Dissertationen zum Thema „Driver’s conduct“
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Maxera, Pavel. „Analýza chování řidiče při řešení situací spojených s přecházením chodců přes vozovku“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRomis, Monica. „Beneth corporate codes of conduct : what drives compliance in two Mexican garment factories“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 141-144).
This thesis addresses the question: under what conditions do corporate codes of conduct work? To answer this question, I develop two case studies of subcontracting factories that are subject to a multinational company's (MNC) code of conduct. These two factories have many similarities-both are in Mexico, both are in the apparel industry, and both produce for the same MNC. In addition, on the surface, they appear to have similar labor practices. They have comparable policies vis-à-vis their workers in terms of recruitment, promotion system, grievance system, and benefits. However, upon conducting fieldwork at the plants, I found that, despite similarities on paper, there are significantly differences in actual labor conditions. One factory complies with the code of conduct and the other does not. I argue that the code of conduct, and other similar policies, are "filtered" by the management, which results in different labor conditions. Four factors influence the way managers treat their workers and interact with the MNC external labor markets, product markets, cultural and language conditions inside the plants, and values of management. These factors influence the management style of the plants and their relationship with the MNC, which result in different implementation of the same policies, and, in turn, different labor conditions.
by Monica Romis.
M.C.P.
Corneloup, Valentin. „Apprentissage et évaluation des compétences de conduite de haut niveau en réalité virtuelle : utilisation des simulateurs de conduite pour mesurer et développer les compétences perceptives et cognitives des conducteurs novices“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this work is to gather knowledge about how higher order driving skills are acquired during first times of autonomous driving, as well as of how virtual reality and simulation tools can be used for assessment and learning of those skills fornovice drivers. Access to driving is an important step toward emancipation for young adults. However, young drivers are 3 to 4 times more likely to die in a car accident compared to older drivers (McCartt, Shabanova, & Leaf, 2003). This higher risk decreases rapidly during the first 6 to 8 months, or thousand of miles of autonomous driving (Gregersen et al., 2000; McCartt et al., 2003). During those first times, novice drivers would acquire safety and efficiency crucial higher order driving skills (Hatakka et al., 2002). Higher Order Driving skills include perceptive and cognitive skills that are necessary for assessment of (perception, comprehension, projection) and decision making in, normal and/or risky driving situations (Deery, 1999). Those skills are by far the most involved in novice drivers' higher risk (Braitman et al., 2008). Plus, they are quite overlooked during driver training (Assailly, 2013, 2016). Three studies have been conducted for our objective. A first paradigme uses semi-directed interviews with novice drivers (study 1) to show that perceptive and cognitive skills are acquired through a "learning by doing" process during the first moments of autonomous driving. Characteristics of involved situations include dynamic, complex and somewhat unexpected events. A second paradigm including a full-scale simulator and oculometry (study 2), uses this kind of situations to assess drivers perceptive and cognitive skills. Results show the importance of context in skills measurements. Indeed, different types of situations involve different types of perceptive and cognitive skills. Results also identify novel indicators of skills acquisition that permits precise measurements of decision-making driving skills. A last paradigm uses a medium-fidelity simulator to compare two learning protocols of perceptive and cognitive skills. Results show that simple, immediate retroactions, using textual explanations of learning situations, are effective for skills improvement. Based on these results, recommendations will be produced to improve driving simulator's efficiency for training. On a theoretical standpoint, this work first increases knowledge about learning mechanisms of higher order driving skills. Second, this work also suggests several updates of perceptive and cognitive skills models
Marie, Dit Asse Laetitia. „Régulation de la conduite automobile chez les femmes et les hommes âgés“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract With increased life expectancy comes an aging of the population, and creates new societal challenges. One challenge of demographic aging is to maintain the independence and mobility of seniors for as long as possible. Today, and likely for decades to come, the private automobile is often the mainstay of personal mobility. Driving a car remains a complex activity, requiring sensory and functional capacities, and also certain cognitive capacities. But the aging process causes a progressive deterioration of these various capacities. In spite of which seniors remain under-represented in road trauma statistics! This can be explained by senior drivers adapting they driving habits in favor of better safety. Typical adaption strategies aim to reduce their exposure to traffic dangers, by driving less and by avoiding at-risk situations, ending up by not driving at all. Available study-reports suggests that such a strategy of adaption occurs progressively, as a reaction to the aging process, and so is accentuated by aggravation of a driver's deficiencies. This literature also suggests that the adaption process may occur differently for men and for women. The aim of the current study has been to further investigate the process of adaption, for senior men and women. Taking into account the decline of sensory, physical and cognitive capacities and with particular attention to the periods just before and after the onset of geriatric senility. Hence we establish that women adapt more their driving habits, and sooner too but for no obvious reason, whilst men tend to adapt in closer correlation with their state of health. As there are many women who have stopped driving already before senility, senility is not then a major influence on the distances they drive nor the situations they avoided, but rather impacts directly the decision to stop driving. Regarding cognitive deficiencies, they influence the adaption process right from the start, both for men and for women, but do not explain that women cease to drive long before a significant decline has occurred. Certain other factors influence the strategies of adaption for both men and women alike, whilst there are still other factors having a specific effect either on men or else on women. Our work in this study has led to a better understand of the adaption process (of driving habits by seniors), as a whole, and for men and women separately. A possible follow-on would be to investigate the impact that ceasing to drive then has, probably different, on the lives of men and of women
Ntawiniga, Frédéric. „Head Motion Tracking in 3D Space for Drivers“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25229/25229.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents a computer vision module capable of tracking the head motion in 3D space for drivers. This computer vision module was designed to be part of an integrated system to analyze the behaviour of the drivers by replacing costly equipments and accessories that track the head of a driver but are often cumbersome for the user. The vision module operates in five stages: image acquisition, head detection, facial features extraction, facial features detection, and 3D reconstruction of the facial features that are being tracked. Firstly, in the image acquisition stage, two synchronized monochromatic cameras are used to set up a stereoscopic system that will later make the 3D reconstruction of the head simpler. Secondly the driver’s head is detected to reduce the size of the search space for finding facial features. Thirdly, after obtaining a pair of images from the two cameras, the facial features extraction stage follows by combining image processing algorithms and epipolar geometry to track the chosen features that, in our case, consist of the two eyes and the tip of the nose. Fourthly, in a detection stage, the 2D tracking results are consolidated by combining a neural network algorithm and the geometry of the human face to discriminate erroneous results. Finally, in the last stage, the 3D model of the head is reconstructed from the 2D tracking results (e.g. tracking performed in each image independently) and calibration of the stereo pair. In addition 3D measurements according to the six axes of motion known as degrees of freedom of the head (longitudinal, vertical and lateral, roll, pitch and yaw) are obtained. The validation of the results is carried out by running our algorithms on pre-recorded video sequences of drivers using a driving simulator in order to obtain 3D measurements to be compared later with the 3D measurements provided by a motion tracking device installed on the driver’s head.
Gallardo, Mesa Cristóbal Enrique. „Identificación de clientes con patrones de alta interacción con los drivers de una tarjeta de crédito“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138961.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIngeniero Civil Industrial
El mercado del plástico crediticio se caracteriza por ser altamente competitivo y relevante al transar junto al débito, montos cercanos al 14% del PIB chileno, lo que ha generado constantes ofertas hacia los usuarios para incentivar el uso y gasto. Particularmente en la empresa a trabajar se ofrecen como incentivos (1) compras con cuotas, (2) acceso a promociones y (3) el canje en un club de puntos, caracterizados internamente como los drivers de la tarjeta de crédito. Estos drivers son relevantes de gestionar por que un 30% de las transacciones son realizadas con cuotas o descuentos, así como que el 35% de los clientes llega a niveles de canje, aumentando en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la empresa no conoce que tipo de cliente usa la tarjeta por un determinado incentivo. Por esta razón se generaron KPI que midieran la intención de uso de drivers, perfilando cerca de 300 mil clientes de alta interacción con cuotas y promociones, y cerca de 430 mil con el club de puntos, distribuidos en un diagrama de Venn. Con esta distribución se realizaron modelos de caracterización, obteniendo un mejor desempeño en puntos al capturar el 32% de los clientes en el mejor decil, seguido por cuotas con un 24% y en peor desempeño promociones con un 19%. Los principales resultados apuntan a perfiles distintos, donde (1) puntos son clientes con características de poder económico, uso de la página web y acumulación en rubros de la competencia directa, ejemplificado en que alguien que acumula en estos rubros es 1,83 veces más probable a tener una alta interacción que el resto. De manera contraria, (2) cuotas apunta a un bajo poder económico, nulo ingreso a la web y edad superior a 35 años, mientras que (3) promociones son menores de 30 años, con poder económico medio y un uso oportunista de la tarjeta. Posteriormente se extendió el análisis de puntos hacia principales líneas de premios, obteniendo además de perfiles más específicos, el efecto circulo virtuoso que los clientes canjean premios muy correlacionados a los rubros de acumulación. Finalmente se propuso gestionar a 660 mil clientes de baja interacción que el modelo señaló con los mejores lifts. Con esta acción se espera generar un gasto incremental de $12 MM, que es un 6,35% del gasto anual. Además se propone una gestión al largo plazo de los clientes, que en concordancia con los resultados, incentiven a los clientes con estos drivers según su etapa de vida y evolución económica, primero ofreciendo promociones y posteriormente puntos o cuotas.
