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Deb, Prasenjit. „Administering district primary education programme(DPEP): an evolution of the district of Cooch Behar“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/544.
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Morton, Colin J. H. „Novel derivatives of DPP and related heterocycles“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15291.
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This thesis discusses the synthesis of new organic, heterocyclic materials for potential application as pigments. Chapter 1 comprises an introduction to the field of pigment and dye chemistry, discussing the rudimentary elements of colour theory, before advancing to a review of the pertinent literature regarding high performance organic pigments. In particular, the development of 1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) pigments is described and the central objective of synthesising alkenyl-DPPs is outlined. Chapters 2 and 3 describe synthetic efforts towards alkenyl-DPPs, employing retro Diels-Alder methodology. The reactions involving the furan-acrylonitrile adduct as the nitrile component in the standard DPP synthesis led mainly to aromatisation of the bicyclic system and the cyclopentadiene-acrylonitrile adduct failed to react altogether. The explanation for this failure has been investigated. In the course of this these studies, several DPPs incorporating a secondary alkyl substituent were prepared, not least a novel cyclohexenyl-DPP. Chapter 4 describes the use of α β-unsaturated nitriles in the standard DPP synthesis. These behaved as Michael acceptors and in the case of cinnamonitriles led to a new family of coloured materials, namely substituted 4-hydroxy-2/7- cyclopenta[c]pyrrol-1-one-5-carbonitriles. Chapter 5 describes the corresponding reaction of cinnamate esters, but in these cases bicyclic systems were not formed. The reactions are analogous to Claisen acylations and the stereochemistry of the products varied according to the substituents. Chapter 6 contains the detailed experimental work for these investigations and concludes with a portfolio of X-ray structural data.
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Coat, Françoise. „Elaboration et proprietes de chaines de carbone inorganique stabilisees par les groupements terminaux (c#5me#5)(dppe)fe(ii) et (c#5me#5)(dppe)fe(iii)“. Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10141.
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Ce memoire de these presente la synthese et la caracterisation de nouveaux complexes homobinucleaires du fer de type donneur-accepteur en serie fe(c5me5)(dppe) et fe(c5me5)(co)2 a chaine -butadiynediyle fe(c5me5)(dppe)-( -cc cc)-fe(c5me5)(co)2n+ (n = 0, 1) ainsi que celles de complexes bimetalliques symetriques du fer en serie fe(c5me5)(dppe) a ligand pontant -octatetraynediyle fe(c5me5)(dppe)2-(-cccccccc)n+ (n = 0, 1, 2). Deux nouveaux complexes cumuleniques mono- et binucleaires fe(c5me5)(dppe)(=c=c=c(ome)me)bph4 et fe(c5me5)(dppe)-(=c=c=c=ch)-fe(c5me5)(co)2bf4 ont ete prepares avec de bons rendements par activation de derives de butadiyne par un organofer. Le complexe fe(c5me5)(co)2(ccccmts), prepare a partir du complexe fe(c5me5)(co)2l, a permis d'acceder a son analogue a ligand 1,3-butadiynyle par clivage de la liaison carbone-silicium. Ce dernier reagit avec le fe(c5me5)(dppe)cl pour donner le complexe de type donneur-accepteur fe(c5me5)(dppe)-(-cccc)-fe(c5me5)(co)2 presentant une interaction metal-metal. L'oxydation chimique monoelectronique du derive bis-feii a permis d'obtenir le complexe a valence mixte feii-feiii stable, presentant un couplage electronique notable (vab = 0,11 ev). Le complexe fe(c5me5)(dppe)(cccctms), obtenu par photochimie, conduit, par desilylation, au fe(c5me5)(dppe)(cccch) avec un bon rendement. Le complexe fe(c5me5)(dppe)2-(-cccccccc), a ete synthetise par couplage oxydant et caracterise. Une forte interaction entre les centres metalliques distants de 12,6 a a ete demontree. Le complexe bis-feii est facilement oxyde par un ou deux equivalents de sel de ferricinium et les especes stables feii-feiii et feiii-feiii resultantes ont ete isolees. Les spectroscopies mossbauer, ir et electronique ont permis de mettre en evidence, dans le complexe a valence mixte fe(c5me5)(dppe)2-(-cccccccc)pf6, le transfert d'electron intramoleculaire. Le ligand pontant carbone favorise efficacement le couplage electronique, lequel, presente la plus forte valeur (vab = 0,32 ev) jamais observee entre deux metaux a travers neuf liaisons. Ce complexe constitue donc, en ce sens, un fil moleculaire. Les complexes bis-feii, bis-feiii et feii-feiii ont revele des proprietes en optique non lineaire et les valeurs de sont parmi les plus elevees.
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LE, STANG SYLVIE. „Nouveaux composes modeles pour l'electronique moleculaire en serie cp*fe(dppe)-c 2-x-c 2-fe(dppe)cp* n + (n = 0 2, x = heterocycles aromatiques)“. Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10038.
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Ce manuscrit decrit la synthese et l'etude de nouveaux complexes mono- et bi-nucleaires en serie cp*fe(dppe). Les sites metalliques electroactifs portent des ligands mono- et bis-ethynylheteroaromatiques a travers lesquels peut s'etablir une communication electronique et/ou magnetique. Ces nouvelles molecules de dimension nanoscopique constituent des composes modeles pour l'electronique moleculaire. La reaction de sonogashira a permis d'acceder aux trois complexes cp*fe(dppe)-cc-c 5h 4n 4 a partir du compose cp*fe(dppe)-cc-h et des trois bromopyridines correspondantes. La complexation de ces molecules avec des complexes du palladium et du platine a permis de valider le concept de fils moleculaires auto-assembles. La synthese des complexes bimetalliques cp*fe(dppe)(cc-) 2c 5h 3n (6a:2,6-c 5h 3n ; 6b:3,5-c 5h 3n) et cp*fe(dppe)(cc-) 22,5-c 4h 2s 9 est realisee en une etape a partir du compose cp*fe(dppe)cl 1 et des bis-acetylures heteroaromatiques proteges. L'etude par voltametrie cyclique de ces derives a permis de determiner la stabilite en solution des especes a valence mixte. L'oxydation a deux electrons des complexes 6 conduit aux composes biradicalaires 6 + +. L'existence d'un couplage magnetique a ete mis en evidence par l'observation de l'etat triplet en rpe. Dans le compose a valence mixte 6a +, l'azote favorise le couplage electronique alors que dans le derive 6b +, il apparait comme un isolant dans la chaine carbonee. L'oxydation en cascade du complexe 9 conduit aux composes mono- et di-oxydes. Le complexe 9 + + existe sous deux formes en equilibre : une forme bis-radicalaire fer(iii) et une forme cumulenique fer(ii). Dans le complexe 9 +, l'electron celibataire est delocalise aux echelles de temps des spectroscopies mossbauer et rpe. Le couplage electronique est fort pour un transfert electronique mettant en jeu neuf liaisons (v a b = 2515 cm - 1) et comparable a celui determine pour le complexe cp*fe(dppe) 2cc-cc-cc-ccpf 6 (v a b = 2520 cm - 1).
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Růžička, Tomáš. „Tržní příležitosti pro moderní perorální antibiabetika a position nového přípravku“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77780.
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Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases, prevalence and incidence of which is on the rise not only in the Czech Republic, but also worldwide. This diploma work aims to analyze market situation and opportunities for modern oral anti-diabetic drugs. This work also designs suitable positioning for new OADs of Novartis -- Galvus and Eucreas.
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Santosh, Neetha. „Expression of Cornulin, DPEP1, SOX4 and BUB3 in Oral Premalignant Lesions“. The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467329505.
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Pantazis, Periklis. „Role of endocytic trafficking during Dpp gradient formation“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1106665288062-25959.
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Morphogens are secreted signalling molecules that are expressed in restricted groups of cells within the developing tissue. From there, they are secreted and travel throughout the target field and form concentration gradients. These concentration profiles endow receiving cells with positional information. A number of experiments in Drosophila demonstrated that the morphogen Decapentaplegic (Dpp) forms activity gradients by inducing the expression of several target genes above distinct concentration thresholds at different distances from the source. This way, Dpp contributes to developmental fates in the target field such as the Drosophila wing disc. Although the tissue distribution as well as the actual shape and size of the Dpp morphogen concentration gradient has been visualized, the cell biological mechanisms through which the morphogen forms and maintains a gradient are still a subject of debate. Two hypotheses as to the dominant mechanism of movement have been proposed that can account for Dpp spreading throughout the Drosophila wing imaginal target tissue: extracellular diffusion and planar transcytosis, i. e. endocytosis and resecretion of the ligand that is thereby transported through the cells. Here, I present data indicating that implications of a theoreticalanalysis of Dpp spreading, where Dpp transport through the target tissue is solely based on extracellular diffusion taking into account receptor binding and subsequent internalization, are inconsistent with experimental results. By performing Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) experiments, I demonstrate a key role of Dynamin-mediated endocytosis for Dpp gradient formation. In addition, I show that most of GFP-Dpp traffics through endocytic compartments at the receiving epithelial cells, probably recycled through apical recycling endosomes (ARE). Finally, a Dpp recycling assay based on subcellular photouncage of ligand is presented to address specifically the Dpp recycling event at the receiving cells.
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Mamza, Jil Billy. „Comparative effectiveness and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33202/.
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Approximately 3 million people throughout the UK suffer with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and are 32% more likely to die early. There remains a lack of evidence for the long-term effectiveness and safety of anti-diabetic drugs in preventing diabetes-related complications, making it unclear how to optimally manage diabetes. Work to date includes observational studies subject to bias, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which may not reflect the ‘real world’ situation. The aim of this thesis is to combine such findings via systematic reviews, meta-analyses and retrospective cohort studies to provide more water-tight evidence of the effectiveness and safety of glucose-lowering therapies (GLT) in the long term. Firstly, a systematic review of observational studies was performed, identifying and providing a simple description of the types of biases and control measures employed in retrospective cohort studies on treatment outcomes of GLTs. Secondly, retrospective cohort studies were conducted to strengthen the evidence of the clinical effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors, compare their durability when combined with other anti-diabetic drugs and assess their cardiovascular safety when used in patients with T2DM, using data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. Linear and logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard regression models and propensity score techniques were used to analyse routine clinical data. Thirdly, a meta-analysis was conducted on RCTs investigating the risk of bone fracture following the administration of DPP-4 inhibitor, based on data from an extensive literature search. Conducting this research has led to a better understanding of how biases may have influenced retrospective cohort studies on oral anti-diabetic drugs. An algorithm was developed to illustrate strategies for addressing biases. Potential clinical factors associated with ‘response’ to DPP-4 inhibitor treatment were found to include the addition of DPP-4 inhibitor to ongoing metformin (MET), or MET plus sulphonylurea (SU) therapy. High HbA1c at the time of treatment intensification and longer duration of diabetes were associated with the lack of HbA1c target attainment. In terms of the durability of second-line glucose-lowering agents, the co-administration of thiazolidinedione with MET was associated with the most durable glycaemic response, followed by a SU and then a DPP-4 inhibitor. Compared with a SU, adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to MET was associated with an increased need for earlier treatment intensification with a third agent. The use of statins, being a female, a smoker, having longer duration of diabetes and higher HbA1c at baseline were identified to be associated with earlier dual therapy failure. In terms of cardiovascular safety, routine clinical data showed patients who intensified MET + SU dual therapy with a DPP-4 inhibitor were associated with a decreased risk of a composite of non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality compared to those who added insulin. Furthermore, the results from meta-analysis showed DPP-4 inhibitors are not associated with increased bone fracture risks in patients with T2DM. This research is valuable in informing the choices of healthcare professionals in prescribing treatments for T2DM. For the users of this treatment, it is good news that DPP-4 inhibitors are not generally associated with fracture incidence, and that findings support the use of DPP-4 inhibitors as a second line therapeutic option, especially among non-obese patients whose glucose control remains suboptimal following MET treatment. It is recommended that treatment should be characterised on an individual basis. There remains a need for robust RCTs to investigate the influence of obesity and longer treatment durations on the efficacy of co-administering DPP-4 inhibitors to patients who are unresponsive to other oral GLTs.
