Zeitschriftenartikel: „Drinking water treatment processes“

1

Wagenet, Linda. „Unit Processes in Drinking Water Treatment“. Journal of Environmental Quality 22, Nr. 3 (Juli 1993): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030038x.

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2

Bouwer, Edward J., und Patricia B. Crowe. „Biological Processes in Drinking Water Treatment“. Journal - American Water Works Association 80, Nr. 9 (September 1988): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03103.x.

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3

Dushkin, S. „CONTACT CLARIFIERS IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES“. Municipal economy of cities 3, Nr. 170 (24.06.2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-3-170-44-52.

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The article deals with the issues of resource-saving technology in the preparation of drinking water on contact clarifiers. One of the methods of water purification from coarse and colloidal contaminants is the method of contact coagulation using aluminum sulfate coagulant. It is advisable to use contact clarifiers in single-stage treatment schemes for low-turbid colored and cloudy-colored waters, when the total content of suspended solids in the water entering the contact clarifiers, including the suspension formed as a result of introducing reagents into the water, does not exceed 150 mg/l. With a higher content of suspended matter in water, the water consumption for washing contact clarifiers increases sharply. To intensify the preparation of drinking water on contact clarifiers, a resource-saving technology is proposed using contact clarifiers using a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution, which makes it possible to: reduce the consumption of coagulants used in water purification, improve the quality of water clarification by weighing substances, and reduce the cost of water treatment. Theoretical prerequisites for improving the operation of contact clarifiers with a modified coagulant solution are considered. The use of a modified coagulant solution allows, without deteriorating the quality of water clarification, to reduce the calculated doses of the coagulant by an average of 25-30%, which confirms the feasibility of using a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution when clarifying water on contact lights. It has been established that the treatment of clarified water with a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution during contact coagulation makes it possible to reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%, the quality of water purification in terms of bacteriological and hydrobiological indicators is much higher than when treating water with a conventional coagulant solution.

4

Payment, Pierre, Robert Armon und Charles P. Gerba. „Virus removal by drinking water treatment processes“. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 19, Nr. 1 (Januar 1989): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643388909388357.

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5

van Schagen, Kim, Luuk Rietveld, Alex Veersma und Robert Babuška. „Control-design methodology for drinking-water treatment processes“. Water Supply 10, Nr. 2 (01.04.2010): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.657.

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The performance of a drinking-water treatment plant is determined by the control of the plant. To design the appropriate control system, a control-design methodology of five design steps is proposed, which takes the treatment process characteristics into account. For each design step, the necessary actions are defined. Using the methodology for the pellet-softening treatment step, a new control scheme for the pellet-softening treatment step has been designed and implemented in the full-scale plant. The implementation resulted in a chemical usage reduction of 15% and reduction in the maintenance effort for this treatment step. Corrective actions of operators are no longer necessary.

6

Liao, X., C. Chen, Z. Wang, C. H. Chang, X. Zhang und S. Xie. „Bacterial community change through drinking water treatment processes“. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12, Nr. 6 (18.03.2014): 1867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0540-0.

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7

Zhang, Yue, Xinhua Zhao, Xinbo Zhang und Sen Peng. „A review of different drinking water treatments for natural organic matter removal“. Water Supply 15, Nr. 3 (23.01.2015): 442–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.011.

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In the past decades, natural organic matter (NOM), which is a complex heterogeneous mixture of organic materials that are commonly present in all surface, ground and soil waters, has had an adverse effect on drinking water treatment. The existence of NOM results in many problems in drinking water treatment processes, and the properties and amount of NOM can significantly affect the efficiency of these processes. NOM not only influences the water quality with respect to taste, color and odor problems, but it also reacts with disinfectants, increasing the amount of disinfection by-products. NOM can be removed from drinking water via several treatment processes, but different drinking water treatment processes have diverse influences on NOM removal and the safety of the drinking water. Several treatment options, including coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, membrane and biological treatment, have been widely used in drinking water purification processes. Therefore, it is of great importance to be able to study the influence of different treatment processes on NOM in raw waters. The present review focuses on the methods, including coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, membrane, biological treatment processes and the combination of different treatment processes, which are used for removing NOM from drinking water.

8

Holmes, M., und D. Oemcke. „Optimisation of conventional water treatment processes in Adelaide, South Australia“. Water Supply 2, Nr. 5-6 (01.12.2002): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0164.

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Supplying drinking water in metropolitan Adelaide to meet contractual and Australian Drinking Water Guidelines is a challenge as source waters contain high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM) that often exceed 10 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The US EPA indicates that enhanced coagulation is the best available technology to control DOC in drinking water treatment plants. United Water has used enhanced coagulation at Metropolitan Adelaide WTPs since 1997 to improve water quality in the distribution system. NOM reduction has led to treated water with a lower chlorine demand allowing a greater residual penetration enabling improved bacteriological compliance. Disinfection by-product formation has also been controlled within the distribution system. Pathogen treatment barriers to remove Cryptosporidium and Giardia have been strengthened by adopting improved filter pre-treatment, enhanced coagulation and filter pre-chlorination to reduce particle breakthrough at all suitable WTPs.