Bergh, Victor. „Exploring the value drivers of industrial consultancy services in the age of digitalization : A study conducted in association with Sweco Industry“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78772.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Haouij Neska. „Biosignals for driver's stress level assessment : functional variable selection and fractal characterization“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS191/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe safety and comfort in a driving task are key factors of interest to several actors (vehicle manufacturers, urban space designers, and transportation service providers), especially in a context of an increasing urbanization. It is thus crucial to assess the driver’s affective state while driving, in particular his state of stress which impacts the decision making and thus driving task performance. In this thesis, we focus on the study of stress level changes, during real-world driving, experienced in city versus highway areas. Classical methods are based on features selected by experts, applied to physiological signals. These signals are preprocessed using specific tools for each signal, then ad-hoc features are extracted and finally a data fusion for stress-level recognition is performed. In this work, we adapted a functional variable selection method, based on Random Forests Recursive Feature Elimination (RF-RFE). In fact, the biosignals considered as functional variables, are first decomposed using wavelet basis. The RF-RFE algorithms are then used to select groups of wavelets coefficients, corresponding to the functional variables, according to an endurance score. The final choice of the selected variables relies on this proposed score that allows to quantify the ability of a variable to be selected and this, in first ranges. At a first stage, we analyzed physiological signals such as: Heart Rate (HR), Electromyogram (EMG), Breathing Rate (BR), and the Electrodermal Activity (EDA), related to 10 driving experiments, extracted from the open database of MIT: drivedb, carried out in Boston area. At a second stage, we have designed and conducted similar city and highway driving experiments in the greater Tunis area. The resulting database, AffectiveROAD, includes, as in drivedb, biosignals as HR, BR and EDA and additional measurement of the driver posture. The developed prototype of the sensors network platform allowed also to gather data characterizing the vehicle internal environment (temperature, humidity, pressure, sound level, and geographical coordinates) which are included in AffectiveROAD database. A subjective stress metric, based on driver video-based validation of the observer’s annotation, is included in AffectiveROAD database. We define here the term stress as the human affective state, including affect arousal, attention, mental workload, and the driver’s perception of the environment complexity. The functional variable selection, applied to drivedb, revealed that the EDA captured on foot followed by the BR, are relevant in the driver’s stress level classification. The RF-RFE method along with non-expert based features offered comparable performances to those obtained by the classical method. When analyzing the AffectiveROAD data, the posture and the EDA captured on the driver’s right wrist emerged as the most enduring variables. For both databases, the placement of the EDA sensor came out as an important consideration in the stress level assessment. A deeper analysis of the EDA was carried out since its emergence as a key indicator in stress level recognition, for the two databases. This is consistent with various human physiology studies reporting that the EDA is a key indicator of emotions. For that, we investigated the fractal properties of this biosignal using a self-similarity analysis of EDA measurements based on Hurst exponent (H) estimated using wavelet-based method. Such study shows that EDA recordings exhibits self-similar behavior for large scales, for the both databases. This proposes that it can be considered as a potential real-time indicator of stress in real-world driving experience
Bishnoi, Hemant. „Behavioral EMI-Models of Switched Power Converters“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23936.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePh. D.
Abrashov, Sergey. „Étude et modélisation du conducteur pour la conception de systèmes d’assistance à la conduite“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0558.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDriving comfort and safety are the main points of interest for the automotive industry. Many research projects were realized in order to improve them and to reduce the number of road accidents. The measures seem to be effective : in France, for example, the number of fatal accidents decreases by 11% on average each year. According to recent studies, 90% of these accidents are caused by the human factor. As a consequence, it becomes necessary to take the driver into account during the design of driving assistance systems. An assistance based on the control sharing between the driver and the automatic pilot is one of the main topics of research and a way to improve safety. It has now become possible to recover a very large amount of information on the environment and to achieve intelligent interaction between the various actors in the traffic. Existing technologies even allow imagining a completely autonomous driving in a more distant horizon. In such a situation, an adequate algorithm is required to replace the human driver.The main interest of this research is the interaction between the driver and the driver assistance algorithm. It is essential to know and to understand the behavior of the humanin his / her way to control the vehicle and to make a decision. Therefore, his model is necessary. Moreover, it is essential to develop a design method for such assistance systems on the basis of these driver models
Marouane, Hela. „Contribution à la modélisation des applications temps réel d'aide à la conduite“. Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) manage an important volume of data that must be updated regularly. However, ADAS don't store, nor manage efficiently these data. For these reasons, we propose to integrate a real-time (RT) database system into ADAS. The integration of the RT database system allows improving the fault tolerance, reducing the number of transactions and minimizing their response time. The management of a lot of data makes these systems complex, thus, their design is highly difficult. To tackle this problem, we have proposed three patterns based on the pattern development process. This process allows defining the steps to follow in order to determine the functionalities and the requirements of the driver assistance domain on one hand, and defining the unification rules for the generation of the UML class and sequence diagrams, on the other hand. In order to represent these patterns, we have proposed UML-RTDB2 profile, which allows (i) expressing the variability of patterns, (ii) representing the real time constraints and the non functional properties and (iii) identifying the role played by each pattern element in a pattern instance. Once the proposed patterns are created, they can be reused by designers to model a specific application. For this reason, we have proposed a process to assist the applications designers when instantiating the patterns solutions. Finally, we have evaluated these patterns based on two categories of metrics
Paris, Jean-Christophe. „Ingénierie cognitive pour l'aide à la conduite automobile de la personne âgée : analyse et modélisation de l'activité de conduite en situation naturelle pour la conception de fonctions de monitorage“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0425/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis in Cognitics presents a Human Centered Design approach for thedevelopment of future driving assistance systems dedicated to elderly drivers orElderly Adapted Driver Assistance Systems (E-ADAS).To do so, this work relies on a multi-disciplinary approach for data collection andanalysis. Regarding Ergonomics, the aim is to better understand the specificrequirements of this population in order to identify their actual difficulties and actualneeds of assistance. In this frame, 76 drivers (aged from 70 to 87 years old) took partto an on-the-road experiment, driving an instrumented car. The dataset includes2100 km of ecological driving data and 1400 auto-evaluated driving situations,completed by 6 Focus Groups (involving 30 elderly drivers).The second part of this research, relying on Cognitive Engineering, explores thedesign and implementation of monitoring functions based on the aforementioneddataset. The objective is to have real-time models and analytical functions, able to:(1) supervise the driving activity as realized by an elderly driver, (2) taking in toconsideration the driving context or situational risks (3) in order to detect difficulties ordriving errors. Beyond this thesis, these diagnostics will have to be integrated inassistive systems to better adapt their support to the specific needs of elderly drivers.Specific monitoring functions related to basic vehicle control (speed management,lane positioning and headway regulation) are presented. Based on these results,integrated monitoring functions for intersection crossings in Left-Turn manoeuver,highway merging assistance, and, more broadly, lane change assistance areintroduced
Prat, Genis Francesc Xavier. „Prevalença i factors psicosocials associats a les conductes distractores més freqüents dels conductors“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672183.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes distraccions en la conducció representen un risc important per a la seguretat viària. En aquesta tesi es va investigar com de freqüents són i la possible relació entre dur-les a terme i diverses variables psicosocials utilitzant dues metodologies diferents: observació i autoinformes. D’una banda, es va observar que el 19% dels conductors feien algun comportament de distracció, essent parlar amb passatgers, fumar, i parlar pel telèfon mòbil sense mans lliures els tres més freqüents. De l’altra, els comportaments de distracció més freqüentment informats en entrevistes cara cara eren mirar quelcom a l'exterior del vehicle (92.1%), pensar en coses no relacionades amb la conducció (90.1%) i manipular l’aparell d’àudio (89.9%). Fer les diverses distraccions estava significativament associat a la norma social descriptiva percebuda. A més, els conductors referien més accidents i quasiaccidents en relació a distraccions mundanes com ara estar distret pel propi pensament que en relació a distraccions tecnològiques
Programa de Doctorat en Psicologia, Salut i Qualitat de Vida