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Pantazis, Periklis. „Role of endocytic trafficking during Dpp gradient formation“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11611845.
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Araújo, Aletéia Patrícia Favacho de. „DPWP - Uma nova Abordagem para o Escalonamento Dinâmico em Computação Paralela Virtual“. Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-05032018-160952/.
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A computação distribuída sobre redes de estações de trabalho tem sido adotada como uma plataforma alternativa para a execução de aplicações paralelas. Essas redes não apresentam apenas uma boa relação custo/benefício, mas também fornecem um ambiente computacional de propósito geral, o qual pode ser usado tanto por aplicações paralelas quanto por aplicações não paralelas. Nesses ambientes multiusuários ocorre uma grande variação da carga de trabalho manipulada por cada usuário trazendo sérios problemas para o desempenho global do sistema. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho descreve detalhadamente a implementação da DPWP, um algoritmo de escalonamento cuja principal finalidade é implantar balanceamento de cargas sobre uma rede de estações de trabalho heterogênea, para aplicações paralelas com grande quantidade de processamento. Os estudos preliminares realizados sobre os testes desenvolvidos serviram, acima de tudo, para validar e avaliar o desempenho da DPWP. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o algoritmo tem um comportamento seguro e que as aplicações paralelas executadas, tendo a DPWP como algoritmo de escalonamento, apresentaram um excelente resultado, levando a um aumento considerável em seu desempenho final.Distributed computing on workstation networks has been considered as an alternative platform for parallel applications. These workstation networks are not only cheaper, but also provide a general-purpose computing environment that is typically shared by both parallel and non-parallel application developers and users. Such a computing environment, where the use of resources varies as applications consume and release resources, brings important scheduling problems for global performance system. Thus, this work presents the implementation of the DPWP, a process scheduling policy aiming at balancing the computing load on a network of heterogeneous workstations, for parallel computing applications, that have more processing and less communication. Preliminary studies were developed in order to validate and to evaluate the performance reached by using the DPWP. The results showed that the scheduling policy behaves stable and the parallel applications reached excellent overall performance.
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Shen, Jie. „The role of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in Drosophila wing development“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1102321765343-79763.
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Decapentaplegic (Dpp), a member of the TGF-[Beta] superfamily, acts as a morphogen to direct cell differentiation, determine cell fate and promote cell survival and proliferation in Drosophila wing development. To investigate the role of Dpp in Drosophila wing development, three aspects of the patterning role of Dpp have been analyzed. First, I investigated the cellular responses to Dpp signaling by a loss of function strategy. The consequences of lacking Dpp signal transduction on cell morphology and tissue integrity were analyzed. Second, I investigated whether Dpp signaling is down-stream of Hh signaling to maintain the normal cell segregation at the A/P boundary by clonal analysis. Third, I investigated whether cross talk among the Hh, Dpp and Wg signaling pathways exists and what its relevance for wing patterning is. To investigate the role of Dpp in Drosophila wing development, the general strategies are to look at the phenotypes of loss-of-function and gain-of-function. Mutant clones lacking Dpp signal transduction by knock down Dpp receptor Thick veins (Tkv) do not survive in wing blade due to JNK dependent apoptosis. To get larger mutant clones for analysis, JNK pathway was inhibited by knock down bsk (encodes JNK) in mutant clones lacking Dpp signaling using FLP-FRT system. Clones double mutant for tkv and bsk did not undergo apoptosis, but recovered at very low frequencies compared to sibling clones. Here, I showed that the low recovery of tkv bsk double mutant clones are due to the extrusion of mutant cells. The extrusion of tkv bsk double mutant cells correlated with changes in the actin cytoskeleton and a dramatic loss of the apical microtubule web normally present in these cells. These results suggest that Dpp signaling is required for cell morphogenesis in Drosophila wing development. We propose that Dpp acts as a survival factor in the wing disc epithelium by orchestrating proper cytoskeletal organization and maintaining normal cell-cell contact. Drosophila wing is subdivided into anterior (A) and posterior (P) compartments. This developing into adjacent compartments is crucial for the patterning of Drosophila wing. Previous study has shown that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is required in A cells to maintain the A/P boundary and is sufficient to specify A type cell sorting. A previous study has in addition implicated the signaling molecule Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in maintaining the A/P boundary. However, this study did not address whether and in which cells, A and/or P, Dpp signal transduction was required to maintain this boundary. Here, I have analyzed the role of components of the Dpp signal transduction pathway and the relation of Dpp and Hh signaling in maintaining the A/P boundary by clonal analysis. I showed that Dpp signaling mediated by the Dpp target gene, T-box protein Optomotor-blind (Omb), is required in A cells, but not in P cells, to maintain the normal position of the A/P boundary. During patterning formation, it is essential for cells to receive precise positional information to pattern the tissue. It has been proposed for a long time that different signaling pathways such as Hedgehog (Hh), Dpp and Wingless (Wg) signaling pathways provide positional information for tissue patterning in an integrated manner. Recently, evidence of interactions between Hh and Dpp as well as Wg and Hh signaling pathways has been reported in Drosophila wing. Here, I have identified additional interactions among Hh, Dpp and Notch/Wg signaling. We propose that the selector gene engrailed, Hh and Dpp signaling interact with each other to regulate target genes expression and thus to pattern the wing along the A/P axis. Further more, I showed that Dpp signaling is also participating in the patterning along the D/V axis by interaction with the selector gene apterous and Notch/Wg signaling.
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Buchholz, Alexander Karl. „DPP: Dual Path PKI for Secure Aircraft Data Communication“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/20373.
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Through application of modern technology, aviation systems are becoming more automated and are relying less on antiquated air traffic control (ATC) voice systems. Aircraft are now able to wirelessly broadcast and receive identity and location information using transponder technology. This helps reduce controller workload and allows the aircraft to take more responsibility for maintaining safe separation. However, these systems lack source authentication methods or the ability to check the integrity of message content. This opens the door for hackers to potentially create fraudulent messages or manipulate message content. This thesis presents a solution to handling many of the potential security issues in aircraft data communication. This is accomplished through the implementation of a Dual Path PKI (DPP) design which includes a novel approach to handling certificate revocation through session certificates. DPP defines two authentication protocols, one between aircraft and another between aircraft and ATC, to achieve source authentication. Digital signature technology is utilized to achieve message content and source integrity as well as enable bootstrapping DPP into current ATC systems. DPP employs cutting-edge elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) algorithms to increase performance and reduce overhead.
It is found that the DPP design successfully mitigates several of the cyber security concerns in aircraft and ATC data communications. An implementation of the design shows that anticipated ATC systems can accommodate the additional processing power and bandwidth required by DPP to successfully achieve system integrity and security.
Master of Science
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Foresto, Mariana Faulin. „Influência da aplicação de ácido indol-3-acético na expressão dos receptores de etileno e na atividade de duas enzimas relacionadas ao metabolismo de amido em bananas“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-10092012-132746/.
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A literatura têm indicado que a via metabólica de degradação de amido em bananas é regulada tanto por etileno quanto por auxinas, dentre outros fatores. Visando melhor entender o mecanismo pelo qual isso ocorre, acompanhou-se o amadurecimento de bananas infiltradas com ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) utilizando um modelo de infiltração do hormônio em fatias do fruto. Foram avaliados os níveis de AIA endógeno, a evolução na degradação de amido e síntese de açúcares solúveis, a ocorrência de alterações na transcrição e atividade das enzimas β-amilase e DPE2 e a possível correlação destes eventos com alterações na via de transdução de sinal de etileno - hormônio reconhecidamente responsável por desencadear a ativação do metabolismo degradatório de amido durante o amadurecimento. Nos frutos tratados com AIA, os resultados apontaram atraso na degradação de amido e no acúmulo de açúcares solúveis; as variações nos níveis de atividade e de transcritos de β-amilase nos grupos controle e tratado foram semelhantes; contudo, no grupo tratado a evolução destes processos ocorreu com atraso em relação ao controle. Os níveis de transcritos de DPE2, mais expressivos no início do amadurecimento em ambos os grupos, foram sustentados por mais tempo nos frutos tratados; a atividade, no entanto, parece ter sido sensivelmente inibida pelo tratamento com AIA. Os perfis de transcritos dos receptores de etileno ERS3 e ETR1 apontam que os mesmos foram fortemente afetados pelo tratamento. Assim, os resultados sugerem que modificações no padrão de sinalização do etileno podem ser parte do mecanismo pelo qual AIA afeta o perfil de transcritos e atividade de β-amilase e DPE2, provocando, em consequência, atraso no processo de mobilização da reserva de amido na banana e também na síntese de açúcares.The literature indicates that the starch degradation in bananas is probably regulated by ethylene and auxins, among other factors. To understand the mechanisms involved, we followed the ripening of banana slices infiltrated with indole-3-acetic acid (AIA). We measured the evolution of endogenous AIA levels and starch degradation, as well as shifts in transcription and activity of β-amilase and DPE2 and their possible correlation with alterations in the ethylene signal transduction path. In AIA-treated slices, results indicated delay in starch degradation and acummulation of soluble sugars; the changes in β-amilase transcripts and activity levels in control and treated groups were similar, although they were delayed for the AIA-treated group, when compared to control. DPE2 transcript levels, stronger in the earlier stages of rippening in both groups, were sustained longer in AIA-treated bananas; on the other hand, its activity seems to has been severely inhibited by the AIA treatment. The transcript profiles of ERS3 and ETR1 ethylene receptors indicate that they were both strongly affected by the treatment. In this way, the results sugest that modifications in the ethylene signaling pathway may be part of the mechanism by which high level of AIA affects the profile of transcripts and activities of β-amilase and DPE2, inducing the delay in the mobilization of the starch reserve of the bananas, as well as the sugar synthesis.
