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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Drives substituting"
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Riess, Christian, Michael Simon Josef Walter, Stefan Weiherer, Tiffany Haas, Sebastian Haas und Alexandru Salceanu. „Heating an electric car with a biofuel operated heater during cold seasons – design, application and test“. ACTA IMEKO 7, Nr. 4 (09.01.2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v7i4.578.
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The automotive industry is currently undergoing far-reaching structural changes. Automobile manufacturers are pursuing intensive scientific research and technological development in the field of alternative drive systems, such as electric powertrains. If electric car batteries are charged with regenerative generated electricity, their emission output is zero (from a well-to-wheel view). Furthermore, electric drives have very high efficiency. At cold temperatures, however, the battery power drops due to energy-intensive loads, such as the heating of the passenger compartment, and this consequently reduces the range dramatically. Therefore, the focus of this research work is external energy supply for the required heat capacity. The auxiliary energy may be generated by renewable energy technologies in order to further improve the CO<sub>2</sub> balance of electric vehicles. The paper deals with the design, application, and testing of a biofuel-operated heater to heat the passenger compartment of a battery-powered electric car (a Renault ZOE R240). The practical use of the heating system is analyzed in several test drives, performed during winter 2018. The results as well as the range extension of the electric car that can be achieved by substituting the on-board heating system by the fuel-operated heater are quantified herein.
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Li, Hao, Shuo Chen, Xiang Wu und Guojun Tan. „Model Predictive Control Method with Constant Switching Frequency to Reduce Common-Mode Voltage for PMSM Drives“. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018 (08.10.2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1090452.
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A model predictive control method to reduce the common-mode voltage (MPC-RCMV) with constant switching frequency for PMSM drives is proposed in this paper. Four nonzero VVs are adopted in future control period and the switching sequence is designed to ensure the switching frequency is fixed and equal to the control frequency. By substituting the finite-control nonzero voltage vectors in the current predictive model, a current predictive error space vector diagram is obtained to determine the adopted four VVs. The duty ratio calculating method for the selected four VVs is studied. Compared with the conventional MPC-RCMV method, the current and torque ripples are greatly reduced and the switching frequency is fixed. The simulation and experiment results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Laleman, Wim, Joan Claria, Schalk Van der Merwe, Richard Moreau und Jonel Trebicka. „Systemic Inflammation and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Too Much, Not Enough“. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 (01.08.2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1027152.
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ACLF is a specific, but complex and multifactorial form of acute decompensation of cirrhosis and is characterized by an extraordinary dynamic natural course, rapidly evolving organ failure, and high short-term mortality. Dysbalanced immune function is central to its pathogenesis and outcome with an initial excessive systemic inflammatory response that drives organ failure and mortality. Later in its course, immuno-exhaustion/immunoparalysis prevails predisposing the patient to secondary infectious events and reescalation in end-organ dysfunction and mortality. The management of patients with ACLF is still poorly defined. However, as its pathophysiology is gradually being unravelled, potential therapeutic targets emerge that warrant further study such as restoring or substituting albumin via plasma exchange or via albumin dialysis and evaluating usefulness of TLR4 antagonists, modulators of gut dysbiosis (pre- or probiotics), and FXR-agonists.
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Rogozin, Igor B., Frida Belinky, Vladimir Pavlenko, Svetlana A. Shabalina, David M. Kristensen und Eugene V. Koonin. „Evolutionary switches between two serine codon sets are driven by selection“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, Nr. 46 (31.10.2016): 13109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615832113.
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Serine is the only amino acid that is encoded by two disjoint codon sets so that a tandem substitution of two nucleotides is required to switch between the two sets. Previously published evidence suggests that, for the most evolutionarily conserved serines, the codon set switch occurs by simultaneous substitution of two nucleotides. Here we report a genome-wide reconstruction of the evolution of serine codons in triplets of closely related species from diverse prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The results indicate that the great majority of codon set switches proceed by two consecutive nucleotide substitutions, via a threonine or cysteine intermediate, and are driven by selection. These findings imply a strong pressure of purifying selection in protein evolution, which in the case of serine codon set switches occurs via an initial deleterious substitution quickly followed by a second, compensatory substitution. The result is frequent reversal of amino acid replacements and, at short evolutionary distances, pervasive homoplasy.
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Rubel, Robiul Islam, Md Jafor Iqball und Md Emdadul Hoque. „Analysis of a CNG Driven Three Wheeler Drive Shaft“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 860 (Dezember 2016): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.860.93.
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CNG driven three wheeler vehicles is seen to carrying passenger around Bangladesh and vary favorable as public or private hired vehicle. Its drive shaft is a vital component for transmitting power from engine to wheel rotates at around 4000-5000 rpm. Most shafts undergo varying range of loads including bending, torsion and axial simultaneously. Therefore, the shaft fails frequently. But the problem of its replacement is difficult. It is imported from abroad; usually from the origin country of a specific model which makes its interchangeability exorbitant to the owner but also time consuming due to unavailability throughout the country. Substituting high cost unoriginal drive shaft by locally made shaft is an important criterion for lowering the maintenance cost. In this work an attempt has been made to estimate the deflection, stresses under subjected loads using FEA in ANSYS. The static structural analysis gives deflection and stresses. Modal analysis shows the nature of frequency and the maximum permissible rotating speed.
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Kodkin, Vladimir L., Aleksandr Sergeevich Anikin und Aleksandr A. Baldenkov. „The dynamics identification of asynchronous electric drives via frequency response“. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp66-73.
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<span>The article substantiates the necessity of identifying the dynamics of asynchronous electric drives with frequency control. It is proposed to use nonlinear transfer functions and the formula of a family of frequency responses of an electric drive, depending on the frequency of the stator voltage and slip. Experiments and simulations confirming theoretical conclusions are presented. The frequency responses of the drive of the stand calculated by the proposed method allowed to explain those problems of frequency control that were not explained by traditional methods - analytical, vector diagrams, substitution schemes, etc. This same technique allowed us to formulate a structural correction of the asynchronous electric drives. In contrast to the previously published research materials of asynchronous electric drives, a detailed qualitative analysis of the obtained nonlinear frequency responses and the interrelation of these characteristics with experimental results is shown for the first time in the article.</span>
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Rimmelzwaan, G. F., E. G. M. Berkhoff, N. J. Nieuwkoop, D. J. Smith, R. A. M. Fouchier und A. D. M. E. Osterhaus. „Full restoration of viral fitness by multiple compensatory co-mutations in the nucleoprotein of influenza A virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape mutants“. Journal of General Virology 86, Nr. 6 (01.06.2005): 1801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80867-0.
