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1
Williams, Hailey Elizabeth. „Teaching Equivalence Relations through Drawing using the PEAK-E Curriculum“. OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1962.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Hailey Williams, for the Master’s Degree in Behavior Analysis, presented on 7/8/16, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: TEACHING EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS THROUGH DRAWING USING THE PEAK-E CURRICULUM MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Mark R. Dixon The purpose of this study was to observe the formation of equivalence response classes using drawing to demonstrate the transformation of stimulus function from arbitrary textual words to simple drawings. Two children with Autism were taught directly trained relations, which paired together three stimuli from three separate class formations. The children were taught to relate A-B and B-C relations in trial blocks, and then tested with B-A and C-A relations. This train-test method was used to see if derived relations had emerged. Both participants demonstrated adequate learning in achieve mastery criteria in all the directly trained and derived relations from this study. The data is represented in a multiple baseline graph with an embedded multiple probe design. The outcome of this study indicates that the use of drawing and other creative behaviors have value in both relation frame theory and PEAK. There are also several implications of the study addressed here, including drawing as a verbal behavior and the role of internal events and covert behaviors in learning.
2
Hsiao, Hsien-Fu. „Mechanical behavior and heat transfer in polymer fiber melt-spinning and drawing processes“. Connect to resource, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osuosu1243349868.
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3
Lenske, Alexander, Tobias Müller, Lars Penter, Matti Schneider, Marek Hauptmann und Jens-Peter Majschak. „Evaluating the Factors Influencing the Friction Behavior of Paperboard during the Deep Drawing Process“. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230982.
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Deep drawing of paperboard with rigid tools and immediate compression has only a small presence in the market for secondary packaging solutions due to a lack of understanding of the physical relations that occur during the forming process. As with other processes that deal with interactions between two solids in contact, the control of the factors that affect friction is important due to friction’s impact on runnability and process reliability. A new friction measurement device was developed to evaluate the factors influencing the friction behavior of paperboard such as under the specific conditions of the deep drawing process, which differ from the standard friction testing methods. The tribocharging of the contacting surfaces, generated during sliding friction, was determined to be a major influence on the dynamic coefficient of friction between paperboard and metal. The same effect could be examined during the deep drawing process. With increased contact temperature due to the heating of the tools, the coefficient of friction decreased significantly, but it remained constant after reaching a certain charging state after several repetitions. Consequently, to avoid ruptures of the wall during the forming process, tools that are in contact with the paperboard should be heated.
4
Lenske, Alexander, Tobias Müller, Lars Penter, Matti Schneider, Marek Hauptmann und Jens-Peter Majschak. „Evaluating the Factors Influencing the Friction Behavior of Paperboard during the Deep Drawing Process“. NC State University, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29658.
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Deep drawing of paperboard with rigid tools and immediate compression has only a small presence in the market for secondary packaging solutions due to a lack of understanding of the physical relations that occur during the forming process. As with other processes that deal with interactions between two solids in contact, the control of the factors that affect friction is important due to friction’s impact on runnability and process reliability. A new friction measurement device was developed to evaluate the factors influencing the friction behavior of paperboard such as under the specific conditions of the deep drawing process, which differ from the standard friction testing methods. The tribocharging of the contacting surfaces, generated during sliding friction, was determined to be a major influence on the dynamic coefficient of friction between paperboard and metal. The same effect could be examined during the deep drawing process. With increased contact temperature due to the heating of the tools, the coefficient of friction decreased significantly, but it remained constant after reaching a certain charging state after several repetitions. Consequently, to avoid ruptures of the wall during the forming process, tools that are in contact with the paperboard should be heated.
5
Schreijäg, Simone [Verfasser]. „Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Deep Drawing DC04 Steel at Different Length Scales / Simone Schreijäg“. Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2013. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
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6
Ryu, Young Uk. „The coordination dynamics of bimanual circle drawing as a function of scaling movement amplitude“. Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/82.
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7
Lenske, Alexander, Tobias Müller, Marek Hauptmann und Jens-Peter Majschak. „New Method to Evaluate the Frictional Behavior within the Forming Gap during the Deep Drawing Process of Paperboard“. NC State University, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34057.
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To evaluate the influence of different normal forces and contact temperatures on the frictional behavior of paperboard during the deep drawing process, a new measurement punch was developed to measure the normal force, which induced the friction within the gap between the forming cavity and punch. The resulting dynamic coefficient of friction was calculated and reproduced via a new developed substitute test for the friction measurement device, which was first introduced in Lenske et al. (2017). The normal force within the forming gap during the deep drawing process was influenced by the blankholder force profile, the contact temperature, and the fiber direction. The friction measurements with the substitute test showed a strong dependency between the applied normal force and the dynamic coefficient of friction. Furthermore the frictional behavior was influenced by the contact temperature and the wrinkle formation.
8
Schwan-Rosenwald, Lili. „Drawing the line an exploration of Otto Kernberg and Marsha Linehan's understanding of borderline personality disorder : a project based upon an independent investigation /“. Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/1010.
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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-108).
9
Thoma, Pascale Bernadette Egger Andrea Alice. „Drawing project : evaluation of human behaviour at the waterside in rural Côte d'Ivoire by analysis of children's drawings /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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10
Gao, Ping. „Swelling and drawing behaviour of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335714.
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11
Borgeot, Melanie. „Amélioration des propriétés tribologiques d'aciers inoxydables par un lubrifiant "vert" nommé AFULudine en vue de leur mise en forme“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD038.
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Dans une opération de mise en forme, les propriétés volumiques des matériaux ne sont pas les seules garantes de la réussite du procédé. Les aspects surfaciques, en lien notamment avec les propriétés tribologiques des corps en contact (tôle, lubrifiant, outils) se révèlent tout aussi importants. Il convient en ce sens de maîtriser et optimiser autant que faire se peut les conditions de contact lors d’un glissement entre la tôle et l’outillage afin d’assurer la réussite de l’opération de formage.Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la caractérisation d’une solution alternative de lubrification, nommée AFULudine, par fonctionnalisation de surface à base de molécules organiques ; solution ayant pour ambition de se substituer aux huiles minérales chlorées, performantes dans le travail des aciers inoxydables mais particulièrement nocives pour l’environnement et difficiles d’application.Les caractérisations physico-chimiques de surface (IR, électrochimie, MEB) montrent le greffage effectif d’une couche de molécules chimisorbées en surface de l’oxyde métallique, avec une cinétique de l’ordre de quelques secondes. Celle-ci est recouverte d’amas cristallisés et formés en un second temps pendant la phase d’évaporation du solvant. Des analyses morphologiques des cristaux sont réalisées montrant que leur densité et leur structure sont intimement liées au bon comportement tribologique de la surface fonctionnalisée.Le comportement tribologique des tôles (substrat en acier inoxydable ferritique K41 – 1.4509) ainsi traitées a été investigué à la fois grâce à un tribomètre d’étirage-plan permettant de découpler les influences de différentes conditions de sollicitations, telles que la pression de contact, la montée en température des outils ou encore l’influence de la déformation plastique à coeur du matériau, mais aussi en conditions réelles, à l’aide d’une presse d’emboutissage semi-industrielle. De manière plus fondamentale, la formation et la stabilité du tribofilm créé à l’interface a été analysé par l’utilisation d’un micro-tribomètre linéaire en géométrie sphère/plan couplé à de la microscopie électronique et des analyses EDSDuring forming processes, bulk properties of material are not the only guarantee in a process achievement. Surfacicalaspects, mainly coupled with tribological properties of bodies in contact (metal sheet, lubricant, tool) prove to be alsosignificant. It is therefore necessary to control and optimize the contact conditions during a sheet/tool sliding in order toguarantee the success of a forming process.The present work concerns a green lubricant solution characterization, named AFULudine, produced by thefunctionalization of the metallic surface with organic molecules. This solution was developed in substitution to the usualmineral oils, effective in stainless steel stamping but deterious for environment.Physicochemical surface characterization (IR, electrochemistry, SEM) show that the grafting of chemisorbed molecules ontothe surface occures in few seconds. This layer is covered by physisorbed and crystallised species which appear during thesolvent evaporation time. Morphological analyses of these crystals show that both density and structure determine thetribological behavior of the functionalized surface.Sheets tribological behavior (stainless steel ferritic grade, 1.4509 - K41) after treatment, has been investigated thanks to astrip drawing tribometer, allowing to dissociate the influence of various sollicitations conditions (such as contact pressure,tools temperature or plastic deformation of the material) and on an industrial scale with an Erichsen press. Fundamentally,tribo-layerʹs formation and stability have been analysed with the use of a linear micro-tribometer (ball on plane type)coupled with electronic microscopy and EDS analyses
12
Fava, Michelle. „Understanding drawing : a cognitive account of observational process“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16404.
