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1
Abduraimova, Dilbar, Zaytuna Ibragimova, Makhsud Otakhonov und Djamila Khusanova. „Deformation processes in open drainages“. E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403010.
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The quality and quantity of agricultural products depend on land reclamation. Collector-drainage systems are used to improve the reclamation state of irrigated areas. The article discusses the stability of slopes of open collector-drainage networks in the irrigated lands of the Hungry Steppe. Discussed problems create during construction and providing productivity of drainages system in irrigation fields. The causes of the deformation process are discussed. The deformation process occurring as a result of landslides of the banks of open collectors is estimated. Recommendations for determining the stability of the banks of an open collector are based on the definition of a model of circular cylindrical sliding surfaces. Used statistic law of mechanics in calculation work based on the model of the ground movement around a cylindrical surface. During calculations, the main attention is given to the weight force, hydrodynamic force, and bite force of the ground. Stability coefficient calculated according to keeping moment (М1) moving moment (М2). In determining the stability of the soil, the main factor of the coupling of the adhesion between the soil particles is substantiated. The suffusion process occurring as a result of moistening and salinization of the soil of the shores of an open reservoir is estimated and analyzed, decreasing of stagnation coefficient in a result of ground absorption process. Analyzing soil samples of various salinities under laboratory conditions, soil adhesion was evaluated. Based on the studies, recommendations are given for the restoration of the shores of open drainages. The given recommendations are based on increasing the drainage's resilience and preventing deformation processes from constructing the drainage in slopes.
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Melwyn, Joshua R., R. Rajaperumal, J. Saravanavel, S. M. Ramasamy und K. Palanivel. „Centrifugal radial drainages and their geological significance in southern Kerala, India“. Disaster Advances 16, Nr. 2 (15.01.2023): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1602da025029.
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The drainage fabric is the reflection of the surface and sub-surface geological systems and processes of the Earth. In this context, the State of Kerala, has prolific network of drainages due to the unique physiographic conditions and it was studied to map the drainage fabric and the anomalies using IRS FCC wrapped DEM of SRTM data of the Southern parts of Kerala. The study revealed the occurrence of larger centrifugal radial drainages conspicuously in a number of places. Such drainages seem to indicate the phenomenon of doming due to the still prevalent northerly directed compressive force related to the post collision tectonics and the east north easterly compressive force due to the rising of the Carlsberg ridge in the Arabian Sea. These both forces in combination might have resulted in the phenomenon of simultaneous cross folding leading to the formation of the domes. The active tectonics have serious implications on the natural disasters in general and the tectonically vibrant Kerala State in particular, therefore the drainage anomalies of Kerala warrant demanding studies.
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Gerasimov, Viktor, Evgenii Nizhegorodtsev und Evgenii Voronov. „The effect made by the interaction between rock and fibrous polymeric materials on the geotechnological processes“. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal, Nr. 1 (17.02.2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-1-27-35.
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Introduction. When mining by opencast, mining enterprises use dams and dikes to create circulating water settling basins. The settling basins are equipped with layer drainages carrying groundwater off and ensuring stability of structures. Fibrous polymeric materials (geotextiles) can be used as drainages serving as protective and drainage layers in the bases of heaps in the process of metals leaching from rocks. Research methodology. Geotextile drainages are calculated taking into account the uniform pressure from the overlying rock mass. Local deformation of fibrous materials caused by the force action of coarse rocks is not taken into account. Experimental studies of rock pressure on fibrous polymer materials have been carried out. The force measurement system creates the required force, the depth of the cone penetration into the fibrous material is measured using a dial indicator. The materials with a bulk density of 70, 110, 130 kg/m3 were used. Results. Analysis and discussion. The above theoretical studies allow to consider the probable cases of macrocontacts between rock and fibrous media and determine the ratio of local deformation in order to clarify fibrous media sizes and characteristics in future function as drainage and protective materials. Conclusions. Local deformations of fibrous media at the contact points may amount to 30–40% locally reducing the drainage capacity of fibrous material. Therefore, when designing structures made of rock, such as dikes, dams, leaching heaps, it is required to increase the design height of fibrous drainage by 10–30% taking into account macrocontacts with rocks.
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Fernández-Raga, María, Iván García-Díez, Julian Campo, Julio Viejo und Covadonga Palencia. „Effectiveness of a New Drainage System for Decreasing Erosion in Road Hillslopes“. Air, Soil and Water Research 14 (Januar 2021): 117862212098872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622120988722.
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Water is one of the most important erosive agents in roadside hillslopes. When these are built with ineffective drainage systems, erosion occurs, reducing road’s service life. However, these systems are not receiving the appropriate importance, given their strategic value. Therefore, a new drainage system called ‘branched’ is proposed in this study. Its technical and economic feasibility is compared with those of the traditional system, which consists of drainages with lines that follow maximum hillslope, to assess differences in relation to erosion, construction and maintenance costs, and service life. Different parameters were analysed, such as the average velocity of water (mm−1) running through the channels, its average specific energy (kJ), and its drag force (N). A scale model was constructed and used to test these factors before implementing it in natural terrain for testing it under field conditions. According to the theoretical and measured results, these factors were lower in the branched drainage than in the traditional one (from 24% to 34% in speed, from 37% to 60% in energy, and from 51% to 73% in force). The service life of hillslopes with a branched system of up to 0.5 m high and 1:2 grade is significantly longer than in those with a traditional drainage. Although the initial economic expense for the construction of the branched system is higher (€3534/m3 as opposed to €2930/m3 for the traditional one), its maintenance cost will be lower than the traditional one (€1230/m3 per year for the branched one as opposed to €1332/m3 per year for the traditional one). Consequently, under our experimental conditions, the proposed drainage will be profitable from the eighth year of construction, saving on the road maintenance in the following 15 years of service life.
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Schachinger, Tobias, Florian J. Arbeiter, Stefanie Eichinger und Florian Saliger. „Research on pipe materials for tunnel drainage by the ÖBB Task Force Drainage“. Geomechanics and Tunnelling 12, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2019): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/geot.201900022.
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Han, Tao, Tingting Luo, Tao Zhang, Yong Yan, Xiaoxu Hu, Tao Yan und Weihao Yang. „Analysis on the Vertical Additional Force of Shaft and Drainage Settlement Characteristics of Topsoil Containing Multiaquifers“. Geofluids 2022 (25.07.2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4884595.
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The vertical additional force induced by the drainage consolidation settlement of the topsoil is one of the main factors for shaft wall fracture. To date, the number of aquifers of topsoil rises with the depth increasing of shaft, which would lead to a more serious additional force effect. Thus, studying the vertical additional force law of the shaft when drainage settlement occurs in its surrounding topsoil containing multiaquifers is of great significance to predicting the shaft stress and guarantying shaft safety. In this study, mechanical analysis of the topsoil with the shaft crossing multiaquifer was carried out, and the settlement of each aquifer and aquiclude was calculated by separating the single-slope drainage consolidation and the double-slope drainage consolidation. Then, the calculation model of vertical additional force was established due to the settlement caused by the reaction of the additional force on the topsoil containing multiaquifers, and the calculation model of shaft wall stress was also developed. Verification of this model was conducted by comparing the filed measurement data of the shaft wall strain and the theoretical data calculated by the stress model. Finally, the effect laws of drainage velocity, central aquifer thickness, location, and number on the additional force were obtained and analysed. This paper is expected to provide theoretical support for predicting the additional force and shaft wall stress during its service time.