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Almodôvar, Vítor Alexandre da Silva. „Diketopyrrolopyrroles for dye-sensitized solar cells“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/22074.
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Com foco nos últimos seis anos, o sistema bicíclico dicetopirrolopirrol tem sido cada vez mais utilizado como ”bloco de construção” de materiais (polímeros e moléculas pequenas) para utilização em células solares. Isso deve-se principalmente à sua alta estabilidade ambiental (principalmente fotoestabilidade) e capacidades de transferência de carga. Apesar dos estudos serem ainda recentes, os resultados já alcançados mostraram o tremendo potencial dos dicetopirrolopirróis em células solares.
O trabalho descrito nesta tese de Mestrado envolveu a síntese de vários derivados de dicetopirrolopirrol com o objetivo de introduzir unidades fotossensibilizantes ligadas covalentemente ao sistema dicetopirrolopirrol. Os novos compostos podem vir a incorporar um grupo carboxílico para suportar o corante na superfície de um óxido semicondutor das células solares sensibilizadas por corantes (DSSCs).
A primeira parte do trabalho consistiu na alquilação ou arilação dos grupos NH de dicetopirrolopirróis comerciais. Posteriormente, foram estudados métodos de funcionalização dos grupos arilo nas posições 3 e 6 dos DPP por reações catalisadas por paládio ou por clorossulfonação. Todos os dicetopirrolopirróis sintetizados foram caracterizados por ressonância magnética nuclear, espetrometria de massa e espectrofotometria de UV-visível. Alguns compostos foram também caracterizados por fluorescência; Abstract:
With a focus on the last six years, the bicyclic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) system has been increasingly used as an active building block in materials (polymers and small molecules) used in solar cells. That is mainly due to its high environmental stability (mainly photostability) and charge transfer capabilities. Despite its infancy, the results already achieved have shown the tremendous potential of diketopyrrolopyrroles in solar cells.
The work reported in this Master thesis involved the synthesis of several diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives aiming introducing photosensitizing units covalently linked to the diketopyrrolopyrrole system. The new compounds may be functionalized with carboxylic groups to support the dye firmly at the surface of a semiconductor oxide of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
The first part of the work consisted in the alkylation or arylation of the NH groups of commercially available DPP. Then, new methods for the functionalization of the aryl groups at 3 and 6 positions of DPP were studied, mainly by palladium catalysed reactions or by chlorosulfonation. All diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives synthesized were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Some compounds were also characterized by fluorescence.
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Toniato, Giulia <1989>. „Nuove tendenze retail nel settore Health, Beauty & Cosmetics : il caso L’Oréal Italia DPGP“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7545.
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Un’analisi completa della letteratura esistente sulla distribuzione al dettaglio apre l’elaborato, per poi spostare il focus sul settore della bellezza e cosmesi, territorio ideale per ragionare sui tratti salienti del retail contemporaneo. Fulcro della trattazione è il caso L’Oréal Italia, in particolare la divisione prodotti grande pubblico, della quale si analizzeranno i primi passi nel mondo del retail e l'impatto che questi hanno sulla performance dei marchi mass market del gruppo.
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McLaren, Andrew B. „Studies towards asymmetric aziridine synthesis via aza-darzens reaction of (2S)-N-bromoacyl camphorsultam“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340028.
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Bermpohl, Felix. „Nachweis und Charakterisierung der Endopeptidase-Aktivität der Dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP IV)“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/191/index.html.
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Angebrandt, Diana. „Fluoreszenz-Farbstoff-Komplexe vom DPP- und Perylen-Typ mit ausgewählten Übergangsmetallen“. Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-34465.
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Butler, Jennifer E. F. „Specification of enhancer function by DPE or TATA core promoter motifs /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3013711.
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Hachoumi, Mounia el. „Die Funktion von Bx42/Skip im TGF-beta/Dpp Signal Transduktionsweg“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15635.
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Die Notwendigkeit von Bx42 für Drosophila Entwicklung und seine Beteiligung an unterschiedlichen zellulären Prozessen wurde mit Hilfe von RNA Interference (RNAi) demonstriert. Das ubiquitäre Ausschalten oder die Reduktion der Bx42 Expression mittels RNAi führte dabei zu embryonaler Letalität. Weiterhin führte eine gewebespezifische Induktion von Bx42 in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten Treiberlinien bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen zu mehreren verschiedenen adulten Phänotypen. Diese Phänotypen waren die Grundlage für die Annahme, dass Bx42 eine Rolle in der Regulation mehrerer verschiedener Zellsignalwege spielt. In der Tat interagiert Bx42 mit den Proteinen des Notch-Signalweges Suppressor of hairless [Su(H)] und Notch intracellular domain (N-IC). Zusätzlich werden bei einer Verminderung von Bx42 die Notch Zielgene cut (ct) und enhancer of split m8 [e(Spl)m8] reprimiert (Negeri et al., 2002). In dieser Arbeit wurde die Beteiligung von Bx42 am TGF-ß/Dpp Signalweg untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, dass Bx42 mit den TGF-ß/Dpp-Signalweg Proteinen Mad und Medea sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo interagiert. Die dabei verwendeten Methoden waren das Hefe-Zwei Hybrid-Sytem und Ni-NTA-Pulldown-Assays. Domänen der Smad Proteine (Mad und Medea), die für die Interaktion mit Bx42 notwendig sind, wurden mit Hilfe von Deletionskonstrukten untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die stark konservierte MH2-Domäne dieser Proteine für die Interaktion notwendig ist. Zudem belegten Versuche die genetische Interaktion zwischen Bx42 und Medea, in denen ein Bx42-RNAi-Phänotyp durch die gleichzeitige Überexpression von Medea gerettet werden konnte. Es ist bekannt, dass das humane Bx42-Homolog Skip sowohl mit den Proteinen Smad2 und 3 des TGF-ß/Activin Signalweg, als auch mit den Onkogenen Sno und Ski interagiert. Skip wirkt hier als Antagonist der Ski/Sno-Wirkung auf den TGF-ß/Activin-Signalweg und fungiert als Koaktivator (Leong et al., 2001). Die Interaktion zwischen Bx42 und der TGF-ß/Activin-Signalweg Komponente dSmad2, sowie mit dem Onkogen dSno konnte in dieser Arbeit auch für Drosophila bewiesen werden. Die Bedeutung dieser Wechselwirkung muss noch in weiteren Arbeiten analysiert werden. Der Einfluss der Bx42-RNAi-Induktion auf die TGF-ß/Dpp Zielgene distal-less (dll), optomotor blind (omb) und spalt (sal) wurde anhand von Reportergen Untersuchungen mit enhancer-trap-Linien und RNA in situ Hybridisierung untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Ausschalten von Bx42 die Expression dieser Gene in ähnlicher Weise reprimiert, wie eine Elimination des TGF-ß/Dpp-Signals. Diese Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahme, dass Bx42 in der Lage ist, TGF-ß/Dpp Zielgene durch eine Wechselwirkung mit Mad und Medea zu aktivieren.The importance of Bx42 in Drosophila development was demonstrated using Bx42-RNA interference. The ubiquitous downregulation of Bx42 generated embryonic lethality, indicating the importance of this protein in early development. The tissue specific induction of Bx42-RNAi resulted in several different phenotypes depending on the driver line and the temperature at which animals were raised. The phenotypes obtained were the key point for the assumption that Bx42 may play a role in the regulation of a number of different cellular signalling pathways. Indeed, within the Notch signalling pathway Bx42 interacts genetically with Suppressor of hairless [Su(H)] and Notch intracellular domain (N-IC). Additionally, the reduction of Bx42 negatively affected the expression of the Notch target Genes cut (ct) and enhancer of split m8 [e(Spl)m8] (Negeri et al., 2002). In this work, the involvement of Bx42 in the Dpp signalling pathway was investigated. It was shown that Bx42 interacts both in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by yeast two hybrid protein-protein studies and Ni-NTA pull-down assays, with the TGF-ß/ Dpp components Mad and Medea. Domains of Smads (Mad and Medea) required for Bx42 interaction were examined using deletion constructs of Smads and the importance of the well conserved MH2 domains of Mad and Medea for this interaction was revealed. Moreover, the rescue of the Bx42-RNAi phenotype by the simultaneous overexpression of Medea demonstrated the genetic interaction between Bx42 and Medea. Furthermore, evidences for the interaction of Bx42 with the TGF-ß/Activin pathway component dSmad2 and with the oncogene protein dSno were obtained from interaction assays. The human homologue of Bx42, Skip, also interacts with Smad2/3 or Sno. The meaning of this interaction in Drosophila has yet to be analysed. The influence of Bx42-RNAi induction on the expression of Dpp target genes distal less (dll), optomotor blind (omb) and spalt (sal) was also investigated using enhancer trap lines and RNA in situ hybridisation. In this way it was proven that these genes are suppressed as they are by elimination of Dpp signalling. These results suggest that Bx42 may be able to modulate positively TGF-ß/Dpp signalling through an interaction with the signalling transducer Mad and Medea.
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Favero, Alessia <1990>. „Sintesi di molecole fluorescenti derivate dal dichetopirrolopirrolo (DPP) per applicazioni biomediche“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7328.
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L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di realizzare sonde fluorescenti nell’infrarosso (IR), soprattutto nel vicino IR (Near InfraRed, NIR), per la determinazione di principi attivi farmaceutici (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, API) della classe dei bisfosfonati, una tipologia di farmaci in grado di inibire il riassorbimento osseo, utile nel trattamento dell'osteoporosi. Come sonda fluorescente si è scelto di modificare opportunamente il pigmento rosso DichetoPirroloPirrolo (DPP) con delle funzionalità atte a legare l'API. In questo lavoro di tesi è stato messo a punto un protocollo sintetico che permette di legare il farmaco alla sonda attraverso reazioni di esterificazione e di cicloaddizione tipo "click chemistry". E' stata inoltre realizzata una sonda di fluorescenza nel NIR avente residui bifunzionali di tipo acido. Per le sue particolari proprietà di fluorescenza, quest'ultima molecola, risulta essere promettente per l'impiego in ambito biomedico, in quanto può fungere da marker in grado di definire costantemente la concentrazione del farmaco e di seguirne il decorso metabolico in sistemi in vivo.
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Rabindranath, Aravinda Raman. „New DPP- and fluorene based conjugated polymers as sensor and emitter materials“. Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994882491/04.
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Dahal, Giri Raj. „Developmental Signaling Requires Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channels in Drosophila melanogaster“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4168.