Agostino, Claire d'. „Modélisation de comportements de conducteurs réalistes pour l'estimation de l'efficacité énergétique durant le développement des véhicules poids-lourds“. Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRealistic driver behavior modeling for energy efficiency estimation during heavy-trucks vehicles development Abstract: In the context where fuel consumption is a growing cost center, fuel consumption of a truck coupled with its average speed is one of the key vehicle characteristics that needs to be optimized and accurately estimated during the truck design process. Consequently, we aim to create different driver behavior models for testing trucks regarding fuel consumption and average speed issues, i.e., rational driving. We propose a two-step method to model more accurately driving behavior: first, the identification of driving events through driving features. Second, the quantification of three different driving behaviors on the recognized driving events. Then we implement our results in a tool that creates these different driving behaviors. The output of this tool is a cycle adapted to a driver type in terms of fuel consumption and average speed, and that can be used in simulation and on chassis-dynamometer. The classification of driving events reaches classification rates between 74% and 91% depending on the events. We believe that they are sufficient for our application due to the raw nature of driving events and the similarities between the different classes. We also obtain promising results concerning the correlation between driving features and rational driving index. We focus especially on typical events, namely roundabout on extra-urban roads, toll on highways and stop on urban roads. The results of the developed tool prove to be efficient since we can now simulate different driving behaviors. On our test run in simulation, adapting only 10% of the events of a cycle produces fuel savings of 1.5% and an average speed which is 3% faster for an efficient driver than a non-efficient driver. These results are promising and we need to implement other events in the future
Morand, Audrey. „Commande asssitée au conducteur basée sur la conduite en formation de type "banc de poissons"“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0335/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSwarm behavior refers to individuals travelling in a group and using only localknowledge of their environment.The scientific objective of the thesis is to implement this type of behaviormodel to vehicles traveling on road, in order to assist the driver in his actions for bothits comfort and security.From a literature review, a prioritization strategy was set up to create anAdvanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). At first, it is to generate a path from thistype of model that respects the motorway constraints. Then, vehicle dynamics istaken into account in order to transmit to the driver through cruise control and hapticfeedback steering wheel, both based on the CRONE control, maneuvers needed tofollow this trajectory. Finally, the driver assistance system is not only implemented ona dynamic driving simulator to gather driver’s feelings but it is also implemented intraffic simulation software to evaluate gains obtained for a set of equipped vehicles
Benoit, Dana. „Older and younger drivers' perceived workload when driving with adaptive equipment = La charge de travail perçu par des conducteur jeunes et âgés : lors de la conduite automobile avec des aides techniques“. Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101706.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis comprises two studies comparing older and younger drivers' perceived workload when driving with adaptive devices. First, workload ratings in normal driving were compared to ratings while driving using hand-controls to activate the vehicle's pedals. Significant increases in workload were observed for younger and older drivers. The second study evaluated the effect of driver-training on workload, comparing ratings prior to and following three hours of training. Although training was effective in reducing workload, seniors' scores did not return to baseline levels as did the younger drivers', and gender differences were observed. Clinically, the studies support the need for training. Age and gender may impact training-response.
Halit, Lynda. „Simulation d’un Affichage Tête Haute - Réalité Augmentée pour l’aide visuelle à la conduite automobile“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHead-Up Display is the emerging solution for visual aid while driving a car, especially during reduced visibility conditions, such as bad weather or when the road is poorly lighted. The HUD device allows to project virtual information in the central field of view of the driving scene, enabling the driver to keep his attention on the road. The visual perception of the driver is therefore augmented, with a coexistence between the real and virtual world. However, it is necessary to ensure an optimal setting in order to guarantee the good perception of the virtual information, and allow drivers to take appropriate actions at the right moment. This thesis project is dedicated to study three important parameters: (1) The Driver Head Motion Parallax, (2) AR projection distance, (3) visibility conditions. An experimental approach has been implemented, with the selection of two AR visual metaphors for driving aid. Three experimentations with real subjects have been realized in Renault’s driving simulators, where the three factors have been integrated progressively. The AR-HUD was simulated virtually and embedded in the virtual driving scene. This allowed to realize subjective and objective analysis to progressively study: the impact of the PMC, the link with the projection distance, and the influence of visibility conditions. The aim of this multidisciplinary work is an attempt to understand how AR information if perceived by the driver, and the influence on driver behavior and performance
Hallett, Charlene. „Test de mesure de l'impact de la distraction du conducteur : développement, administration et évaluation partielle“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis describes the outcomes of an ambitious doctoral research program that carried out the initial critical steps in the design, development, and evaluation of a driver distraction impact assessment test (DDIAT). The purpose of this test has been to assess the impact driver distraction has on driving performance and driver behaviour. The thesis also describes the critical steps, beyond the scope of this thesis, that remain to be carried out in order to fully validate and implement the complete DDIAT proposed in this thesis. As part of the DDIAT proposed in this thesis, three Drives (Drive 1, 2, and 3) were designed and created from basic attention principles and by using a complex experimental design. Drive 1 and Drive 2 were implemented in an urban driving environment and included traffic light conditions that were designed to resemble real world traffic light conditions. Furthermore, Drive 1 included gap acceptance events in which participants had to make a crucial and important decision when selecting a gap to turn left though an oncoming stream of vehicles. Drive 2 included various car following instances and lead vehicle braking events, whereby participants had to react suddenly to avoid a frontal collision. Lastly, Drive 3 was designed to implicitly measure situation awareness on a highway driving environment – but was outside of the scope of the thesis to investigate. Drive 1 and Drive 2 were evaluated in an experiment implemented in an advanced driving simulator. The results from this evaluation experiment showed that both Drive 1 and Drive 2: a) represent real world driving (i.e., have content and face validity); b) are capable of measuring the impact of driver distraction; and c) are capable of distinguishing between the impact on driving of two secondary tasks (one visual/manual, the other auditory/cognitive). In conclusion, the work completed as part of this thesis provided a first and important step towards the development of a complete DDIAT that overcomes the shortcomings of previous tests and tools and also provides the beginnings of a standardised method to assist in overcoming the inconsistencies that exist across studies in the measurement of driver distraction
Nie, Qiong. „Cumulative methods for image based driver assistance systems : applications to egomotion estimation, motion analysis and object detection“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112095/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is based on the detection of objects from an onboard moving camera by exploiting the monocular approach "c-velocity". This method is inspired by the method called "v-disparity" used in stereovision: both methods aim at detecting objects by approximating objects into plans with different orientations. Such approximation can avoid to estimate the depth in monocularvision. These two approaches, monocular and binocular, allow to transform the complex objet détection problem into a more simple parametric forms (eg. lines) detection in a new space, where these formes can be easily extracted using Hough Transform.The “c-velocity”, to make it effective, requires an accurate computation of optical flow and a good estimation of the focus of expansion (FOE) location. Therefore, we have studied the existing approaches of optical flow estimation and arrived at the conclusion that none of them is really powerful especially on the homogeneous regions such as road surface. In addition, the optical flow estimation methods also struggle to provide a good estimate in the case of huge displacement in the areas close to the camera. We propose in this thesis to exploit both a 3D model of the scene and a rough estimate about the vehicle speed from other integrated sensors. Using a priori knowledge allows to compensate the dominant optical flow and to facilitate the estimation of the rest part by a classical approach. In addition, three different approaches are proposed to detect the focus of expansion. Among them, we propose a novel method for estimating FOE by leveraging the flow norm and the scene structure from an inverse “c-velocity“ process. In addition to improve these preliminary steps, we also propose an acceleration and optimization of the “c-velocity“ algorithm by a multi-thread implementation. Finally, we propose a modification to the original “c-velocity“ approach in order to anticipate a possible cooperation motion/stereo, proposed in perspective, with the “v-disparity“ approach
Ghasemi, Navid. „Improvement of the driving simulator control and comparison between driver-road-vehicule interaction in real and simulated environment“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe related research activities were carried out in collaboration with the University of Bologna, Paris-Est University and Gustave Eiffel University (IFSTTAR) in the form of a cotutelle PhD. The activities are divided into two macro areas ; the driving simulation studies conducted in Gustave Eifel University (IFSTTAR) and on-road experiments organized by the University of Bologna. The first part of the research is focused on improving the physical fidelity of the two DOF driving simulator with particular attention to motion cueing and vehicle dynamics model. The vehicle dynamics model has been developed in MATLAB-Simulink and has the ability of real-time calculation of the vehicle states and control the motion platform. During this phase of the research, motion cueing algorithms were developed to control the simulator movements and the effect of the motion cues on drivers’ behaviour was analysed through experimentation. The results of these studies are discussed in the case studies I and II. In the second part of the research, the driver performance and visual behaviour were studied on the road under different scenarios. The driver visual behaviour was recorded with the use of a head mounted eye-tracking device, while the vehicle trajectory was registered with an instrumented vehicle equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS). During this phase, several case studies were developed to monitor drivers’ behaviour in the naturalistic environment. Case study III aims to integrate the traditional road safety auditing with an innovative