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Liu, Shiyang, Xuefu Zhang, Feng Gao, Yun Li und Dulaimic Al. „Parameter optimization of anti-crystallization flocking drainage pipe based on macro force and displacement characteristics of villus“. Thermal Science 25, Nr. 6 Part A (2021): 4127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2106127l.
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The crystal blockage of tunnel drainage pipe seriously affects the smoothness of the whole drainage system. Therefore, it is very important to effectively prevent crystal plugging in tunnel drainage system to ensure the safety and stability of lining structure during tunnel operation. Based on the macro force and displacement characteristics of villus, the optimization of villus diameter and villus length of flocked drainage pipe at low flow rate was studied by numerical simulation. The results show that: there is a difference of 1-2 orders of magnitude between the 3-D displacements of the bottom villus and one order of magnitude between the 3-D displacements of the side villus of the flocked drainage pipe; with the increase of villus length, the 3-D displacement of villus increased parabola and with the increase of villus diameter, the 3-D displacement of villus decreased gradually; the results show that the first and third principal stresses of the bottom villus increase linearly with the increase of villus length, while the first and third principal stresses of the side villus increase parabola with the increase of villus length; when the flow rate is 2 cm/s, the diameter of villus is 0.6 mm and the length of villus is 20 mm. Flocking drainage pipe anti crystal plugging technology fills the blank of tunnel drainage pipe anti crystal plugging research. This technology can reduce the maintenance cost of tunnel drainage system during operation, and ensure the safe and normal operation of the tunnel.
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Han, Tao, Yong Xue, Weikui Lv, Yu Zhang und Tingting Luo. „Prediction and Analysis of Vertical Additional Force of Shaft Wall in Topsoil Containing Multiple Aquifers during Drainage“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 4 (05.02.2023): 2877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042877.
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Studying the additional force in topsoil containing multiple aquifers can have a significant impact on predicting shaft wall fracture and guaranteeing shaft safety, as the aquifer number increases as drainage occurs. In this study, a numerical model calculating the effect of drainage on additional force in topsoil, containing multiple aquifers, was established on the basis of several practical engineering cases. The changes in the stress displacement of the shaft wall was analyzed during three different stages of shaft construction using typical parameters, and the effects of the various factors on the additional force variation under different water level gap conditions, depending on whether the drainage was synchronized or unsynchronized, were studied. The results indicate that the increment in the additional force, with an increasing water level gap in the central aquifer, is obviously larger than that in the bottom aquifer, and the difference in the maximum additional force between these two aquifers is approximately 0.6 MPa. The increasing number of central aquifers results in a higher increment in this force, which reaches 12 MPa with an increasing number of central aquifers. Meanwhile, a threshold value (about 0.6~0.7 H) exists for the depth of a central aquifer in terms of its effect on the additional force.
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Schachinger, Tobias, Lukas Sperger, Roman Heissenberger und Oliver Kai Wagner. „Task Force Drainage (TFD) - The project for life after“. Geomechanics and Tunnelling 10, Nr. 6 (28.11.2017): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/geot.201700045.
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Yang, Yan Min, Run Tao Zhang, Bo Qu und Jian Ping Sun. „Detection of Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete Pipes and Affected the Quality of Construction“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 904–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.904.
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Through analyzing construction method specimens parameter detection and external pressure loading test,test drainage construction technical indicators reinforced concrete pipes,cracks load,failure load,local deformation and overall deformation,research and evaluation of the performance of its force drainage construction quality management.
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Ding, Weicheng, Yimin Wu, Peng Xu und Kaixun Hu. „Research on the Mechanism of Frost Heaves Caused by Void Water Accumulation behind the Lining of High-Speed Railway Tunnels in Cold Regions“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 2 (16.01.2024): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020750.
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(1) Background: Lining voids and macroscopic water freezing are both prominent issues that threaten driving safety in high-speed railway tunnels. With the continuous expansion of the scale of high-speed rail tunnels in extremely cold areas in China, the issues of lining voids, water accumulation, and frost heaving have triggered heated discussions. The need to reveal the frost-heave mechanism is urgent. (2) Methods: Firstly, a simulation experiment of the frost heaving of accumulated water was carried out based on the discharge conditions of accumulated water. Secondly, a numerical model was used to study the evolution process of frost heaves caused by accumulated water in voids. Finally, a drainage coefficient was introduced to propose a method for calculating the frost-heave force of accumulated water in voids. (3) Results: The blockage of the drainage channel leads to the generation of frost-heave force; the freezing/thawing process of the void water develops from the thinnest part to the thickest part of the void edge, and the freeze/thaw cycle of the water body causes the frost-heave force to become greater and greater in the evacuated cavity. The higher the height and the closer the drainage channel is to the hollow bottom, the greater the frost-heave force when the accumulated water freezes. (4) Conclusions: When the evacuated water freezes, it develops from the thinner edge to the thicker center. The magnitude of the frost-heave force is affected by the freeze/thaw cycle, the height of the evacuated cavity, and the position of the drainage channel.
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Zou, Zongxing, Sha Lu, Fei Wang, Huiming Tang, Xinli Hu, Qinwen Tan und Yi Yuan. „Application of Well Drainage on Treating Seepage-Induced Reservoir Landslides“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 17 (19.08.2020): 6030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176030.
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In the process of rapid drawdown of reservoir water level, the seepage force in the slide mass is an important factor for the stability reduction and deformation increment of many landslides in the reservoir areas. It is feasible to improve the stability of seepage-induced landslide by employing a drainage well to reduce or eliminate the water head difference that generates the seepage force. In this paper, the Shuping landslide, a typical seepage-induced landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China, is taken as an example. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to figure out the seepage field, and the Morgenstein–Price method was adopted to calculate the landslide stability. Then the influence of horizontal location of the drainage well, drainage well depth, drainage mode on the landslide treatment effect, and the applicability of drainage well were analyzed. The results show that: (1) landslide stability increases obviously with the well depth in the slide mass, while the increment of landslide stability with the well depth is limited in the slide bed; (2) the sensitivity of the stability improvement with the depth is greater than that with the horizontal positions of the drainage wells in the slide mass; (3) the drainage well is suggested to be operated when the reservoir water falls rather than operates all the time; and (4) the drainage method is most suitable for landslides with low and medium permeability. These results provide deep insights into the treatment of seepage-induced landslides.
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Dagastine, Raymond R., Grant B. Webber, Rogerio Manica, Geoffrey W. Stevens, Franz Grieser und Derek Y. C. Chan. „Viscosity Effects on Hydrodynamic Drainage Force Measurements Involving Deformable Bodies“. Langmuir 26, Nr. 14 (20.07.2010): 11921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la1012473.
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Yogo, Naoki, Chiaki Toida, Takashi Muguruma, Masayasu Gakumazawa, Mafumi Shinohara, Makoto Kato, Ko Takahashi und Ichiro Takeuchi. „Successful Conservative Treatment of Traumatic Intraperitoneal Bladder Rupture in a Child: A Case Report“. Case Reports in Acute Medicine 2, Nr. 1 (23.04.2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499833.