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Amino acid substitutions have been identified in the influenza A virus nucleoprotein that are associated with escape from recognition by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). One of these is the arginine-to-glycine substitution at position 384 (R384G). This substitution alone, however, is detrimental to viral fitness, which is overcome in part by the functionally compensating co-mutation E375G. Here, the effect on viral fitness of four other co-mutations associated with R384G was investigated by using plasmid-driven rescue of mutant viruses. Whilst none of these alternative co-mutations alone compensated functionally for the detrimental effect of the R384G substitution, the M239V substitution improved viral fitness of viruses containing 375G and 384R. The nucleoprotein displays unexpected flexibility to overcome functional constraints imposed by CTL epitope sequences, allowing influenza viruses to escape from specific CTLs.
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Karpukhina, Natalia, Robert V. Law und Robert G. Hill. „Solid State NMR Study of Calcium Fluoroaluminosilicate Glasses“. Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.25.
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Fluorine containing calcium aluminosilicate glasses are widely used for a number of technological applications including dental cements, mould fluxes in steel making and in a variety of glass-ceramic systems. Despite of their importance these systems remain quite poorly understood with respect to their composition. To address this question a glass composition corresponding to the equimolar binary system anorthite−fluorite (Ca2Al2Si2O8−CaF2) was chosen as a base point for two series of compositions. One of the series is designed on the anorthite stoichiometry and considered as classically charge balanced. Another series starts from the fluorine free composition of the anorthite−lime (Ca2Al2Si2O8−CaO) stoichiometry and, therefore, is characterized by a disrupted network with at least one non-bridging oxygen (NBO) attached to silicon. A multinuclear 19F, 27Al, 29Si solid state NMR study of the glasses was undertaken. It is shown that in both series fluorine is predominantly coordinated by calcium, F−Ca(n), and in addition interacts with aluminium forming Al−F−Ca(n) complexes, where n denotes the number of first neighbouring calcium cations. Small amounts of high coordinated aluminium grows with increasing fluoride content in both glass series. However, the high coordinated aluminium may not be solely due to the formation of the Al−F−Ca(n) complexes. Glasses of the first series displayed systematic upfield shift of 29Si NMR resonance while substituting fluoride for oxide, starting from the fluorine free composition. This upfield shift is interpreted as the lack of cations in the network, due to formation of the F−Ca(n), which drives silicon network to polymerize toward a higher Qn structure. Contrary to the first series, the 29Si NMR resonance remains constant for fluorine containing compositions of the second series but differs downfield from the initial anorthite glass. The latter is explained by the excess of cations in the network due to addition of the fluorite resulting in formation of NBO on the silicon. Binding of fluorine with silicon is considered negligible in these systems. Thus, fluorine and calcium both define the degree of network polymerization and are considered as a cause for the changes in silicon and aluminium networks.
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Chappell, Helen F., Ravin Jugdaohsingh und Jonathan J. Powell. „Physiological silicon incorporation into bone mineral requires orthosilicic acid metabolism to SiO 4 4−“. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, Nr. 167 (Juni 2020): 20200145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0145.
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Under physiological conditions, the predominant form of bioavailable silicon (Si) is orthosilicic acid (OSA). In this study, given Si's recognized positive effect on bone growth and integrity, we examined the chemical form and position of this natural Si source in the inorganic bone mineral hydroxyapatite (HA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) of rat tibia bone mineral showed that the mineral phase was similar to that of phase-pure HA. However, theoretical XRD patterns revealed that at the levels found in bone, the ‘Si effect’ would be virtually undetectable. Thus we used first principles density functional theory calculations to explore the energetic and geometric consequences of substituting OSA into a large HA model. Formation energy analysis revealed that OSA is not favourable as a neutral interstitial substitution but can be incorporated as a silicate ion substituting for a phosphate ion, suggesting that incorporation will only occur under specific conditions at the bone-remodelling interface and that dietary forms of Si will be metabolized to simpler chemical forms, specifically SiO 4 4 − . Furthermore, we show that this substitution, at the low silicate concentrations found in the biological environment, is likely to be a driver of calcium phosphate crystallization from an amorphous to a fully mineralized state.
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Moutinho, Ana Filipa, Thomas Bataillon und Julien Y. Dutheil. „Variation of the adaptive substitution rate between species and within genomes“. Evolutionary Ecology 34, Nr. 3 (14.12.2019): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-019-10026-z.
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AbstractThe importance of adaptive mutations in molecular evolution is extensively debated. Recent developments in population genomics allow inferring rates of adaptive mutations by fitting a distribution of fitness effects to the observed patterns of polymorphism and divergence at sites under selection and sites assumed to evolve neutrally. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art of these methods and review the factors that affect the molecular rate of adaptation. Several studies have reported extensive cross-species variation in the proportion of adaptive amino-acid substitutions (α) and predicted that species with larger effective population sizes undergo less genetic drift and higher rates of adaptation. Disentangling the rates of positive and negative selection, however, revealed that mutations with deleterious effects are the main driver of this population size effect and that adaptive substitution rates vary comparatively little across species. Conversely, rates of adaptive substitution have been documented to vary substantially within genomes. On a genome-wide scale, gene density, recombination and mutation rate were observed to play a role in shaping molecular rates of adaptation, as predicted under models of linked selection. At the gene level, it has been reported that the gene functional category and the macromolecular structure substantially impact the rate of adaptive mutations. Here, we deliver a comprehensive review of methods used to infer the molecular adaptive rate, the potential drivers of adaptive evolution and how positive selection shapes molecular evolution within genes, across genes within species and between species.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Drives substituting"
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Melničuk, Petr. „Nová koncepce testovacích přípravků pro přední světlomety osobních vozidel“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442817.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is designing a way of substituting pneumatic drives with electrical actuators for mechanical movements in a headlights tester. The thesis also contains a theoretical introduction to the issue in the first part. Substitution variants are assessed considering chosen parameters and evaluated using multi-criteria evaluation method. Two final designs are compiled based on the evaluation results and processed into the 3D model of the tester. Drawings are produced for these solutions. In conclusion, a recommendation derived from achieved results is given to the tester manufacturer, ELCOM a.s.
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Smit, Corlee. „Aspects of drug usage in a section of the private health care sector of South Africa : A managed health care approach / C. Smit“. Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4175.
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Background: According to the Council of Medical Schemes of South Africa (CMS, 2007:52), nearly seventeen percent of the total benefits paid during 2006 were for medicine. Medicine is thus a cost-driving contributor to total healthcare financing. There are various factors influencing and driving medicine usage and cost patterns, including inter alia provider preference, therapeutic committees, marketing and cost.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the top twenty trade name products
according to total cost and prevalence in a section of the private health care sector of South Africa, and to identify cost driving products.
Methodology: A quantitative, retrospective drug utilisation review (DUR) study was performed on computerised medication records (medicine claims data) for two consecutive years (i.e. 2005 and 2006) that were obtained from a South African pharmaceutical benefit management company (PBM). The study population consisted of 1 218358 and 1 259 099 patients for 2005 and 2006 respectively. A total of 19 860 679 and 21 473017 medicine items that were claimed during 2005 and 2006 were included in the review.
Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, and were analysed using the Statistical
Analysis System® SAS 9.1® programme. The cost prevalence index (CPI), developed by Serfontein (1989:180), was used as an indicator of the relative expensiveness of medicine. Resource- and activity driver products (cost driving products) were identified on the database by calculating the total cost of the product, the CPI of the product as well as the prevalence of the product. Variables for analysis included age, gender, prescriber and provider types.
Resurts and discussion: A total number of 8 522 574 and 9 046 138 prescriptions were analysed, with an average of 2.33 ± 1.56 and 2.37 ± 1.58 items per prescription during 2005 and 2006 respectively. The average cost per prescription for the total database was R222.16 ± R463.13 for 2005 and R226.25 ± R557.49 for 2006. Members had to co-pay an average of
R26.33 ± R102.70 per prescription in 2005 compared to R29.74 ± R103.96 per prescription in
2006. Children under the age of nine accounted for approximately 13% of the total study population, the adolescent age group < 9 and ≥ 19 years) represented 12%, age group three < 19 and ≥ 45 years) represented 38%, age group four < 45 and ≥ 59 years) represented 21% and the geriatric age group (patients older than 59 years) represented 16% of the total study population on the database. About 44% of the study population were male compared to 56% female patients. The top twenty trade name products ranked according to total cost represented about 13% (N=R1 893376 921.00 and N=R2 046 944382.50 in 2005 and 2006 respectively) of the overall medicine cost. The top five trade name products according to total cost for 2005 in descending order were Upitor 1 Omg and 20mg, Fosamax 70mg, Celebrex 200mg and Prexum 4mg. During 2006 the top five trade name products were similar except for Cipralex 10mg in the place of Celebrex 200mg. The CPls for all these products were above one; these products were also all activity drivers. The top twenty trade name products ranked according to prevalence represented about 11% (N=19 860679 and N=21 473074) of the total medicine prevalence for both study periods. The top five trade name products according to prevalence for both years contained Eltroxin 100mcg, Ecotrin 81 mg, Upitor 10mg and Alcophyllex syrup, with Myprodol capsules in 2005 and Mybulen tablets in 2006. Upitor 1 Omg was the only cost driver product in this list. General medical practitioners prescribed the largest quantity of medicine items and represented about 73% of all the medicine items on the database. The medicine prescribed by general medical prescribers accounted for 65% of the overall medicine expenditure on the database. Pharmacies can be seen as the main providers of medicine items. Pharmacies provided approximately 80% of the medicine items and represented over 91% of the total medicine expenditure. Cardiovascular agents were the main pharmacological group that represented the greatest percentage of the total medicine cost, about 19% in both study years. Cardiovascular agents were also positioned 1st according to prevalence and represented about 14% of the overall medicine prevalence in both the study periods.
Conclusions and recommendations: Cost driver products can be seen as the products that
drives medicine expenditure in the managed health care environment, thus driving the total cost of medicine treatment in the private health care sector of South Africa. Through the
implementation of managed health care information- and management instruments medicine
expenditure can be reduced. Recommendations for future research have been made.Thesis (M. Pharm. (Pharmacy Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Wang, Chen-Wei. „Model-driven development of information systems“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9d70647c-e1b6-4cbb-b88c-707f09431db6.
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The research presented in this thesis is aimed at developing reliable information systems through the application of model-driven and formal techniques. These are techniques in which a precise, formal model of system behaviour is exploited as source code. As such a model may be more abstract, and more concise, than source code written in a conventional programming language, it should be easier and more economical to create, to analyse, and to change. The quality of the model of the system can be ensured through certain kinds of formal analysis and fixed accordingly if necessary. Most valuably, the model serves as the basis for the automated generation or configuration of a working system. This thesis provides four research contributions. The first involves the analysis of a proposed modelling language targeted at the model-driven development of information systems. Logical properties of the language are derived, as are properties of its compiled form---a guarded substitution notation. The second involves the extension of this language, and its semantics, to permit the description of workflows on information systems. Workflows described in this way may be analysed to determine, in advance of execution, the extent to which their concurrent execution may introduce the possibility of deadlock or blocking: a condition that, in this context, is synonymous with a failure to achieve the specified outcome. The third contribution concerns the validation of models written in this language by adapting existing techniques of software testing to the analysis of design models. A methodology is presented for checking model consistency, on the basis of a generated test suite, against the intended requirements. The fourth and final contribution is the presentation of an implementation strategy for the language, targeted at standard, relational databases, and an argument for its correctness, based on a simple, set-theoretic semantics for structure and operations.
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Ghasemi, Navid. „Improvement of the driving simulator control and comparison between driver-road-vehicule interaction in real and simulated environment“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2010.
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Les activités de recherche ont été menées en collaboration avec l'Université de Bologne, l'Université Paris-Est et l'Université Gustave Eiffel sous la forme d'un doctorat cotutelle. Les activités sont divisées en deux macro-domaines ; les études de simulation de conduite réalisées à l'Université Gustave Eifel (IFSTTAR) et les expériences sur route organisées par l'Université de Bologne. La première partie de la recherche se concentre sur l'amélioration de la fidélité physique du simulateur de conduite à deux degrés de liberté avec une attention particulière aux signaux de mouvement et au modèle de dynamique du véhicule. Ce dernier a été développé dans MATLAB-Simulink et a la capacité de calculer en temps réel les états du véhicule et de contrôler la plateforme de mouvement. Au cours de cette phase de la recherche, des algorithmes de repères de mouvement ont été développés pour contrôler les mouvements du simulateur et l'effet des signaux de mouvement sur le comportement des conducteurs a été analysé par expérimentation. Les résultats de ces études sont discutés dans les cas d’études I et II. Dans la deuxième partie de la recherche, les performances du conducteur et le comportement visuel ont été étudiés sur la route sous différents scénarios. Le comportement visuel du conducteur a été enregistré à l'aide d'un dispositif de suivi oculaire monté sur la tête, tandis que la trajectoire du véhicule a été enregistrée avec un véhicule instrumenté équipé du système de positionnement mondial. Au cours de cette phase, plusieurs études de cas ont été développées pour surveiller le comportement des conducteurs en milieu naturaliste. La cas d'étude III vise à intégrer l'audit de sécurité routière traditionnel à un système innovant de surveillance du comportement des conducteurs. L’expérimentation sur route avec des conducteurs a été réalisée sur une artère urbaine afin d'évaluer l'approche proposée à travers des techniques innovantes de suivi des conducteurs. Ces mêmes instruments de surveillance de la conduite ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'amélioration d'un passage pour piétons au rond-point dans le cas d'étude IV. Les données de suivi oculaire ont été évaluées dans les deux études afin d'identifier un indicateur d'attention visuelle