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Inwardly rectifying potassium (IRK/Kir) channels regulate intracellular K+ concentrations and membrane potential. Disruption of Kir2.1 causes dominantly inherited Andersen Tawil Syndrome (ATS). ATS patients suffer from cardiac arrhythmias, periodic paralysis, and cognitive impairment. These symptoms are consistent with current understanding of the role of ion channels in muscle cells and neurons. However, ATS symptoms also include craniofacial and digital deformities such as cleft palate, dental defects, wide set eyes, low set ears, and crooked or fused digits. These developmental defects were not consistent with current understanding of developmental signaling or previously described roles for ion channels. We found that phenotypes exhibited by the Kir2.1 knockout mouse recapitulate ATS symptoms. The Kir2.1 knockout mouse phenotypes are strikingly similar to those that occur when Transforming Growth Factor β/Bone Morphogenetic Protein (TGFβ/BMP) signaling is disrupted. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that Kir2.1 may play a role in TGFβ/BMP signaling. We tested this hypothesis using Drosophila melanogaster. We reduced a Kir2.1 homologue Irk2 by siRNA, eliminated the Irk2 channel with a deficiency, and abolished heteromeric Irk channel function with a dominant negative Irk2. Reduction of Irk2 function caused wing patterning defects and size reduction that are similar to BMP/Decapentaplegic (DPP) mutant phenotypes. Ubiquitous expression of Irk2DN is lethal. Wing specific Irk2DN expression caused severe defects compared to irk2Df demonstrating that Irk channels are heteromeric. We found that two downstream targets of Dpp were reduced in irk2Df and siRNA expressing wing discs showing that Dpp requires Irk2 activity. We found that wing specific expression of Irk2DN completely prevents Mad phosphorylation and induces apoptosis. Suppression of apoptosis does not rescue MAD phosphorylation showing that apoptosis is caused by lack of an external signal. We systemically tested the components of the Dpp signaling cascade to find at what point in Dpp signaling Irk2 is required. We found that Irk2 is not directly required for the intracellular propagation of the Dpp signal. Irk2DN could not eliminate the phosphorylation of Mad by a constitutively activated Tkv. We showed that Irk2 affects Dpp spread across the disc. We speculate that Irk2 affects the endocytic pathway that transports Dpp from medial cells to lateral cells. We tested the impact of irk2DN on the development of the Drosophila eye where Irk2 is expressed and Dpp is required for normal patterning. We found that abolition of Irk channels causes eye defects that are similar to those that occur with the loss of Dpp signaling. Trachea development also depends on Dpp. Blocking Irk2 in the developing trachea results in severe defects. We conclude that Irk2 plays a global role in Dpp signaling. Kir/Irk channels could be therapeutic targets to treat diseases that are impacted by TGFβ/BMP signaling, such as cancer. Furthermore, the demonstration that Irk2 is a node for BMP-like signaling could be used to control cell fate decisions for regenerative medicine or stem cell therapeutics.
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Le, Borgne Mylène. „Solution-processable oligomeric and small molecule semiconductors for organic solar cells“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0048/document.
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Les cellules solaires organiques sont une technologie très prometteuse grâce à leur faible-coût de fabrication, leur flexibilité et leur légèreté. Actuellement, elles ne sont qu’au stade du prototype à cause de leurs faibles rendements et leur courte durée de vie. L’une des voies les plus étudiées pour améliorer le rendement est la conception de nouveaux matériaux photo-actifs. Lors de cette thèse, deux séries de semi-conducteurs donneurs d’électrons. La première série comprend trois oligomères, chacun composé de trois unités de diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) qui est un chromophore très étudié dans la littérature. Ces oligomères ont la particularité d’absorber dans le proche infra-rouge. En intercalant différents groupements donneurs d’électrons entre les DPPs, différentes torsions sont obtenues le long de leur squelette. Ceci a permis d’établir qu’un oligomère plan a une plus grande cristallinité et par conséquent transporte mieux les charges, atteignant une mobilité de trou de 10-3 cm². V-1.s-1. Cependant, cette forte cristallinité entraîne une hétérojonction volumique défavorable et un faible rendement photovoltaïque (<1%). La deuxième série est composée de quatre petites molécules combinant une unité 3,3’-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) (EBI) avec différents groupements donneurs d’électrons: thiophène (EBI-T), benzofurane (EBI-BF) and bithiophène (EBI-2T)). Les dérivés EBI ont été testés dans les transistors à effet de champ et dans les cellules solaires en tant que semi-conducteurs donneurs. La meilleure mobilité de trou de 0,021 cm².V-1.s-1 a été mesurée avec EBI-BF grâce à sa conformation plane alors que le PCE maximal de 1.92% est obtenu avec EBI-2T grâce à son large spectre d’absorption et une morphologie adéquateOrganic solar cells appear as a promising technology within photovoltaic field owing to their low-cost fabrication and their great flexibility enabling a widespread distribution. For now, they are still at the prototype stage due to their limited efficiency and lifetimes. Many efforts were realized in designing new materials as they are involved in every steps of the photovoltaic process and thus they dictate the cell efficiency. Along this thesis, two series of electron-donating semi-conductors were designed and synthesized. The first series consist in three oligomers containing three diketopyrrolopyrrole units, a well-studied chromophore. Those oligomers absorb up to the near infra-red region, a very interesting feature for light harvesting. Through the engineering of electron-rich spacers, various twists were generated in the oligomers backbone. The oligomer showing a coplanar conformation appears to be the most crystalline and thus exhibits the best charge transport properties with a hole mobility of 10-3 cm².V-1.s-1.iiiHowever, bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, this high crystallinity results in an unfavorable morphology and a PCE inferior to 1%. As for the second series, the four small molecules combined 3,3’-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) (EBI), an electron deficient unit, and various electron-rich units such as thiophene (EBI-T), benzofuran (EBI-BF) and bithiophene (EBI-2T). Among EBI derivatives, EBI-BF demonstrated the highest hole mobility of 0.021 cm².V-1.s-1 in field effect transistors due to its coplanar conformation. Meanwhile, in bulk heterojunction solar cells, the highest PCE of 1.92% was obtained with EBI-2T:PC61BM blend owing to a more appropriate morphology and the broadest absorption spectrum of EBI-2T
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HAN, CHUN. „HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS SHAPE DROSOPHILA MORPHOGEN GRADIENTS“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147560569.
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Lippi, Sara. „Prima del progetto. Definizione del DPP dell'intervento di rifunzionalizzazione dell'ex Deposito ATR a Forli“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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La presente tesi costituisce una simulazione del ruolo professionale del Responsabile Unico del Procedimento, figura che, ai sensi dell'art. 31 del D.Lgs. 50/2016, prende parte alle fasi di programmazione, progettazione, affidamento ed esecuzione di progetti per conto della Pubblica Amministrazione. Questa figura svolge i compiti propri del manager che conosce e gestisce le questioni di carattere decisionale, scientifico, urbanistico, tecnico e progettuale.
Nell'ottica di un concorso di progettazione, lo scopo della tesi consiste nella redazione del Documento Preliminare alla Progettazione relativo all'intervento di rifunzionalizzazione dell'ex Deposito ATR a Forlì. L'edificio, costruito nel 1935 ed utilizzato come autorimessa e officina meccanica, presenta alcuni tratti e scelte costruttive tecnologiche assimilabili agli edifici industriali coevi. Inserito in un lotto triangolare di circa 4.500 mq, ai margini del centro storico, presenta altri edifici di sua pertinenza ai bordi ed un'ampia area esterna pavimentata. In seguito alla dismissione (1998), dal 2011 è diventato scenario di eventi temporanei a fini culturali promossi dalle associazioni Città di Ebla e Spazi Indecisi.
Il DPP prende le mosse dal progetto "ATR contemporaneo", vincitore di un bando regionale, promosso dal Comune di Forlì, dalla Società Consortile ATR (proprietaria dell'area), da Città di Ebla e da Spazi Indecisi. L'obiettivo del progetto è quello di trasformare l'ex Deposito delle Corriere in un hub capace di mettere in connessione arti, università, industrie creative e imprese. Il documento, realizzato attraverso l'analisi e lo studio di best practices nazionali, fornisce anche specifiche tecniche di carattere funzionale, urbanistico, legislativo ben precise.
Il lavoro prodotto è stato sviluppato attraverso l'utilizzo di alcuni strumenti del Project Management, quali i reports per la gestione del lavoro, ed attraverso le modalità di risoluzione e analisi del Problem Solving.
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Molinie, Benoit. „Investigation of Dpp target genes on a genome-wide scale in early Drosophila embryos“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503641.
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Aldewachi, Hasan. „Chromogenic detection of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity using peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles“. Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2017. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/18152/.
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Metal nanoparticles offer a useful platform for a wide range of biological applications especially for biosensing, bioimaging and drug delivery. This thesis presents a body of original research describing the synthesis, characterisation and development of a novel and convenient biosensing assay for detection of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activity using peptide functionalized gold nanoparticles. The distinctive optical and physical properties of gold nanoparticles (Au NP) were harnessed for the development of a colorimetric assay for rapid sensing of DPP-IV activities and screening DPP-IV inhbitors. The citrate reduction method for Au NPs synthesis was optimised and several potential peptide substrates (GPDC, VP-EN-DC, C/G dipeptide, GPG-EN-PEG4-LA, GPDCALNNC) were designed to provide substrates that mimic the DPP-IV natural substrates. The performances of the substrate functionalized Au NPs were assessed for their appropriateness for the detection of the enzyme activity. Addition of DPP-IV to the solutions containing the functionalized Au NPs resulted in cleavage of the substrate and thus causing the aggregation of the Au NPs which in turn led to a shift of the surface plasmon peak toward longer wavelengths, and a change of the colour of the colloidal suspension from red to blue. Overall, real-time detection of DPP-IV activity over a broader range (0-40 U/L) with high selectivity and stability was obtained, thus providing a method that can be used to determine the levels of DPP-IV/CD26 in biological fluids such as serum and plasma. Further assay developments were conducted to overcome limitations encountered with the original Au NP assay, especially the narrow dynamic linear range and stability in high ionic strength solutions. Validation and comparison of the Au NP assay developed has revealed that this method is highly correlated to the gold standard chromogenic Gly-Pro-pNA method for detection of enzyme activity in biological samples. Very good recoveries (in the range 83.6 –114.9%) were obtained in spiked serum samples, which indicate that this assay could provide a suitable alternative for enzyme activity detection with the naked eye and without the need for sophisticated instruments. Investigations into the effects of incorporating different stabilizers in order to improve the stability of the peptide functionalized Au NP in high ionic strength solutions were also investigated. Gold nanoparticles have different shapes and structures and an alternative approach for detection of DPP-IV activity using gold nanorods due to their higher refractive index sensitivities was explored. As a conclusion, three out of five approaches, all utilising Au NP-ligand conjugates were demonstrated useful for the detection of the DPP-IV activity. The system developed here is portable and would permit on-site analysis of samples, which offers a real alternative approach from traditional assays and reduces the need for laboratory testing. The logical next step in this research would be the continuation of experiments to transform this test into a point of care testing device that could offer an early detection tool for disease management.