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This thesis contributes to theorising observational drawing from a cognitive perspective. Our current understanding of drawing is developing rapidly through artistic and scientific enquiry. However, it remains fragmented because the frames of reference of those modes of enquiry do not coincide. Therefore, the foundations for a truly interdisciplinary understanding of observational drawing are still inceptive. This thesis seeks to add to those foundations by bridging artistic and scientific perspectives on observational process and the cognitive aptitudes underpinning it. The project is based on four case studies of experienced artists drawing processes, with quantitative and qualitative data gathered: timing of eye and hand movements, and artists verbal reports. The data sets are analysed with a generative approach, using behavioural and protocol analysis methods to yield comparative models that describe cognitive strategies for drawing. This forms a grounded framework that elucidates the cognitive activities and competences observational process entails. Cognitive psychological theory is consulted to explain the observed behaviours, and the combined evidence is applied to understanding apparent discrepancies in existing accounts of drawing. In addition, the use of verbal reporting methods in drawing studies is evaluated. The study observes how drawing process involves a segregation of activities that enables efficient use of limited and parametrically constrained cognitive resources. Differing drawing strategies are shown to share common key characteristics; including a staged use of selective visual attention, and the capacity to temporarily postpone critical judgement in order to engage fully in periods of direct perception and action. The autonomy and regularity of those activities, demonstrated by the artists studied, indicate that drawing ability entails tacit self-knowledge concerning the cognitive and perceptual capacities described in this thesis. This thesis presents drawing as a skill that involves strategic use of visual deconstruction, comparison, analogical transfer and repetitive cycles of construction, evaluation and revision. I argue that drawing skill acquisition and transfer can be facilitated by the elucidation of these processes. As such, this framework for describing and understanding drawing is offered to those who seek to understand, learn or teach observational practice, and to those who are taking a renewed interest in drawing as a tool for thought.
13
Beltzung, Benjamin. „Utilisation de réseaux de neurones convolutifs pour mieux comprendre l’évolution et le développement du comportement de dessin chez les Hominidés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ114.
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L’étude du comportement de dessin peut être très informative cognitivement et psychologiquement, tant chez les humains que chez les autres primates. Cette richesse d’information peut également être un frein à son analyse et à son interprétation, en particulier en l’absence d’explication ou verbalisation de son auteur. En effet, il est possible que l’interprétation donnée par un adulte d’un dessin ne soit pas en accord avec l’intention première du dessinateur. Durant ma thèse, j’ai montré que, bien que généralement considérés comme des boîtes noires, les réseaux de neurones convolutifs (CNNs) peuvent permettre de mieux comprendre le comportement de dessin. Dans un premier lieu, l’utilisation d’un CNN a permis de classifier des dessins d’une femelle orang-outan selon leur saison de production ainsi que de mettre en avant une variation de style et de contenu. De plus, une approche ontogénique a permis de quantifier la similarité entre des productions de différents groupes d’âges. Par la suite, des modèles plus interprétables ainsi que l’application de nouvelles méthodes d’interprétabilité pourraient permettre de mieux déchiffrer le comportement de dessinThe study of drawing behavior can be highly informative, both cognitively and psychologically, in humans and other primates. However, this wealth of information can also be a challenge to analysis and interpretation, particularly in the absence of explanation or verbalization by the author of the drawing. Indeed, an adult's interpretation of a drawing may not be in line with the artist's original intention. During my thesis, I showed that, although generally regarded as black boxes, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can provide a better understanding of the drawing behavior. Firstly, by using a CNN to classify drawings of a female orangutan according to their season of production, and highlighting variation in style and content. In addition, an ontogenetic approach was considered to quantify the similarity between productions from different age groups. In the future, more interpretable models and the application of new interpretability methods could be applied to better decipher drawing behavior
14
Sirvin, Quentin. „Etude du comportement mécanique de tôles en alliage de titane et des paramètres procédé dans les opérations d'emboutissage à hautes températures“. Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0003.
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Dans l'industrie aéronautique, les alliages de titane sont utilisés pour leur excellent comportement mécanique associé à une faible masse volumique. Ils sont largement employés sous forme de tôles dont la mise en forme peut se faire par le biais de trois procédés : à température ambiante par opération d'emboutissage, à très hautes températures (T≈900°C) par formage superplastique (SPF) et à des températures intermédiaires (T=730°C, 880°C) par formage à chaud (HF). Le projet repose sur le développement du procédé d'emboutissage à chaud d'une tôle d'alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V en conditions isothermes à des températures inférieures à 700°C. Par conséquent, la détermination des paramètres procédés et matériaux constitue une étape importante pour la mise en œuvre de simulations numériques et contribue à la réussite des opérations d'emboutissage de pièces industrielles. Ces paramètres procédés sont liés à la vitesse du poinçon, aux efforts de serre-flan et au frottement induit entre le flan et l'outillage. Leur analyse a permis de déterminer deux niveaux de températures (400°C et 500°C) offrant une chute drastique du coût énergétique, en comparaison des procédés HF ou SPF, tout en conservant des niveaux d'allongement suffisants. Les paramètres matériaux influençant le comportement de l'alliage sont analysés et quantifiés. Ils peuvent être influencés par plusieurs mécanismes : élasticité, viscosité, anisotropie (Hill48, Barlat91) et nature de l’écrouissage (isotrope, cinématique). Dans cette étude, un modèle de comportement élasto-viscoplastique anisotrope, capable de considérer les trajets de chargement subis par la tôle lors de sa mise en forme, a été formulé pour les deux niveaux de température. L’implantation du modèle de comportement a été réalisée dans le code de calcul éléments finis Abaqus/Standard 6.14® interfacé avec le logiciel ZMAT®. Elle a permis d’une part des simulations d’emboutissage de profil Omega pour lesquelles des comparaisons avec les expériences ont été réalisées et d’autre part, des calculs sur une pièce de forme complexeIn the aerospace industry, titanium alloys are used for their excellent mechanical behavior associated with low density. They are widely available in sheet form and the final shape can be obtained through three processes: at room temperature by stamping operation, at very high temperatures (T≈900°C) by superplastic forming (SPF) and at intermediate temperature (T=730°C, 880°C) by hot forming (HF). The project is based on the development of the hot stamping process of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet under isothermal conditions at temperatures below than 700°C. Therefore, the determination of the process and material parameters constitutes an important stage for implementing the numerical simulation while contributing to the success of the stamping operation at the scale of an industrial part. The process parameters are related to the punch speed, the blank holder forces and the friction induced between the sheet and the tool. Their analysis allowed to determine two temperature levels (400°C et 500°C) leading a drastic drop in energy cost, compared to HF or SPF processes, while maintaining enough elongation levels. The material parameters influencing the behavior of the alloy are analyzed and quantified. They can be influenced by several mechanisms: elasticity, viscosity, anisotropy (Hill48, Barlat91) and nature of hardening (isotropic, kinematic). In this study, an anisotropic elasto-viscoplastic behavior model, able to consider the loading path undergone by sheet during forming, has been formulated for both temperature levels. The implementation of the behavior model is achieved in Abaqus/Standard 6.14® Finite Element code with the material library plugin ZMAT®. It enables, on the one hand, stamping numerical simulations of a simple shape Omega profile for which experimental comparisons were done, on the other hand, calculations on an industrial part with a complex shape
15
Souillard-Mandar, William. „Learning classification models of cognitive conditions from subtle behaviors in the digital Clock Drawing Test“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100623.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-95).