9

Gora, Stephanie Leah, und Margaret Evelyn Walsh. „Recycle of waste backwash water in ultrafiltration drinking water treatment processes“. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 60, Nr. 4 (Juni 2011): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.050.

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10

Khan, Waqar Ahmad, und Sanab Jan. „Drinking Water Contamination and Treatment Techniques“. Journal of International Cooperation and Development 6, Nr. 2 (05.07.2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2023-0012.

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The earth's survival depends critically on water. Water is necessary for the body's metabolism as well as the synthesis, structure, and movement of cellular components, nutrients, and waste products. The contaminants in water disrupt the mechanism's spontaneity and cause long- and short-term diseases. In this review, the likely contaminations and their potential pathways are explored. Processes and methods to purify water are the product of ongoing scientific efforts. The review presents the technologies' concepts and potentials in an understandable way. Additionally, it contains some significant hybrid technologies and upcoming technologies that look promising. Received: 13 March 2023 / Accepted: 29 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023

11

Wiewiórska, Iwona. „The Role of Selected Technological Processes in Drinking Water Treatment“. Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 16, Nr. 2 (01.06.2023): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0028.

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Abstract The selection of appropriate technological processes for water treatment has a key impact on the qualitative safety of water intended for human consumption. The article analyzes water treatment processes used in a selected Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in terms of surface and ground water treatment. Five-year results of the research are presented on selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of water quality before treatment processes, after individual stages of treatment (settling tanks, DynaSand® filters, ozonation, carbon filters, UV rays and chlorine gas disinfection). The reduction of key pollutants at individual stages of technological processes was calculated. The results of the analyzes demonstrated that the technological processes used in WTP effectively remove turbidity, color, UVA254nm, permanganatate oxygen demand, Fetotal, Mn, coliform bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium Perfringens from the surface and underground water. Studies have shown that infiltration in the ground effectively removes selected pollutants from water and its effectiveness is comparable to high-efficiency treatment processes.

12

Volf, Goran, Ivana Sušanj Čule, Elvis Žic und Sonja Zorko. „Water Quality Index Prediction for Improvement of Treatment Processes on Drinking Water Treatment Plant“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 18 (13.09.2022): 11481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811481.

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In order to improve the treatment processes of the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located near the Butoniga reservoir in Istria (Croatia), a prediction of the water quality index (WQI) was done. Based on parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, KMnO4, NH4, Mn, Al and Fe, the calculation of WQI was conducted, while for the WQI prediction models, along with the mentioned parameters, O2, TOC and UV254 were additionally used. Four models were built to predict WQI with a time step of one, five, ten, and fifteen days in advance, in order to improve treatment processes of the DWTP regarding the changes in raw water quality in the Butoniga reservoir. Therefore, obtained models can help in the optimization of treatment processes, which depend on the quality of raw water, and overall, in the sustainability of the treatment plant. Results showed that the obtained correlation coefficients for all models are relatively high and, as expected, decrease as the number of prediction days increases; conversely, the number of rules, and related linear equations, depends on the parameters set in the WEKA modelling software, which are set to default settings which give the highest values of correlation coefficient (R) for each model and the optimal number of rules. In addition, all models have high accuracy compared to the measured data, with a good prediction of the peak values. Therefore, the obtained models, through the prediction of WQI, can help to manage the treatment processes of the DWTP, which depend on the quality of raw water in the Butoniga reservoir.

13

Bursill, Don. „Drinking water treatment - understanding the processes and meeting the challenges“. Water Supply 1, Nr. 1 (01.01.2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0001.

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On and follow Natural organic matter (NOM) derived from soil and vegetation in water catchments is the key factor influencing most, if not all water treatment processes. The structure of the NOM and its involvement in water treatment processes requires better understanding. It seems likely that a better understanding of NOM reactions could lead to far better predictive capacity for water treatment designers and operators. Certainly the removal of NOM as a first step to the production of drinking water has many attractions. This paper provides an overview of work done by the author and many of his colleagues to advance this issue.

14

Shao, Yu, Xinhong Zhou, Xiaowei Liu und Lili Wang. „Pre-oxidization-induced change of physicochemical characteristics and removal behaviours in conventional drinking water treatment processes for polyethylene microplastics“. RSC Advances 10, Nr. 68 (2020): 41488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07953g.

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This study revealed whether the conventional pre-oxidization processes in drinking water treatment can affect PE MPs′ physicochemical characteristics and their removal behavior in the subsequent drinking water treatment processes.

15

van der Helm, A. W. C., und L. C. Rietveld. „Modelling of drinking water treatment processes within the Stimela environment“. Water Supply 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2002): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0011.