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The urinary bladder is protected by the pelvic bones and hence is a site less susceptible to external force injury than other organs. As children’s bones are not fully developed, the risk of bladder injury by external force is greater in children than adults. Pelvic fractures often cause the bladder to rupture, as do strong external forces when the bladder is filled. Bladder rupture is categorized as extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal, and treatments differ between the two. Extraperitoneal injury usually heals after drainage alone, whereas intraperitoneal injury usually requires surgical intervention such as a combination of surgical repairs and drainage. Herein, we report a pediatric case of intraperitoneal bladder rupture successfully treated without surgical repair (i.e., with drainage via an intraperitoneal tube and a urethral catheter only). Our report suggests that nonoperative treatment is an option for pediatric patients with intraperitoneal bladder rupture if certain conditions are met.
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Dmytriiev, Dmytro, Serhiy Vasylchuk, Mariya Yaremchuk und Yulia Petrоvanchuk. „Experience of geosentetic materials use in drainage system device“. ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, Nr. 51 (12.10.2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2018.51.1285.
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At present, objects of responsibility (consequences) construction various classes, including SS-3 occurs in areas with possible manifestations of dangerous engineering-geological processes. One of such processes types is flooding. Based on the world experience, the main possibilities of using geosynthetic materials in various fields of construction are considered. Requirements for such materials and the conditions for their use are set out in European norms. An analysis of the program that is used to calculate drainage systems to meet force requirements in Ukraine is performed. These materials have good prospects for building in Ukraine with appropriate justification, considering the normative documents in force in our country.
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BP, Kampanje. „Adopting Lewin’s Force Field Analysis as Sustainable Tool to Reduce over Maize Dependence in Malawi“. Food Science & Nutrition Technology 8, Nr. 3 (03.07.2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000304.
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This study has found out that Malawi is currently entrenched in maize consumption while disregarding other healthier and cheaper food alternatives such as orange sweet potatoes, cassava and irish potatoes. This is leaving more Malawians malnourished while the country is suffering from massive forex drainage inhibiting the country from importing essential drugs and petroleum products. Continued over reliance on maize is therefore both an economic challenge and health hazard. Changing the current status quo however requires substantial commitment and Lewin’s Force Field Analysis was adopted to provide a platform to look at ways of redressing the current situation. There is a possibility of changing the current scenario through deliberate approaches in the school feeding programme.
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Crawford, David G., Charles R. Koch und Subir Bhattacharjee. „Characteristic Times for Pressure and Electrostatic Force Driven Thin Film Drainage“. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 5, Nr. 10 (01.10.2008): 2060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2008.1014.
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Shan, Renliang, Yonghui Wei, Chunhe Wang, Zhaolong Li, Yongzhen Li, Dong Liu und Xinpeng Zhao. „Research on the Failure Mechanism of Surrounding Rock in a Dynamic Pressure Roadway and Active and Passive Coordinated Support Technology“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 5 (23.02.2024): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051858.
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To study the phenomenon of large deformation and the failure of roadways under dynamic pressure, this paper takes the 10607 gas drainage roadway as the research object and presents the results of a theoretical derivation of equations for the boundary of the plastic zone of a dynamic pressure roadway with and without supporting force. The impacts of the mining influence coefficient and supporting force on the plastic zone boundary were explored for various lateral pressure coefficients. As the supporting force was increased, it was observed that there was a slight reduction in the radius of the plastic zone of the dynamic pressure roadway, while its scope and shape barely changed. Based on the failure mechanism of the dynamic pressure roadway, active and passive support technology was proposed, and the support effect was analyzed using FLAC3D 5.0 numerical simulation software for the case of the 10607 gas drainage roadway.
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Wang, Chaoqun, Yongxiang Zhang, Lirong Deng, Mingtao Zhao, Meiqi Liang, Lien-Chieh Lee, Cristhian Chicaiza-Ortiz, Long Yang und Tonghui He. „Visualization Network Analysis of Studies on Agricultural Drainage Water Treatment“. Processes 11, Nr. 10 (11.10.2023): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11102952.
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Excessive chemical substances in agricultural drainage water have serious adverse effects on the ecological environment of the watershed into which they are discharged. Therefore, it has attracted widespread attention from scholars worldwide. In this paper, 282 scientific articles related to agricultural drainage water treatment are selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database, and CiteSpace was used to visualize and analyze the knowledge map of this field. The most productive authors, institutions, and countries in agricultural drainage water research are graphically presented in this paper. Developing countries are becoming the core force in this realm of inquiry. In addition, this paper explains the changes in research topics in this field over time and reveals current research hotspots, including “desalination”, “denitrification”, and “phosphorus removal”. Future research endeavors in using bioreactors and agricultural drainage water ditches for treating agricultural drainage water are implied to become a research focus in this field. This paper also emphasizes that future environmental protection research should increase case studies in developing countries and develop corresponding solutions based on the actual situation of agriculture in rural areas of developing countries.
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Macneil, James WH, Rachel G. Wilkins, Russell P. Taylor und Howard M. Lau. „Does the method of “securing the catheter” make any difference?“ Journal of Clinical Urology 11, Nr. 1 (25.04.2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415817707156.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether commonly used methods of securing an indwelling catheter decrease the force transmission along the indwelling catheter to the bladder neck in response to an externally applied force. Materials and methods: A test apparatus was constructed to simulate key features of a catheter drainage system. A “bladder neck” was suspended from a force gauge, with an indwelling catheter inserted through it, tensioned with a urine drainage bag. The system was calibrated, and various methods of securement were tested, with the level of force transmitted to the bladder neck recorded. The methods of securement tested included: adhesive tape taped used a number of ways (including direct taping and a taped mesentery), and three commercially available devices. Results: Some securement devices were able to completely eliminate force transmission to the bladder neck (the Flexi-Trak and Grip-Lok devices). A taped mesentery performed well reducing the transmitted force by up to 85% compared with an unsecured control. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study we were able to demonstrate that some of the commonly used methods of securing indwelling catheters do work. We were also able to show that adhesive tape was still effective, although not as effective as commercially available devices.
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Rong, Feng, Li-min He, Yu-ling Lü, Ce Wang und Yi-shuo Han. „Dynamics Analysis of Droplets Collision with the Wall Driven by Buoyancy“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2594, Nr. 1 (01.10.2023): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2594/1/012045.
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Abstract Dynamics analysis of the oil droplet in water impacting on a rigid wall in the range of Re=9.3 ∼ 231.39, We=0.003 ∼ 0.637 was carried out by combining microscopic experiment with theoretical study. In the oil droplet’s force equation, we consider the added mass force and the water film induced force, in addition to the conventional forces, i.e. buoyancy and resistance to flow. Stokes-Reynolds drainage equation (i.e. SR model) and Young-Laplace equation (i.e. YL model) are combined with the force equation to numerically solve the motion law of oil droplets near the wall for different control parameters. The study indicates that coupled model would expect oil droplet velocities, motion trajectories and capture the kinetic behaviors of the water-film drainage evolution. The interfacial deformation of oil droplets causes changes in the pressure and the pressure distribution pattern has an important relationship with the shape of the oil droplet interface. These two forces play a dominant role in droplet motion during the collision and the maximum value of these two forces increases with increasing droplet size and Re number. Future research should shift towards complex oil-water systems and consider the effects of chemicals on oil droplets so that the application of the model will be more generalisable. At the same time, computer technology should be used to transfer the two-dimensional view to a three-dimensional view to analyse the deformation of the oil-water interface and to better understand the drainage process of the water film.