The Clock Drawing Test -- a simple pencil and paper test -- has been used for more than 50 years as a screening tool to differentiate normal elderly individuals from those with cognitive impairment, and has proven useful in helping to diagnose dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions. A group of hospitals and clinics have been administering the test using a digitizing ballpoint pen that reports its position with considerable spatial and temporal precision, making available far more detailed data about the subject's performance. Using categorized stroke data from these drawings, we designed and computed a large collection of features, then explored the tradeoffs in performance and interpretability in classifiers built using a number of different subsets of these features and a variety of different machine learning techniques. We used traditional machine learning methods to build prediction models that achieve high accuracy. We operationalized widely used existing scoring algorithms so that we could use them as benchmarks for our models. We worked with clinicians to define guidelines for model interpretability, and constructed sparse linear models and decision lists designed to be as easy to use as scoring algorithms currently used by clinicians, but more accurate. We also extract insights from the data about the behavioral aspect of these conditions on patients. While our models will require additional testing with subjects for validation, they offer the possibility of substantial improvement in detecting cognitive impairment earlier than currently possible, a development with considerable potential impact in practice.
by William Souillard-Mandar.
M. Eng.
16
Topic, Miroslav. „The effect of drawing strain on the fatigue behaviour of stainless and carbon steel wires“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8749.
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Includes bibliographical references.A study has been made of the fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth behaviour of three different steels in wire form, namely, an austenitic AISI 304 stainless steel, a corrosion resistant ferritic steel, 3CR12, and pearlitic high carbon steel. The stainless steel wires were produced in the laboratory at a drawing speed of 50 mm min-1, without intermediate annealing, whilst the high carbon pearlitic steel was manufactured commercially. Studies were made on stainless steel wires as a function of drawing strain between 0.09 and 0.585. Fatigue testing was carried out on an ESH servo hydraulic testing machine on both notched and unnotched samples and the S-N curves were used to evaluate the fatigue properties of the steels. Tests were performed with sinusoidal loading and load ratios of R= 0.048 and R=0.22 at a frequency of 2Hz. The microstructural evolution during drawing was characterised by optical and transmission optical microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Fatigue crack growth and fracture surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy. In general, the fatigue limit was enhanced by increased drawing strain, but such strain also increased the subsequent crack propagation rates. The highest value of fatigue limit of 630 MPa was exhibited by the commercial pearlitic steel despite of its high notch sensitivity. Both shot peening of the steel wire surface and reducing the surface roughness by manual polishing increased the fatigue limit between 40 and 25 % respectively. The fatigue limit of AISI 304 stainless steel wire was improved from 215 MPa to 650 MPa after drawing to 0.585 strain. This improvement is attributed to the deformation-induced phase transformation of (ϒ) austenite to α'-martensite. X-ray diffractometer traces show that the amount of strain-induced martensite varied from 8% in the wires drawn at low strain (0.09) to 36% in the wire samples drawn to 0.585 strain. This study has established that approximately 20% of deformation-induced martensite, through drawing strain, is a critical amount which determines the subsequent fatigue response of this steel. If the amount of previously developed martensite is less than the critical amount of 20%, the martensite formed during the fatigue process will act beneficially by retarding fatigue cracking, raising the fatigue limit and resulting in a ductile fatigue fracture surface. However, in the presence of more than 20% of martensite, any martensite induced by cyclic strain will encourage more rapid crack initiation compared to a material containing less than 20% martensite which leads to more brittle fracture surface characteristics. The fatigue limit of 3CR12 steel wire was also improved from 130 MPa to 310 MPa (maximum stress) after drawing to 0.68 strain. The experimental results indicate that the use of drawn 3CR12 ferritic steel for wire application under cyclic conditions is restricted to low stress levels. However, the application of heat treatment and the resultant development of a dual-phase microstructure, improved the fatigue limit to 470 MPa. Based on the findings in this study, recommendations regarding material selection and drawing process optimisation for wire production to improve the fatigue performance of AISI 304 stainless steel is given.
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Shen, Dandan. „Categorization of Line Drawings of Natural Scenes Using Non-Accidental Properties Matches Human Behavior“. The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337539407.
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18
Wolhendler, Baruch. „Creativity, delinquency, and production of unsolicited violent content in drawings“. Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3718068.
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Limited research on creativity in delinquents concluded they were generally not creative, and delinquents who were creative tended to express creativity in the domains of crime and violence. None of this research examined creativity in delinquents with testing validated to measure both the divergent-exploratory and convergent-integrative thinking processes, now considered essential and interdependent elements of creative thinking. Further, no studies empirically examined creative products for violent and criminal content. The present study used archival data from an adapted Evaluation of Potential Creativity (EPoC) to analyze the creative potential of adolescents in a juvenile detention center relative to a reference group of adolescents in the general population. The adapted EPoC assessed creative potential in the graphic and verbal domains of divergent-exploratory thinking and the graphic domain of convergent-integrative thinking. Drawings from the adapted EPoC were also analyzed for presence and level of unsolicited violent content.
Delinquents demonstrated lower levels of creativity than adolescents of the general population in the graphic domain of both divergent-exploratory and convergent-integrative thinking. However, there was no difference in level of creativity between delinquents and adolescents of the general population in the verbal domain of divergent-exploratory thinking. In addition, delinquency did not moderate the relationship between creativity and production of unsolicited violent content in drawings; high levels of creativity in both delinquents and adolescents of the general population were associated with the production of high levels of unsolicited violent content in drawings.
The finding of no difference in levels of verbal creativity between delinquents and adolescents of the general population may suggest both groups share a common deficiency in verbal creativity due to environmental and pedagogic factors; specifically, an art bias equating creativity with graphic but not verbal creativity, and a teacher preference for students oriented toward the visual arts. The finding associating high levels of creativity with high levels of unsolicited violent content in drawings for both delinquents and adolescents of the general population may be related to the observed tendency of all creative adolescents to draw a greater volume of content overall, indicating drawing violent content is commonplace and disassociated from delinquency.
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Parry, Gwenllian Glyn. „Measuring observable responses during completion of the family drawing task to access internal working models of attachment in middle childhood“. Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367317.
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Yi, Nan. „Influence of the molecular orientation of high density polyethylene by mechanical drawing on the surface mechanical behaviors“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE015.