du conducteur en fonction de la position et de la durée du regard des participants. Une attention particulière est accordée à la sécurité des conducteurs vulnérables dans les zones urbaines lors de l'étude du comportement de conduite naturaliste. Le cas d'étude V a analysé le comportement de conduite du conducteur en phase d'approche d'un passage prioritaire à vélo à l'aide de mesures de sécurité de substitution. Les mesures de performance des conducteurs telles que le temps de réaction de la perception et le comportement du regard ont été utilisées pour évaluer le niveau de sécurité du passage à niveau, équipé de systèmes de signalisation standard et innovants. L’amélioration du comportement cédant du conducteur vers un passage à niveau non signalé pendant la nuit et sa réaction à un système d’alarme d’éclairage intégré ont été évaluées dans le cas d’étude VI. La dernière phase de la thèse est consacrée à l'étude du régulateur de vitesse adaptatif (ACC) avec expérimentation sur route et sur simulateur. L'expérimentation sur route a étudié l'influence du système d'aide à la conduite sur l'adaptation des conducteurs avec une évaluation objective et subjective, dans laquelle un instrument de suivi oculaire et un casque EEG ont été utilisés pour surveiller les conducteurs sur une autoroute. Les résultats sont présentés dans les cas d’études VII et VIII et l’attention visuelle des conducteurs a été réduite en raison de l’adaptation à l’ACC dans le scénario de suivi de véhicule. Les résultats de l'essai sur route ont ensuite été utilisés pour reproduire le même scénario dans le simulateur de conduite et l'adaptation du comportement des conducteurs avec l'utilisation de l'ACC a été confirmée par l'expérimentationThe related research activities were carried out in collaboration with the University of Bologna, Paris-Est University and Gustave Eiffel University (IFSTTAR) in the form of a cotutelle PhD. The activities are divided into two macro areas ; the driving simulation studies conducted in Gustave Eifel University (IFSTTAR) and on-road experiments organized by the University of Bologna. The first part of the research is focused on improving the physical fidelity of the two DOF driving simulator with particular attention to motion cueing and vehicle dynamics model. The vehicle dynamics model has been developed in MATLAB-Simulink and has the ability of real-time calculation of the vehicle states and control the motion platform. During this phase of the research, motion cueing algorithms were developed to control the simulator movements and the effect of the motion cues on drivers’ behaviour was analysed through experimentation. The results of these studies are discussed in the case studies I and II. In the second part of the research, the driver performance and visual behaviour were studied on the road under different scenarios. The driver visual behaviour was recorded with the use of a head mounted eye-tracking device, while the vehicle trajectory was registered with an instrumented vehicle equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS). During this phase, several case studies were developed to monitor drivers’ behaviour in the naturalistic environment. Case study III aims to integrate the traditional road safety auditing with an innovative driver behaviour monitoring system. The real road experiment with drivers was carried out in an urban arterial road in order to evaluate the proposed approach through innovative driver monitoring techniques. These same driving monitoring instruments were used for evaluating the improvement of a pedestrian crossing at the roundabout in case study IV. The eye-tracking data were evaluated in both studies in order to identify a driver visual attention indicator based on the participants gaze position and duration. Significant attention is given to the safety of vulnerable drivers in urban areas during the naturalistic driving behaviour study. Case study V analyzed the driver yielding behaviour in approach phase to a bicycle priority crossing with the use of surrogate safety measures. The drivers’ performance measures such as perception reaction time and gaze behaviour were used to assess the safety level of the crossing equipped with standard and innovative signalling systems. The improvement on the driver’s yielding behaviour towards an un-signalized crossing during night-time and their reaction to an integrated lighting-warning system was evaluated in the case study VI. The last phase of the thesis is dedicated to the study of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with on-road and simulator experimentation. The on-road experimentation investigated the driver assistant system influence on the drivers' adaptation with objective and subjective assessment, in which an eye tracking instrument and EEG helmet were used to monitor the drivers on a highway. The results are presented in Case studies VII and VIII and drivers’s visual attention was reduced due to adaptation to the ACC in the car following scenario. The results of the on-road test were later used to reproduce to the same scenario in the driving simulator and the adaptation of drivers’ behaviour with the use of ACC was confirmed through experimentation
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Cosetin, Marcelo Rafael. „Circuitos de acionamento para iluminação semicondutora empregando topologias integradas com capacitores de longa vida útil“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8531.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis work presents an analysis and design of two Light Emitting Diode (LED) drivers topologies based on static switched converters aiming to avoid using electrolytic capacitors. Considering the low lifetime of electrolytic capacitors compared to LEDs, the topologies aims for reducing the storage capacitance and replaces it by a longer lifetime capacitor, increasing the overall system life span. A Proportional Integral controller is designed to reduce the output current ripple. Consequently, it reduces the bus voltage ripple which allows working with reduced bus capacitances. The input current harmonic distortion limit must be observed. The power factor correction stage is based on a Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) operating under discontinuous conduction mode (MCD) for both topologies. The power control (PC) stage is performed by a Buck converter for the SEPIC-Buck topology and by a Ćuk converter for the SEPIC-Ćuk topology. These PC converters present output current source behavior, suitable for LED application. Two LED driver prototypes are implemented and the results present high efficiency and a 50% current ripple on the LED. Furthermore a simple dimming strategy is proposed and implemented.
Este trabalho apresenta uma análise e projeto para duas topologias de circuito de acionamento para Diodos Emissores de Luz (LED) utilizando conversores estáticos integrados com o objetivo de evitar a utilização de capacitores eletrolíticos. Considerando a baixa vida útil dos capacitores eletrolíticos, se comparada à dos LEDs, as topologias buscam reduzir a capacitância de barramento tornando possível a utilização de capacitores de maior vida útil, aumentando a vida útil do sistema como um todo. Um controlador Proporcional Integral é projetado para reduzir a ondulação na corrente de saída. Consequentemente, a ondulação da tensão de barramento é reduzida permitindo o uso de capacitâncias de barramento reduzidas. O limite da distorção harmônica da corrente de entrada deve ser observado. O estágio de correção do fator de potência é baseado no Conversor com Indutância Simples no Primário (SEPIC) operando no modo de condução descontínuo (MCD) para ambas as topologias. O estágio de controle de potência (PC) é realizado por um conversor Buck para a topologia SEPIC-Buck e por um conversor Ćuk para a topologia SEPIC-Ćuk. Os conversores do estágio PC apresentam característica de fonte de corrente na saída, conveniente para a utilização de LEDs. Dois protótipos para circuitos de acionamento para LEDs são implementados e os resultados apresentam alta eficiência e uma ondulação de 50% na corrente dos LEDs. Além disso, um circuito de controle da intensidade luminosa de bastante simplicidade é proposto e implementado.
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Alemayehu, Amare Eshetu. „Analysis of HCV Coinfections among Newly Diagnosed HIV Cases in Germany“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22502.