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Yang, Xin, Gongda Wang, Mingqi Ni, Longyong Shu, Haoran Gong und Zhie Wang. „Investigation on Key Parameters of N2 Injection to Enhance Coal Seam Gas Drainage (N2-ECGD)“. Energies 15, Nr. 14 (11.07.2022): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145064.
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Practice shows that CO2/N2-ECBM is an effective technology to enhance coalbed methane. However, there are few field tests in which the technology is applied to enhance the gas drainage in underground coal mines, and the effect is uncertain. In this study, firstly, the reasons for the decrease of gas drainage efficiency in the exhaustion period were analyzed based on the theory of fluid mechanics. Secondly, the mechanism of N2 injection to enhance coal seam gas drainage (N2-ECGD) was discussed: with the gradual decrease of gas pressure in the drainage process, coal seam gas enters a low-pressure state, the driving force of flow is insufficient, and the drainage enters the exhaustion period. The nitrogen injection technology has triple effects of “promoting flow”, “increasing permeability” and “replacing”. Thirdly, the numerical simulations of the nitrogen pressure on drainage effect were carried out based on the fully coupled model. The results show that the higher the nitrogen pressure, the greater the displacement effect between injection and drainage boreholes, the larger the effective range. Finally, a field test of N2-ECGD was carried out in the Liu Zhuang coal mine in Huainan Coalfield, China. The results show that N2 injection can significantly enhance the gas flow rate and CH4 flow rate in the drainage boreholes, and the coal seam gas content decreased 39.73% during N2 injection, which is about 2.6–3.3 times that of the conventional drainage. The research results provide an important guidance for promoting the application of N2-ECGD in underground coal mines.
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Zhang, Jianguo, Yuejin Zhou, Xin Zhou, Man Wang, Shuaitao Liu, Zhanbiao Yang und Lihui Zheng. „The Preparation of Active Support-Based Sealing Material and Sealing Effect Analysis“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 14 (19.07.2023): 8338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148338.
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To improve the effect of gas drainage, with the aim of overcoming the problem of air leakage of conventional sealing materials, this study proposed the concept of gas drainage borehole sealing with active support and developed a new type of sealing material with the properties of permeability, fluidity, expansibility, early strength and compressive resistance through orthogonal tests. Using a specially designed active support testing device, this study analyzed the development law of borehole fracture under the action of active support force, which was then verified via field tests at a mine in Henan Province, China. The results show that the higher the expansion rate, the smaller the internal friction angle and cohesion, which is reflected in the sharp decline in the peak strength of the sealing material. The active support force of the sealing material has a significant time effect. It increases rapidly at first, before its growth rate slows down and tends toward a certain value. The greater the active support force provided by the sealing material, the smaller the radius of the plastic zone and breakage zone; this observation is also true of the displacement around the borehole. The active support force of sealed boreholes can effectively inhibit the development of cracks around the hole and reduce the generation of gas leakage channels. Under the action of the same burial depth and active support force, the larger the mechanical parameters of rock, the smaller the radius of the plastic zone and the breakage zone, as well as the smaller the displacement around the borehole. As has been proven by engineering practice, under the same conditions, the gas drainage concentration of the new sealing material is 47.5%, which is 84.8% higher than that of the original sealing material.
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Gao, Can, Lei Jiang und Zhichao Dong. „Effect of Wettability and Adhesion Property of Solid Margins on Water Drainage“. Biomimetics 8, Nr. 1 (01.02.2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010060.
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Liquid flows at the solid surface and drains at the margin under gravity are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous research mainly focuses on the effect of substantial margin’s wettability on liquid pinning and has proved that hydrophobicity inhibits liquids from overflowing margins while hydrophilicity plays the opposite role. However, the effect of solid margins’ adhesion properties and their synergy with wettability on the overflowing behavior of water and resultant drainage behaviors are rarely studied, especially for large-volume water accumulation on the solid surface. Here, we report the solid surfaces with high-adhesion hydrophilic margin and hydrophobic margin stably pin the air-water-solid triple contact lines at the solid bottom and solid margin, respectively, and then drain water faster through stable water channels termed water channel-based drainage over a wide range of water flow rates. The hydrophilic margin promotes the overflowing of water from top to bottom. It constructs a stable “top + margin + bottom” water channel, and a high-adhesion hydrophobic margin inhibits the overflowing from margin to bottom and constructs a stable “top + margin” water channel. The constructed water channels essentially decrease marginal capillary resistances, guide top water onto the bottom or margin, and assist in draining water faster, under which gravity readily overcomes the surface tension resistance. Consequently, the water channel-based drainage mode achieves 5–8 times faster drainage behavior than the no-water channel drainage mode. The theoretical force analysis also predicts the experimental drainage volumes for different drainage modes. Overall, this article reveals marginal adhesion and wettability-dependent drainage modes and provides motivations for drainage plane design and relevant dynamic liquid-solid interaction for various applications.
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UZUNKAYA, Fatih, Ayşegül İDİL SOYLU, İbrahim GÖREN, Ahmet Veysel POLAT und Ahmet BEKTAŞ. „Evaluation of the change in liver stiffness after biliary drainage in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis“. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, Nr. 3 (23.04.2021): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.3.10.
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Increased liver stiffness (LS) due to extrahepatic cholestasis has been reported to reduce after biliary drainage. As far as we know, it has not been evaluated whether the method of drainage makes a difference in the change in liver stiffness until now. The aim of the study was to answer this question. The patients planned for endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) or percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) were enrolled for over an 18-months’ time period. In those without chronic liver disease or liver tumor, liver stiffness was measured before and 10 days after the intervention, using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography. A total of 30 patients were included in the study excluding the ones not fulfilling the criteria and were divided into two groups: EBD group (n = 15) and PBD group (n = 15). The measurements were above the cut-off value for severe fibrosis (1.55 m/s) in all patients with a mean of 2.50 ± 0.72 m/s before drainage. The pre-drainage values of the PBD group were significantly higher than of the EBD group (2.79 ± 0.58 m/s vs 2.22 ± 0.74 m/s, p = 0.02). In all patients except 11, a significant reduction was observed in the stiffness values. The reduction with PBD was more significant than with EBD (p = 0.04). Percutaneous biliary drainage provided a more significant reduction in liver stiffness in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. However, this result appears to be related to the nature of obstruction rather than the method of drainage, making the comparison weaker than expected from the original design.
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Fysh, Thomas H. S., und Douglas Ferguson. „Safer technique for passing abdominal trochar“. Surgical Techniques Development 1, Nr. 1 (08.07.2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/std.2011.e5.
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Many closed surgical drainage systems are delivered through the abdominal wall with a trochar. Sometimes this manoeuvre requires significant force, potentially compromising control and causing injury, either to the patient or to operating theatre personnel.
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Ghazvini, M. Ganjeh, R. Kharrat und M. Masihi. „A New Mathematical Model for Force Gravity Drainage in Fractured Porous Media“. Transport in Porous Media 83, Nr. 3 (29.09.2009): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-009-9476-0.
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Khosravani, Amir, Ahmad Jahan Latibari, Seyed Ahmad Mirshokraei, Mehdi Rahmaninia und Mousa M. Nazhad. „Studying the effect of cationic starch-anionic nanosilica system on retention and drainage“. BioResources 5, Nr. 2 (25.03.2010): 939–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.2.939-950.