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Ponsot, Flavien. „Hybrides bactériochlorine-dicétopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) : Nouveaux fluorophores proche infrarouge pour des applications en biodétection/bioimagerie“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1fa27cab-663e-4192-be47-cd34a712a1cd.
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Les fluorophores organiques absorbant et émettant dans le proche infrarouge (700-900 nm, première fenêtre thérapeutique NIR-I) sont des outils de choix pour une application en bioimagerie. En effet, l'absorption, la diffusion et l'autofluorescence de constituants du milieu biologiques sont limitées dans cette région spectrale, rendant les tissus relativement transparents à ces longueurs d'onde. Les bactériochlorines sont des dérivés de porphyrines dont deux doubles liaisons sont réduites. Ces molécules présentent une forte absorption et une émission dans le NIR-I. Les DPP sont des fluorophores, structurellement plus simples, aux propriétés très intéressantes. Ils présentent un rendement quantique de fluorescence élevé, un grande photostabilité et sont également très stable chimiquement et thermiquement. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'associer ces deux fluorophores et d'accéder à de nouvelles architectures multi-chromophoriques d'intérêt et combinant leurs propriétés complémentaires. Les DPP utilisés dans la construction de ces structures hybrides, très modulables pourront être adaptés à la détection d'activités enzymatiques d'intérêt en milieu biologique, par introduction d'un motif de reconnaissance spécifique de l'analyte et de groupements hydrosolubilisantsNear-infrared (700-900 nm) absorbing and emitting organic-based fluorophores are valuable tools for bioimaging applications. Indeed, biological component absorption, diffusion and autofluorescence are quite low in this region (known as the first therapeutic window NIR-I), making tissues relatively transparent to these long wavelengths. Bacteriochlorins are porphyrins derivatives in which two double bonds are reduced. These molecules display a strong absorption and emission within NIR-I spectral range. DPPs are structurally simpler fluorophores displaying very interesting properties. They have high fluorescence quantum yields, are highly (photo)chemically and thermally stable. The aim of this thesis is to associate these two fluorophore units in order to yield novel multi-chromophoric molecular architectures that combine their complementary properties. DPP dyes used in the design of the hybrids are highly versatile. They can be used as fluorogenic reporters for the detection of relevant enzymatic activities in the biological media by introducing a specific triggering unit of the targeted analyte and water-solubilizing moieties
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Kutach, Alan K. „The DPE is a core promoter element that is widely used in Drosophila promoters /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9981959.
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OLIVEIRA, B. C. „A INIBIÇÃO DA DPP-4 PREVINE A DISFUNÇÃO VASCULAR INDUZIDA PELA HIPERATIVIDADE Β-ADRENÉRGICA“. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10139.
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tese_12458_Dissertação Bruna Coelho de Oliveira.pdf: 3129380 bytes, checksum: aad680bbed3b5d90cccb13bd81125785 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2018-08-10O aumento da atividade simpática está envolvido com a gênese e a manutenção de estados patológicos que acometem o sistema cardiovascular. A hiperatividade β-adrenérgica induz a formação de fatores inflamatórios locais no tecido vascular, levando a uma disfunção vascular. Uma possível estratégia farmacológica de controlar a lesão vascular pelo processo inflamatório é inibindo a enzima dipeptidil peptidase 4. Os inibidores da DPP-4 são da classe de fármacos utilizados para tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2, por aumentar a meia-vida do GLP-1 e melhorar o controle glicêmico. Objetivamos testar a hipótese de que o inibidor de DPP-4 reverte a disfunção vascular e atenua o processo inflamatório causado pela hiperatividade β-adrenérgica. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus), machos, pesando entre 300 à 350g. Os animais foram separados aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: grupo veículo (VHC), grupo isoproterenol (agonista β-adrenérgico não seletivo) (ISO) e grupo isoproterenol mais sitagliptina (inibidor da enzima DPP-4) (ISO+SITA). Foi utilizada linhagem de células endoteliais de veia umbilical humana (EAhy.926) e células musculares lisas vasculares primárias (CMLV), obtidas pelo método de explante da aorta torácica de ratos wistar. Mostramos nos nossos resultados que o isoproterenol causou hipertrofia cardíaca de 28% e a sitagliptina não foi capaz de prevenir essa resposta. Não houve alteração na função cardiorrespiratória. A inibição da DPP-4 foi capaz de prevenir o aumento da resposta contrátil à fenilefrina, além disso preveniu a disfunção endotelial causada pelo isoproterenol na reatividade vascular, observada pela remoção mecânica do endotélio. O tratamento crônico com isoproterenol não alterou a atividade da DPP-4, porém aumentou a expressão de RNAm das citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1β (86%), IL-6 (45%) e MCP-1 (84%) na aorta, enquanto a sitagliptina reduziu para o nível basal. In vitro, o isoproterenol não alterou a atividade da DPP-4 e a expressão das citocinas inflamatórias nas CMLV, mas aumentou a atividade da DPP-4 e citocinas inflamatórias nas células endoteliais (IL-1β, 49%; IL-6, 39%; MCP-1, 43%) e a sitagliptina reduziu para o nível basal. Em conclusão, nosso estudo demonstrou que a inibição da DPP-4 pela sitagliptina melhora a disfunção vascular e atenua significativamente a inflamação endotelial em um modelo experimental de hiperatividade β-adrenérgica.
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Poncina, N. „DPP-4 inhibition improves function of endothelial progenitor cells from type 2 diabetic patients“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423910.
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Background and aims. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with reduction and dysfunction of circulating pro-angiogenic cells (PACs). PACs are a subset of BM-derived cells that contribute to endothelial homeostasis. Diabetes impairs EPC functions, thus prompting endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as Saxagliptin, are a relatively new class of antidiabetic agents. Since SDF-1α, a chemokine involved in EPC trafficking, is a substrate of DPP-4, we aimed to test whether DPP-4 inhibition affects basal and SDF-1α -stimulated EPC function
Methods. PACs were isolated from T2D (n=20) and healthy (n=20) subjects. Gene expression, clonogenesis, proliferation, adhesion, migration and tubulisation were assessed in vitro by incubating PACs with or without Saxagliptin and SDF-1α. Stimulation of angiogenesis by circulating cells from T2D patients treated with Saxagliptin or other non-incretinergic drugs was assessed in vivo using animal models. Soluble DPP-4 activity was predominant over cellular activity and was successfully inhibited by Saxagliptin. At baseline, PACs from T2D patients compared to healthy PACs contained less acLDL+Lectin+ cells, and showed altered expression of genes related to adhesion and cell cycle regulation. This was reflected by impaired adhesion and clonogenesis / proliferative response of T2D PACs. Saxagliptin + SDF-1α improved adhesion and tube sustaining capacity of PACs from T2D patients, while it did not affect healthy PACs. While Saxagliptin modestly reduced angiogenesis by mature endothelial cells, circulating PAC-progeny cells from T2D patients on Saxagliptin treatment displayed higher growth factor-inducible in vivo angiogenetic activity, compared to cells from T2D patients on non-incretinergic regimen.
Conclusions. Saxagliptin reverses PAC dysfunction associated with T2D in vitro and improves inducible angiogenesis by circulating cells in vivo. These data add knowledge to the potential pleiotropic cardiovascular effects of DPP-4 inhibition.Presupposti e obiettivi. Il diabete mellito (DM) è associato con una alterazione delle cellule pro angiogeniche (PACs). Le PACs sono cellule di origine midollare che contribuiscono all’omeostasi endoteliale. Il diabete altera le funzioni delle PACs favorendo quindi la disfunzione endoteliale. Gli inibitori dell’enzima DPP4, tra cui Saxagliptin (SAXA), sono una classe di farmaci usati nella terapia orale antidiabetica del diabete tipo 2. Poichè SDF-1α, chemochina coinvolta nella mobilizzazione delle PACs, è un substrato di DPP4, lo scopo dello studio è stato testare se l’inibizione di DPP4 possa modificare le capacità funzionali delle PACs. Metodi. Le PACs sono state isolate da sangue periferico di soggetti sani o diabetici e dopo sette giorni di coltura, in terreno addizionato di SAXA e/o SDF-1α, sono stati eseguiti alcuni saggi funzionali: adesione ad un monostrato di HUVECs, migrazione, proliferazione, tubulizzazione e analisi di espressione genica . Risultati. L’attività solubile di DPP-4 risulta maggiore rispetto all’attività della forma cellulare ed entrambe vengono equamente inibite da Saxagliptin. Al basale le colture di PACs da pazienti diabetici rispetto a quelle da soggetti sani contengono meno acLDL+Lectin+ cells e mostrano un’espressione alterata dei geni legati all’adesione e alla regolazione del ciclo cellulare. Questo rispecchia l’alterata risposta delle PACs da diabetici nei saggi di adesione, proliferazione / clono genesi. Saxagliptin + SDF-1α migliora l’adesione e la formazione di tubuli da parte delle PACs da soggetti diabetici ma non in quelle da soggetti sani. Le cellule da pazienti diabetici che assumono Saxagliptin mostrano una maggiore attivita angiogenica in vivo indotta da fattori di crescita rispetto a quelle da pazienti che non assumono Saxagliptin. Conclusioni. Saxagliptin ripristina la funzione delle PACs nel diabete in vitro e migliora l’angiogenesi indotta in vivo. Questi dati suggeriscono che l’inibizione di DPP4 possa avere un effetto positivo sulle PACs di pazienti diabetici, che potrebbero stimolare la rigenerazione endoteliale e ridurre il rischio di malattia cardiovascolare.
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Bourgault, Steve. „Développement d'agonistes stables du récepteur PAC1 : étude des relations structure-activité du Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide“. Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES027.
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Le PACAP a été isolé pour sa capacité à stimuler la formation d'AMPc dans les cellules antéhypophysaires. Le PACAP favorise la survie neuronale, effet régulé par le récepteur PAC1. Ce récepteur est considéré comme une cible thérapeutique. Il importe donc de développer de puissants agonistes du récepteur PAC1 affichant une stabilité métabolique accrue. Afin de conférer au PACAP une résistance face à la protéolyse, une librairie d'analogues comportant des modifications chimiques ciblant les principaux sites de clivages enzymatique a été développée. Afin d'acquérir des informations pouvant soutenir la conception d'agonistes non-peptidiques, une étude des relations structure-activité a été entreprise. Par l'application de contraintes supportée par la modélisation moléculaire, un modèle de la conformation bioactive a été proposée. Les résultats de cette étude s'inscrivent dans une démarche globale visant une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme d'action du PACAP à l'échelle moléculairePACAP was isolated on the basis of its ability to simulate cAMP formation in anterior pituitary cells. PACAP induces neuronal survival, effect involving the activation of the PAC1 receptor. This receptor is actually considered as a potential therapeutic target. The development of potent PAC1 agonists with increasted metabolic stability appears as an important issue. A library of PACAP analogs containing chemical modifications targeting potential enzymatic cleavage sites was developed to identify derivatives resistant to proteolysis. A structure-activity relationships study was also undertaken to acquire valuable information that could eventually support the rational design of non-peptide agonists of the PAC1 receptor. By the introduction of conformational constraints supported by NMR spectroscopy , a model of the bioactive conformation of PACAP was proposed. The results of this study should also lead to a better comprehension of the mode of action of PACAP at the molecular level
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ROGER, CHRISTOPHE. „Complexes fer-methylene et fer methoxymethylene en serie fe (c#5me#5) (dppe) : activation par transfert d'electron et electrocatalyse“. Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10067.