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Drinking water production plants (in The Netherlands) are normally controlled by effluent quality. When the effluent quality does not meet the guidelines, the treatment process is manipulated. This is mainly done using the experience of the operators. Water quality models can be used to support the operators' task by off-line process evaluation and model predictive control (MPC). Stimela is a modelling environment that is developed by DHV Water BV and the Delft University of Technology. It is especially designed for water quality modelling. An example of off-line use of Stimela for operation and design is given by a model of a counter-current packed tower aerator. In the near future Stimela will be used for MPC. Therefore DHV Water BV and the Delft University of Technology are starting a project with water companies in which MPC with Stimela will be applied. In this project internet technology will be used to access water quality data from online measurements and form the model calculations. The data can be used by operators when they are at other locations, by drinking water technologists at the office to analyse specific problems, and by the management for weekly, monthly and yearly reports. In this way all the data are available for everyone in the organisation, from the operator to the managing director.

16

Luptáková, Anna, Karol Munka und Ján Derco. „Increasing of drinking water quality at real water treatment plant by recarbonization process“. Acta Chimica Slovaca 5, Nr. 1 (01.04.2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10188-012-0012-4.

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Increasing of drinking water quality at real water treatment plant by recarbonization process According to the World Health Organization, chemical and microbial contaminants in drinking water will continue in the interest of suppliers of drinking water. The review establishment of new knowledge for drinking water including the potential benefits of the mineral content is necessary. The paper is focused on an assessment of the quality of water from surface source for drinking water preparation and quality of drinking water produced at the real plant. The lab-scale verification of water recarbonization with lime and carbon dioxide was chosen based on the results of full scale plant data analysis. Recarbonization tests were carried out with the raw water and the impact of recarbonization on coagulation process at different coagulant doses was studied. The results show that water recarbonization had adverse influence on the water treatment processes.

17

Yu, Cheng, Sewoon Kim, Min Jang, Chang Min Park und Yeomin Yoon. „Occurrence and removal of engineered nanoparticles in drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment processes: A review“. Environmental Engineering Research 27, Nr. 5 (16.10.2021): 210339–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2021.339.

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Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are widely used in various industrial products and consumer goods, resulting in their widespread existence, particularly in natural water systems and water and wastewater treatment plants. Their presence in surface water for human consumption may severely harm human health. Therefore, this review examines new findings and developments in the removal technology of ENPs in drinking water and wastewater treatment processes since the publication of the literature by Park et al. [1]. By evaluating recent articles, this review investigates the occurrence of ENPs, discusses the transport of nanoparticles (NPs) in various drinking water and wastewater treatment processes, and draws corresponding practical conclusions. Moreover, this review provides brief suggestions and predictions for the future development of NP removal technologies in water and wastewater treatment plants.

18

Bache, D. H., und R. Gregory. „Flocs and separation processes in drinking water treatment: a review“. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 59, Nr. 1 (Februar 2010): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2010.028.

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19

Takagi, Sokichi, Fumie Adachi, Keiichi Miyano, Yoshihiko Koizumi, Hidetsugu Tanaka, Isao Watanabe, Shinsuke Tanabe und Kurunthachalam Kannan. „Fate of Perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in drinking water treatment processes“. Water Research 45, Nr. 13 (Juli 2011): 3925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.052.

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20

Betancourt, Walter Q., und Joan B. Rose. „Drinking water treatment processes for removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia“. Veterinary Parasitology 126, Nr. 1-2 (Dezember 2004): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.002.

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21

Carraro, E. „Biological drinking water treatment processes, with special reference to mutagenicity“. Water Research 34, Nr. 11 (01.08.2000): 3042–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00052-x.

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22

Choi, Byeonggyu, Jiyoon Kim und Soohoon Choi. „A mini-review on microplastics in drinking water treatment processes“. Journal of the Korean Society of Water and Wastewater 34, Nr. 5 (30.10.2020): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2020.34.5.357.

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23

Wang, Binnan, Deyang Kong, Junhe Lu und Quansuo Zhou. „Transformation of sulfonylurea herbicides in simulated drinking water treatment processes“. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, Nr. 5 (02.10.2014): 3847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3642-9.

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24

Okabe, S., T. Kokazi und Y. Watanabe. „Biofilm formation potentials in drinking waters treated by different advanced treatment processes“. Water Supply 2, Nr. 4 (01.09.2002): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0126.

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When biodegradable organic matter and other nutrients, such as ammonia and phosphorus, are not sufficiently removed during water treatment, bacteria may proliferate in the water distribution system. Bacterial regrowth deteriorates water quality (taste and odor), accelerates corrosion, and potentially increases the risk of microbial diseases. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the impact of four different advanced water treatment processes, including biological treatments such as a rotating biofilm membrane reactor (RBMR) and a biological activated carbon (BAC) filter and ultrafiltration (UF), on reduction of nutrient levels and biofilm formation potentials of the treated water entering model distribution systems (annular reactors). Our results revealed that biological treatments significantly improved the “biostability” of water leaving from the treatment plant. On average, The RBMR and BAC filter reduced easily assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration by half when compared with conventional treatment (multi-media filtration; MF) and ultrafiltration (from 35-49 to 18-23 mg C L-1). Consequently, biofilm formation potential was reduced by a factor of 5 to 10 (from 3,200-5,100 to 490-710 pg ATP cm-2). With respect to “biostability” of water, ultrafiltration was less effective in reducing AOC concentrations. In addition, the impact of chlorine disinfection on biofilm accumulation and AOC levels in the distribution system were studied.