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Nanoparticles are widely used in the papermaking industry as retention/ drainage aids, usually in conjunction with a high mass cationic polyelectrolyte such as cationic starch. However, little convincing knowledge of their role and mechanism in the wet-end system is yet found. This work focused on the role of nanosilica on papermaking wet end system in response to some processing parameters (drainage, retention, and electrostatic force of the whole system). The observations indicated that the nanosilica performance is defined by interactions of nanosilica with the complex aqueous environment of wet end system. The interaction mechanism seems to rely on introduction of nanoparticles into a cationic starch-fines-fibers network, converting the fiber mat on the forming wire into a porous structure that is responsive to retention and drainage.
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Pandey, Ripunjay. „Study of Bedrock River Profile of Upper Catchment of Kosi River Using Integral Method Called as Chi Analysis“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 1 (31.01.2022): 1131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39938.
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Abstract: Bedrock Rivers are generally interpreted with help of slope –area analysis, but noisy data makes such interpretation difficult. An integration of steady state form of stream power equation is applied. This integral method has the potential to provide precise quantity information about erosion rates and their temporal and spatial variations over areas of which topographic data are available. The chi (χ) value is dependent upon area upstream of channel, so an increase or decrease in the drainage area of river can be used to find the equilibrium across a drainage divide. Such that the rivers with same base level and uniform uplift and erosion tends to remain in steady state across the divide but any change in the base level because of tectonics or climate can force the river systems to move towards a unsteady state condition across the divide. We illustrate these applications with analyses of Kosi river profile extracted from digital topographic datasets. Keywords: Bedrock River, integration, stream power, topographic data, chi (χ) value, Channel, Drainage divide, drainage area, base level, Kosi river.
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Seddik, Hakime, Ralf Greve, Thomas Zwinger und Shin Sugiyama. „Regional modeling of the Shirase drainage basin, East Antarctica: full Stokes vs. shallow ice dynamics“. Cryosphere 11, Nr. 5 (18.09.2017): 2213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2213-2017.
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Abstract. A hierarchy of approximations of the force balance for the flow of grounded ice exists, ranging from the most sophisticated full Stokes (FS) formulation to the most simplified shallow ice approximation (SIA). Both are implemented in the ice flow model Elmer/Ice, and we compare them by applying the model to the East Antarctic Shirase drainage basin. First, we apply the control inverse method to infer the distribution of basal friction with FS. We then compare FS and SIA by simulating the flow of the drainage basin under present-day conditions and for three scenarios 100 years into the future defined by the SeaRISE (Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution) project. FS reproduces the observed flow pattern of the drainage basin well, in particular the zone of fast flow near the grounding line, while SIA generally overpredicts the surface velocities. As for the transient scenarios, the ice volume change (relative to the constant-climate control run) of the surface climate experiment is nearly the same for FS and SIA, while for the basal sliding experiment (halved basal friction), the ice volume change is ∼ 30 % larger for SIA than for FS. This confirms findings of earlier studies that, in order to model ice sheet areas containing ice streams and outlet glaciers with high resolution and precision, careful consideration must be given to the choice of a suitable force balance.
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Yan, Lin. „Research on Prefabricated Road base Technology under the concept of Sponge City“. E3S Web of Conferences 372 (2023): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337202006.
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The problems of construction period, quality and coordination between road construction and maintenance and road traffic often exist in the process of traditional urban road construction. The development of urbanization has brought about the rapid expansion of urban roads, and the changes in the permeability of urban underlying surface have also brought about urban waterlogging and urban water security problems. Making full use of the environmental protection, high efficiency and economic characteristics of the prefabricated process, through data investigation, theoretical calculation and mechanical analysis as the main means, the prefabricated prefabricated road base is studied and designed, drawing on the stress characteristics of the raft foundation of the building structure and the concept of beam and slab force transmission, forming the prefabricated beam and slab base in the form of raft structure, taking into account the actual drainage capacity of the urban pipe network and the outdoor drainage regulations, and setting drainage holes and gravel layers, Make the prefabricated road base have the function of organized drainage and water storage at the peak of runoff, so as to alleviate urban waterlogging to a certain extent and solve urban water safety problems.
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Mattei, Tobias A., Kalyani Nair, Martin Morris, Deric Cole, Michael Flatt, Carlos R. Goulart, Brian Kroeter, Shavonna Warren und Julian J. Lin. „Design and benchmark testing of a bicorporal pump for the treatment of normal-pressure hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension“. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 11, Nr. 2 (Februar 2013): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.10.peds12119.
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Object Addressing overdrainage and its associated complications is still one of the greatest challenges for future shunt designs for normal-pressure hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Nevertheless, as evidenced by tap test procedures, a small amount of CSF drainage seems to be enough to relieve patients' symptoms in most cases and, therefore, in opposition to other types of hydrocephalus, continuous CSF drainage may not be absolutely warranted. In such a clinical scenario, intermittent controlled drainage of a small amount of CSF during specific periods of the day through a 2-system pump may provide several advantages over continuous drainage of current single-system shunts. The goal in this study was to design and test an innovative concept of a bicorporal pump composed of a 2-part system. The first component was designed to be implanted in the patient and act as a pump connected to standard catheter tubing. The second component was designed to be used as an external device outside of the body and function as a power supply and control system. Ultimately, flow will only occur when the system is powered by the external device. Methods Testing and comparisons were performed to evaluate free fluid flow and the maximal flow after pumping in the standing and supine positions. After this, the authors compared the hydrodynamic effects of 2 different housing systems (2- and 3-in systems). An attenuation test was performed to show the effects of electromagnetic forces at progressively increasing distances. Finally, a biocompatibility report of the raw material used in the pilot design was completed. Results In the supine position, the effect of pumping was observed to increase the volumetric flow at a rate similar to or higher than that yielded in the free-flow tests. In relation to the attenuation test, it was observed that the volume drops off fairly quickly as the air gap distance was increased until ultimately reaching zero, with approximately 15 mm between the 2 components. In relation to the testing force, the 2-in housing model showed a considerable increase in the required electromagnetic force over the 3-in housing. Conclusions The authors successfully designed and tested a new intermittent drainage system through a bicorporal shunt, which provides several advantages over current single-system continuous drainage pumps. According to the authors' benchmark results, the 3-in housing model seems to be a better choice as it requires less force from the external electromagnet control. Moreover, attenuation tests demonstrated that, for proper functioning, the gap distance between the external and implanted devices should not be greater than 15 mm. Such initial benchmark results confirm the feasibility of such innovative design and provide support for future testing of the system in in vivo animal models and in future clinical series.
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Lv, Jianbing, Hao Wu, Jia Li, Xiaodong Wan und Helin Fu. „Analysis of Fouling Pattern of Tunnel Drainage Pipe in Karst Areas“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (15.09.2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8881333.
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As the groundwater in karst areas is rich in calcium ions, when the groundwater flows out of the tunnel drainage pipe, calcium carbonate crystals will be precipitated and then adhere to the pipe wall, which will easily cause chemical blockage in the drainage pipe wall, thus affecting the drainage efficiency and leading to the increase of water pressure outside the tunnel lining, affecting the safety and stability of the structure. Therefore, the blockage of calcium carbonate crystals in tunnel drains is one of the most important problems for the safe and normal operation of tunnels. In order to quantify and qualify the process of crystalline blockage in the drainage system of tunnels in karst areas, this paper constructs a numerical model with coupled multiphysical fields of the flow field and particle concentration field and also combines data from indoor tests to compare and verify the simulation results and analyze the time-varying law of crystalline solids deposited on the pipe wall. In this paper, we consider the force situation of crystalline solids in the pipe by water flow, analyze the related theories, comprehensively study the migration and deposition law of crystalline particles in the drainage pipe, and establish a numerical simulation model of the pipe crystallization rate considering temperature, flow velocity and concentration of sediment particles based on ANSYS FLUENT software, and refine and analyze several parameters in the model, so that it can provide a theoretical analysis framework for the tunnel drainage pipe blockage in karst areas by providing a theoretical analysis framework.