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In Anbetracht der enormen Verbesserung der HCV-Therapie durch die Entwicklung hochwirksamer und direkt wirkender Virostatika (DAA) dient diese Studie der Analyse von HCV-Koinfektionen unter den gemeldeten HIV-Neudiagnosen in Deutschland. Zunächst wurde die Eignung zweier kommerzieller HCV Ag/Ab ELISAs, dem Murex (Abbott) und dem Monolisa (Bio-Rad), zum Nachweis von HCV in getrockneten Serumspots (DSS) verglichen. Der Murex-ELISA zeigte sich sensitiver bei Antigen-positiven Plasma-HCV-Serokonversionsproben während der Monolisa eine höhere Sensitivität bei HCV-Antikörper-positiven DSS-Eluaten. Des Weiteren wurde ein Aviditätstest zur Unterscheidung von neuen und bereits länger bestehenden Infektionen bei einem Aviditätsindex Cut-off von 40% und einem Zeitraum von 364 Tagen etabliert. Von den insgesamt 6.097 untersuchten Proben der Jahre 2015-2017 waren 396 HCV-ELISA-reaktiv (6,5%). Von diesen wurden 256 (64,6%) als aktive und 140 (35,4%) als ausgeheilte Infektionen identifiziert. Ein hoher Anteil der HCV-Koinfektionen wurde bei intra-venösen Drogenkonsumenten (77,8%, n=168/216), in der Altersgruppe der 30-39 Jährigen (9%, n=179/1.978) und bei Menschen osteuropäischer Herkunft (38,3%, n=124/324) beobachtet. Im Vergleich zum Jahr 2016 hat sich der Anteil der ausgeheilten Infektionen im Jahr 2017 bei der Gesamtzahl der Patienten (p<0,01) sowie insbesondere bei Personen ausländischer (p<0,01) und osteuropäischer (p<0,05) Herkunft erhöht. Die HCV Subtypen (St)-1a, St-3a und St-1b waren mit 33,9% (n=79/233), 33,5% (n=78/233) und 23,3% (n=52/233) vorherrschend. Der Anteil der St-1a- und St-1b-Proben, deren HCV-Sequenz gegen DAAs resistent ist, war in allen untersuchten Jahren hoch (25%-42,9%). Der beobachtete Anstieg des Anteils der ausgeheilten HCV-Koinfektionen kann auf die DAA-Therapie zurückgeführt werden. Es sind jedoch weitere Anstrengungen erforderlich, damit Gruppen mit weiterhin hoher HCV-Prävalenz von dieser Behandlung profitieren.In light of the major shift in HCV therapy resulting from the availability of highly potent direct acting antivirals (DAA), this study performed a surveillance of HCV coinfections among reported HIV new diagnoses in Germany. First the suitability of two HCV Ag/Ab ELISAs, Murex (Abbott) and Monolisa (Bio-Rad) for dried serum spots (DSS) was compared. The Murex was more sensitive in antigen positive plasma HCV seroconversion samples while the Monolisa showed a higher sensitivity in HCV antibody positive DSS eluates. Furthermore, an avidity test was established to distinguish between new and already longer existing infections at an avidity index cut-off of 40% and a period of 364 days. Of the total of 6,097 samples examined for the years 2015-2017, 396 were HCV ELISA reactive (6.5%). Of these, 256 (64.6%) were identified as active and 140 (35.4%) as resolved infections. A high proportion of HCV coinfections were observed in intravenous drug users (77.8%, n=168/216), in the age group 30-39 years (9%, n=179/1,978) and in people of Eastern European origin (38.3%, n=124/324). Compared to 2016, the proportion of resolved infections in 2017 has increased in the total number of patients (p<0.01) and especially in people of foreign (p<0.01) and Eastern European (p<0.05) origin. HCV subtypes (St)-1a, St-3a, and St-1b were predominant with 33.9% (n=79/233), 33.5% (n=78/233) and 23.3% (n=52/233), respectively. The proportion of St-1a and St-1b samples whose HCV sequence has resistance to DAAs was high in all diagnoses years (25%-42.9%). The observed increase in the proportion of resolved HCV coinfections can be attributed to DAA therapy. However, further efforts are needed to ensure that groups with continued high HCV prevalence benefit from this treatment.
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Wang, Siao-Shan, und 王筱姍. „Neighboring-cation Substitution-driven Remote-controlled Activator in CaAlSiN3:Eu Lattice“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29531826784786139109.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
101
Red phosphors with high efficiency in general, and those with excellent intrinsic property in particular, excited by ultraviolet or blue light-emitting diodes are significant white light sources for our daily life. Nitride-based phosphors, such as Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ and CaAlSiN3:Eu2+, are commonly more red-shifted in photoluminescence and have better thermal/chemical stability than oxides because of high covalency. Cation substitutions are usually performed to optimize photoluminescence and thermal quenching behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear in most cases. Hence, we show that neighboring-cation substitution systematically controls temperature-dependent photoluminescence behavior in CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ lattice. The trivalent cation substitution at the Ca2+ site degrades the photoluminescence in high temperature environment, but the substituted cation turning monovalent achieves better thermal stability. The Neighboring-cation control of lifetime decay is also observed. A remote control effect that guides Eu2+ activators in selective Ca2+ sites is proposed for neighboring-cation substitution while compositional Al3+/Si4+ ratio adjusts to the valance of Mn+ (n = 1-3) cation. In this effect, the Eu2+ activators are surrounded with anion clustering neighbored with M3+-dominant and Si4+/Al3+-equivalent coordination when M is trivalent (e.g La3+), but shift to the site where surrounded anion clustering neighbor with M+-dominant and Si-rich coordination when M is monovalent (e.g Li+). This mechanism can efficiently tune optical properties especially thermal stability and could be general to luminescent materials, which are sensitive to local valence variation in local environments.
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Wang, chun-ting, und 王純婷. „The analysis of carbon emission substituting the airside motor vehicle with LPG driven at Taoyuan International Airport“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48070450923419761007.