25

Jubaidi, Jubaidi. „FAKTOR –FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS AIR MINUM PADA DEPOT AIR MINUM DI KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN 2012“. JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 5, Nr. 1 (12.11.2018): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v5i1.174.

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Drinking water quality is one of the basic needs of society. In fulfilling its needs, the community has sought a way to buy a gallon of drinking water refill at a cheap price. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect drinking water quality in drinking water depots in the city of Bengkulu. This study is a survey research with cross sectional approach, a sample size in this study as many as 163 samples. Primary data processed by the regression test followed by logistic regression test.The results showed that the dominant factor is the effect of drinking water treatment process with a value of p = 0.000 and Exp. B = 4.454.Recommended for drinking water depots entrepreneurs in drinking water treatment processes to use micro filters with a diameter smaller than viruses, provide training for employees or managers of drinking water and perform maintenance of drinking water processing components on time and as well as the guidance and supervision on a regular basis by the government.

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Jubaidi, Jubaidi. „FAKTOR –FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS AIR MINUM PADA DEPOT AIR MINUM DI KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN 2012“. JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 5, Nr. 1 (12.11.2018): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v5i1.174.

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Drinking water quality is one of the basic needs of society. In fulfilling its needs, the community has sought a way to buy a gallon of drinking water refill at a cheap price. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect drinking water quality in drinking water depots in the city of Bengkulu. This study is a survey research with cross sectional approach, a sample size in this study as many as 163 samples. Primary data processed by the regression test followed by logistic regression test.The results showed that the dominant factor is the effect of drinking water treatment process with a value of p = 0.000 and Exp. B = 4.454.Recommended for drinking water depots entrepreneurs in drinking water treatment processes to use micro filters with a diameter smaller than viruses, provide training for employees or managers of drinking water and perform maintenance of drinking water processing components on time and as well as the guidance and supervision on a regular basis by the government.

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Farkas, Anca, Mihail Dragan-Bularda, Vasile Muntean, Dorin Ciataras und Stefan Tigan. „Microbial activity in drinking water-associated biofilms“. Open Life Sciences 8, Nr. 2 (01.02.2013): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0126-0.

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AbstractMicrobial biofilms from surfaces in contact with water may play a beneficial role in drinking water treatment as biological filters. However, detrimental effects such as biofouling (i.e., biocorrosion and water quality deterioration) may also occur. In this study microbiological processes and factors influencing the activity of bacteria in biofilms were investigated by conventional cultivation methods. The presence of bacteria belonging to different ecophysiological groups was assessed during drinking water treatment, in biofilms developed on concrete, steel and sand surfaces. Influences of the treatment process, type of immersed material and physico-chemical characteristics of raw/bulk water and biofilms upon the dynamics of bacterial communities were evaluated. Results revealed intense microbial activity in biofilms occurring in the drinking water treatment plant of Cluj. Ammonification, iron reduction and manganese oxidation were found to be the predominant processes. Multiple significant correlations were established between the evolution of biofilm bacteria and the physico-chemical parameters of raw/ bulk water. The type of immersed material proved to have no significant influence upon the evolution of microbial communities, but the treatment stage, suggesting that the processes applied restrict microbial growth not only in bulk fluid but in biofilms, too.

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Bosklopper, Th G. J., L. C. Rietveld, R. Babuska, B. Smaal und J. Timmer. „Integrated operation of drinking water treatment plant at Amsterdam water supply“. Water Supply 4, Nr. 5-6 (01.12.2004): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0116.

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Water treatment plants are in general robust and designs are based on the performance of individual processes with pre-set boundary conditions. It is assumed that an integral approach of the entire treatment plant can lead to more efficient operation. Taking into account the developments in sensoring, automation and computation, it is a challenge to improve quality and reliability of the treatment plants and to make maximal use of the installed infrastructure, postponing new investments. At Amsterdam Water Supply (AWS), the first steps have been taken to come to an integral dynamic model of the total water treatment plant and the use of this model as an instrument for integral control. The parameters influencing the performance of the water treatment process will be incorporated in an overall model evaluating the goal factors quality (good, constant and reliable), quantity, costs, environmental impact (low residuals level), redundancy and flexibility. For several individual processes at AWS models have already been developed during the last few years, like models for the ozone process, biological activated carbon filtration and pellet softening. For the final calibration and validation pilot reactors are automated and on-line data are collected. Criteria for evaluation are developed to realise an optimal control of the individual processes in interaction with the goal factors of the total treatment process.

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Baxter, C. W., Q. Zhang, S. J. Stanley, R. Shariff, R. RT Tupas und H. L. Stark. „Drinking water quality and treatment: the use of artificial neural networks“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, S1 (01.01.2001): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-053.