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Etude structurale et reactivite de nouveaux complexes fer-carbene en serie fe(#5-c#5me#5)(#2-dppe), les composes methoxymethylene ou methylene sont prepares ou actives par transfert monoelectronique selon des processus inedits. En particulier la synthese du complexe |fe(#5-c#5me#5)(#2-dppe)(=coch#3)|#+pf#6# est realisee en trois etapes: transfert d'electron-deprotonation-transfert d'electron a partir du precurseur fe(#5-c#5me#5)(#2-ddpe)ch#2och#3. Les structures cristallographiques des composes fe(#5-c#5me#5)(#2-ddpe)cl, |fe(#5-c#5me#5)(#2-ddpe)(=cooch#3)|#+pf#6# et |fe(#5-c#5me#5)(#2-dppe)ch#2och#3|#+pf#6# ont ete etablies par diffraction des rayons x
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Simi, Eleonora. „Prima del progetto. Definizione del DPP dell'intervento di rifunzionalizzazione dell'ex Merlettificio Türck a Pinerolo (TO)“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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La presente tesi costituisce una simulazione del ruolo professionale del Responsabile Unico del Procedimento (RUP), figura che, ai sensi dell'art. 31 del D.Lgs. 50/2016, prende parte alle fasi di programmazione, progettazione, affidamento ed esecuzione di progetti per conto della Pubblica Amministrazione. Questa figura svolge i compiti propri del manager che conosce e gestisce le questioni di carattere decisionale, scientifico, urbanistico, tecnico e progettuale.
Nell'ottica di un concorso di progettazione, lo scopo della tesi consiste nella redazione del Documento Preliminare alla Progettazione relativo all'intervento di rifunzionalizzazione dell'Ex Merlettificio Türck a Pinerolo (TO). L'edificio, di natura protoindustriale risalente ai primi anni del XVIII secolo, è inserito all'interno di un'area di 64.400 mq, nella quale sono presenti altri opifici costruiti successivamente e un cluster agrario storico di notevole interesse paesaggistico. In seguito alla chiusura di tutto il complesso (1977), si apre una stagione di acceso dibattito tra proprietari, amministratori pubblici, docenti universitari, esperti di archeologia industriale e associazioni dedite alla salvaguardia del patrimonio storico, che attraversa temporalmente la formazione di diversi Piani Regolatori e non può ritenersi conclusa neppure oggi.
Il DPP prende le mosse dal Concorso di idee Lyda Türck - Città d'opera e d'acqua indetto dalla Sezione Pinerolese di Italia Nostra (2014) con l'obiettivo di promuovere un nuovo assetto urbanistico per l'area che tuteli i valori storici e ambientali connessi alle testimonianze di archeologia industriale presenti. Il documento fornisce anche, in riferimento ad alcuni casi studio, specifiche tecniche di carattere architettonico, urbanistico e legislativo ben precise.
Il lavoro prodotto è stato sviluppato attraverso l'utilizzo di alcuni strumenti del Project Management e attraverso le modalità di risoluzione e analisi del Problem Solving.
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Stürner, Alexandra Bianca. „Untersuchung der Effekte des DPP-4 Inhibitors Sitagliptin auf eine Diät induzierte NASH im Mausmodell“. Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-146907.
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Rabindranath, Aravinda Raman [Verfasser]. „New DPP- and Fluorene-Based Conjugated Polymers as Sensor and Emitter Materials / Aravinda Raman Rabindranath“. Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1156518210/34.
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Davanso, Mariana Rodrigues. „Análise imunoendocrinológica da administração de inibidor de DPP-4 no diabetes mellitus tipo 1 experimental“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17147/tde-21062012-102848/.
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O diabetes mellitus do tipo 1 (DM1) é uma doença autoimune caracterizada pela destruição seletiva de células pancreáticas produtoras de insulina. Existem diversas formas de tratamento do DM1, tais como administração de insulina, imunossupressores, transplantes de pâncreas ou de ilhotas pancreáticas, porém todos se mostram ineficientes em algum aspecto. Recentemente, uma nova classe de medicamentos, os inibidores da enzima dipeptidil peptidase 4 (iDPP-4), demonstrou eficiência terapêutica e segurança no tratamento de pacientes com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 devido ao aumento do hormônio peptídeo-1 semelhante ao glucagon (GLP-1, do inglês glucagon-like peptide-1). Além disso, o uso de inibidores de DPP-4 em modelos experimentais de DM1 demonstrou proteção das células pancreáticas contra apoptose, estimulação de neogênese de ilhotas pancreáticas e melhora do controle homeostático da glicose. Esse presente projeto teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil imunológico e endocrinológico da administração do inibidor de DPP-4 (MK0431) em DM1 experimental quimicamente induzido por estreptozotocina em camundongos C57Bl/6. Os animais diabéticos foram tratados com ração controle ou ração contendo inibidor de DPP-4 (4g MK0431/Kg de ração) ad libitum durante 30 e 90 dias. Durante o tratamento os animais tiveram glicemia, peso e teste de tolerância oral à glicose avaliados. Ao final do tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados e o sangue, baço, timo, linfonodos pancreáticos e pâncreas foram coletados. Após 30 dias de tratamento com inibidor, foi observado um aumento do hormônio GLP-1 no soro, além de um padrão imunológico favorável. Dentre os mecanismos imunológicos, foi possível observar um aumento de células T reguladoras (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) no baço e uma diminuição da citocina IFN- no homogenato pancreático. Após 90 dias de tratamento com inibidor, também foi detectado um aumento de insulina e GLP-1 séricos e uma diminuição nos níveis glicêmicos dos animais tratados. Observou-se uma redução no padrão inflamatório no microambiente pancreático, caracterizado pela diminuição das citocinas TNF- e IFN- no homogenato pancreático e por uma redução da freqüência de macrófagos CD11b+ nos linfonodos pancreáticos. Os resultados obtidos neste projeto contribuíram para validar a eficácia terapêutica da administração de inibidor de DPP-4 no tratamento do DM1 experimental, bem como os mecanismos imunológicos e endocrinológicos envolvidos. Sem a ocorrência de efeitos tóxicos relevantes, o uso de inibidores de DPP-4 pode se tornar uma alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento do DM1 em humanos, que constitui uma doença crônica associada à baixa qualidade de vida em longo prazo e necessidade de tratamento de alto custo.Davanso, M.R. Immunoendocrinological analyses after administration of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor on experimental type 1 diabetes. 2012. 105p. Thesis (Masters Degree) School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2012. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic cells. Several forms of treatment for DM1 are current known such as insulin administration, immunosuppressors, pancreas or pancreatic islets transplantation, however, they all are inefficient in some aspect. Recently, a new class of drugs, the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (iDPP-4) showed therapeutic efficacy and safety in the treatment with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients due to an increase in the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In addition, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors in experimental models of DM1 has demonstrated a protection of pancreatic cells against apoptosis, stimulation of pancreatic islets neogenesis and improvement in the glucose homeostatic control. This project evaluated the immunological and endocrinological profile of the DPP-4 (MK0431) inhibitor administration in experimental chemically induced DM1 by streptozotocin in C57BI/6 mice. The diabetic animals were treated with either a normal chow diet or diet containing DPP-4 inhibitor (4g MK0431/Kg of diet) ad libitum during 30 and 90 days. During the treatment the animals were evaluated regarding glycemia, weight, and oral glucose tolerance test. At the end of the treatment, the animals were killed and the blood, spleen, thymus, pancreatic lymph nodes and pancreas were collected. After 30 days of treatment with inhibitor, it was observed an increase in the hormone GLP-1 in the serum, besides a favorable immunological pattern. Among the immunologic mechanisms, it was possible to observe an increase in the regulator T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) of the spleen and a decrease in the cytokine IFN- in the pancreatic homogenate. After 90 days of treatment with inhibitor, it was also noticed an increase in the insulin and serum GLP-1 levels as well as a decrease in the glycemic levels in the treated animals. It was observed a reduction in the inflammatory pattern in the pancreatic microenvironment characterized by a decrease in the cytokines TNF- and IFN- in the pancreatic homogenate and by a reduction in the frequency of CD11b+ macrophages in the pancreatic lymph nodes. The results obtained in this project contributed to validate the therapeutic efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor administration in the treatment of experimental DM1, as well as the immunological and endocrinological mechanisms involved. Without the occurrence of relevant toxic effects, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors may become a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of DM1 in humans, which constitutes a chronic disease associated to low life quality and need for high cost treatment.
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Bollenbach, Tobias. „Formation of morphogen gradients“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1131092485542-81424.
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Morphogens are signaling molecules that play a key role in animal development. They spread from a restricted source into an adjacent target tissue forming a concentration gradient. The fate of cells in the target tissue is determined by the local concentration of such morphogens. Morphogen transport through the tissue has been studied in experiments which lead to the suggestion of several transport mechanisms. While diffusion in the extracellular space contributes to transport, recent experiments on the morphogen Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in the fruit fly Drosophila provide evidence for the importance of a cellular transport mechanism that was termed "planar transcytosis". In this mechanism, morphogens are transported through cells by repeated rounds of internalization and externalization. Starting from a microscopic theoretical description of these processes, we derive systems of nonlinear transport equations which describe the interplay of transcytosis and passive diffusion. We compare the results of numerical calculations based on this theoretical description of morphogen transport to recent experimental data on the morphogen Dpp in the Drosophila wing disk. Agreement with the experimental data is only achieved if the parameters entering the theoretical description are chosen such that transcytosis contributes strongly to transport. Analyzing the derived transport equations, we find that transcytosis leads to an increased robustness of the created gradients with respect to morphogen over-expression. Indications for this kind of robustness have been found in experiments. Furthermore, we theoretically investigate morphogen gradient formation in disordered systems. Here, an important question is how the position of concentration thresholds can be defined with high precision in the noisy environment present in typical developing tissues. Among other things, we find that the dimensionality of the system in which the gradient is formed plays an important role for the precision. Comparing gradients formed by transcytosis to those formed by extracellular diffusion, we find substantial differences that may result in a higher precision of gradients formed by transcytosis. Finally, we suggest several experiments to test the theoretical predictions of this work.