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碩士開南大學
觀光運輸學院碩士在職專班
103
Global warming resulted in dramatic climate change. Extreme weather produced various disasters, leading to natural environment severely damaged. Sustainable earth development issue urge government of all countries to pay great attention to energy conserve and carbon reduction. Rapid delivery of the air transportation plays a go-between role in the development of the global economy, however, aviation's carbon emissions and energy consumption is an issue currently the States Government highly value. So far, most of our airport ground equipment vehicles are gasoline and diesel fuel driven. Besides aircrafts, the ground transportation is second in line to carbon emission and ground service equipment is third. When the LPG vehicles was developed back then, the development of LPG vehicles was hindered for the safety doubts, high replacement cost, less selection and LPG gas station. Thus, the acceptanceand development of LPG vehicles is low and slow. However airport is a closed area without the confounding factors listed above. If a LPG gas station was built in the airport, substituting the airside motor vehicle with LPG driven might reduce carbon emission and save cost. The essay study the carbon emission difference between the gas vehicle and LPG driven vehicle of Taoyuan International Airport Services based on IPCC Draft Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, ICAO European aircraft ground support equipment emission factors and the Department of environmental protection public factor database. This essay calculate carbon emission differences and fuel costs reduction between oil and LPG driven cars owned by Taoyuan International Airport Services. According to the calculation in the essay, within Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, those airside motor vehicles replaced by LPG driven can reduced 1476.27 ton of CO2 , about 13%.In addition, the analysis of Taoyuan International Airport services shows that if all ground equipment vehicles replaced by LPG driven, the fuel cost could be saved up to 83.17%, and carbon emissions could be reduced more up to 88.25%.Thesuggestions for airport management authorities would be the following measures. (1) As soon as possible declared emission reduction target and established airport air quality management plans, (2) Coordinate with the oil company to have a LPG gas station (3) Award GSE operaters in Taoyuan International Airport who substitute with LPG vehicles or new purchased gas equipment, (4) Taoyuan International Airport company should replace shuttle buses with LPG vehicles and substitute the company’s motor with LPG vehicles.
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Chung-Ho, Chang, und 張忠合. „The analysis of carbon emission substituting the airside motor vehicle with electrically driven at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37013025749196445877.
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碩士開南大學
觀光運輸學院碩士在職專班
102
Air transportation plays an important role in the global economic development, while issues of carbon emission and energy consumption have always been paid great attention towards by governments of all countries. Severe climate change has been caused by global warming, as well as the damages to ecological system; energy conservation and carbon reduction have developed their importance in the world’s sustainable development. Fuel-tank trucks are majorly used as ground service cars at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (TTIA), which is second in line to carbon emission after aircrafts. With the ever-changing technology, concentration of carbon dioxide has rapidly increased at TTIA; climate change, melting ice on the poles and the rising sea level, all of have deteriorated the global ecological system and environment. When electric vehicle (EV) was developed back then, it was designed to ease energy crisis; now, it is promoted for the environmental issue. The development of the vehicle was hindered for its poor durability, high cost of batteries, and the unfamiliar recharging system, thus, the popularity and demand were low. However, with the considerable numbers of vehicles needed and purchased by TTIA and the numerous recharging stations, TTIA does not suffer from the disadvantages listed above. Battery is the key technology of the electric vehicles, the common batteries used: lead acid, nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron battery, are too heavy in weight; the yet-to-be developed storage battery, plastic battery, still has technological problems that need to be overcome; and the fuel cells need costly noble metal as catalyst. Thus, this study uses the IPPC (IPPC Draft Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) Tier 1 and Tier 2 annual measurements of those airside gas grounds service cars as bases, to evaluate the cabin emission of all ground service cars used by the TIAS (Taoyuan International Airport Service Taiwan Inc. All Rights Reserved), prior and after the substitution. Further more, the results found in the study are used to assess the feasibility of the substitution and the rate of decrease in carbon emission of electric vehicles. As a result of the substitution, the rate of decrease could reach almost 50% per annum, that is from 16,275 to 8,251 tons.
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„Data Driven Personalized Management of Hospital Inventory of Perishable and Substitutable Blood Units“. Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62802.
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abstract: The use of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) is a pillar of modern health care. Annually, the lives of hundreds of thousands of patients are saved through ready access to safe, fresh, blood-type compatible RBCs. Worldwide, hospitals have the common goal to better utilize available blood units by maximizing patients served and reducing blood wastage. Managing blood is challenging because blood is perishable, its supply is stochastic and its demand pattern is highly uncertain. Additionally, RBCs are typed and patient compatibility is required.
This research focuses on improving blood inventory management at the hospital level. It explores the importance of hospital characteristics, such as demand rate and blood-type distribution in supply and demand, for improving RBC inventory management. Available inventory models make simplifying assumptions; they tend to be general and do not utilize available data that could improve blood delivery. This dissertation develops useful and realistic models that incorporate data characterizing the hospital inventory position, distribution of blood types of donors and the population being served.
The dissertation contributions can be grouped into three areas. First, simulations are used to characterize the benefits of demand forecasting. In addition to forecast accuracy, it shows that characteristics such as forecast horizon, the age of replenishment units, and the percentage of demand that is forecastable influence the benefits resulting from demand variability reduction.
Second, it develops Markov decision models for improved allocation policies under emergency conditions, where only the units on the shelf are available for dispensing. In this situation the RBC perishability has no impact due to the short timeline for decision making. Improved location-specific policies are demonstrated via simulation models for two emergency event types: mass casualty events and pandemic influenza.
Third, improved allocation policies under normal conditions are found using Markov decision models that incorporate temporal dynamics. In this case, hospitals receive replenishment and units age and outdate. The models are solved using Approximate Dynamic Programming with model-free approximate policy iteration, using machine learning algorithms to approximate value or policy functions. These are the first stock- and age-dependent allocation policies that engage substitution between blood type groups to improve inventory performance.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Industrial Engineering 2020
Bücher zum Thema "Drives substituting"
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Zewdu, Getnet Alemu. Aid-driven import substitution and the agriculture-industry nexus: Conceptualising the aid-growth relationship in Ethiopia. Maastricht: Shaker Pub., 2002.
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Macpherson, Fiona, Hrsg. Sensory Substitution and Augmentation. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266441.001.0001.
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Sensory substitution and augmentation devices are built to try to replace or enhance one sense by using another sense. For example, in tactile–vision, stimulation of the skin driven by input to a camera is used to replace the ordinary sense of vision that uses our eyes. The feelSpace belt aims to give people a magnetic sense of direction using vibrotactile stimulation driven by a digital compass. This volume brings together researchers—neuroscientists, psychologists and philosophers—who are developing these technologies, studying the minds and behaviour of subjects who use them. There is a particular focus on the nature of the perceptual experiences, the sensory interactions, and the changes that take place in the mind and brain over time that occur while using and training to use these technologies. Essays address the nature, limits and possibilities of sensory substitution and augmentation, how they might be used to help those with sensory impairments, and what they can tell us about perception and perceptual experience in general.
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Rez, Peter. Electrical Power Generation: Fossil Fuels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0004.
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Nearly all electrical power is generated by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. In most cases, the coil is turned by a steam turbine operating according to the Rankine cycle. Water is boiled and heated to make high-pressure steam, which drives the turbine. The thermal efficiency is about 30–35%, and is limited by the highest steam temperature tolerated by the turbine blades. Alternatively, a gas turbine operating according to the Brayton cycle can be used. Much higher turbine inlet temperatures are possible, and the thermal efficiency is higher, typically 40%. Combined cycle generation, in which the hot exhaust from a gas turbine drives a Rankine cycle, can achieve thermal efficiencies of almost 60%. Substitution of coal-fired by combined cycle natural gas power plants can result in significant reductions in CO2 emissions.