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To improve drinking water quality while reducing operating costs, many drinking water utilities are investing in advanced process control and automation technologies. The use of artificial intelligence technologies, specifically artificial neural networks, is increasing in the drinking water treatment industry as they allow for the development of robust nonlinear models of complex unit processes. This paper highlights the utility of artificial neural networks in water quality modelling as well as drinking water treatment process modelling and control through the presentation of several case studies at two large-scale water treatment plants in Edmonton, Alberta.Key words: artificial neural networks, water treatment process control, water treatment modelling.

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Zouboulis, Anastasios, und Ioannis Katsoyiannis. „Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment with Emphasis in Membrane Treatment Operations“. Water 11, Nr. 1 (27.12.2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010045.

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The present Special Issue brought together recent research findings from renowned scientists in this field and assembled contributions on advanced technologies that have been applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with an emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. The 12 research contributions highlight various processes and technologies that can achieve the effective treatment and purification of wastewater and drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The published papers can be classified into three major categories. (a) First, there are those that investigate the application of membrane treatment processes, either directly or in hybrid processes. The role of organic matter presence and fouling control is the main aim of the research in some of these studies. (b) Second, there are studies that investigate the application of adsorptive processes for the removal of contaminants from waters, such as arsenic, antimony, or chromate, with the aim of the efficient removal of the toxic contaminants from water or wastewater. (c) Lastly, there are studies that include novel aspects of oxidative treatment such as bubbleless ozonation.

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Yang, Yi Xin, und Jie Chen. „Advanced Treatment of Drinking Water by Ultrafiltration Membrane“. Advanced Materials Research 647 (Januar 2013): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.543.

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Advanced treatment of drinking water was performed by ultrafiltration process (UF) in this study. Experimental results showed that UF is a perfect physical sieving barrier to remove turbidity, algae and bacteria from water, which is far superior to conventional water treatment processes. But the ultrafiltration membrane is not very effective for the removal of dissolved organic matter because of the large molecular weight cut-off. And the backwashing per 30min can totally renew the ultrafiltration membrane.

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Worm, G. I. M., G. A. M. Mesman, K. M. van Schagen, K. J. Borger und L. C. Rietveld. „Hydraulic modelling of drinking water treatment plant operations“. Drinking Water Engineering and Science 2, Nr. 1 (10.06.2009): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-2-15-2009.

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Abstract. The flow through a unit of a drinking water treatment plant is one of the most important parameters in terms of a unit's effectiveness. In the present paper, a new EPAnet library is presented with the typical hydraulic elements for drinking water treatment processes well abstraction, rapid sand filtration and cascade and tower aeration. Using this treatment step library, a hydraulic model was set up, calibrated and validated for the drinking water treatment plant Harderbroek. With the actual valve position and pump speeds, the flows were calculated through the several treatment steps. A case shows the use of the model to calculate the new setpoints for the current frequency converters of the effluent pumps during a filter backwash.

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Wang, Li, Fang Ma, Changlong Pang und Shaik Firdoz. „Multicausal Analysis on Water Deterioration Processes Present in a Drinking Water Treatment System“. Water Environment Research 85, Nr. 3 (01.03.2013): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143012x13560205145091.

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Hidayah, E. N., O. H. Cahyonugroho und N. A. Fauziyah. „Performance of Alum Coagulation and Adsorption on Removing Organic Matter and E. coli“. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, Nr. 1 (02.03.2023): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i01.048.

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Surface water is the primary resource for raw water in drinking water treatment processes. Therefore, the presence of microorganisms, bacteria, and viruses should be the main focus in drinking water treatment, in addition to natural organic matter, which is composed of organic carbon groups derived from aquatic biota as well as organic material, organic matter from industrial and domestic waste. This study applied coagulation-flocculation followed by adsorption as the advanced treatment with activated carbon for removing organic matter and bacteria simultaneously to know each process’s performance. The results indicated that all treatment processes have a good performance for removing dissolved organic matter in water with efficient removal of 28.35%-70.75% of TOC concentration and 26.75%-55.95% of UV254 concentration. Further, the selected processes demonstrated a high percentage of removal of E. coli, about 65.35%-96.43%. However, the effect of chlorination impacted the increasing THMs concentration up to 36.32%, while the other processes could remove THMs concentration 17.25%-51.08%. Overall, this study conjectures that all treatment processes simultaneously perform well for removing dissolved organic matter, THMs, and E. coli. However, chlorination should be managed to control the formation of THMs due to the remaining organic matter in water.

35

An, Dong, Jia-xiu Song, Wei Gao, Guo-guang Chen und Nai-yun Gao. „Molecular weight distribution for NOM in different drinking water treatment processes“. Desalination and Water Treatment 5, Nr. 1-3 (Mai 2009): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.493.

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36

Bodzek, Michał, Krystyna Konieczny und Anna Kwiecińska. „Application of membrane processes in drinking water treatment–state of art“. Desalination and Water Treatment 35, Nr. 1-3 (November 2011): 164–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2435.