driver behaviour monitoring system. The real road experiment with drivers was carried out in an urban arterial road in order to evaluate the proposed approach through innovative driver monitoring techniques. These same driving monitoring instruments were used for evaluating the improvement of a pedestrian crossing at the roundabout in case study IV. The eye-tracking data were evaluated in both studies in order to identify a driver visual attention indicator based on the participants gaze position and duration. Significant attention is given to the safety of vulnerable drivers in urban areas during the naturalistic driving behaviour study. Case study V analyzed the driver yielding behaviour in approach phase to a bicycle priority crossing with the use of surrogate safety measures. The drivers’ performance measures such as perception reaction time and gaze behaviour were used to assess the safety level of the crossing equipped with standard and innovative signalling systems. The improvement on the driver’s yielding behaviour towards an un-signalized crossing during night-time and their reaction to an integrated lighting-warning system was evaluated in the case study VI. The last phase of the thesis is dedicated to the study of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with on-road and simulator experimentation. The on-road experimentation investigated the driver assistant system influence on the drivers' adaptation with objective and subjective assessment, in which an eye tracking instrument and EEG helmet were used to monitor the drivers on a highway. The results are presented in Case studies VII and VIII and drivers’s visual attention was reduced due to adaptation to the ACC in the car following scenario. The results of the on-road test were later used to reproduce to the same scenario in the driving simulator and the adaptation of drivers’ behaviour with the use of ACC was confirmed through experimentation
Chretien, Benoît. „Simulation of a new automotive concept based on a centralized approach for driver assistance system activation decision“. Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, to enhance traffic safety, more and more Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are embedded in mass-production vehicles. Their increase renders development of vehicles more and more complex, especially to design Electronic and Electric (E/E) architecture, to synchronize the different embedded ADAS and decide which ADAS should be engaged. To cope with E/E architecture issues, my PhD thesis proposes a vehicle simulator, which is able to support architect designers. Then, to solve synchronization and decision problems, ADAS architecture has been chosen, according to the state of the art. Finally, a decision algorithm has been developed to optimise vehicle safety. To model the vehicle, a simulator emulates its plane motion according to embedded actuators acting on dynamic, like engine and brakes. Once the vehicle basis has been performed, I focus my work on ADAS. Because nowadays no generic solution exists to decide which ADAS to engage, last focus of my PhD has been the design of a decision method, optimizing vehicle safety. This latter couples a path-planning witch a Lyapunov invariant set, obtained through optimization problem constraints by bilinear matrix inequality. This strategy enables to assess embedded ADAS-functions and to warn the driver in critical situations. In order to illustrate this former, it has been illustrated with 2 longitudinal functions, a Adaptive Cruise Control and an Emergency Brake
Guo, Chunshi. „Conception des principes de coopération conducteur-véhicule pour les systèmes de conduite automatisée“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiven rapid advancement of automated driving (AD) technologies in recent years, major car makers promise the commercialization of AD vehicles within one decade from now. However, how the automation should interact with human drivers remains an open question. The objective of this thesis is to design, develop and evaluate interaction principles for AD systems that can cooperate with a human driver. Considering the complexity of such a human-machine system, this thesis begins with proposing two general cooperation principles and a hierarchical cooperative control architecture to lay a common basis for interaction and system design in the defined use cases. Since the proposed principles address a dynamic driving environment involving manually driven vehicles, the AD vehicle needs to understand it and to share its situational awareness with the driver for efficient cooperation. This thesis first proposes a representation formalism of the driving scene in the Frenet frame to facilitate the creation of the spatial awareness of the AD system. An adaptive vehicle longitudinal trajectory prediction method is also presented. Based on maneuver detection and jerk estimation, this method yields better prediction accuracy than the method based on constant acceleration assumption. As case studies, this thesis implements two cooperation principles for two use cases respectively. In the first use case of highway merging management, this thesis proposes a cooperative longitudinal control framework featuring an ad-hoc maneuver planning function and a model predictive control (MPC) based trajectory generation for transient maneuvers. This framework can automatically handle a merging vehicle, and at the mean time it offers the driver a possibility to change the intention of the system. In another use case concerning highway lane positioning and lane changing, a shared steering control problem is formulated in MPC framework. By adapting the weight on the stage cost and implementing dynamic constraints online, the MPC ensures seamless control transfer between the system and the driver while conveying potential hazards through haptic feedback. Both of the designed systems are evaluated through user tests on driving simulator. Finally, human factors issue and user’s perception on these new interaction paradigms are discussed
Pravossoudovitch, Karyn. „Hommes au volant, femmes au volant : l'influence des stéréotypes de sexe sur les comportements de conduite déclarés et effectifs“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe activity of driving is marked by numerous sex differences, especially with regard to behaviour and road accidents. The present doctoral research aims at understanding the role of sex stereotypes specific to driving in explaining these differences. Therefore, the objective of the research work is to analyse the impact of sex stereotypes associated with driving (SSAD) on self-reported or actual behaviour on a task relating to driving. The analysis will take into account the psycho-social factors likely to influence this impact, and will also study the impact of the context on those relationships due to the deterrent effect of the stereotype. This doctoral work thus shows that adherence to SSAD has an impact on self-reported driving behaviour; for example, whatever the sex, adherence to SSAD associated to sex is linked to more frequent reporting of typical driving behaviour for this sex. Moreover, the research highlights the fact that the protective factor of violation behaviour is, among men, the adoption of feminine values, and, among women, a sense of competence as a driver. Finally, this research work shows that those stereotypes come into play in actual behaviour when it comes down to carrynig out a task relating to driving, but that the effects are different depending on the instructions (whether threatening or not) and the tasks to be carried out. As a conclusion, this doctoral research indicates that the different driving behaviours are not only due to differences in sex natural abilities, but they can also be explained by socially constructed cultural beliefs relating to driving sex differences
Daniel, Jérémie. „Trajectory generation and data fusion for control-oriented advanced driver assistance systems“. Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608549.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePetit-Boulanger, Claire. „Apport des études expérimentales en conduite automobile dans la mise en place d’une formation à la sécurité routière lors d’interactions avec les systèmes d’aide“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10335/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDriving is one of the few activities which require both training and initial examination, but for which there are neither critical situation testing nor regular refresher courses. This creates two key problems: Through a lack of knowledge of the driving aids and safety systems offered by car manufacturers, drivers may fail to use or may misuse them in normal driving situations; secondly, an emergency situation may become critical if the driver has not previously experienced it in controlled conditions. The aim of this study was to check novice and experienced drivers’ ability to use the driving aids and safety systems proposed for vehicle longitudinal control in both nominal and critical situations. Trials were carried out in the field, on tracks and on driving simulators. The uniqueness of the study comes from combining driver behaviour and performance measurements to best correspond to the attention and workload observed when drivers were subjected to these situations. We therefore favoured the use of continuous physiological measures, and in particular electrodermal activity. The results enabled us to conclude that the use of these systems in critical situations was often inappropriate and necessitated a high workload. These conclusions led to the development and deployment of two training programmes in order to compensate for the lack of knowledge and misuse of the driving aids and safety systems
Tamisier, Damien. „La communication engageante au service d'une problématique de sécurité routière : la réduction de la vitesse des conducteurs de deux-roues motorisées“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0497.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpeed is a major road safety issue and is identified as one of the main risk factors for accident rate and aggravation of two-wheelers drivers (2WD) injuries. Road safety campaigns resorting persuasive communication which seeks to change the attitude of road users in order to impact behaviour showed contrasting effects. Considering the strength of 2W drivers' attitudes towards speed allows reporting on the limitations of persuasion which encouraged a paradigmatic renewal through the adoption of an alternative methodology.The articulation of knowledge accumulated in the field of persuasive communication with that of the insights drawn from the theory of commitment has given rise to the development of a new combinatorial approach. The binding communication proposes to precede the exhibition with a persuasive message of an inexpensive and systematically accepted act by all individuals. The optimization of this protocol consists in determining the preparatory act and persuasive message making it possible to increase the acceptance rate of the problematic target request.Overall, our research studies tend to confirm the superior effectiveness of binding communication over the persuasive communication with regards to many criteria: intention, behavioral amplitude and self-reported behaviors. Besides, the binding communication seems to attest to its influence on actual speed behavior, if not related to riding style of motorcyclists