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Engle, Marty M. Strange Matter/Includes No Substitutions/the Midnight Game/Driven to Death/a Place to Hide/Last One In/Bad Circuits. Brilliance Corp, 1995.
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Smith, Kenneth M. Desire in Chromatic Harmony. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923426.001.0001.
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Of the many composers in the Western classical tradition who celebrated the marriage between psyche and sound, those explored in this book followed the lines diverging from Wagner in philosophizing the nature of desire in music. This book offers two new theories of tonal functionality in the music of the first half of the twentieth century that seek to explain its psychological complexities. First, the book further develops Riemann’s three diatonic chord functions, extending them to account for chromatic chord progression and substitution. The three functions (tonic, subdominant, and dominant) are compared to Jacques Lacan’s twin concepts of metaphor and metonymy, which drive the apparatus of human desire. Second, the book develops a technique for analyzing the drives that pull chromatic music in multiple directions simultaneously, creating a libidinal surface that mirrors the tensions of the psyche found in Schopenhauer, Freud, and the post-Freudians Lacan, Lyotard, and Deleuze. The harmonic models are tested in psychologically challenging pieces of music by post-Wagnerian composers. From the obsession with death and mourning in Suk’s Asrael Symphony to an exploration of “perversion” in Strauss’s Elektra, from the post-Kantian transcendentalism of Ives’s Concord Sonata to the “Accelerationism” of Skryabin’s late piano works, and from the Sufi mysticism of Szymanowski’s Song of the Night to the failed fantasy of the American dream in Copland’s The Tender Land, the book cuts a path through the dense forests of chromatic complexity and digs deep into the psychological makeup of post-Wagnerian psychodynamic music.
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Sorensen, Roy A. Semantic Paradoxes. Herausgegeben von Michael Glanzberg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557929.013.26.
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All abstracts over-simplify. But the truth is close to the following: the ancient Greeks, true to stereotype, pioneered semantic paradoxes. There was no indigenous awareness of them east of the Euphrates River. They emerged piecemeal from the Greek love of irony and holistically from the Greek ambition to encompass the whole Truth. After the Greeks there is mostly regress until Thomas Aquinas. After a couple of outstanding centuries, there is decline until twentieth-century advances in logic. These advances have been consolidated by the computer revolution. We are now in an unusual stage of history in which semantic paradoxes have become part of popular consciousness. Sophistication with these paradoxes has been driven by concerted theorizing about truth. Generalizations about truth purport to be true—making the theories naturally self-referential. This circularity can be eliminated by substituting infinity. But infinity also generates paradox, albeit through paths that have only recently been explored.
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Rez, Peter. Energy and Society. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0002.
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The more ‘developed’ the country and the higher the ‘standard of living’, the greater the energy use per person. Energy use can be broken down into three main categories—maintaining a comfortable environment in buildings, transportation of people and things and manufacturing stuff. More energy per person is used in colder countries than in warmer ones. Also, countries where people drive large cars over longer distances every year (United States, Canada and Australia) use more oil per person than European countries. Carbon dioxide emission is related to how much oil is used per person, and how electricity is generated. If a lot of electricity is generated from coal power stations, this will result in higher carbon dioxide emissions. As France has shown, substitution of coal by nuclear power results in a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
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Knights, Paul, und John O'Neill. Consumption and Well-being. Herausgegeben von Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer und David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.45.
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Environmental problems driven by unsustainable consumption are lending new importance to an ancient question: are there bounds to the goods required for a happy or flourishing life? A standard assumption in recent economics is that there are no such bounds. Many further argue that markets, technological change, and resource substitution can deliver sustainability while allowing consumption of final goods by consumers to increase. This chapter criticizes this approach and considers two much older traditions, the Epicurean and Aristotelian, which do recognize the existence of limits to the goods required for the good life. Their revival has been used to argue that consumption can be reduced without loss of well-being. This chapter argues that the promise found by environmentalists in the recent hedonic revival of the Epicurean tradition is misplaced, and that the Aristotelian tradition provides a richer account of why the future—and therefore consuming sustainably—matters to our well-being.
Buchteile zum Thema "Drives substituting"
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Korovin, Konstantin, Marek Kos̆ta und Thomas Sturm. „Towards Conflict-Driven Learning for Virtual Substitution“. In Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, 256–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10515-4_19.
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Krishna, Vaidya, Kargathara Afsana und C. K. Kumbharana. „Pixel Value Differencing of Image Steganography in Substitution Technique: A Survey“. In Data Driven Approach Towards Disruptive Technologies, 9–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9873-9_2.
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Pyeon, Cheol Ho. „Neutronics of Lead and Bismuth“. In Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, 177–213. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_7.
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AbstractCross-section uncertainties of Pb and Bi isotopes could consequently affect the precision of nuclear design calculations of preliminary analyses, before the actual operation of upcoming ADS, since Pb and Bi are composed partly of coolant material (lead-bismuth eutectic: LBE) in ADS facilities. The main characteristics of LBE in ADS are recognized as follows: chemically inactive; high boiling point mechanically; excellent neutron economy caused by large scattering cross sections. From the viewpoint of neutronics, LBE exerts considerable impact on nuclear design parameters for numerical simulations of neutron interactions of Pb and Bi isotopes. As a suitable way of investigating cross-section uncertainties, sample reactivity worth measurements in critical states are considered effective with the use of reference and test materials in a zero-power state, such as a critical assembly, because integral parameter information on cross sections of test materials can be acquired experimentally. For the required experimental study on Pb and Bi nuclear data uncertainties, the sample reactivity worth experiments are carried out at the KUCA core by the substitution of reference (aluminum) for test (Pb or Bi) materials, and numerical simulations are performed with stochastic and deterministic calculation codes together with major nuclear data libraries.
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Sachs, Anna-Lena. „Data-Driven Order Policies with Censored Demand and Substitution in Retailing“. In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 57–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13305-8_5.
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„Data-Driven.Primitives.and.Ciphers.Based.on.Controlled. Substitution–Permutation.Networks“. In Data-driven Block Ciphers for Fast Telecommunication Systems, 91–128. Auerbach Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420054125-10.
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Cooter, Robert D., und Ariel Porat. „Lapses and Substitution“. In Getting Incentives Right. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151595.003.0005.
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This chapter deals with lapses of attention, for example by a driver or a doctor, and explains how a negligence rule gives injurers an incentive to substitute activities with unavoidable accidents for activities with lapses. Under current tort law, a lapse of attention will always be considered negligence and trigger liability for the resulting harm. However, the chapter shows that it should not be the case. After providing an overview of lapse defenses in prevailing law, the chapter examines the openness of liability law to the lapse defense and some activities that substitute unavoidable harm for lapses. It also explains how a lapse defense is implemented and shows how the lapse defense dampens inefficient substitution and increases collection of supporting information.