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Les polymères semi-cristallins ont de multiples applications tribologiques et il est très intéressant d’avoir une compréhension globale de la relation structure-propriété afin d’améliorer leurs performances. Cette thèse porte sur les réponses mécaniques anisotropes des surfaces de polymères semi-cristallins orientés. Ces travaux sur du polyéthylène haute densité (PEHD) ont mis en évidence l’effet de cette anisotropie induite sur le comportement viscoélastique étudié par une méthode de fluage de contact et de récupération, ainsi que sur le comportement plastique en rayure. Les dépendances de l'orientation sur les réponses élastiques, plastiques et viscoélastiques ont été analysées. Une nouvelle configuration expérimentale permet l’observation in situ lors du fluage de contact et de la recouvrance de l’empreinte. Pour la réponse en rayure, le coefficient de frottement apparent a été utilisé pour caractériser le comportement pendant le temps de contact et la géométrie du sillon résiduel pour le comportement post-mortem. En conclusion, il est confirmé que les propriétés intrinsèques volumiques régissent les comportements mécaniques de surface. Le module de Young et le module de relaxation contrôlent principalement le comportement de fluage de contact, tandis que la déformation au seuil de plasticité contrôle les déformations en rayureSemi-crystalline polymers have versatile tribological applications and it is of great interest to have a comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relationship, in order to produce better and durable products. This thesis focuses on the anisotropic mechanical responses of oriented semi-crystalline polymer surfaces. A benchmark study with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) highlighted the effect of this induced anisotropy on the viscoelastic behavior studied by a method of contact creep and recovery, and the plastic behavior examined by single-asperity scratching. In this thesis, the relations between microstructure, intrinsic and surface mechanical properties have been investigated. Orientation dependencies of elastic, plastic, and viscoelastic response were analyzed. A new experimental set-up permits the first-time in-situ observation during the contact creep and recovery test on non-transparent surfaces. For friction response, the apparent coefficient of friction was used to characterize the behavior during the contact time, and the geometry of the residual track for the behavior during the lifetime of the track. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the intrinsic properties govern the surface mechanical behaviors. Young’s moduli and intrinsic creep compliances dominate the contact creep behaviors. Meanwhile, the scratch responses are largely dictated by the yield behaviors
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Müller, Wolfhart. „Temperaturverhältnisse und Reaktionskinetik beim Ziehen und Wärmebehandeln von Draht“. Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-127084.
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Die Temperaturverhältnisse beim Ziehen und Wärmebehandeln von Draht werden mit mathematisch-analytischen Methoden auf der Grundlage der FOURIERschen Wärmeleitungsgleichung eingehend untersucht. Insbesondere wird unter den spezifischen Wärmeübergangsbedingungen zwischen Draht und Ziehdüse sowie zwischen Draht und Ziehtrommel deren thermische Wechselwirkung analysiert. Ein Näherungsverfahren zur Berechnung der Drahttemperaturen in Zugfolgen unter Berücksichtigung des Ziehdüseneinflusses wird angegeben und mit einem Beispiel zum Nassziehen stark verzinkten Stahldrahts illustriert. Aus geschwindigkeitsabhängig gemessenen Änderungen des Drahtdurchmessers werden unter thermoelastischer Ziehringdurchmesserkorrektur Schmierfilmdicken bestimmt. Diffusionsgleichungen werden analysiert und ein Zusammenhang zur Reaktionskinetik wird hergestellt. Ein neues reaktionskinetisches Werkstoffmodell, das insbesondere auch im Falle stärker anisothermer Verhältnisse, also bei Kurzzeitwärmebehandlung anwendbar ist, wird vorgestellt.
22
Minton, Susan Olivia. „The power of accepting love : a pastoral theological consideration of personal sin, guilt and shame, drawing on the work of Carl Rogers and Paul Tillich“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288549.
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23
Stevens, Madeleine. „Drawing on parents' experiences to explore how to prevent high-risk primary school children developing antisocial and criminal behaviour“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3581/.
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Much evidence links early childhood factors to later antisocial and criminal behaviour. However, many ‘at-risk’ children do not develop such behaviours. Some families are subject to intensive intervention from services including social, health, criminal justice and special education services, yet little is known about what aspects of support are useful for the most vulnerable families in the longer term. This mixed methods study investigates parents’ experiences of the full range of services with which they and their children are involved during middle childhood. The major component is a longitudinal five-year qualitative interview study of eleven families, including practitioners parents nominated as helpful. Children were at-risk because of their difficult behaviour and additional family risk factors. Inductive thematic analysis suggested factors which appeared important in changing child behaviour and family functioning. A subset of these factors were further investigated using quantitative longitudinal analysis of a large cohort data set, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), to examine associations with antisocial and criminal behaviour at ages 16–21. The original contribution to knowledge is identification and explanation of factors influencing how families benefit, or fail to benefit, from intervention. These include the conflicting roles of services tasked with support, reform and surveillance of families. Some parents are skilfully supported to make lasting changes in their parenting behaviour, but non-familial influences such as peers, neighbourhood and school experiences mean improvements in parent-child relationships do not necessarily translate to improvements in the child’s behaviour and wellbeing outside the family. In addition, the study contributes analyses linking middle childhood factors to lower chance of future antisocial and criminal behaviour. These factors include changes in maternal hostility and depression, financial circumstances and children’s relationships with teachers. Findings suggest families could be helped by easier-to-access, on-call, non-judgemental support and, in schools, attention to consistent, supportive relationships.
24
Daly, Shannon Valentine. „The Effects of Visual Arts on Expressive Language in Participants with Dementia“. Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6215.
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Visual aids such as memory books have been shown to help increase recall of information and facilitate improved communication in people with dementia (Bourgeois, 2014). Because of the effectiveness of visual aids for people with dementia, this study aimed to determine if the type of visual stimulus would produce differences in the quality of language expressed. It was hypothesized that a more realistic picture in full color would elicit more descriptive language than a black and white line drawing. Verbal descriptions of Norman Rockwell’s realistic painting, Coming and Going and descriptions of a black and white line drawing of the same painting were collected in a counterbalanced manner from seven participants with dementia. Transcripts were coded for expressive language variables (e.g, descriptive content, nouns, verbs, etc.). Results revealed that the descriptions of the black and white line drawing contained more irrelevant utterances including significantly more unrelated utterances (p=0.04) and significantly more self-corrected utterances (p=0.02) than the realistic picture. No statistically significant differences were found for any other variables. This suggests that while both pictures elicited descriptive language, the descriptions of the black and white line drawing contained more unrelated and self-corrected information than descriptions of the realistic painting. More research needs to be conducted using a greater number of participants to further explore the effects of different visual stimuli on expressive language of persons with dementia.
25
McNeish, Timothy Jay. „Reliability and validity of a human figure drawing screening measure to identify emotional or behavioral disorders in children“. The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1341945621.
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26
Bayliss, Harvey Ray. „Reinforcement of Variability and Implications for Creativity“. Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6065.
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One of the defining characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is repetitive, rigid, or stereotyped patterns of behavior. A proposed approach to treating such patterns is to provide reinforcement for response variability. Though research demonstrates that the variability of responses can be influenced by contingencies of reinforcement, no studies have examined the effects of placing contingencies on different units of behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of two modified percentile schedules on variety of completed drawings and individual lines drawn by students with ASD who had been referred for engaging in rigid patterns of behavior. For all three participants that completed drawing sessions, results indicated that drawing variability increased the most when reinforcement was contingent on the variability of the completed drawing, as opposed to a random ratio schedule of reinforcement or reinforcement being contingent on individual lines being varied.