Phan, Minh Tien. „Estimation of driver awareness of pedestrian for an augmented reality advanced driving assistance system“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2280/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAugmented reality (AR) can potentially change the driver’s user experience in significant ways. In contrast of the AR applications on smart phones or tablets, the Head-Up-Displays (HUD) technology based on a part or all wind-shield project information directly into the field of vision, so the driver does not have to look down at the instrument which maybe causes to the time-critical event misses. Until now, the HUD designers try to show not only basic information such as speed and navigation commands but also the aids and the annotations that help the driver to see potential dangers. However, what should be displayed and when it has to be displayed are still always the questions in critical driving context. In another context, the pedestrian safety becomes a serious society problem when half of traffic accidents around the world are among pedestrians and cyclists. Several advanced Pedestrian Collision Warning Systems (PCWS) have been proposed to detect pedestrians using the on-board sensors and to inform the driver of their presences. However, most of these systems do not adapt to the driver’s state and can become extremely distracting and annoying when they detect pedestrian. For those reasons, this thesis focuses on proposing a new concept for the PCWS using AR (so called the AR-PCW system). Firstly, for the «When» question, the display decision has to take into account the driver’s states and the critical situations. Therefore, we investigate the modelisation of the driver’s awareness of a pedestrian (DAP) and the driver’s unawareness of a pedestrian (DUP). In order to do that, an experimental approach is proposed to observe and to collect the driving data that present the DAP and the DUP. Then, the feature-based algorithms, the data-driven models based on the discriminative models (e.g. Support Vector Machine) or the generative models (e.g. Hidden Markov Model) are proposed to recognize the DAP and the DUP. Secondly, for the «What» question, our proposition is inspired by the state-of-the-art on the AR in the driving context. The dynamic bounding-box surrounding the pedestrian and the static danger panel are used as the visual aids. Finally, in this thesis, we study experimentally the benefits and the costs of the proposed AR-PCW system and the effects of the aids on the driver. A fixed-based driving simulator is used. A limited display zone on screen is proposed to simulate the HUD. Twenty five healthy middle-aged licensed drivers in ambiguous driving scenarios are explored. Indeed, the heading-car following is used as the main driving task whereas twenty three pedestrians appear in the circuit at different moment and with different behaviors. The car-follow task performance and the awareness of pedestrian are then accessed through the driver actions. The objective results as well as the subjective results show that the visual aids can enhance the driver’s awareness of a pedestrian which is defined with three levels: perception, vigilance and anticipation. This work has been funded by a Ministry scholarship and was carried out in the framework of the FUI18 SERA project, and the Labex MS2T which is funded by the French Government, through the program ”Investments for the future” managed by the National Agency for Research (Reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02)
Van, Box Som Annick. „Des sciences humaines aux sciences de l’ingénieur : comportements humains, activités finalisées et conception de systèmes d’assistance à la conduite de véhicules industriels“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20105/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDriving a truck is a complex professional activity that takes place in a dynamic and constant changing environment. It needs a specific learning and it is set in a strict regulated framework including French labour code (Code du travail) as road regulation. Strong spatio-temporal pressure should be added to those characteristics. These constraints entail to drivers the use of operative strategies to achieve the main objective of their activity: respect of delivery time in optimal conditions of safety, security and productivity.This thesis deals with the contribution of cognitive psychology to the design of driving assistance systems for trucks. Works are intended to integrate, from the design of new systems, the demands of human cognitive functioning in real situation and the needs and expectations of drivers so that adapted and usable technological solutions could be proposed to them.Applied part shows two major dimensions of truck driving activity: productivity through the issue of the eco-driving assistance (“Conduite Economique Assistée, ADEME- RENAULT TRUCKS” project) and safety through the issue of the assistance to detection and protection of vulnerable road users (“VIVRE2, ANR-PREDIT05-LUTB” project).From a scientific point of view, the thesis ends with a proposal of a model of human functioning in finalized activities, of which is added an adapted model of the truck driving activity. The analysis performed in real environment enhance knowledge, on the one hand, on the applied driving strategies to the eco-driving of a truck in extra-urban environment and, on the other hand, on the components of the activity of drivers doing deliveries in urban environment. Moreover, works performed in VIVRE2 project allowed to specify representations and risky behaviours of vulnerable users with relation to trucks in town.From an applicative and ergonomic point of view, works on driving dynamic simulator allowed the evaluation of an innovative man-machine interface which could be adapted to eco-driving and the proposal as well as the evaluation of assistance systems to guarantee safety of vulnerable users during low speed manoeuvres in urban environment
Lu, Shuxian. „Modélisation et validation expérimentale de concept de Détection Vidéo Coopérative destiné à un système stéréo anticollision inter-véhicule“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112154/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis was devoted to the development of a new detection method for vehicular collision avoidance system based on trajectory measurement, which could contribute to driver assistance systems.In order to obtain high detection probability, we have chosen the cooperative stereoscopic video solution: the cooperation between vehicles makes it easier and more reliable when they aim to detect each other. There are two participants in the system: the “system carriers" vehicles, or the " followers" are equipped with stereoscopic cameras (two image sensors), who belong to high speed technology families; the "targets" vehicles are equipped with modulated LED lights, with the modulation frequency being already known by the "followers". After space-time filtering, the system detects the signals emitted bymodulated lights sources, which greatly reduces the amount of information to be processed comparing to traditional trajectory calculations methods. The detection of modulated light is achieved by filtering based on digital image processing, which is adapted to the desired modulation frequency. We have proposed three types of filters suitable for detecting the modulation at this frequency and at the same time for rejecting the background as well as possible.In order to be able to evaluate the performances of both detecting signals and rejecting false alarms, we first performed numerical simulations based on the model signals, then calculations on real signals acquired in static and driving experiments. The tested speeds were from 30km/h up to 100km/h, which allowed us to analyze the signals emitted from vehicle lights as well as the behavior of our filters under different angular velocities of the lights (zero, low and high). The result of these experiments showed that our method of filtering could detect LED-type DRL lights up to 140m without any false alarm. This is essential to define more precisely the values of thresholds of such systems. We have also evaluated technologies that are possible to improve system performance in the future, which are not yet ready to be used in industry productions. For example, artificial "retinas" could allow us to integrate analog filters in the chips, and thus to reduce bandwidth of the filters
Douissembekov, Evgueni. „Analyse des besoins des conducteurs âgés et des adaptations mises en œuvre lors de la réalisation de manœuvres à basses vitesses“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne cannot imagine driving without parking manoeuvres since they mark the beginning and the end of each trip. However, physiological and cognitive decline with ageing can increase the difficulty of parking manoeuvring. Our study is organized in two stages. Firstly, a postal survey investigated the parking behaviour among seniors. It provided information about parking habits, needs and difficulties of older drivers. An approach based on Manchester Driving Behaviour Questionnaire lead us to classify four types of parking errors. We also identified factors contributing to the difficulty of parking manoeuvring.Secondly, we studied parking manoeuvring with experimental vehicle and in a driving simulator. In order to examine attentional processes during manoeuvres, we used the MAM model of attention. The salience and the relevance of elements present in the parking were modified. Parking performance was also examined in relation to drivers’ age and their attentional and visual abilities. The salience and the relevance of parking environments interacted with driver’s age and the extent of their total, peripheral and attentional field of view. Drivers with restricted total, peripheral field or attentional field of view can meet more difficulty during manoeuvres when they must share their attention in complex parking environment. A highly salient obstacle can be more easily detected by these drivers. In the presence of a pedestrian, the difficulty of manoeuvring can increase among drivers with restricted total, peripheral field or attentional field of view and decrease among drivers without such restriction. Further research should provide more information on strategies adopted by older drivers during manoeuvring
