer, John. „Genetic dissection of neuropeptide-controlled behavior in Drosophila“. In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105582.
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Wang, Jonathan B. „The genetic basis for variation in resistance to fungal infection in Drosophila melanogaster“. In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113799.
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ALVES, FILIPA, und RUI DILÃO. „A SOFTWARE TOOL TO MODEL GENETIC REGULATORY NETWORKS: APPLICATIONS TO SEGMENTAL PATTERNING IN DROSOPHILA“. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812773685_0005.
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Afanasyeva, K. P., A. N. Rusakovich, N. E. Kharchenko, I. D. Aleksandrov und M. V. Aleksandrova. „GENOMIC CHANGES IN THE PROGENY OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MALES IRRADIATED BY y-RAYS“. In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-1-328-331.
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Annotation:
The results of sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of genomic changes in 9 F1 progeny of males from the isogenic line D. melanogaster irradiated by Co60 Y—rays at a dose of 40 Gy (LD85) and in 3 control samples are presented. In 9 progeny from irradiated males, a total of 46 genomic changes (32 significant and 15 mosaic de novo mutations) were found, which is equal to a frequency of 5.2 mutations/genome. The spectrum of changes included 33 deletions (17-78 000 bp in size), 4 duplications (322-1371 bp), 4 reciprocal translocations and 6 inversions in X, 2 and 3 chromosomes. In 3 studied control samples, 2 deletions (98 and 128 bp in length) were found in 3 chromosome (frequency - 0.66 mutations/genome). This shows that in the progeny of irradiated males, the frequency of de novo mutations at the genome level is 7.9 times higher than in the control, even without taking into account base substitutions and indels, the analysis of which is ongoing. Almost half of the identified structural changes in the genome affect coding genes. Thus, the results show that next-generation genome sequencing can detect a much wider range of mutations of any size. This indicates a much higher genetic hazard of sparsely ionizing radiation than previously thought.
10
Joshi, Sagar D., und Lance A. Davidson. „Remote Control of Apical Epithelial Sheet Contraction by Laser Ablation or Nano-Perfusion: Acute Stimulus Triggers Rapid Remodeling of F-Actin Network in Apical Cortex“. In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204904.
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Annotation:
Apical contraction is the major tissue movement during remodeling of epithelial sheets in development. During apical contraction, groups of cells narrow their apices to form bottle-shaped structures, driving events such as sea-urchin gastrulation [1], Drosophila ventral-furrow formation, vertebrate neurulation and wound healing [2]. Tissue-folding events such as invagination, ingression and involution involve this tissue movement in which cells actively build “rifts” and “tubes”. Epithelial cells integrate genetic information, mechanical signals, and biochemical gradients to build these structures, but how they do so is unknown [3]. Theoretical models [4] provide some mechanical explanation for these events. Here we experimentally induce apical contractions controllably for the first time in amphibian embryos. Two independent methods, namely, laser ablation of cell membranes and nano-perfusion with cell lysate induce cell contraction in tissue isolates and in whole embryos. We demonstrate a biochemical pathway that stimulates rapid actin-reorganization/ polymerization accompanied by increases in α-actinin. The F-actin remodeling correlates with increased levels of Ca++. Cell contraction begins within few seconds of laser ablation or nano-perfusion, peaks within a minute and is followed by a similar relaxation. Acute control of epithelial mechanics will allow us to better understand how molecular genetic processes drive shape change in tissues and will help future bioengineers build complex 3D epithelial organs.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Drosophila Genetics":
1
Betson, Martha E. An Analysis of Rho-PKN Signaling in Prostate Cancer Using Drosophila Genetics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Januar 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448101.
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2
Betson, Martha E. An Analysis of Rho-PKN Signaling in Prostate Cancer Using Drosophila Genetics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Januar 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434481.
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3
Segal, Daniel, Lawrence Gilbert und Shalom Applebaum. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis in Drosophila. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7604297.bard.
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4
LaJeunesse, Dennis. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Drosophila Brakeless: A Novel Modifier of Merlin Phenotypes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428432.
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LaJeunesse, Dennis R. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Drosophila Brakeless: A Novel Modifier of Merlin Phenotypes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411513.
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LaJeunesse, Dennis. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Drosophila Brakeless: A Novel Modifier of Merlin Phenotypes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421198.
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Hawley, R. S. [Studies of the repair of radiation-induced genetic damage in Drosophila]. Final progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666243.
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LaJeunesse, Dennis. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Drosophia Brakeless: A Novel Modifier of Merlin Phenotypes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443662.
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9
Hawley, R. S. [Studies of the repair of radiation-induced genetic damage in Drosophila]. Annual progress report, 1 November 1994--1 January 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/304069.
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Hawley, R. S. [Studies of the repair of radiation-induced genetic damage in Drosophila]. Annual progress report, February 1, 1993--November 1, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656510.