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Roux, Jean-Claude, Jean-Francis Bloch und Patrice Nortier. „Influence of the history of loading during beating on the evolution of the drainage resistance (SR)“. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, Nr. 2 (01.05.2012): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p208-210.
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Abstract This paper concerns the different refining loading conditions of a bleached softwood Kraft pulp on a Valley beater. The refining trials were performed in two stages; each stage was characterized by a constant normal force applied on the pulp in the gap clearance. In the first stage, the pulp was refined from an initial to a given pulp slowness (SR-45), with a force Fn1. Then, the refining was continued from the intermediate (SR-45) to the final pulp slowness with the force Fn2. By analogy with the pressing operation, we propose to introduce the concept of refining impulse defined as the product of the applied normal force by the duration time. This quantity is equal to the ratio of the refining energy to the peripheral speed. The refining intensity is proportional to the refining impulse divided by the number of crossing points. It was demonstrated that the pulp slowness evolution (SR) may be plotted as a master curve of the refining impulse. Consequently, the successive SR evolutions are only dependent on the refining impulse. It has to be noted that this quantity might be completed by the normal force itself to account for the prediction of the shortening of fibres.
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Rokochinskiy, A., V. Turchenyuk, P. Volk, N. Prikhodko, N. Frolenkova und O. Shevchenko. „FORMATION OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL-RECLAMATION SITUATION ON THE RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS OF THE DANUBE RIVER AND WAYS OF INCREASING THEIR ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT WEATHER AND CLIMATE RISKS“. Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, Nr. 3 (90) (2020): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.90.11.
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The analysis of the main reasons for the unsatisfactory hydrogeological-reclamation state of the Danubian rice irrigation systems was carried out and the ways of its improvement due to the increase of drainage ability of irrigated lands of rice systems were considered. On the saline lands of the rice systems of the Danube delta drainage network is the main means of active and directed influence on the water-salt regime of the reclaimed area, formation of the regime of groundwater level, both in the growing season and in the not irrigated period for rice and attendant crops. Drainage network is essentially a determining factor in the formation of productivity of agricultural lands. An analysis of the efficiency of the drainage operation on the rice systems of the Danube Delta has shown that drainage built in accordance with the design standards that were in force at the time of construction does not provide uniform drainage ability in the area and the soil profile of rice fields. This is one of the main reasons for their unsatisfactory hydrogeological-reclamation state and reducing the yield of rice and attendant crops. By conducting optimization calculations according to the expense indicator, taking into account that optimal vertical filtration rate for the Danubian rice irrigation systems is at the level of 6...8 mm/day the optimal distance between the drains – 100 m was determined. Constructive improvement of existing rice systems with the drainage network in the form of open drains and distances between them – 250...500 m can be accomplished through the installation of additional separate closed drain-collectors. These drain-collectors are appropriate to arrange along the checks, with the set distance. For reducing the value of the vertical filtration rate in the drainage zone where it reaches 25 mm/day it is advisable to practice maintaining of water levels in the drainage network. Consequently, it is possible to achieve a reduction of the filtration rate to 4…5 mm/day. Developed measures and corresponding reconstruction of rice systems will enable to maintenance of satisfactory hydrological and hydrogeological regimes,ensure uniform salinity of soils during the cultivation of flooded rice, create favorable conditions for oxidation-reducing processes and maintenance of favorable ecological-reclamation state on the system.
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Cheng, Wei Min, Lu Lu Sun, Gang Wang und Hong Yuan Qu. „Gas Control Technology under Unstable Disturbance Stress“. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 15 (April 2015): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.15.26.
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Under the action of unstable disturbance stress, the stress concentration and roadway deformation are serious when tunneling along the goaf with small pillar while the adjacent working face is mining. This leads to the abnormal gas discharge and the increase of gas emission, and the effectiveness of gas drainage is reduced. In order to eliminate the threat of gas, the dynamic gas control technology of tunneling along the goaf with small pillar under unstable disturbance stress has been researched. The main sources of loads are confirmed by the analysis of dynamic and static loads. Combined with the force analysis of roadway and pillar, the stress superposition level is affected by the relative location of heading face and working face, and the regional characteristics. The measured surrounding rock deformation of A4007 return roadway heading face fits the theoretical analysis and pressure step of working face. The dynamic gas control technology is researched from the aspects of air volume, high-level gas drainage and goaf drainage, and applied in A4007 working face. The gas has been well controlled with the gas concentration of top corner of 0.62% and gas concentration of return current of 0.35%. As a result of the flow control, the gas drainage has not casused spontaneous combustion.
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Rapinel, S., L. Hubert-Moy, B. Clément, J. Nabucet und C. Cudennec. „Ditch network extraction and hydrogeomorphological characterization using LiDAR-derived DTM in wetlands“. Hydrology Research 46, Nr. 2 (27.06.2013): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.121.
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While much emphasis has been placed on the importance of hydrology as a driving force for wetlands, few small stream drainage networks have been mapped. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data can provide very high-precision topographic maps over large areas, and have been used to extract drainage networks in forested areas, vineyards, and high mountain pastures. The study objective is to reconstruct the ditch network from LiDAR data in wetlands estimating the required accuracy for assessing their functions. Several Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) have been derived from LiDAR data with different point densities, ranging from 4 to 1 point/m² with four interpolation methods. Then, the drainage network has been extracted from each DTM using an object-based image analysis. This approach has been applied in wetlands located near the Mont-Saint-Michel, France. Results have been validated with field data. They show that the quality of the drainage network map significantly depends primarily on the LIDAR data precision (point-density) and, to a lesser extent, on the interpolation method used. A minimum precision of 2 points per m² is required to properly represent the ditch network. The Nearest Neighbor interpolation method provides the best results and in the shortest computation time.
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Elvey, Michael H., Philip Pastides, Evangelia Protopapa und Timothy Halsey. „Dip and drip, swipe or squeeze? The best method of draining water for optimal strength in a plaster of Paris backslab“. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, Nr. 7 (04.06.2018): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418778989.
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Plaster of Paris backslabs are used post-operatively to provide stability and protect repaired structures. We hypothesized that forceful expulsion of excess water during backslab construction could weaken the backslab by reducing the final gypsum content. Our aim was to compare the final dry mass and strength of backslabs prepared by three different techniques: ‘dip and drip’, ‘swipe’ and ‘squeeze’. We applied an increasing force until the point of failure of the 30 backslabs prepared by the three methods. Backslabs prepared by swiping or squeezing away excess water were 9% lighter and 26% weaker and 13% lighter and 33% weaker, respectively, in comparison with simple drip drainage, and all results were statistically significant. We conclude that forceful drainage of excess water produces significantly weaker backslabs.
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Tian, Wen Gao. „Analysis and Control Methods of Side Slope Stability“. Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1628.