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37

Wang, Wei, Yichao Qian, Lindsay K. Jmaiff, Stuart W. Krasner, Steve E. Hrudey und Xing-Fang Li. „Precursors of Halobenzoquinones and Their Removal During Drinking Water Treatment Processes“. Environmental Science & Technology 49, Nr. 16 (04.08.2015): 9898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02308.

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38

Kim, Dae-Ho, und Byoung-Ho Lee. „Pilot Study Analysis of Three Different Processes in Drinking Water Treatment“. Environmental Engineering Research 16, Nr. 4 (31.12.2011): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2011.16.4.237.

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39

Postigo, Cristina, und Susan D. Richardson. „Transformation of pharmaceuticals during oxidation/disinfection processes in drinking water treatment“. Journal of Hazardous Materials 279 (August 2014): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.029.

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40

Worm, G. I. M., G. A. M. Mesman, K. M. van Schagen, K. J. Borger und L. C. Rietveld. „Hydraulic modelling of drinking water treatment plant operations“. Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 1, Nr. 2 (21.10.2008): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-1-155-2008.

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Abstract. For a drinking water treatment plant simulation, water quality models, a hydraulic model, a process-control model, an object model, data management, training and decision-support features and a graphic user interface have been integrated. The integration of a hydraulic model in the simulator is necessary to correctly determine the division of flows over the plant's lanes and, thus, the flow through the individual treatment units, based on valve positions and pump speeds. The flow through a unit is one of the most important parameters in terms of a unit's effectiveness. In the present paper, a new EPAnet library is presented with the typical hydraulic elements for drinking water treatment processes. Using this library, a hydraulic model was set up and validated for the drinking water treatment plant Harderbroek.

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Zhang, Yue, Sen Peng und Xin-hua Zhao. „Assessment of the value of NOM treatment processes based on a matter-element model“. Water Supply 17, Nr. 3 (21.11.2016): 870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.182.

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Research into natural organic matter (NOM) removal in drinking water treatment processes is mostly independent, distributed, disconnected and unable to meet the needs of technology application; therefore, an assessment of the value of NOM treatment processes is necessary. In this paper, a hybrid evaluation model based on rough set theory and a matter-element model was used to evaluate the value of eight NOM removal processes. The counting process of the weighting factor did not include any subjective information which avoided the artificial factor deviation and made the evaluation more objective. The result indicated that in addition to the MIEX + coagulation + sedimentation + filtration (MCSF) treatment process, the rest of the NOM treatment processes had a certain value; the coagulation + sedimentation + filtration + adsorption (CSFA) and coagulation + sedimentation + filtration + membrane (CSFM) treatment processes had the highest values which meant that these treatment processes could remove the NOM in drinking water effectively. It also illustrated that the coagulation + sedimentation + adsorption + membrane (CSAM) treatment process had high feasibility, which has important significance for guaranteeing the safety of drinking water.

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Yu, M. J., H. M. Cho, J. Y. Koo, I. S. Han, E. M. Gwon und H. K. Oh. „Modifications of unit processes for finished water quality improvement at the Kueui water treatment plant in Seoul“. Water Supply 2, Nr. 5-6 (01.12.2002): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0169.

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Recently, Seoul city has tried to modify and upgrade the existing facilities and utilities and to improve the established water treatment plants, instead of application of a new treatment process. These efforts have finally lowered the turbidity of finished water below 0.1NTU. Small lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments have been conducted and they have provided optimum parameters for the design and operation of drinking water treatment plants. In addition, quantitative and/or trace analysis technologies developed for monitoring water quality of effluent from unit processes and automization of facilities, have contributed to the improvement of turbidity in drinking water. The Kueui water treatment plant, one of the drinking water treatment plants in Seoul, produces finished water with 0.08 NTU. It results from the operators' continuous endeavor to lower the turbidity in a scale of 0.01 NTU. The data for 12 months indicated that turbidity of settled water was less than 1.16 NTU and that of filtered water was less than 0.12 NTU for 95% of the period. Sedimentation basins and sand filters satisfy the recommended turbidity criteria, 2 NTU and 0.3 NTU, respectively. Also Kueui water treatment plant has focused on the control of organic matters to decrease in DBPs and on the removal of microorganisms.

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Vlad, Silvia, William B. Anderson, Sigrid Peldszus und Peter M. Huck. „Removal of the cyanotoxin anatoxin-a by drinking water treatment processes: a review“. Journal of Water and Health 12, Nr. 4 (31.03.2014): 601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.018.

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Anatoxin-a (ANTX-a) is a potent alkaloid neurotoxin, produced by several species of cyanobacteria and detected throughout the world. The presence of cyanotoxins, including ANTX-a, in drinking water sources is a potential risk to public health. This article presents a thorough examination of the cumulative body of research on the use of drinking water treatment technologies for extracellular ANTX-a removal, focusing on providing an analysis of the specific operating parameters required for effective treatment and on compiling a series of best-practice recommendations for owners and operators of systems impacted by this cyanotoxin. Of the oxidants used in drinking water treatment, chlorine-based processes (chlorine, chloramines and chlorine dioxide) have been shown to be ineffective for ANTX-a treatment, while ozone, advanced oxidation processes and permanganate can be successful. High-pressure membrane filtration (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) is likely effective, while adsorption and biofiltration may be effective but further investigation into the implementation of these processes is necessary. Given the lack of full-scale verification, a multiple-barrier approach is recommended, employing a combination of chemical and non-chemical processes.