27
Van, den fonteyne Winke Heidi Werner. „The effect of molecular architecture on the deformation behaviour of drawn bimodal polyethylene“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16066/.
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The most common failure mode for polyolefin pipes is slow crack growth. A crack is preceded by a craze, a voided wedge of material bridged by highly deformed fibrils. Upon failure of the fibrils, the crack propagates. Both the tendency of the material to form voids and the strength of the fibril at the craze - crack interface are governed by the effective entanglement network. The effective entanglement network comprises all the intermolecular junctions in the material that can effectively transfer load at the time scale of the experiment. In this work, the effective entanglement network of bimodal polyethylene is probed through tensile and creep measurements. Bimodal polyethylene is the industrial standard material for polyethylene pressure pipes, and consists of a high molecular mass, branched fraction and a low molecular mass, linear fraction. The former is responsible for the resistance to slow crack growth, the latter for enabling processing. In the first part of the work, the influence of molecular mass and branch content of the high molecular mass fraction on the effective molecular network is studied. It is found that only a combination of high molecular mass and high branch content increases the resistance of the network. In the second part of the work, the high molecular mass fraction of the bimodal polyethylenes is isolated. Again, a combination of high molecular mass with high branch content results in a higher effective entanglement network, and overall the resistance to deformation is higher in these materials than in the bimodal materials. It is concluded that the resilience of the network depends on the available network density and the friction caused by side chain branches. Independently of the morphological origin of this friction in the solid material, it can be expected to vary with the monomeric friction in the melt.
28
Mauris, Marie-Elisabeth. „Comportement predateur de la sepiole (sepiola affinis) : approches experimentales en eco-ethologie“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066408.
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Etude concernant le comportement predateur de la sepiole realisee en combinant les observations en milieu naturel et en aquarium. L'analyse qualitative et quantitative de l'acte de predation a permis de definir 3 phases distinctes: "alerte", "positionnement" et "capture". Une etude sur le choix alimentaire a ete egalement realisee, elle montre que les sepioles semblent preferer les mysidaces
29
Al-Shehri, Abdulhadi S. „Tensile and fracture behaviour of isotropic and die-drawn polypropylene-clay nanocomposites : compounding, processing, characterization and mechanical properties of isotropic and die-drawn polypropylene/clay/polypropylene maleic anhydride composites“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5223.
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As a preliminary starting point for the present study, physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites (PPNCs) for samples received from Queen's University Belfast have been evaluated. Subsequently, polymer/clay nanocomposite material has been produced at Bradford. Mixing and processing routes have been explored, and mechanical properties for the different compounded samples have been studied. Clay intercalation structure has received particular attention to support the ultimate objective of optimising tensile and fracture behaviour of isotropic and die-drawn PPNCs. Solid-state molecular orientation has been introduced to PPNCs by the die-drawing process. Tensile stress-strain measurements with video-extensometry and tensile fracture of double edge-notched tensile specimens have been used to evaluate the Young's modulus at three different strain rates and the total work of fracture toughness at three different notch lengths. The polymer composite was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarizing optical microscopy, wide angle x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. 3% and 5% clay systems at various compatibilizer (PPMA) loadings were prepared by three different mixing routes for the isotropic sheets, produced by compression moulding, and tensile bars, produced by injection moulding process. Die-drawn oriented tensile bars were drawn to draw ratio of 2, 3 and 4. The results from the Queen's University Belfast samples showed a decrement in tensile strength at yield. This might be explained by poor bonding, which refers to poor dispersion. Voids that can be supported by intercalated PP/clay phases might be responsible for improvement of elongation at break. The use of PPMA and an intensive mixing regime with a two-step master batch process overcame the compatibility issue and achieved around 40% and 50% increase in modulus for 3% and 5% clay systems respectively. This improvement of the two systems was reduced after drawing to around 15% and 25% compared with drawn PP. The work of fracture is increased either by adding nanoclay or by drawing to low draw ratio, or both. At moderate and high draw ratios, PPNCs may undergo either an increase in the size of microvoids at low clay loading or coalescence of microvoids at high clay loading, eventually leading to an earlier failure than with neat PP. The adoption of PPMA loading using an appropriate mixing route and clay loading can create a balance between the PPMA stiffness effect and the degree of bonding between clay particles and isotropic or oriented polymer molecules. Spherulites size, d-spacing of silicate layers, and nanoparticles distribution of intercalated microtactoids with possible semi-exfoliated particles have been suggested to optimize the final PPNCs property.
30
Liu, Ning. „Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold drawn steel wires“. Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/512.
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Cold drawn eutectoid steel wires have been widely used for a variety of applications, such as suspension bridges, steel cords for automobile tires, and springs. Much research has been done to increase their mechanical strength. With advances in modern production technology, both the drawing speed and the quality of drawn steels have been enhanced. After a careful literature survey, it is obvious that some issues are still controversial. As Y.S. Yang, J.G. Bae and C.G. Park mentioned, the lamellar spacing, thickness and volume fraction of cementites have all reached the nanometer regime, and the conventional theory is not enough to explain it. Besides, the cementite dissolution is a huge problem to the performance, according to Y.S. Yang and C.G. Park. To address the above issues, a systematic study has been taken on the wire drawing process under the conditions of the industrial production. Through the morphology, microscopic, mechanical and comprehensive analysis, a clear understanding of the microstructures and associated professing conditions of the high-strength carbon steel wires has been obtained. This project aims to clarify why the mechanical properties improve with the increasing strain. The project will be carried out in four stages: 1) characterisation of the microstructure of the cold drawn steel wires; 2) measurements of the modulus, hardness and toughness of steel wires; 3) modelling the deformation behaviour of the cold drawn steels. The techniques involved in the project include X-ray diffraction (XRD), focus ion beam (FIB), scan electron spectrum (SEM), Nanoindentation. A deep understanding of the relationship between composition, structure and performance will be achieved in this project. The results may provide the basis for improving cold-drawn steel wire designs.
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Al-Shehri, Abdullah Saeed. „Drawing on possible self theory to explore the influence of subjectivity on individual learning and employees' attitudes toward learning behaviours popularized by two learning organization models“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42870.
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Drawing on possible self theory, this is a qualitative study that seeks to explore two major connected assumptions. The first is whether diverse possible selves can generate a wide variety of individual learning experiences. The second which the present study seeks to explore is the joint influence of the latter two (i.e. possible selves and the individual learning experiences generated therefrom) on employees' attitudes towards learning behaviours popularized by two LO models: Senge's model and Marsick and Watkins' model. In setting the theoretical scene, the researcher argues that such models have only mildly considered the complex issues of self and subjectivity, and suggests that failure to realize the ideal of the learning organization may be partially explained by failure to acknowledge the powerful role of subjectivity in generating different individual learning experiences. In this context, possible self theory has been employed as a means to understand individuals' subjectivities and how they might influence attitudes towards formal learning behaviours associated with two LO models. This is the main contribution the present study seeks to achieve. The sample of the study consisted of 19 employees working for a well-known Saudi public corporation. A semi-structured interview was used to elicit participants' responses after which those were explored and discussed. The findings of the study generally support the need to acknowledge the centrality of subjectivity in generating diverse learning experiences across the same organization. They also reveal the idiosyncratic nature of individual learning in a ways that challenge formal organizational learning policies and popular notions on the homogeneity of organizational cultures. The implications derived thereof for organizations, individual learning, and the LO concept are detailed in the concluding chapter.