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This paper makes a comprehensive study of side slope control nearby apartment buildings in a university in Southwest China by investigating its geological condition, making a stability analysis, calculating landslide force, and designing a control project by adopting anti-slide piles plus drainage system, and explores the reasonable pile gap on the basis of anti-sliding stability and security and makes a conclusion.
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Ignatchik, V. S., S. Y. Ignatchik, N. V. Kuznetsova und A. Y. Fes’kova. „IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE HYDRAULIC MODES OF OPERATION OF SURFACE RUNOFF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS“. Water and Ecology 25, Nr. 4 (2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.4.50-57.
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Introduction. Based on Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 782 “On water supply and wastewater disposal plans”, the volume of generated wastewater should be forecast for a period of at least 10 years. Along with this, it is also necessary to assess the hydraulic modes of operation of networks and collectors, specified earlier. However, the existing regulatory literature lacks data on the dynamics of calculated rain intensities and their prospective values. The analysis of the subject area showed that it is possible to determine the climatic parameters of an area, and thus establish the values for the characteristics of calculated rain, based on the data of long-term observations (from 20 years) with one self-recording rain gauge, or with a network of similar rain gauges, with a duration of observations of 5 years or more. A similar network of rain gauges is available in St. Petersburg. It makes it possible to assess the actual values of climatic parameters, but due to the lack of statistical data does not allow for assessing the dynamics of their changes. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to roughly estimate the dynamics of changes in climatic parameters in St. Petersburg and the degree of their impact on the hydraulic modes of operation of surface runoff drainage networks and collectors. Methods. In the course of the study, we analyzed the dynamics of changes in the total annual precipitation H and rain force in St. Petersburg and examined the influence of the dynamics of rain force changes on the operation of surface runoff drainage networks and collectors. Results. At the first stage of the study, we obtained the results of linear approximation of the H data, the calculated values of rain force changes Δ, and the results of linear approximation of the Δ data. The second stage of the study resulted in changes in the hydraulic modes of runoff input during the design period and in 50 years. Conclusion. We experimentally substantiated the possibility to determine the dynamics of rain force changes (at P = 0.33 and with acceptable accuracy) depending on the dynamics of changes in the total annual precipitation. For networks designed and laid 50 years ago, the actual rain force changes will be 9 %. As a result of climate change, water consumption in the calculation periods increased by about 26% with an increase in the total volume of discharged water by 9–10 %.
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He, Peng Li, und Dong Xiao Zhang. „Application of Shaft Lining Monitoring System in the Deep and Thick Overburden“. Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (März 2012): 1099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.1099.
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The vertical additional force could make the shaft lining in deep topsoil fracture. The force is caused by the bottom aquifer drainage settlement. In order to analyze the mechanical state of shaft, a shaft lining automatic monitoring system is built. The overall safety can be valuated by it. When monitoring data show that the shaft lining will be fractured, management measures can be timely taken to prevent more damage. In the process of ground grouting treatment to prevent shaft fracture, the monitoring data can be as the shaft lining stability and grouting parameters adjustment basis, to ensure safety and grouting reinforcement effect.
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Andjelic, L., M. Pavlovic und B. Babovic. „Features of system for water recirculation in thermal power plant ‘Morava’ on the right bank of River Velika Morava“. Water Practice and Technology 8, Nr. 3-4 (01.09.2013): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.034.
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The thermal power plant ‘Morava’, with a productive force of 125 MW, is located on the right bank of the River Velika Morava, near the city of Svilajnac, Serbia. This power plant uses coal for production. Ash and slag from the coal are burned and go to a landfill by hydraulic transport. The ratio of the liquid/solid mixture is 10:1. Towards the reduction of water quantity taken from the Velika Morava river for hydraulic transport, it's provided to build a water recirculation system for overflow and drainage water from landfill to power plant. In this paper, the results of the hydraulic study of water balance in landfill is shown. The goal of this study is to assess the water quantity in landfill, which can then be reused for hydraulic transport. For dimensioning of drainage system and overflow building on landfill, it was necessary to perform detailed analysis of rainfall and filtration throw landfill. With results of water quantity in drainage system, and overflow water, all parts of the recirculation system of water, from landfill to power plant, was performed. Also, in this paper are the data of hydraulic transport of mixture of water and ash/slag.
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You, Qi Yong. „Numerical Simulation of the Stability of Added Lime Expansive Soils Embankment“. Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.821.
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The main reason of expansive soil embankment slope landslide is the infiltration of rainwater. Analyzing engineering characteristics and failure mechanism of expansive soil embankment slope, considering the force of expansion under the infiltration of rainwater, and choosing the appropriate constitutive model, simulate expansive soil embankment slope under humidification state. According different conditions of the expansive soil and different depth of infiltration, and simplifying the swelling force, establish a simple and reasonable model of expansion force changes. Expansive soil embankment slope stability is mainly affected by the moisture of expansive soil slope after analyzing the calculation results. The safety of expansive soil slope after immersion in rainwater decreases significantly. It shows designers should choose reasonable slope ratio and consider the embankment slope protection and drainage measures.
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Yang, Dongxu, Yong You, Wanyu Zhao, Hai Huang, Hao Sun und Yang Liu. „Abrasion Behavior and Anti-Wear Measures of Debris Flow Drainage Channel with Large Gradient“. Water 12, Nr. 7 (29.06.2020): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071868.
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Debris flow gullies have high potential energy and geomorphic characteristics including a steep longitudinal slope and abundant loose material sources. They often experience debris flow with a strong impact force and a large instantaneous flow. Drainage engineering measures are most commonly used for mitigation in these gullies. However, the abrasion of drainage channels with large gradients (DCLG) is complex and strong because of the high-speed flushing of debris. In this study, the abrasion behavior of debris flow in DCLG is analyzed based on the kinematic characteristics and the theory of composite abrasive wear. Energy dissipation and anti-wear measures are suggested, and their effects are summarized with reference to a case study and in situ observation. The results show that there are four main types of wear morphology in drainage channels. The abrasion system of drainage channels shows the characteristics of system dependency, time dependency and multidisciplinary coupling. Energy dissipation and anti-wear measures include prefabricated reinforced concrete boxes as substrate, transverse roughening belts, adding a wear-resistant admixture, etc. The flow velocity of the debris flow is reduced by 5.7–37.1% after passing through the energy dissipation section. The distribution of abrasion and the mud depth show that the variation trend of the flow velocity in the channel is ”acceleration → deceleration → reacceleration“. According to tracking observations during two flood seasons, the energy dissipation and anti-wear measures are the most effective.
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Zhang, Yonglei, und Richen Ji. „Research on frost heave of channels in cold areas based on electroosmotic drainage“. E3S Web of Conferences 490 (2024): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449003008.
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In order to study the influence of electroosmosis treatment channel foundation soil on frost heave failure of concrete lining channel in cold areas under different voltages, the surface temperature of concrete lining was calculated according to the principles of atmospheric physics and thermal radiation. The finite element software was used to simulate the use of 20V, 40V and 60V voltage electroosmosis to treat the channel foundation soil, reduce the moisture content of the canal foundation soil, and numerically simulate the frost heave of the lining channel. The results show that after 20V, 40V and 60V voltage electroosmosis treatment, the moisture content of the base soil tends to be stable after 59h, 71h and 90h, respectively, and the moisture content can be reduced by 46.9%, 51.7% and 58.4% respectively compared with the non-electroosmosis treatment. The normal frost heave can be reduced by 37.4%, 42.3% and 49.0% respectively at 20V, 40V and 60V voltages. The normal frost heave force can be reduced by 14.3%, 22.4% and 30.6% respectively at 20V, 40V and 60V voltages. The tangential freezing force can be reduced by 14.3%, 25.1% and 33.9% respectively at 20V, 40V and 60V voltages. The results of this study can provide a reference for channel reduction of frost heave.