Salameh, Nadeen. „Conception d’un système d’alerte embarqué basé sur les communications entre véhicules“. Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAM0016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the last recent years, ADAS systems such as collision warning, tracking, night vision and navigation systems have been developed. The development of these systems has witness eda growing importance, as they are expected to help improving both road safety and traffic efficiency. More over, they have an ability to enhance the communication between the road infrastructure and the vehicle or between vehicles for safer and efficient transportation services such as : embedded advance collision, collision avoidance and automatic control. In addition,given the rapidly increasing interest in wireless communications, cooperative ADAS define anew framework of autonomous inter vehicular communication which operates on the assumption that such vehicles consist of a multitude of coordinated advanced sensory technologies.Sensors acquire real-time data about road conditions to help the driver respond effectively by sending appropriate messages between vehicles. In addition, these data help to assess the performance of ADAS in the context of improving driver behavior. It is necessary to set some main metrics such as inter-vehicle distance, driver reaction time and time to collision. The messages are transmitted to drivers using vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) which are a specific type of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks hold the promise to contribute to safe and more efficient roadways.In this thesis we proposed a new methodology of development to prototype ADAS. This methodology dedicated to cooperative ADAS drove us to implement a new simulated frameworkof prototyping system. This framework combines the data from three models : Geo-localizationGPS, vision and V2V communication towards an application of anti-collision warning system. A major problem in communicating ADAS systems is the quality and robustness of the communication.It depends on a large number of parameters that must be modeled to assess there liability of these systems. We developed a new prototyping system based on the principle ofaugmenting the reality in which we can replay actual data and change settings of communication environment. The GPS data and routing protocols were crucial elements for V2V model simulation into ns-2 simulator. We have performed real tests on the experimental prototyping platform LaRA. Multiple results are presented to show up the constancy of the method and the performance efficiency of real-time multi sensors in an integrated framework for collision avoidance applications. Results of this research have shown that IVCs simulations system provides enhanced data for the verification of features of new ADAS. The results of routing protocols simulation with real-time location data are integrated in the new developed prototype. The implementation of the system warning was used to estimate the number of pre-collisions detected in both real and simulated situations. The difference between these two situations was studied and analyzed for several scenarios corresponding to different road situations
Kang, Yue. „Sensor-based navigation for robotic vehicles by interaction of human driver and embedded intelligent system“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2291.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents an approach of cooperative navigation control pattern for intelligent vehicles in the context of human-vehicle interaction, in which human driver and autonomous servoing system cooperate for the purpose of benefiting from mutual advantages of manual and auto control. The navigation of the vehicle is performed in parallel by the driver and the embedded intelligent system, based on the perception of the environment. The cooperative framework we specify concerns the analysis and correction of the human navigation gestures by the intelligent system for the purpose of performing local navigation tasks of road lane following with obstacle avoidance. The human-vehicle interaction algorithm is based on autonomous servoing components as Visual Servoing (VS) controllers and obstacle avoidance method Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) based on Occupancy Grid, which are supported by the environment perception performed carried out by on-boarded sensors including a monovision camera and a LIDAR sensor. Given the technical/legal impossibility of validating our interaction method on our robotic vehicle (a robotic Renault Zoé), the driver-in-the-loop structures of system are designed for simulative environment of both Matlab and SCANeRTM Studio. In Matlab environment human driver is modeled by a code-based Human Driver Behaviour (HDB) Controller, which generates potential dangerous behaviors on purpose as manual control of the cooperative system. In SCANeR Studio environment the HDB is replaced by real-time manual command (a real human driver) via driving interface of this simulator. Results of simulative validation show the feasibility and performance of the cooperative navigation system with respect to tasks of driving security including road lane following, obstacle avoidance and safe distance maintenance
Ameyoe, Ablamvi. „Estimation de la distraction fondée sur un modèle dynamique de conducteur : principes et algorithmes“. Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0271/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDistracted driving is one of the important factors that cause road accidents. The detection of the driver’s state of distraction in the industrial context and at low-cost leads to privilege the indicators based on sensors that are already available on the vehicle. However,current systems are generally not reliable enough, especially because the observed magnitudes to achieve detection are quite far from a purely physiological phenomenon distraction. This led us to propose solutions based on a cybernetic driver model that represent the visual and motor process involved in the lateral control of the vehicle. The parameters of this model have been estimated by conducting successively identification exploiting data packets and recursive identification, the latter allowing to track continuously the parametric evolution over time. Then, three approaches were considered to model or estimate the state of distraction, by modeling alternately thedistraction as a disturbance affecting parameters, the output or the input of the cybernetic model of the driver:Approach 1 - The distraction is modeled as an additive disturbance on the model output. The experimental output, the driver steering wheel torque, is then compared with the predicted steering wheel torque to generate the torque prediction error that is sensitive to the state of distraction.Approach 2 - The distraction is modeled as disturbances that affect the model parameters. The analysis of these parameters identified during normal and distracted driving periods showed that the parameters’ variation depends effectively on the driver’s state of distraction.Approach 3 - Distraction is modeled as an additive disturbance on the input of the model. The estimate of this disturbance is also a significant residue, sensitive to the state of distraction. The principles and algorithms proposed for estimating the state of distraction were validated using experimental data collected during a test campaign conducted on a fixed-base driving simulator, involving 35 drivers. The test conditions alternated normal driving phases and prone to distractions of various kinds: cognitive distractions, visual, visual-motor and motor. The three proposed approaches give similar and consistent results between them
Cattin, Johana. „Consideration of dynamic traffic conditions in the estimation of industrial vehicules energy consumption while integrating driving assistance strategies“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe industrial world, and in particular the automotive industry, is seeking to best represent the real world in order to design tools and products that are best adapted to current challenges and markets, by reducing development times and prototyping costs. With this in mind, the Volvo Group has developed powerful tools to simulate the dynamics of industrial vehicles. These tools allow the optimization of vehicle components or control strategies. Many research activities focus on innovative technologies to reduce the consumption of industrial vehicles and increase the safety of their use in different environments. Particularly, the development of ITS and ADAS is booming. In order to be able to develop these systems, a simulation environment must be set up to take into account the various factors that can influence the driving of a vehicle. The work focuses on simulating the vehicle environment and the interactions between the vehicle and its direct environment, i.e. the vehicle in front of it. The interactions between the vehicle under study and the vehicle in front of it are modelled using mathematical models, called car-following models. Many models exist in the literature, but few of them deals specifically with heavy duty vehicles. A specific focus on these models and their calibration is realized. The vehicle environment can be represented by two categories of parameters: static (intersections, number of lanes) and dynamic parameters (state of the network). From a database of usuals roads, these parameters are computed, then, they are used to automatically generate realist traffic simulation scenarios
Mignerey, Renaud. „Designer les interactions humain-monde pour susciter des émotions positives : application à l’automobile“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2503/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a context of strong competition and regulatory pressures, the vehicles on the market share common characteristics. Even though emotions elicited by the driving experience are a powerful lever for differentiation, manufacturers mainly attach the affective dimension to the stylistic properties of their vehicles. They only consider innovations in a functional perspective and offer their customers similar services without regarding the relational factor underlying the use of a vehicle. However, the literature highlights the importance of the emotional dimension of social relations, which in our opinion represents an opportunity for the Renault Group to differentiate itself by proposing a new driving experience based on interactions between drivers. We began our work with an observation field. Our purpose was to determine the conditions and levers establishing a relationship between road users. On the basis of the first results valuing the mutual perception of two drivers, we carried out a minimalist experiment comparing two modes of perception, namely the perceptive information and theperceptual activity, within the framework of a collaborative action. This study emphasizes the crucial role of interpersonal dynamics on the mechanisms of social understanding: the results show the interest, from an emotional point of view, of accessing to what the other is attentive to. We then used these results to design a device for perception and interaction purposes and we studied its role in the emergence of positive emotions when driving. Through a simulator experiment, we have been able to bring out a new type of driving experience resulting from the manipulation of this device. This thesis is based on a theoretical principle put to the test in a field experiment involving road users. We follow an iterative process specific to a research-project approach. We propose a conceptual realization that is not a purpose but a prerequisite. Based on the fact that driving is in itself a social interaction, we suggest ideas for the design of a new feature integrated into the vehicle which arouses positive emotions between drivers
Mensing, Felicitas. „Optimal energy utilization in conventional, electric and hybrid vehicles and its application to eco-driving“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071383.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamama, Houda. „Impact des situations d’attention partagée sur le traitement de l’information chez les conducteurs novices“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis aims to study the distraction effects on driver performances. While driving, a driver must be able to maintain the vehicle control and also to process the relevant information from the road environment. These abilities can be impaired by the introduction of information and communication systems inside the car which put the driver in dual-task situation and increase the sources of distraction. This work tries to determine how the population of young novice drivers, characterized by a high crash rate (Clarke et al. 2005) and by poorly developed driving skills (Whelan et al. 2004) manages these situations of time sharing.Two experimentations were conducted. The first one, on real road, aims at analyzing the effects of simultaneously use of a navigation system and a mobile phone on the information processing (achieve by analyzing behavior parameters). The second one, in laboratory, aims at completing the first results, by focusing on modalities of research and handling information according to the drivers’ experience (novice or experienced). According to the driving experience, results are ambivalent in terms of information processing during divided attention situations