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Syafrudin, Muhammad, Risky Ayu Kristanti, Adhi Yuniarto, Tony Hadibarata, Jongtae Rhee, Wedad A. Al-onazi, Tahani Saad Algarni, Abdulhadi H. Almarri und Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed. „Pesticides in Drinking Water—A Review“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 2 (08.01.2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020468.

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The ubiquitous problem of pesticide in aquatic environment are receiving worldwide concern as pesticide tends to accumulate in the body of the aquatic organism and sediment soil, posing health risks to the human. Many pesticide formulations had introduced due to the rapid growth in the global pesticide market result from the wide use of pesticides in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The occurrence of pesticides in the water body is derived by the runoff from the agricultural field and industrial wastewater. Soluble pesticides were carried away by water molecules especially during the precipitation event by percolating downward into the soil layers and eventually reach surface waters and groundwater. Consequently, it degrades water quality and reduces the supply of clean water for potable water. Long-time exposure to the low concentration of pesticides had resulted in non-carcinogenic health risks. The conventional method of pesticide treatment processes encompasses coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, filtration and sedimentation, which rely on the phase transfer of pollutants. Those methods are often incurred with a relatively high operational cost and may cause secondary pollution such as sludge formation. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are recognized as clean technologies for the treatment of water containing recalcitrant and bio-refractory pollutants such as pesticides. It has been adopted as recent water purification technology because of the thermodynamic viability and broad spectrum of applicability. This work provides a comprehensive review for occurrence of pesticide in the drinking water and its possible treatment.

45

Syafrudin, Muhammad, Risky Ayu Kristanti, Adhi Yuniarto, Tony Hadibarata, Jongtae Rhee, Wedad A. Al-onazi, Tahani Saad Algarni, Abdulhadi H. Almarri und Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed. „Pesticides in Drinking Water—A Review“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 2 (08.01.2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020468.

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The ubiquitous problem of pesticide in aquatic environment are receiving worldwide concern as pesticide tends to accumulate in the body of the aquatic organism and sediment soil, posing health risks to the human. Many pesticide formulations had introduced due to the rapid growth in the global pesticide market result from the wide use of pesticides in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The occurrence of pesticides in the water body is derived by the runoff from the agricultural field and industrial wastewater. Soluble pesticides were carried away by water molecules especially during the precipitation event by percolating downward into the soil layers and eventually reach surface waters and groundwater. Consequently, it degrades water quality and reduces the supply of clean water for potable water. Long-time exposure to the low concentration of pesticides had resulted in non-carcinogenic health risks. The conventional method of pesticide treatment processes encompasses coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, filtration and sedimentation, which rely on the phase transfer of pollutants. Those methods are often incurred with a relatively high operational cost and may cause secondary pollution such as sludge formation. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are recognized as clean technologies for the treatment of water containing recalcitrant and bio-refractory pollutants such as pesticides. It has been adopted as recent water purification technology because of the thermodynamic viability and broad spectrum of applicability. This work provides a comprehensive review for occurrence of pesticide in the drinking water and its possible treatment.

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Cevallos-Mendoza, Jaime, Célia G. Amorim, Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz und Maria da Conceição B. S. M. Montenegro. „Removal of Contaminants from Water by Membrane Filtration: A Review“. Membranes 12, Nr. 6 (30.05.2022): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12060570.

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Drinking water sources are increasingly subject to various types of contamination due to anthropogenic factors and require proper treatment to remove disease-causing agents. Public drinking water systems use different treatment methods to provide safe and quality drinking water to populations. However, they are ineffective in removing contaminants that are considered a danger to the environment and therefore to humans. Several alternative treatment processes have been proposed, such as membrane filtration, as final purification methods. This paper aims to summarize the type of pollutant compounds, filtration processes, and membranes that have been most studied in this area with particular emphasis on how the modification of membranes, either the manufacturing process or the incorporation of nanomaterials, influences their performance.

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Konradt, Norbert, Saskia Dillmann, Jennifer Becker, Detlef Schroden, Hans-Peter Rohns, Christoph Wagner, Uwe Müller et al. „Removal of Chromium Species from Low-Contaminated Raw Water by Different Drinking Water Treatment Processes“. Water 15, Nr. 3 (28.01.2023): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030516.