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Castro, Júnior José Geraldo de. „Estudo clínico e soroepidemiológico da Leishmaniose visceral canina em Juiz de Fora, MG“. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4569.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
No Brasil, a leishmaniose visceral (LV), também conhecida como calazar, é uma zoonose, de transmissão vetorial, causada pelo protozoário Leishmania chagasi. Esta doença, anteriormente descrita como rural vem passando por um processo de urbanização. Em 2008, foram diagnosticados no município de Juiz de Fora, os primeiros casos considerados autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) e estudos sobre epidemias urbanas da LV têm indicado que a LVC vem precedendo a infecção humana, visto que os cães são os principais reservatórios domésticos. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a infecção de LVC no município de Juiz de Fora, bem como avaliar os fatores de risco associados à doença. O trabalho foi realizado com animais do canil municipal e ONGs e a partir do soro destes foram realizadas três técnicas sorológicas: o imunocromatográfico “TR DPP® e ELISA (“EIE-Leishmaniose visceral canina®), ambos fornecidos pela FIOCRUZ/Bio-Manguinhos e ELISA in house. A amostra totalizou 781 animais e a prevalência da LVC variou de acordo com a técnica empregada: o teste DPP apresentou soropositividade de 4,87% (IC 95% de 3,5-6,7%); o ELISA Bio-Manguinhos de 2,18% (IC 95% de 1,3-3,5%) e ELISA in house de 13,73% (IC 10,8-17,3%). Em relação à variabilidade observada entre as técnicas, vale a pena destacar que as mesmas apresentam antígenos diferentes e isto pode refletir nos resultados. A amostra foi composta, em sua maioria por fêmeas adultas, sem raça definida, porte médio e pelo curto. Na análise univariada, utilizando-se o ELISA Bio-Manguinhos como confirmatório para a LVC, foi observada associação estatística (p< 0,05; IC 95%) com sintomatologia clínica segundo Quinnell et al. 2003, origem dos animais (canil municipal) e grupo racial; além disto, houve sugestão de associação com sexo masculino e porte médio/grande dos animais. Na análise multivariada, o fato de ser procedente do canil e sintomatologia clínica mantiveram associadas ao desfecho, sendo também sugestiva o sexo masculino. Este foi o primeiro inquérito da LVC no município de Juiz de Fora e a presença da doença relatada neste trabalho, reforça a idéia de que a leishmaniose está em processo de expansão e urbanização no Brasil, apontando a necessidade de vigilância epidemiológica ativa.
In Brazil, the visceral leishmaniasis (LV), also known as calazar, is a zoonotic disease, with vector transmission caused by the Leishmania chagasi protozoan. This disease, before described as rural is going through a process of urbanization. In 2008, were diagnosed in Juiz de Fora municipality, the first cases considered autochthones of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and research about urban epidemic of LV has showed that the CVL is preceding the human infection, since that the dogs are the main domestic reservoirs. Then, the present study aimed to investigate the CVL infection in Juiz de Fora, as well as to value the risk factors associated to the disease. This work was done with the animals of the public kennel and ONGs and with the serum were realized three serological techniques: the immunochomatographic “TR DPP® and ELISA (EIE-leishmaniose visceral canine®), both given by FIOCRUZ/BIO-MANGUINHOS and ELISA in house. The samples totalized 781 animals and the prevalence of CVL varied according with the technique used: the test DPP showed soropositivity of 4.87% (IC 95% of 3.5-6.7%); the ELISA Bio-Manguinhos of 2.18% (IC 95% of 1.3-3.5%) and ELISA in house of 13.73% (IC 10.8-17.3%). In relation to variability observed among the techniques, as worth pointing out that same showed different antigens and this can reflect in the results. The sampIes were compound in majority by adult females, without definite race, medium-sized and short hair. In the univarious analysis using the ELISA Bio-Manguinhos as confirmatory for the CVL, was observed statistic association (p<0.05; IC 95%) with clinic sintomatology according by Quinnell et al. (2003), origin of animals (public kennel) and racial group; and also, there was suggestion of the association with masculine sex and medium/big port animals. In the multivarious analysis, the fact of being precedent from the kennell and clinic sintomatology kept associated to the result, being suggestive the masculine sex. This was the first enquiry of CVL in Juiz de Fora municipality and presence of the disease showed in this research, reinforce the idea that the leishmaniasis is in the process of expansion and urbanization in Brazil, pointing out necessity of an active epidemiologic vigilance.
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Babu, Surendranath G. V. „Influence of certain socio-psychological variables on teaching competency of teachers in Dpep and non-Dpep districts“. Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1902.
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Cheng, Ming-te, und 鄭明德. „A Study of DPP''s Factionalism“. Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64165555379050008527.
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劉秋蒞. „含氮、磷多牙團配子VIB金屬羰基錯合物的合成及結構研究-Mo2(CO)8(trien)Mo2(CO)8(C10H26N4)Mo2(CO)9(C7H19N3)fac-W(CO)3(η1-dppe)(η2-dppe)fac-Mo(CO)3(η1-dppe)(η2-dppe)“. Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73707301663224595862.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
化學學系
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Metal carbonyl derivatives were synthesized by reactions of the VIB metal hexacarbonyls with polydentate nitrogen ligand, triethylenetetramine, N, N'-bis (3-aminopropyl) butane-1, 4-diamine, 1, 1, 4, 7, 7-pentamethyltriethylenetetramine and 1, 2-bis (diphenyl-phosphino) ethane (dppe) in refluxed n-decane or tetrahydrofuran (THF) and were identified by infrared spectra and elemental analysis. Among them, crystal structures of (1)[Mo2(CO)8(trien)], (trien=H2N-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)2-NH2); (2)[Mo2(CO)8(C10H26N4)], (C10H26N4=H2N-(CH2)3-NH-(CH2)4-NH-(CH2)3-NH2); (3) [Mo2(CO)9(C7H19N3)], (C7H19N3=H2N-CH2)3-NH-(CH2)4-NH2); (4) [fac-W(CO)3(η1-dppe(O))(η2-dppe)], (dppe=PPh2-(CH2); (4) [FAC-W(CO)3(η1-dppe(O))(η2-dppe)], (dppe=PPh2-(CH2)2-PPh2; (5) [fac-Mo(CO)3(η1-dppe)(η2-dppe)] have been undertaken by X-ray diffraction method. Light yellow crystals of (1) are monoclinic space group P21/c, a=14.102 (3), b=10.963 (2), c=14.517 (2)A, V=2038.8 (6), β=114.70 (1) Z=4.Final R values are Rf=0.033, Rw=0.031. The ligands (trien) were coordinated to metals to form two fivemembered chelating rings. Yellow crystals of (2) are triclinic space group P-1 with , a=8.478 (3), b=11.921 (2), c=13.920 (3)A, V=1239.8 (6)A3, α=92.91 (2),β=114.69 (2),γ=103.59 (2)Z=2. Final R values are Rf=0.048, Rw=0.043. The dinuclear complex has two cis six- membered chelating rings. Yellow crystals of (3) are triclinic space group P-1 with a=8.006 (4), b=11.244(9), c=12.670 (3)A,V=1134.9 (1)A3,α=88.66 (4),β=85.76 (3),γ=87.20 (3)Z=2. Final R values are Rf=0.046, Rw=0.048. The compound (3) has a chelating ring and single bridged structure. Yellow crystals of (4) are monoclinic space group P21/c with a=9.776 (4),b=19.219 (6),c=26.032 (1)A, V=4859 (3)A3, β=96.56 (3)0,Z=4. Final R values are Rf=0.034, Rw=0.031. The compound (4) has a chelating ring and a dangled structure and is a trisubstituted mononuclear complex. Light yellow crystals of (5) are monoclinic space group P21/a with a=9.797 (2),b=19.296 (3), c=26.015 (2)A, V=4871 (1)A3,β=96.92 (3)Z=4.Final R values are Rf=0.088, Rw=0.094.The compound (5) is a trisubstituted mononuclear complex.
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Lenox, Mark Wayne. „Iterative transmission image reconstruction for the DPET positron emission tomograph“. 2009. http://etd.utk.edu/2009/Spring2009Dissertations/LenoxMarkWayne.pdf.
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Kai, Lin Meng, und 林盟凱. „The Study of DPP''s Military Strategy“. Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98448732413555557485.
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碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所
89
Since non-KMT figures came into existence the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 1986, the opposition increasingly got more and more seats in legislator and county magistrate & mayor elections, and demonstrated the dense momentum of “Green Ruling”. Next, Chen Shui-bian won the president election in 2000, achieved the DPP’s expectation of acquiring central authorities. Although the public could grasp the DPP’s political claims and national identity issues, but besides political affairs, a ruling party also need to face and settle social, economic, educational issues, even Taiwan’s military strategies. For this reason, the thesis generalized the process of change in Taiwan’s military strategies, arranged the DPP’s military strategies positions and suggestions, and analyzed the essence and future feasibility behind the party’s newly claim of “Decisive battle outside territory”. Finally, the composer proposed policy propositions to used as references of drafting Taiwan’s military strategies. This thesis divided into five parts. Chapter 1 brought up introduction, including research motives, purposes, methods, restrictions, frameworks, and the definitions, substances, scope and content of “military strategies”. Chapter 2 described DPP’s views about Taiwan’s peripheral strategic situations, comprehended Southeast Asian nations and Japan’s stands and implications for Taiwan’s military strategies environments, explained US’s estimations and suggestions for Taiwan’s military strategies, which crucial affected DPP’s strategies formulation. Eventually, last section set out how the modernization of Chinese Liberation Army (PLA) impacted to Taiwan’s military strategies. Chapter 3 illustrated DPP’s newly military strategies positions and figures interviews, section 1 introduced the process of changes on Taiwan’s military strategies in fifty years. thereby investigated the tracks and to forecast future trend. Section 2 interpreted DPP’s official opinions and party associate’s comments on Taiwan’s military strategies, for the purpose of assembling the DPP’s positions on military strategies. Section 3 compiled the interviews of DPP’s legislators took part in the defense commission of Legislative Yuan, the composer called on Li Wen-jung, Tsai Ming-shian, Chen Jung-shin and Parris H. Chang, clearing the relative comments of them. Chapter 4 discussed relative concepts and feasibilities on “Decisive battle outside territory ”, section1 assayed the possible models of PLA invading Taiwan; section 2 deliberated the principal conception of “Decisive battle outside territory” — “Depth Strike”, interpreted its definition, executive modes, objectives selection and advantages. Section 3 conferred on the feasibility of implementing “Decisive battle outside territory” strategy. Chapter 5 put conclusions up, proposed the thesis’s research achievements and relative policy opinions.