32
Alkoles, Omar M. S. „Mechanical behaviour and fracture toughness of unfilled and short fibre filled polypropylene both drawn and undrawn. Experimental investigation the effect of fibre content and draw ratio on the mechanical properties of unfilled and short glass fibre filled polypropylene“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5510.
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The goal of this research is to investigate the combined effects of glass fibre reinforcement and molecular orientation in polypropylene-short glass fibre composites. Specimens have been fabricated using the injection moulding process and drawn using a small die drawing rig. The effects of die drawing on the fibre composites are complex, with the drawing process orienting both the polymer molecules and the glass fibres. This may be accompanied by the creation of voids in the polymer matrix and their destruction in the compressive stress field thus restoring the interfacial contact area between fibre and matrix. Unfilled and short glass fibre filled polypropylene specimens, with fibre content 7% wt, 13%wt, 27%wt, and 55%wt, were injection moulded prior to the die drawing process. An experimental program of die drawing within an oven at elevated temperature was conducted for polypropylene filled to various levels and at different strain rates. The specimens drew to draw ratios in the range ¿=1.41 to ¿=5.6. Mechanical characterization of the test materials has been conducted by examining the tensile stress strain and fracture behaviour under uniaxial conditions. The influence of glass fibre content and drawing conditions (draw ratio) on the fracture toughness and crack propagation was investigated using the double edge notched fracture test. The notch lengths ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 mm for 10 mm wide specimens. The critical stress intensity factor increased as the fibre content increased up to a limiting filler level. The fracture toughness of both unfilled and fibre filled polypropylene were found to be highly dependent on draw ratio. The results were analysed to find out the optimal draw ratio and fibre content that yielded the maximum modulus, strength and fracture toughness. Data showed that, at a given draw ratio, modulus, strength and fracture toughness increased with increasing fibre content to a maximum and then decreased. The optimum material was obtained at a draw ratio of 2.5 and filler loading 13wt%.
33
Alkoles, Omar M. „Mechanical behaviour and fracture toughness of unfilled and short fibre filled polypropylene both drawn and undrawn : experimental investigation of the effect of fibre content and draw ratio on the mechanical properties of unfilled and short glass fibre filled polypropylene“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5510.
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The goal of this research is to investigate the combined effects of glass fibre reinforcement and molecular orientation in polypropylene-short glass fibre composites. Specimens have been fabricated using the injection moulding process and drawn using a small die drawing rig. The effects of die drawing on the fibre composites are complex, with the drawing process orienting both the polymer molecules and the glass fibres. This may be accompanied by the creation of voids in the polymer matrix and their destruction in the compressive stress field thus restoring the interfacial contact area between fibre and matrix. Unfilled and short glass fibre filled polypropylene specimens, with fibre content 7% wt, 13%wt, 27%wt, and 55%wt, were injection moulded prior to the die drawing process. An experimental program of die drawing within an oven at elevated temperature was conducted for polypropylene filled to various levels and at different strain rates. The specimens drew to draw ratios in the range γ=1.41 to γ=5.6. Mechanical characterization of the test materials has been conducted by examining the tensile stress strain and fracture behaviour under uniaxial conditions. The influence of glass fibre content and drawing conditions (draw ratio) on the fracture toughness and crack propagation was investigated using the double edge notched fracture test. The notch lengths ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 mm for 10 mm wide specimens. The critical stress intensity factor increased as the fibre content increased up to a limiting filler level. The fracture toughness of both unfilled and fibre filled polypropylene were found to be highly dependent on draw ratio. The results were analysed to find out the optimal draw ratio and fibre content that yielded the maximum modulus, strength and fracture toughness. Data showed that, at a given draw ratio, modulus, strength and fracture toughness increased with increasing fibre content to a maximum and then decreased. The optimum material was obtained at a draw ratio of 2.5 and filler loading 13wt%.
34
McVicker, Melissa L. „The Sisters' Experience of Having a Sibling with an Autism Spectrum Disorder“. Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1372286818.
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35
Lin, Yu-Te, und 林育德. „The Behavior Analysis of Micro-Drawing Aluminum Sheet“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16487975655093457943.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
機械與機電工程學系
97
In this study, effect of drawing process and redrawing process on formability of cylindrical cup micro-drawing of 5052 aluminum alloy sheet is clarified experimentally. Such as drawing depth, drawing force and out diameter of flange. On the other hand, the application of 1000Hz oscillation fit in the radial vibration of punch and 30 degree vibration of punch. Moreover, Using Stainless steel design horn by combining die and amplified, the application of 27000Hz oscillation fit in the axial vibration of die. Further, the study discusses how vibratory influences the results of drawing process. Finally, using by electron microscope observe thickness vibration of sheet in the radial vibration.
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Huang, M. H., und 黃美華. „Study of Gelation and Drawing Behavior of Polypropylene Solution“. Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18140478783387526565.
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37
Chen, Wan-Hsien, und 陳婉嫻. „A Multiple-Case Study of Fourth Graders’ Free Drawing Behavior and Content“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05211246947939817202.
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38
Singh, M. „Thermal Behavior of Optical Fibers during the Cooling Stage of the Drawing Process“. Thesis, 2011. http://raiith.iith.ac.in/976/1/ME09G009.pdf.
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Thermal behavior of optical fibers during the cooling stage of the drawing process
has been studied numerically. An optical fiber during the cooling stage of the
drawing process can be modeled as an infinite cylinder moving in still air at a
constant speed. Two-dimensional unsteady energy equation is solved using fourth
order Rungue-Kutta method (RK-4) for time integration and second order finite
difference schemes for spatial derivatives. Two-dimensional steady boundary layer
equations are solved to estimate the value of convective heat transfer coefficient at
the surface of the fiber using implicit finite difference method. The velocity and
temperature contours are plotted with different values of Reynolds number. The
value of convective heat transfer coefficient is matching very well with the results
available from the literature. Results are reported with different speed and size of
the optical fiber. Reported results show that the cooling rate of the optical fiber is
increases with the increase of drawing velocity at a fixed diameter. The cooling rate
of the optical fiber is increases with the increase of diameter at a constant drawing
velocity. The cooling rate of the optical fiber decreases with the increase of thermal
conductivity for a fixed size and drawing speed of the fiber. The present results are
matching very well with results available from the literature.
39
Tsai, Chih-Fang, und 蔡知芳. „The Study of Cognitive Behavior from Children Drawing Elementary Level Children in Tainan as the Research Example“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24wyg4.
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碩士東方設計學院
文化創意設計研究所
103
The research purpose is to discover the relevance between cognitive behavior and children’s drawing from their projective drawing performance. The researcher takes elementary school level students in Tainan as research subjects to proceed qualitative research. The two theories, Piaget’s cognitive development theory and Viktor LowenFeld’s development periods of children's drawing were adopted as the related references. Moreover, ten projective drawing tests were performed to put into practice. Totally, the researcher had collected nine hundred children drawings, questionnaires, children interview contexts, teacher interview sheets, and parents’ questionnaires as database to analyze the results. The purpose of the research is to discover the relationship between children’s personality development and family interaction from drawings. The research excerpted ten drawing contents as following, the house, the tree, the people, house-tree-person, self-portrait, my family, what do I do with my family, my dreams, free drawing, and Mandala drawing. Among ten contents, the researcher chose four topics, which includes the house, the tree, the people, and what do I do with my family to analyze the data. The research outcome was stated below. According to the analysis, the content of children drawings mostly match the theory of drawing development, cognitive development and children drawing psychology analysis. The children’s drawings significantly reflect their life experience and records. It also shows the general family activities. Thus it can be seen that family life is an important place to project children’s drawing content. Moreover, after analyzing the drawing content, seven or eight-year-old children only draw what they see from their surroundings. However, after nine years old, they started to express the self-ego and inner feelings from the drawing. It explains the relationship between age and drawing. Besides the age factor, the gender shows the different angles from the drawing. Generally speaking, female children prefer to use cute icons, human interaction and abundant scene to express their feelings. The male children’s drawing tells a different story. The content is much simpler than the females. Mischievous style, competitive element, weapons, transportation, and sports are occurred in the drawing to show how they feel. The result makes the gender conception stand out. In conclusion, the research result indicates drawing is a free and fenceless expression. It helps adults to utilize drawing as a media to enter children’s world to discover their life experiences and inner emotion. It benefits to communicate with children and rebuild the alienation between parents and children. Parents will not miss the opportunity to guide and show concerns about children’s emotion and cognitive development, which also help children release their pressure in order to develop positive personality. Children are able to develop healthier bodies and minds.