Fortin, Benoît. „Méthodes conjointes de détection et suivi basé-modèle de cibles distribuées par filtrage non-linéaire dans les données lidar à balayage“. Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerrera, Corral José Armando. „Approche multisensorielle pour la détection comportementale de la baisse de vigilance du conducteur automobile“. Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuthon, Pierre. „Descripteurs d'images pour les systèmes de vision routiers en situations atmosphériques dégradées et caractérisation des hydrométéores“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComputer vision systems are increasingly being used on roads. They can be installed along infrastructure for traffic monitoring purposes. When mounted in vehicles, they perform driver assistance functions. In both cases, computer vision systems enhance road safety and streamline travel.A literature review starts by retracing the introduction and rollout of computer vision algorithms in road environments, and goes on to demonstrate the importance of image descriptors in the processing chains implemented in such algorithms. It continues with a review of image descriptors from a novel approach, considering them in parallel with final applications, which opens up numerous analytical angles. Finally the literature review makes it possible to assess which descriptors are the most representative in road environments.Several databases containing images and associated meteorological data (e.g. rain, fog) are then presented. These databases are completely original because image acquisition and weather condition measurement are at the same location and the same time. Moreover, calibrated meteorological sensors are used. Each database contains different scenes (e.g. black and white target, pedestrian) and different kind of weather (i.e. rain, fog, daytime, night-time). Databases contain digitally simulated, artificial and natural weather conditions.Seven of the most representative image descriptors in road context are then selected and their robustness in rainy conditions is evaluated. Image descriptors based on pixel intensity and those that use vertical edges are sensitive to rainy conditions. Conversely, the Harris feature and features that combine different edge orientations remain robust for rainfall rates ranging in 0 – 30 mm/h. The robustness of image features in rainy conditions decreases as the rainfall rate increases. Finally, the image descriptors most sensitive to rain have potential for use in a camera-based rain classification application.The image descriptor behaviour in adverse weather conditions is not necessarily related to the associated final function one. Thus, two pedestrian detectors were assessed in degraded weather conditions (rain, fog, daytime, night-time). Night-time and fog are the conditions that have the greatest impact on pedestrian detection. The methodology developed and associated database could be reused to assess others final functions (e.g. vehicle detection, traffic sign detection).In road environments, real-time knowledge of local weather conditions is an essential prerequisite for addressing the twin challenges of enhancing road safety and streamlining travel. Currently, the only mean of quantifying weather conditions along a road network requires the installation of meteorological stations. Such stations are costly and must be maintained; however, large numbers of cameras are already installed on the roadside. A new method that uses road traffic cameras to detect weather conditions has therefore been proposed. This method uses a combination of a neural network and image descriptors applied to image patches. It addresses a clearly defined set of constraints relating to the ability to operate in real-time and to classify the full spectrum of meteorological conditions and grades them according to their intensity. The method differentiates between normal daytime, rain, fog and normal night-time weather conditions. After several optimisation steps, the proposed method obtains better results than the ones reported in the literature for comparable algorithms
Zinoune, Clément. „Autonomous integrity monitoring of navigation maps on board intelligent vehicles“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP1972/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral Intelligent Vehicles capabilities from Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) to Autonomous Driving functions depend on a priori information provided by navigation maps. Whilst these were intended for driver guidance as they store road network information, today they are even used in applications that control vehicle motion. In general, the vehicle position is projected onto the map to relate with links in the stored road network. However, maps might contain faults, leading to navigation and situation understanding errors. Therefore, the integrity of the map-matched estimates must be monitored to avoid failures that can lead to hazardous situations. The main focus of this research is the real-time autonomous evaluation of faults in navigation maps used in intelligent vehicles. Current passenger vehicles are equipped with proprioceptive sensors that allow estimating accurately the vehicle state over short periods of time rather than long trajectories. They include receiver for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and are also increasingly equipped with exteroceptive sensors like radar or smart camera systems. The challenge resides on evaluating the integrity of the navigation maps using vehicle on board sensors. Two types of map faults are considered: Structural Faults, addressing connectivity (e.g., intersections). Geometric Faults, addressing geographic location and road geometry (i.e. shape). Initially, a particular structural navigation map fault is addressed: the detection of roundabouts absent in the navigation map. This structural fault is problematic for ADAS and Autonomous Driving. The roundabouts are detected by classifying the shape of the vehicle trajectory. This is stored for use in ADAS and Autonomous Driving functions on future vehicle trips on the same area. Next, the geometry of the map is addressed. The main difficulties to do the autonomous integrity monitoring are the lack of reliable information and the low level of redundancy. This thesis introduces a mathematical framework based on the use of repeated vehicle trips to assess the integrity of map information. A sequential test is then developed to make it robust to noisy sensor data. The mathematical framework is demonstrated theoretically including the derivation of definitions and associated properties. Experiments using data acquired in real traffic conditions illustrate the performance of the proposed approaches
Jugade, Shriram. „Shared control authority between human and autonomous driving system for intelligent vehicles“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2507.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoad traffic accidents have always been a concern to the driving community which has led to various research developments for improving the way we drive the vehicles. Since human error causes most of the road accidents, introducing automation in the vehicle is an efficient way to address this issue thus making the vehicles intelligent. This approach has led to the development of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) functionalities. The process of introducing automation in the vehicle is continuously evolving. Currently the research in this field has targeted full autonomy of the vehicle with the aim to tackle the road safety to its fullest potential. The gap between ADAS and full autonomy is not narrow. One of the approach to bridge this gap is to introduce collaboration between human driver and autonomous system. There have been different methodologies such as haptic feedback, cooperative driving where the autonomous system adapts according to the human driving inputs/intention for the corrective action each having their own limitations. This work addresses the problem of shared control authority between human driver and autonomous driving system without haptic feedback using the fusion of driving inputs. The development of shared control authority is broadly divided into different stages i.e. shared control framework, driving input assessment, driving behavior prediction, fusion process etc. Conflict resolution is the high level strategy introduced in the framework for achieving the fusion. The driving inputs are assessed with respect to different factors such as collision risk, speed limitation,lane/road departure prevention etc in the form of degree of belief in the driving input admissibility using sensor data. The conflict resolution is targeted for a particular time horizon in the future using a sensor based driving input prediction using neural networks. A two player non-cooperative game (incorporating admissibility and driving intention) is defined to represent the conflict resolution as a bargaining problem. The final driving input is computed using the Nash equilibrium. The shared control strategy is validated using a test rig integrated with the software Simulink and IPG CarMaker. Various aspects of shared control strategy such as human-centered, collision avoidance, absence of any driving input, manual driving refinement etc were included in the validation process
Zhou, Dingfu. „Vision-based moving pedestrian recognition from imprecise and uncertain data“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2162/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVision-based Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is a complex and challenging task in real world traffic scenarios. The ADAS aims at perceiving andunderstanding the surrounding environment of the ego-vehicle and providing necessary assistance for the drivers if facing some emergencies. In this thesis, we will only focus on detecting and recognizing moving objects because they are more dangerous than static ones. Detecting these objects, estimating their positions and recognizing their categories are significantly important for ADAS and autonomous navigation. Consequently, we propose to build a complete system for moving objects detection and recognition based on vision sensors. The proposed approach can detect any kinds of moving objects based on two adjacent frames only. The core idea is to detect the moving pixels by using the Residual Image Motion Flow (RIMF). The RIMF is defined as the residual image changes caused by moving objects with compensated camera motion. In order to robustly detect all kinds of motion and remove false positive detections, uncertainties in the ego-motion estimation and disparity computation should also be considered. The main steps of our general algorithm are the following : first, the relative camera pose is estimated by minimizing the sum of the reprojection errors of matched features and its covariance matrix is also calculated by using a first-order errors propagation strategy. Next, a motion likelihood for each pixel is obtained by propagating the uncertainties of the ego-motion and disparity to the RIMF. Finally, the motion likelihood and the depth gradient are used in a graph-cut-based approach to obtain the moving objects segmentation. At the same time, the bounding boxes of moving object are generated based on the U-disparity map. After obtaining the bounding boxes of the moving object, we want to classify the moving objects as a pedestrian or not. Compared to supervised classification algorithms (such as boosting and SVM) which require a large amount of labeled training instances, our proposed semi-supervised boosting algorithm is trained with only a few labeled instances and many unlabeled instances. Firstly labeled instances are used to estimate the probabilistic class labels of the unlabeled instances using Gaussian Mixture Models after a dimension reduction step performed via Principal Component Analysis. Then, we apply a boosting strategy on decision stumps trained using the calculated soft labeled instances. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated on several state-of-the-art classification datasets, as well as on a pedestrian detection and recognition problem.Finally, both our moving objects detection and recognition algorithms are tested on the public images dataset KITTI and the experimental results show that the proposed methods can achieve good performances in different urban scenarios