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Hachoumi, Mounia el [Verfasser]. „Die Funktion von Bx42-Skip im TGF-β-Dpp-Signal-Transduktionsweg [TGF-beta-Dpp-Signal-Transduktionsweg] / von: Mounia El Hachoumi“. 2007. http://d-nb.info/98528028X/34.
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47
Amilcar, Akin-Ojo. „Design of a Teleworking Service Using Parlay Framework Federation“. Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1776.
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Faculty of Engineering and Built Enviroment
School of Electrical and Information Engineering
0314356t
morayus@engineer.comA teleworking service allows people to work effectively together from home or other approved locations away from the regular work site, on an established work schedule. This is made possible via the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Presently, there are isolated applications that can assist teleworkers, such as e-mail and video conferencing, which were developed for use over the Internet. But the Internet is a best-effort network with no guarantee of Quality of service (QoS), low security and no standard billing system. The design of this teleworking service involves the integration of many existing services like e-mail, messaging, video conferencing, shared whiteboard and database access. Other requirements are for service providers interworking for service and resource usage, security, and QoS specification. Hence, we explore the emerging open service concept to create this integrated teleworking service that can be made available for subscription by corporate bodies and individuals. Service federation is the interaction between teleworkers across service provider domains. It is achieved via the interworking of providers’ services, and is an essential aspect of teleworking. We have realised a service federation in a secure and seamless manner in the OSA / Parlay environment via the use of the OSA / Parlay framework. We looked at the use of a framework federation for the actual implementation of service federation. This framework federation is an interworking of frameworks based on an agreed-upon federation contract between them. New framework interfaces were introduced to facilitate this proposed solution, as the OSA / Parlay specifications do not yet support this approach. Service composition is the creation of a new service instance by composing one or more other services. We implemented this via the use of framework and trader federation. The trader federation was used to locate services or users in different ASP domains. A high level design of the teleworking service was done with federation explored for actual implementation. The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) trading service was used to prove the concept. The RM-ODP methodology is followed in this teleworking service design. The OSA / Parlay terminal capability, generic call control, multiparty and location and Service Capability Features (SCF) were used for implementing in the CORBA Distributed Processing Environment (DPE).
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Ji-Ming, Luo. „Intramolecular Cyclization and Related Reactions of (h7-C7H7)(dppe)MoCNR Isocyanide complexes“. 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0507200520025100.
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49
Luo, Ji-Ming, und 羅基銘. „Intramolecular Cyclization and Related Reactions of (h7-C7H7)(dppe)MoCNR Isocyanide complexes“. Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93733292612049911072.
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博士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
93
The new molybdenum cyanide complex (h7-C7H7)(PPh3)Mo(CN) (1) is prepared from [Mo]I {[Mo] = (h7-C7H7)(dppe)Mo} with KCN in MeOH. The reaction of cationic isocyanide complexes of molybdenum {[Mo]CNCH2R}Br, (R = CN, p-C6H4CN, p-C6H4CF3, C6F5) (2~5) with acetone or aldehyde in the presence of base leads to the synthesis of oxazolinyl complexes [Mo]C=NCHRCR’R”O (R’ = CH3, Ph, C4H9; R’’ = CH3, H) (9~20). This reaction proceeds possibly through an azirinyl intermediate detected by NMR spectra followed by insertion of a carbonyl group into the N-C single bond of the three-membered ring. The molecular structures of 1, 2, 5 and 20 have been determined by an X-ray diffraction study. For aldehyde, diastereoisomers are observed and diastereoselectivity is controlled by the steric effect. With an ester group, the cationic isocyanide complex {[Mo]CNCH2CO2Me}Br (6), could cyclize to give the oxazolone complex [Mo]C=NCH2C(O)O (8). Reactions of oxazolinyl complexes with iodomethane or iodoethane give alkylated isocyanide complexes (21~24) which have a stereogenic center in the methyne carbon. Such isocyanide complex 21 could also be obtained from the reaction of the isocyanide complex 5 with MeI in the presence of base. Reaction of the isocyanide complex (21, 23) containing a stereogenic center with base in MeOH afforded oxazolinyl complexes (25, 26). Oxazolinyl complex 25 can be obtained from the reaction of the isoyanide complex 21 with formaldehyde in the presence of base. The molecular structures of 23 and 26 have been determined by an X-ray diffraction study. Reaction of [Ru]CCPh with an excess of p-xylene dibromide in THF gave [(h5-C5H5)(PPh3)2Ru+=C=C(Ph)CH2C6H4CH2Br]Br- (27). Treatment of Complex 27 with [M]CN {[M] = (h5-C5H5)(PPh3)2Ru and (h7-C7H7)(dppe)Mo} in refluxing THF for 4 d afforded the dinuclear metal complex {[M]CN+CH2(C6H4)CH2(Ph)C=C=Ru+(PPh3)2(h5-C5H5)}(Br-)2 (28, 29) containing metal vinylidene and metal isocyanide moieties. Deprotonation of the dinuclear metal complexes 28, 29 in the presence of base in acetone afforded the neutral dinuclear metal complexes{[M]C=NCH(CH3)2O(C6H4)CH(Ph)C=C-Ru(PPh3)2(h5-C5H5)} (30, 32) containing oxazolinyl and cyclopropenyl moieties. Alkylation reaction of complex [Ru]CC(C4H2S)CHO with excess benzylbromide in THF for 4 days affords the vinylidene complex [Ru]+=C=C(CH2Ph)(C4H2S)CHO (34). Deprotonation of complex 34 in the presence of base affords the cyclopropenyl complex Cp(PPh3)2RuC=C(CHPh)(C4H2S)CHO. (35) Unfortunately, diunclear metal complex containing two isocyanide moieties could not be synthesized using various methods.
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Yang, Jung-Yen, und 楊忠諺. „Synthesis and Reactivity of Molybdenum Vinylidene Complexes Containing CO and dppe Ligand“. Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59654056973716558864.
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博士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
87
Abstract Treatment of Cp(CO)3WC≡CPh (1a) with trimethylphosphine affords monosubstituted tungsten acetylide complex Cp(PMe3)(CO)2WC≡CPh (1c). Bi-substituted tungsten acetylide complex Cp(PMe3)2(CO)WC≡CPh (1d) is prepared from UV photolysis of a mixture containing 1a and 2 equivalents of the trimethylphosphine in THF. 1d reacts with ICH2CN and BrCH2(1-C10H7) to afford [Cp(PMe3)2(CO)W=C=C(Ph)CH2CN]I (2a) and [Cp(PMe3)2(CO)W=C=C(Ph)CH2(1-C10H7)]Br (2c), respectively. 1d is readily protonated on Cb to afford a tungsten vinylidene complex [Cp(PMe3)2(CO)W=C=C(Ph)H]BPh4 (2b) in the presence of sodium tetraphenylborate in methanol. Cp(dppe)(CO)MoCl (3d) and Cp(dppe)W(CO)Cl (3d') were prepared from UV photolysis of [CpMo(CO)2(dppe)]Cl (3b) and [CpW(CO)2(dppe)]Cl (3b') in THF. Cp(PPh3)2(CO)MoCl (3e) and Cp(dppm)(CO)MoCl (3c) were prepared from a mixture of Cp(CO)3MoCl (3a) and the corresponding phosphine ligands in boiling toluene. Reduction of Cp(dppe)(CO)MoCl (3d) by sodium amalgam affords Cp(dppe)(CO)MoH (4a). 4a is readily changed to 3d in d-chloroform. [Cp(dppe)(CO)Mo(NCCH3)]Cl (4b) and [Cp(dppe)(CO)Mo(NCCH2Ph)]Cl (4c) were prepared from a mixture of 3d and corresponding nitrile in methanol under reflux. The azido molybdenum complex Cp(dppe)(CO)MoN3 (4d) can be prepared from a mixture of 3d and excess sodium azide in methanol at refluxing temperature. Treatment of a suspension of 3d with excess tert-butylacetylene in methanol under reflux affords a h2-alkyne complex [Cp(dppe)Mo(HC≡CBut)]Cl (5a). [Cp(dppe)Mo(HC≡CPh)]Cl (5b) was also prepared by using the same preparative method. Treatment of a methanol solution of 5a with 1 atm of CO at -78℃, transforms it into [Cp(dppe)(CO)Mo=C=C(But)H]Cl (5a') as an intermediate, 5a' decarbonylates with tautomerization of the vinylidene ligand to give back the h2-alkyne complex 5a on warming to room temperature. Hydrolysis of 5a' affords a molybdenum oxo dimer linked by hydroxy ligands. Treatment of a methanol solution of 5b with 1 atm of CO at room temperature affords a molybdenum vinylidene complex with a proton on Cb [Cp(dppe)(CO)Mo=C=C(Ph)H]Cl (5b'). Cp(dppe)(CO)MoC≡CBut (6a) and Cp(dppe)(CO)MoC≡CPh (6b) were prepared from a mixture of 5a' and 5b' in the presence of sodium methoxide. Protonation of 6a decarbonylates with vinylidene tautomerization to give back the h2-alkyne complex 5a. Treatment of 6b with BrCH2CN in chloroform affords a cationic molybdenum vinylidene complex Cp(dppe)(CO)Mo=C=C(Ph)CH2CN+ (7a). Similarly, preparations of complexes Cp(dppe)(CO)Mo=C=C(Ph)CH2R+ (7b, R = H; 7c, R = CH=CH2; 7d, R = Ph; 7e, R = C6F5; 7f, R = CO2CH2CH3) have all been achieved with good yields. Cp(dppe)MoC(CO2CH3)=C(Ph)CH2CH=CH2 (8a) and Cp(dppe)Mo(h3-CHCO2CH3C(Ph)CHPh) (8b), were isolated by treatment of the cationic molybdenum vinylidene complexes 7c and 7d with sodium methoxide in methanol. Treatment of 7d with excess sodium azide affords the corresponding nitrile coordinated complex [Cp(dppe)(CO)MoNCCH(Ph)CH2Ph]N3 (9d). Treatment of 6b with excess azidotrimethylsilane in chloroform at room temperature to afford the molybdenum tetrazolate complex Cp(dppe)(CO)MoN4CCH2Ph (10a). Treatment of ruthenium cyanide complex Cp(PPh3)2RuCN (11a) with alkyl or aryl halides affords cationic ruthenium isonitrile complexes Cp(PPh3)2Ru=C=NCH2R+ (12a, R = CN; 12b, R = CH2CN; 12c, R = CO2CH3; 12d, R = CO2CH2CH3; 12e, R = Ph; 12f, R = CH=CH2) with good yields. Deprotonation of cationic ruthenium isonitrile complex [Cp(PPh3)2RuCNCH2CN]Br (12a) by n-Bu4NOH in acetone affords the ruthenium *************** oxazole complex Cp(PPh3)2RuC=NCH(CN)C(CH3)2O (13a).