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Hua, Chang-Ligh, und 張凌華. „Influence of spinning speed, extraction and drying processes on the ultra-drawing behavior of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers“. Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47871560060937454088.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
纖維及高分子工程研究所
88
ABSTRACT This research mainly discusses the influence of the extractive drying and rolling speed on the properties of the gel fiber during and after hot stretch, in which the gel solution is made of blending UHMWPE and LMWPE. The original gel fiber loses weight and shrinks evidently during extractive drying. But if increases the front extraction time will reduce the rear balanced drying time substantially, therefore removes the remnant solvent in gel fiber rapidly. After certain extractive drying time, the optimal remnant quantity, which benefits the extra-stretch property, appears after balanced drying time. But it is interesting that after certain extraction and drying time that obtain the optimal remnant quantity, the stretch ability ratio and the strength of the gel fiber after stretch raise evidently following the increasing of the front-extraction time. But exceeding 1800 second of front-extraction time, the stretch ability ratio and the strength after stretch will not rise obviously following the increase of the front-extraction time. Besides, the second stage constant temperature stretch ability ratio （λP）of the gel fiber decreases evidently following the increasing of the first stage rolling speed, but λP comes to maximum value when temperature reaches certain optimal stretch one. The total stretch ratio（λT）of the gel fiber increases clearly when increasing the first stage rolling speed; but when the rolling speed reaches some threshold value, fast rolling speed may cause the molecular entanglement of UHMWPE disentangle, that is harmful to second stage hot stretch substantially, and reduces the total stretch ratio. In fact, the birefringence and the property of strength raise following the increase of λT of gel fiber; however, it is interesting that, under the same total stretch ratio in the first stage rolling extraction, the orientation（birefringence）and strength are not as good as gel fiber samples in second stage high temperature stretch.
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Li, J., X. Zhao, L. Ye, Philip D. Coates und Philip D. Caton-Rose. „Multiple shape memory behavior of highly oriented long‐chain‐branched poly(lactic acid) and its recovery mechanism“. 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17008.
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YesThe shape memory effect of highly oriented long‐chain‐branched poly(lactic acid) (LCB‐PLA) prepared through solid‐phase die drawing technology was studied by comparison with PLA. When the recovery temperature increased from 60°C to 120°C, for PLA, only one‐step recovery at about 80°C can be observed and the recovery ratio was below 21.5%, while, for LCB‐PLA, multiple recovery behavior with high recovery ratio of 78.8% can be achieved. For oriented PLA, the recovery curve of the final sample showed the same trend with that of sample suffering just free drawing; while for oriented LCB‐PLA, the recovery curve of the final sample showed the same trend with that of sample suffering just die drawing. After shape recovery, the mechanical properties of LCB‐PLA showed a linear downward trend with the recovery temperature. Together with amorphous phase, the oriented mesomorphic phase, which formed during solid die drawing, can act as switching domains. And thus, upon heating, the chain segment of amorphous phase relaxed at first and triggered the first macroscopical shape recovery, leading to the decrease of long period (Lac) and the thickness of the amorphous layer (La). Then, with further increasing temperature, the oriented mesomorphic phase gradually relaxed resulting subsequently multi‐shape recovery, and the Lac and the La further decreased. Therefore, by regulating the recovery temperature of oriented LCB‐PLA, the shape recovery ratio and mechanical strength can be controlled effectively, and thus the self‐reinforced and self‐fastening effect can be achieved simultaneously for PLA as bone fixation material.
42
Coates, Philip D., Philip D. Caton-Rose, Ian M. Ward und Glen P. Thompson. „Process structuring of polymers by solid phase orientation processing“. 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9638.
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NoSolid phase orientation of polymers is one of the most successful routes to enhancement of polymer properties. It unlocks the potential of molecular orientation for the achievement of a range of enhanced physical properties. We provide here an overview of techniques developed in our laboratories for structuring polymers by solid phase orientation processing routes, with a particular focus on die drawing, which have allowed control of significant enhancements of a single property or combinations of properties, including Young's modulus, strength, and density. These have led to notable commercial exploitations, and examples of load bearing low density materials and shape memory materials are discussed.
43
Van, Dullemen Ineke. „The resilience of children of HIV positive mothers with regard to the mother-child relationship“. Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28622.
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The purpose of this study was to explore and describe themes of resilience in the expressions and behaviours of six-year-old children with regard to the mother-child relationship, where the mothers are infected with HIV&AIDS. Themes of resilience were investigated within the framework of positive psychology. A study of limited scope was conducted from a phenomenological paradigm. I followed a mixed method methodological paradigm based on a case study design. I purposefully selected eleven six-year-old participants whose mothers are infected with HIV&AIDS from a five-year randomised control trail study (Kgolo Mmogo). Qualitative data collection methods included the transcriptions of structured baseline interviews relating to the Kinaesthetic Family Drawing (KFD), as well as the KFD per se. I utilised the scores from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (Vineland) as uantitative data collection strategy. The transcriptions were analysed by means of an inductive thematic analysis. For the analysis of the KFD I developed and piloted a framework of analysis. The raw scores from the Vineland were compared with the appropriate age norms and compared with themes of resilience identified from the KFD as well as the transcripts of the interviews. I identified both internal and external resources of resilience. The findings of my study illustrate the presence of themes of resilience as well as non-resilience within the participants and the mother-child relationships. More factors of resilience (protective factors) than non-resilience (risk factors) were identified. Secondly, it seems possible to use the KFD with the Vineland when exploring resilience as insights from both mother and child participants are measured. The integrated results from the different data sources indicate that although the results of the KFD and the transcriptions did not correlate with the results obtained from the Vineland, the results from the different data sources supplement one another. The use of the KFD as a measure to generate data related to resilience made it possible to evaluate adaptation and resilience in a specific cultural context unlike the Vineland. The results from the data sources indicate resilience and/or non-resilience in the mother-child relationship in terms of three categories namely, protective factors (Expressive Language Skills, Interpersonal Relationships and Play and Leisure Time), risk factors (Coping Skills and Gross Motor Skills) and a balance between protective and risk factors (Receptive Language, Daily Living Skills, personal and domestic, as well as Fine Motor Skills). It is feasible to use the KFD as a measure to identify themes of resilience and non-resilience when the drawing is accompanied by an interview.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
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Chi, Ching-Chiang, und 紀靜江. „Differential Study on House-Tree-Person Drawings of Highly-aggressive Behavior and Highly Anxiety Children“. Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79949438223159852536.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
輔導與諮商研究所
96