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Romashchenko, M. I., O. O. Dekhtiar, Yu V. Husyev, M. V. Yatsiuk, R. V. Saydak, T. V. Matyash, A. P. Shatkovskyi et al. „Problems and main areas of irrigation and drainage development in Ukraine in a changing climate“. Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", Nr. 1 (25.06.2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202001-233.
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Climate change has caused rapid soil dehydration in Ukraine; therefore sustainable agriculture will only be possible applying throughout irrigation or water regulation. Meanwhile, the use of the irrigation and drainage systems potential remains extremely unsatisfactory. In 2019, 532,000 ha were actually irrigated, and water regulation was performed on less than 300,000 ha. The purpose of the research. To analyze the existing state and substantiate the areas of the irrigation and drainage sector development to ensure the sustainable agriculture in the face of a changing climate. Materials and methods of the research. In the work, a set of methods was used: analytical, expert evaluations, surveys, comparisons and analogues, experimental. Observation data from the state meteorological stations network were used to evaluate hydrothermal conditions and the data from the network of hydrological posts of Ukrhydrometcentre were used to evaluate the river condition. To assess the technical condition of the engineering infrastructure, methodological approaches were used in accordance with the requirements of the international and European standards and the normative documents currently in force in Ukraine. To identify the possible ways and mechanisms to restore the irrigation and drainage systems potential, the reasons of the existing state were analyzed and it was determined that the uncompleted land and economic reforms, imperfections in the existing legislation and state support mechanisms, especially in the sector management, caused the long-year underfunding of irrigation and drainage facilities operation and restoration and resulted in the crisis situation in the sector. Conclusions. Based on the study of the world experience and the carried out research, it was established that the restoration and development of irrigation and drainage in Ukraine are possible only along with the implementation of a legal and institutional reform to introduce decentralization, improvement of the existing legislation, modernization of irrigation and drainage systems through the development and implementation of investment projects for restoration and development of irrigation and drainage systems, creation of attractive investment environments, development and introduction of a financing mechanism to cover management, operation and maintenance costs based on a new tariff formation system, introduction of the scientific support and staffing system for the land reclamation sector. The basis for the deployment of irrigation and drainage restoration should be the "Irrigation and Drainage Strategy in Ukraine until 2030", and the appropriate plan of measures, formed on the basis of fundamentally new institutional, scientific, technical and technological, economic, organizational, social and environmental approaches, should become a tool for achieving the goals of the "Strategy ...". Successful implementation of the goals of irrigation and drainage restoration in Ukraine will create the conditions to sustainable and profitable agricultural production in the face of climate change, to restore irrigation on the area of about 1,0 to 1,2 mln. ha and drainage on the area of 1,0 mln. ha and to additionally get up to 10 mln. tons of grain, 8-10 mln. tons of fruit, berries and vegetables annually.
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V., KONDRATENKO,, KALINICHENKO, V. und KARDASH D. „Efficiency of electricity use by mine drainage plants.“ Journal of Electrical and power engineering 24, Nr. 1 (21.05.2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2021-1-64-68.
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The experience of operating mine drainage plants indicates significant consumption of electricity consumed by pump electric motors. This situation of mine drainage is not always justified. Sometimes this can be caused by the operation of the components of the pumping unit (pump, electric motor, pipeline, electrical network) with underestimated efficiency. The article describes the methodology and provides methods for monitoring the efficiency of the use of electricity both as a whole by the drainage system and its constituent elements. The most vulnerable of the components of the drainage system is the pumping units themselves. This is primarily due to the complexity of the design of the pumps, the presence of moving parts and significant pressures during their operation. It is generally recommended to use a pressure gauge on the discharge line, a vacuum gauge on the water inlet side, and a flow meter to measure the pump flow to monitor the pump unit. In addition to these devices, for the diagnosis of unsatisfactory pump operation, it is recommended to additionally install a manometer that measures the pressure in the unloading chamber, a manometer that measures the pressure behind the unloading disc and a flow meter that measures the water flow in the unloader. The indicators of the proposed three control devices make it possible to determine by calculation such important pump parameters as the value of the axial force and the dimensions of the end and annular clearances of the unloading unit. This technique can be used as the basis for technical diagnostics and rational organization of the operation of existing installations. This allows you to control and promptly eliminate malfunctions that occur during the operation of drainage, save valuable equipment and eliminate wasteful energy costs.
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Takeda, Makoto, Daisuke Sato, Kenji Kawaike und Masashi Toyota. „Inundation Analysis of the Dike Breach of the Chikuma River Taking Drainage Process and House Damage into Consideration“. Journal of Disaster Research 16, Nr. 3 (01.04.2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0343.
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Heavy rain and river flooding due to Typhoon No. 19 in October 2019 led to overflow and a dike breach on the left bank of the Chikuma River that caused large-scale inundation damage in Nagano City, Japan. To devise countermeasures, an inundation analysis model is an important tool. In this study, an inundation analysis model was developed to examine the inundation water behavior. The calculated inundation water depth and inundation area showed good agreement with the observed inundation water depth and the inundated area, confirming the validity of the analysis model. In addition, temporal changes of the inundation state were calculated considering the drainage process. However, the sewerage system, waterway, and drainage pump car were not taken into consideration in this analysis, and future issues for model improvement were also revealed. In addition, an analysis model with a 2 m grid was developed in the dike breach site, and the inundation water flow on roads and the fluid force around houses were obtained after taking into consideration the effect of houses. In paticular, the calculated value of the specific force exerted on damaged houses was very high. Moreover, it was proposed that house hazard should be evaluated while taking into consideration the loss of houses around the dike.
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Xu, Guizhong, Ji Chen, Shenjie Shi, Angran Tian und Qiang Tang. „Shear Behaviors of the Intersurface between Rice Straw Rope and Dredger Fill Silt: Experimental and Mechanism Studies“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (13.02.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6123218.
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The further development of land reclamation, port waterway, and wharf construction brings about proper treatments of dredger fill silt, while huge amounts of rice straw set aside in China argument rational disposal every year. Therefore, rice straw is bundled up as ropes, which represent as drainage body and reinforcement, to make eco-friendly treatment for dredger fill silt. This paper investigates the mechanical properties and validity of rice straw rope as certain treating material of dredger fill silt through a series of pull-out test, mass loss test, and tension test on specimens with different water contents and dry densities. The results reveal that peak value of interfacial shear strength rises with the increase of normal stress at the same immersion time, and in particular, it rises by up to 250.0% when the normal stress is 40 kPa. The tensile force of rice straw rope increases slowly with the rise of tensile displacement, and the failure mode changes from brittle to ductile with the rise of immersion time, which witnesses first rapid back slow degradation trend. The proper interfacial shear strength, tensile force, and reasonable degradation rate of rice straw rope make it ideal in drainage and consolidation of dredger fill silt.
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Mahfouf, J.-F., und J. Noilhan. „Inclusion of Gravitational Drainage in a Land Surface Scheme Based on the Force-Restore Method“. Journal of Applied Meteorology 35, Nr. 6 (Juni 1996): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0987:iogdia>2.0.co;2.
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