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„How to Read the Substitution Drills“. In Spoken Pangasinan, 13–19. University of Hawaii Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv9hvspb.7.
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„Data-Driven Primitives and Ciphers Based on Controlled Substitution–Permutation Networks“. In Data-driven Block Ciphers for Fast Telecommunication Systems, 69–105. Auerbach Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420054125.ch3.
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Pirmatov, Khabibullo, Jana Galova und Elena Horska. „Value-Added Agriculture for Central Asian Countries“. In Establishing Food Security and Alternatives to International Trade in Emerging Economies, 135–54. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2733-6.ch007.
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The goal of this chapter is to analyze the socio-economic role of value-added agriculture (VAA) for Central Asian (CA) countries. The agricultural sector of the region provides raw materials for the food, textile, and leather industry. Cotton, wheat, rice, and fruit (fresh and dried) play an important role in the foreign trade of each CA country. These countries have unrealized potential for storing, freezing, processing, and packaging of the wide nomenclature of fruit, food production, and drinks with the organization of their further exports to perspective markets. Adding value to agricultural products lead to increasing the share of finished goods in export, supplying import-substituting products, improving infrastructure in rural areas, providing new jobs, and growing farmers' income. Based on the analysis, the authors recommend using value-added agriculture for the CA countries by attracting domestic and foreign investments to rural areas, establishing tax incentives, and allocating preferential credits for agribusiness.
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Lombe, Wilfred C. „Local Content in Zambia—a Faltering Experience?“ In Mining for Change, 422–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0019.
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At independence in 1964, Zambia inherited an economy driven by copper mining. This has not changed despite post-independence policies to industrialize and diversify the economy. This chapter traces the role of local content in Zambia’s mining sector in supporting industrialization and economic diversification. It assesses productive linkages and manufacturing competitiveness during the import-substitution industrialization and post-1991 liberalization and privatization periods, and the adequacy of the current policy environment. Despite diminished productivity and export competitiveness during import-substitution industrialization, that era was successful in terms of domestic manufacture of mining goods. Privatization and liberalization stymied local content capabilities, retarding industrialization and economic diversification. Post-2000 policies emphasize local content development and export competitiveness. Their success, however, depends on addressing continuing weaknesses in the regulatory environment; human and technological capital; endogenous entrepreneurship; and the macroeconomic environment.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Drives substituting"
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Neubauer, Andreas, Karl-Martin Fritsch und Alfred Elsasser. „Optimized electromagnetic and manufacturing design for a BLDC-motor substituting rare earth magnets“. In 2016 6th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edpc.2016.7851335.
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Paulini, Reinaldo Machado, und Luis Fernando Gonc¸alves Pires. „Optimizing Energy in ORBEL II Oil Pipeline“. In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10465.
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Energy is the major operating expense in a pipeline company. There is considerable incentive to optimize energy utilization to reduce losses as much as possible. This article presents a study of the process and economic effects of substituting traditional pressure control valves by medium voltage frequency variable drives in the ORBEL II oil pipeline. Three drive configurations were chosen and their implementation costs were investigated. Pipeline flow simulation software was used to study the process effects of the drive configuration applications and to calculate the amount of energy spent using control valves and using velocity variable control systems. The differences in energy savings were quantified in financial terms using energy supply contract data and operational data. Finally, an investment analysis was carried out in respect of the energy savings and an estimation of overall implantation costs of the drives.
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Dianov, Anton, Namsu Kim, Youngkwan Kim und Seungmoo Lim. „Substitution of the Universal Motor drives with electrolytic capacitorless PMSM drives in home appliances“. In 2015 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE-ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpe.2015.7167995.
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Zhang, Qihuan, Changsong Ma, Yiran Luo und Zhenyu Luo. „Green Supply Chain Perishable Products Pricing: Considering Price-Driven Substitution“. In Inernational Conference of Logistics Engineering and Management 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412602.0181.
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Litvin, Faydor L., und David H. Kim. „Computerized Design and Generation of a Helical Gear Drive in Substitution of a Worm-Gear Drive“. In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0074.
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Abstract The design and generation of a gear drive formed by an involute helical gear and an involute worm is considered. Such a drive is applied as a low-power one in substitution of a conventional worm-gear drive. The authors have developed the geometry of the drive, simulated the meshing and contact via a computer program, and have developed the design of the grinding (cutting) wheel for generation of the worm. A numerical example is provided for illustration of the developed theory.
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Groger, M., W. Sepp und G. Hirzinger. „Structure driven substitution of specular reflections for realtime heart surface tracking“. In rnational Conference on Image Processing. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2005.1530243.
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Prokopec, Aleksandar, Gilles Duboscq, David Leopoldseder und Thomas Wirthinger. „An Optimization-Driven Incremental Inline Substitution Algorithm for Just-in-Time Compilers“. In 2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cgo.2019.8661171.
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Litoriya, Ratnesh, Narendra Sharma und Abhay Kothari. „Incorporating Cost driver substitution to improve the effort using Agile COCOMO II“. In 2012 CSI Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering (CONSEG). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conseg.2012.6349494.
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Kobzeva, N. D., R. S. Durov, E. V. Varnakova und K. O. Kobzev. „ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC DRIVE AND METHODS OF THEIR SOLUTION“. In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.737-739.
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The article deals with the issues of remote control of electrical complexes mainly wireless type. The classification of underground BDU systems by the type of information transmission channel is presented. The analysis of BP sensitivity on the basis of the phase substitution scheme and its mathematical description is carried out. In conclusion, the actual task of developing algorithms for identifying parameters and currents of the rotor of three-phase AD is outlined
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Gershuni, A. N., A. P. Nishchik, V. G. Razumovskiy und I. L. Pioro. „On Efficient Passive Cooling of Control Rod Drivers“. In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16449.
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Experimental research of natural convection and the ways of its suppression in an annular vertical channel to simulate the conditions of cooling the control rod drivers of the reactor protection system (RPS) in its so-called wet design, where the drivers are cooled by primary circuit water supplied due to the system that includes branched pipelines, valves, pump, heat exchanger, etc., is reported. Reliability of the drivers depends upon their temperature ensured by operation of an active multi-element cooling system. Its replacement by an available passive cooling system is possible only under significant suppression of natural convection in control rod channel filled with primary coolant. The methods of suppression of natural convection proposed in the work have demonstrated the possibility both of minimization of axial heat transfer and of almost complete elimination of temperature non-uniformity and oscillation inside the channel under the conditions of free travel of moving element (control rod) in it. The obtained results widen the possibilities of substitution of the active systems of cooling the RPS drivers by reliable passive systems, such as high-performance heat-transfer systems of evaporation-condensation type with heat pipes or two-phase thermosyphons as heat-transferring elements.