The study aims to explore the distinguishable graphic symbol of Children with Highly-aggressive Behavior and Children with Highly Anxiety on House-Tree-Person Drawings (H-T-P) Meanwhile, the researcher made an inductive investigation on self-descriptive drawing story of the two group children. Furthermore, the researcher compared and contrasted their performances in the drawing story. In the study, House-Tree-Person Drawings was the main research aid. The study employed the sampling in which 281 children at the fourth to sixth grade of three primary schools at Long-jing Township was sampled. Children with Highly-aggressive Behavior were sifted by two research aids; Children with Highly Anxiety were sifted by one research aid. Finally, 20 children were sifted as the subjects. The House-Tree-Person Drawings had been administered individually to all subjects by the researcher, and all subjects were asked to read aloud the picture drawing story. Structured interview was employed to collect data. Chi-square test and t-test were selected as the way to analyze the quantitative data. Besides, open-coding and inductive analyses were used to analyze the data collected by interview. The main findings were as follows: 1. The aspect of drawing expression: (1) In the picture of Children with Highly-aggressive Behavior, these characteristics of “sharp/long finger,” “aggressive weapon,” “fat and round body” appeared which implied emotional indicators were much higher than Children with Highly Anxiety. (2) In the picture of Children with Highly Anxiety, the characteristics of “shadowed big eyes,” “exaggerative eyes or over-emphasized eyes in detail” appeared which implied emotional indicators were much higher than Children with Highly-aggressive Behavior. (3) There was no significant difference on the emotional indicator total scores between Highly-aggressive Behavior Children and Highly Anxiety Children. (4) There was no significant difference on the time used to finish the pictures between the two groups. (5) There was no significant difference on the sequence of finishing house, tree and people. 2.On the aspects of drawing story: (1)For children with Highly-aggressive Behavior , the names of houses were more specific and negative （most names were non-fruit trees and elders）; for Children with Highly Anxiety, the names were vague and positive. (2) For Children with Highly-aggressive Behavior, their speech was more direct, and aggressive weapons happened frequently; for Children with Highly Anxiety, there was more emotional description. (3) For Children with Highly-aggressive Behavior, their behavior was over-matured. For the two groups of children, as they described of “others’ behavior”, the frequency of interaction was few. (4)In the interview, Children with Highly-aggressive Behavior answered “I don’t know” frequently, but not for Children with Highly Anxiety. (5) By the connection between people and house in the drawing, the relationship between personality and family was revealed. (6) For the two groups of children, the need of family and friendship were looked forward to. 3. The performance of integrative drawing and story contents: (1) For Children with Highly-aggressive Behavior, there were three emotional indicators achieve significant gains, which implied extroverted behaviors. (2) For Children with Highly Anxiety, during the storytelling interview, they had diversity of cognitive performance, which implied more introverted behaviors. Finally, the entire study was concluded with a summary of the major findings, pedagogical implications, and suggestions for counselors in counseling children and in future studies.
45
Figueiredo, José Miguel Fernandes. „Analysis of the tribological behaviour of W-Ti-N coatings“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/23872.
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The aim objective of this work is to provide an experimental database for the tribological characteristics, at room and warm temperature (100ºC, 150ºC and 200ºC), between the AA5754-O aluminium alloy and a steel (H13) coated with a thin film (W-Ti-N). The experimental database was built based on pin-on-disk tests, without lubricant and using a minimum amount of lubricant. In order to reproduce the different contact conditions associated to sheet metal forming process, two types of steel samples were coated: planar and spherical. The first type of samples was tested using as counter-body aluminium pins. The second type of samples was the counter-body of the tests performed with aluminium sheets.
The pin-on-disk tests were performed under identical conditions for: (i) planar sample coatings, obtained with different deposition conditions, tested at room temperature with the goal of analysing the influence of the coating properties in the contact conditions; (ii) aluminium sheets, using coated balls corresponding to one of the deposition conditions (N9). A different amount of lubricant was applied for each aluminium sheet, with the main goal of analysing the influence of the lubricant amount in the contact conditions, including the temperature effect; (iii) planar sample coatings (N9) using different amounts of lubricant, in order to evaluate the influence of the lubricant amount in the contact conditions, including the temperature effect.
The analysis of the minimum, maximum and average friction coefficients determined for each test, allowed to draw some global conclusions. The coated samples that present the lower range for the friction coefficient are not necessarily the ones with the lower wear volume for the pin. For the tests performed with aluminium sheets against coated and steel balls, it was observed a different evolution of the friction coefficient with time, associated to the temperature increase, as a result of the alteration of the lubricant characteristics. This effect was not observed for the tests performed with coated samples against the aluminium pins, which can be related with the different sample roughness. Globally, the average friction coefficient increases with temperature in case of the sheet planar sample, while it was not possible to determine the influence of the lubricant amount for the coated planar samples, since the average friction coefficient is similar for both samples, for each temperature.
This work also constitutes an important database for allowing the improving of the experimental procedure, results analysis and test planning in future works. In this context, some recommendations were listed for future reference.
46
Müller, Wolfhart. „Temperaturverhältnisse und Reaktionskinetik beim Ziehen und Wärmebehandeln von Draht“. Doctoral thesis, 1997. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22532.
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Die Temperaturverhältnisse beim Ziehen und Wärmebehandeln von Draht werden mit mathematisch-analytischen Methoden auf der Grundlage der FOURIERschen Wärmeleitungsgleichung eingehend untersucht. Insbesondere wird unter den spezifischen Wärmeübergangsbedingungen zwischen Draht und Ziehdüse sowie zwischen Draht und Ziehtrommel deren thermische Wechselwirkung analysiert. Ein Näherungsverfahren zur Berechnung der Drahttemperaturen in Zugfolgen unter Berücksichtigung des Ziehdüseneinflusses wird angegeben und mit einem Beispiel zum Nassziehen stark verzinkten Stahldrahts illustriert. Aus geschwindigkeitsabhängig gemessenen Änderungen des Drahtdurchmessers werden unter thermoelastischer Ziehringdurchmesserkorrektur Schmierfilmdicken bestimmt. Diffusionsgleichungen werden analysiert und ein Zusammenhang zur Reaktionskinetik wird hergestellt. Ein neues reaktionskinetisches Werkstoffmodell, das insbesondere auch im Falle stärker anisothermer Verhältnisse, also bei Kurzzeitwärmebehandlung anwendbar ist, wird vorgestellt.
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SHENG-SHAN, CHANG, und 張勝善. „Ultradrawing Behavior of One- and Two-Stage Drawn Gel Films of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene and Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene Blends“. Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08524479855524416429.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
纖維及高分子工程研究所
87
The ultradrawing behavior of gel films of plain ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and UHMWPE / low molecular weight polyethylene (LMWPE) blends was investigated using one- and two-stage drawing processes. The drawability of these gel films was found to depend significantly on the temperatures used in the one- and two-stage drawing processes. The critical draw ratio (c) of each gel film prepared near its critical concentration was found to approach a maximum value, when the gel film was drawn at an “optimum” temperature ranging from 95 to 105℃. At each drawing temperature, the one-stage drawn gel films exhibited an abrupt change in their birefringence and thermal properties as their draw ratios reached about 40. In contrast, the critical draw ratios of the two-stage drawn gel films can be further improved to be higher than those of the corresponding single-stage drawn gel films, in which the two-stage drawn gel films were drawn at another “optimum” temperature in the second drawing stage after they had been drawn at 95℃ to a draw ratio of 40 in the first drawing stage. These interesting phenomena were investigated in terms of the reduced viscosities of the solutions, thermal analysis, birefringence and tensile properties of the drawn and undrawn gel films.