Chokor, Abbas. „Design of several centralized and decentralized multilayer robust control architectures for global chassis control“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2514.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlobal Chassis Control (GCC) is crucial task in intelligent vehicles. It consists of assisting the driver by several automated functionalities especially for active safety and comfort purposes. Due to the fact that the dynamics of these functionalities are interconnected, thus the awaited performances are sometimes contradictory. Hence, the main task in GCC field is to coordinate the different Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) to create synergies between the interconnected dynamics in order to improve the overall vehicle performance. Several powerful coordination strategies have already been developed either in the academic world or in the industrial one to manage these interconnections. Because the active safety needs are increasing from one side, and the technology that can be embedded into vehicles is evolving, an intense research and development is still involved in the field of global chassis control. This thesis analyzes di_erent dynamics interconnections and develops new several GCC strategies where the Active Front Steering, Active Differential Braking, and the Active Suspensions are coordinated - all together or partially - to improve the vehicle overall performance i.e. the rollover avoidance, the lateral stability, the driving comfort (maneuverability), and the ride comfort. Several multilayer architectures formed by three hierarchical layers are proposed. The lower layer represents the actuators implemented into the vehicle which generate their control inputs based on the orders sent from the middle layer. The middle layer is the control layer which is responsible to generate the control inputs that minimize the errors between the desired and actual vehicle state variables i.e. the yaw, side-slip, roll, pitch, and heave motions, regardless of the driving situation. The higher layer is the decision making layer. It instantly monitors the vehicle dynamics by di_erent criteria, then, it generates weighting parameters to adapt the controllers performances according to the driving conditions i.e. to improve the vehicle's maneuverability, lateral stability, rollover avoidance, and ride comfort. The proposed architectures di_er in the control and decision layers depending on the proposed embedded actuators. For instance, the decision layers di_er in the monitored criteria and the way the decision is taken (fuzzy logic or explicit relations). The control layers di_er in structure, where centralized and decentralized controllers are developed. In the centralized architecture, one single Multi-Input-Multi-Output optimal controller generates the optimal control inputs based on the Linear Parameter Varying (LPV)/H-infinity control technique. In the decentralized architecture, the controllers are decoupled, where the Super-Twisting Sliding Mode (STSM) technique is applied to derive each control input apart. The proposed architectures are tested and validated on the professional simulator « SCANeR Studio » and on a Full vehicle nonlinear complex model. Simulation shows that all architectures are relevant to the global chassis control. The centralized one is optimal, complex and overall stability is guaranteed, while the decentralized one does not guarantee the overall stability, but it is intuitive, simple, and robust
Mangold, Fatin Theresa. „Harmful drinking, depression, and conduct disorder among women involved in an alcohol-related motor vehicle crash a secondary analysis /“. 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1130263722.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFENG, CHAO CHENG, und 趙政豐. „Investigation for Improving Conducted Electromagnetic Interference of Inverter-Fed Motor Drives“. Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03657828486802797916.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
87
The object of this thesis is to investigate the electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem of inverter-fed induction motor drives. It is determined that the pulse width modulation inverter system generates considerable impulse currents through the power leads feeding the system resulting in serious conducted electromagnetic interference problem in the power system. A proposed high frequency mathematical model of the inverter drive system for the propose of evaluation of EMI are developed. Some strategies for reduce electromagnetic interference of the pulse width modulation inverter are then proposed. An experimental measurement system is also developed to verify the proposed methods.
Wang, HungChang, und 王洪諍. „The Effects of Weather and Conductor on Psychological, Physiological Responses and Driving Performance of Male Driver“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31146048595518149971.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國防大學管理學院
資源管理及決策研究所
100
This study is to explore the effect of weather and conductor on driver’s psychological, physiological responses and driving performance. A driving simulator was used and a total of 20 male subjects participated in the study. The independent variables included weather condition (sunny day, foggy day) and vehicle conductor (involved, not involved), the dependent variables included heart rate (HR), driving task complete time and subjective mental workload (NASA TLX). The results showed that the HR was greatest while driving in foggy day without vehicle conductor. When unexpected situation happened (e.g. a barricade was suddenly placed on a road), the HR was lower while driving with vehicle conductor regardless of the weather condition. Moreover, the complete time was shorter, NASA-TLX score was lower and subjective performance satisfaction was greater in the condition of driving with vehicle conductor. Therefore, transforming from single visual channel resource using to both visual and auditory channel resources using would improve the driver’s concentration on road condition and resulted in driver's mental workload and task complete time reduced.
Théorêt, Guillaume. „Différences individuelles quant à la vulnérabilité à la somnolence au volant : une étude sur simulateur de conduite“. Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7450.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHirsch, Pierro. „The relationship between markers of risk-taking tendecies and the first year driving records of young drivers“. Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17774.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHazel, Mylène. „Prédiction des habiletés et habitudes de conduite automobile sécuritaire chez les conducteurs âgés : apport de la neuropsychologie clinique“. Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9779.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increase of crash rates in elderly population can be attributed in some part to the effects of normal aging on cognitive functioning. In the other hand, older drivers are likely to adopt self-regulated driving behaviours, such as driving habits to restrict their exposure to less complex situations. Neuropsychological assessments have shown some efficacy in the field of fitness-to-drive screening of older drivers suffering from neurological disorders. This thesis aims to assess the relevance of clinical neuropsychology in screening methods considering older drivers population. The main goal is thus to study the contribution and the sensitivity of neuropsychological testing in the prediction of skills and habits of safe driving among older drivers. In the same vein, the thesis investigates the role of other socio-demographic and psychological variables. To this end, article 1 evaluates the predictive validity of seven tests of visuo-attentional functions and working memory efficiency in relation to peripheral detection task performances in 50 drivers aged from 62 to 83 years in a simulated car driving environment. The driving simulation consisted of a simple driving condition and a condition including a "hands-free" cell phone distraction task. The results indicate that some neuropsychological tests, as opposed to age, are good predictors of detection performances. In addition, the predictive validity of the tests is more important in the most challenging driving condition. The Corsi Block Tapping test, assessing visuospatial working memory, is revealed as on of the best predictor of detection skills. Article 2 was carried from previous neuropsychological testing and self-administered questionnaires related to avoidance driving behaviours, drivers perceptions and attitudes. The results indicate that individuals who show higher difficulties in tests assessing visuospatial working memory, processing speed, and divided and selective attention capacities are significantly more likely to adopt avoidance driving strategies. The results also demonstrate that driving avoidance is higher among drivers who tend to depreciate their general driving skills, to express a lower perception of control and an unfavourable attitude towards risky driving. Avoidance strategies are thus proven to be self-regulatory responses which are proportionate to cognitive limitations and individual perceptions. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that peripheral detection performances of older drivers in a simulated car study, are well reflected in neuropsychological testing assessing working memory and other attentional abilities. Since detection skills are crucial for driving safety, an indirect link can be established between neuropsychological measures and road safety among older drivers. It also seems that those drivers, who have greater cognitive limitations, are more likely to avoid challenging driving situations, thereby balancing their crash risk. It is concluded that fitness-to-drive assessments based on neuropsychological screening need to be complemented with the assessment of self-regulatory behaviors. In the context of an aging population, new interventions should focus on strengthening self-regulatory behaviors of older drivers.