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The occurrence of Cr (VI) in drinking water resources in low but toxicologically relevant concentrations requires the development of reliable and industrially applicable separation processes in drinking water treatment. There is little information in the literature on the removal of chromium species at concentrations below 10 µg/L. Therefore, in this study, the removal of chromium in the concentration range ≤10 µg/L was investigated using three separation processes, activated carbon filtration (ACF), reduction/coagulation/filtration (RCF) and low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO), in both laboratory- and pilot-scale tests. In ACF treatment, Cr (III) was removed by deep bed filtration over 1.5 m of anthracite at a pH of 7.5 (which was used as a prefilter prior to ACF), while Cr (VI) was removed up to 75% via ACF at a filter bed depth of 2.5 m. Fresh activated carbon (AC) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for Cr (VI), while reactivated AC had a significantly lower capacity for Cr (VI), which was attributed to calcium and iron deposits. In technical filters, where multiple reactivated activated carbon is used, this led to a low removal rate for Cr (VI). Using the RCF process with Fe (II) dosing in a continuous flow reactor at a specific coagulant dosing ratio, high Cr (VI) removal, down to a concentration of 0.1 µg/L, was achieved within minutes. The subsequent anthracite filtration ensured the complete removal of Fe (III) and Cr (III) precipitates. The RCF process was limited by the oxygen side reaction with Fe (II), which dominated at Cr (VI) concentrations below 1 µg/L. In addition, a four-step LPRO process with concentrate recycling showed effective removal (>99%) of both Cr (III) and Cr (VI) species in raw water as well as a negligible effect of pH in the testing pH range of 5.6 to 8.3 on the Cr (VI) removal. Nevertheless, the water hardness and pH of the LPRO permeate must be increased to make it available as drinking water. The three separation processes were found to be able to meet the expected more stringent future regulations for Cr (VI) level in drinking water. The most suitable technology, however, can be selected with respect to the raw water quality/characteristics, site-specific conditions and the already existing equipment.

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Mansouri, Fatma, Khawla Chouchene, Nicolas Roche und Mohamed Ksibi. „Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water by Adsorption and Advanced Oxidation Processes: State of the Art and Trends“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 14 (20.07.2021): 6659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146659.

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Pharmaceutical products have become a necessary part of life. Several studies have demonstrated that indirect exposure of humans to pharmaceuticals through the water could cause negative effects. Raw sewage and wastewater effluents are the major sources of pharmaceuticals found in surface waters and drinking water. Therefore, it is important to consider and characterize the efficiency of pharmaceutical removal during wastewater and drinking-water treatment processes. Various treatment options have been investigated for the removal/reduction of drugs (e.g., antibiotics, NSAIDs, analgesics) using conventional or biological treatments, such as activated sludge processes or bio-filtration, respectively. The efficiency of these processes ranges from 20–90%. Comparatively, advanced wastewater treatment processes, such as reverse osmosis, ozonation and advanced oxidation technologies, can achieve higher removal rates for drugs. Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites undergo natural attenuation by adsorption and solar oxidation. Therefore, pharmaceuticals in water sources even at trace concentrations would have undergone removal through biological processes and, if applicable, combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment processes. This review provides an overview of the conventional and advanced technologies for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from water sources. It also sheds light on the key points behind adsorption and photocatalysis.

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McGuire, M. J. „Advances in Treatment Processes to Solve Off-Flavor Problems in Drinking Water“. Water Science and Technology 40, Nr. 6 (01.09.1999): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0287.

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There have been significant advances in the development and application of treatment processes to control off-flavor problems in drinking water in the past few years. This paper updates two major treatment process summaries that appeared in 1988 and 1995. The paper also puts the efficiencies of the treatment processes in perspective by using the drinking water flavor wheel as a reference point. Removal or control of classes of off-flavor problems are described in relation to the categories on the wheel. Specifically, processes such as oxidation, adsorption, biological treatment and membranes are described. The recent literature is reviewed and advances in treatment are identified. A new treatment process for controlling nitrification in distribution systems is introduced which has the potential to dramatically reduce the problems of chlorinous odor complaints from customers.

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Benalia, Abderrezzaq, Nadjiba Benmakhlouf, Amel Khalfaoui und Kerroum Derbal. „Drinking Water Treatment Processes of Oued El Athmania, Mila: Evaluation, Control and Quality“. All Sciences Abstracts 1, Nr. 1 (24.04.2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/as-abstracts.540.

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A drinking water treatment plant, intended for consumption, must produce, under all circumstances, water that meets the standards. While the raw water may have variable characteristics before treatment, to cope with these variations, the design of the installation can use several treatment processes such as coagulation flocculation, decantation, filtration,…..etc.. The experimental study of this research was carried out on the drinking water treatment plant of Oued El Athmania, Mila (36° 27' 1.01" N; 6° 15' 51.98" E) and these physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out on samples taken has 4 levels of the treatment station: (1) raw water , (2) decanted water, (3) filtered water and (4) treated water. The results obtained clearly show that the different processes applied on the treatment chain have a remarkable and variable effect on the quality of the water, as an example the water turbidity were 15.7, 1.8, 1 and 0.61 NTU for the raw water, decanted, filtered and treated water, respectively. The characterization of the treated water (pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, partial and total alkalinity, organic matter, turbidity, total hardness, color, chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate, aluminum, total and fecal coliform, ....) confirms that this water is potable.

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