Dissertationen zum Thema „Données acoustiques“
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Samé, Allou Badara. „Modèles de mélange et classification de données acoustiques en temps réel“. Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe motivation for this Phd Thesis was a real-time flaw diagnosis application for pressurized containers using acoustic emissions. It has been carried out in collaboration with the Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques (CETIM). The aim was to improve LOTERE, a real-time computer-aided-decision software, which has been found to be too slow when the number of acoustic emissions becomes large. Two mixture model-based clustering approaches, taking into account time constraints, have been proposed. The first one consists in clustering 'bins' resulting from the conversion of original observations into an histogram. The second one is an on-line approach updating recursively the classification. An experimental study using both simulated and real data has shown that the proposed methods are very efficient
Wang, Hai Dong. „Méthodologie de segmentation et d'étiquetage automatisés de bases de données acoustiques“. Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrudon, Romain. „Synthèse de la parole multilocuteur par sélection d'unités acoustiques“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArgerich, martin Clara. „Etude et développement de nouvelles technologies acoustiques pour nacelle produits“. Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis Phd visits all the stages taking part in the conception of a new technology from the industry 4.0 point of view, where data-driven approaches and artificial intelligence techniques are becoming leading edge. The objective of this dissertation is to establish the tools that can help design and manufacture faster new technologies in development. First of all, manufacturing processes are a hot-topic of the dissertation. The manufacturing of acoustic liners for nacelles will be presented and the use of artificial intelligence techniques for optimizing a composite forming process will be highlighted. For this dissertation a new algorithm called ‘Code2Vect’ is presented to overcome two challenges: visualization of high-dimensional data and regression in the low-data limit. Overall, all the stages involving the design and implementation of new technologies in the industry will be analyzed from an artificial intelligence point of view
Collino, Francis. „Analyse numérique de modèles de propagation d’ondes : application à la migration et à l’inversion des données sismiques“. Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDenis, Alain. „Perméabilité de fracture et diagraphies acoustiques : traitements numériques de données obtenues en forage profond et sur modèle“. Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10519.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePouliot, Jacynthe. „Approche intégrée de traitements numériques des données bathymétriques acoustiques et optiques en vue de réduire l'intervention humaine“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17634.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartinez, Lopez Carlos Manuel. „Application de la régression en composantes principales au traitement des données acoustiques multifréquence : estimation des abondances du zooplancton“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXiu, Noé. „Perturbation de la production de la parole chez le patient atteint d'une paralysie laryngée : données acoustiques et aérodynamiques“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur thesis aims at studying the consequences of total or partial removal of the thyroid gland due to thyroid dysfunction, followed or not by a radiotherapy treatment, in the field of clinical phonetics. This type of intervention usually perturbs the speech production system and sometimes leads to permanent (less than 5% of cases) or transient degradation of voice quality. The work intends to be a contribution to research carried out in clinical linguistics and phonetics, more particularly in the area of compensatory or readjustment phenomena developed by patients, following perturbation provoked in their phonatory system. The work was carried out in collaboration with the Group Saint-Vincent Hospital, and more particularly with the Clinique Sainte-Anne of Strasbourg, within the department of thyroid surgery. Our study is longitudinal since we have followed a cohort of patients, who underwent thyroid gland surgery, for at least one year, acquiring acoustic and aerodynamic data every month, the postoperative examination having revealed or not a lesion in the mobility of the vocal folds. We have studied possible compensation or readjustment strategies that patients were able to deploy by themselves or with the help of speech therapy, in order to assess the flexibility of the speech production system. The purpose is thus to evaluate the flexibility of the speech production and perception system and to try to understand how this system works based on a specific dysfunction of pathological origin. It is thus a question of determining the limits of physical deviations imposed by linguistic requirements of clarity of the speech perception system. Through the various investigations that we have conducted, we have tried to account for possible viability of perceptually stable phonetic and phonological units, despite an omnipresent variability in the physical, articulatory, physiological and acoustic substrate. Particular attention is paid to societal dimensions related to quality of life (vocal fatigue, satisfaction of linguistic productions, self-esteem, etc.)
Hassan, Omaima. „Quelques aspects de l'utilisation des données radiographiques : extraction automatique des fonctions d'aire, macro-sensibilités acoustiques et transitions voyelle-voyelle“. Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClément, François. „Une formulation en temps de parcours par migration pour la détermination des vitesses de propagation acoustique à partir de données sismiques bi-dimensionnelles“. Paris 9, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA090033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is the implantation of a method, wich consists in a migration-based traveltime formulation, allowing the automatic detremination of the velocities from 2D seismic data. This approach interprets itself as a duality method applied ti the usual minimisation problem of the least-square error between data and predicted measures. The three chapters of the first part deal with the construction of basic tools : finite differences numerical simulation of the acoustic wave equation, separation of the propagation and reflection effects by representation of the acoustic parameters on a multiscaled basis and quantitative migration through a preconditionning of the usual migration operator obtained via a gradient calculation. The four chapters of the second part deal with the time formulation itself : motivations and key ideas, description of the new forward model, computation and visualisation of the gradients of the new cost functionand results of the minimisation of this cost function. Numerical illustrations are obtained with synthetic data wich are computed from a model with a simple structure but with important lateral velocity variations. THe results of the inversion of these data are very satisfying as they are obtained by a local (Quasi-Newton-based) minimisation method from a very poor initial point (constant)
Courcoux-Caro, Milan. „Conception optimisée d’antenne pour de la localisation passive de sources acoustiques“. Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis work is to propose an approach of array design for the localization of aerial or underwater acoustic sources. First, we will see how to describe the propagation of waves emitted by the sources. Then we will draw up the different methods allowing to estimate the positions of the sources from the measurements acquired by the sensors and from the propagation model. The bibliographic work on the field of acoustic source localization will highlight the importance of the sensors’ positions in the performance of the source position estimators. This will lead to a second bibliographic work on antenna design, and more precisely on the selection of sensor positions. The state of the art on antenna design methods will allow us to propose the following method: a sequential Bayesian data-driven selection. This approach takes into account the information contained in the measurements previously acquired in the pre-designed antenna, in order to select the future sensors. The application of this approach is innovative in the context of acoustic source localization. In a second step, first results realized on synthetic data prove to be promising for the application of this approach in an underwater acoustic source localization context. The analyses provided in this manuscript will allow to judge the relevance of this approach in the tested context, as well as to evaluate and compare the performance of this antenna design with the literature. Finally, we will apply this approach on real data from an experiment set up during the thesis. The propagation environment will be aerial in a closed reverberant room with a large number of available sensors. Acquiring real data will allow, in addition to evaluating the performance of our approach, to provide a new antenna design. This is designed from synthetic data and then applied to real data
Pujol, Hadrien. „Antennes microphoniques intelligentes : localisation de sources acoustiques par Deep Learning“. Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor my PhD thesis, I propose to explore the path of supervised learning, for the task of locating acoustic sources. To do so, I have developed a new deep neural network architecture. But, to optimize the millions of learning variables of this network, a large database of examples is needed. Thus, two complementary approaches are proposed to constitute these examples. The first is to carry out numerical simulations of microphonic recordings. The second one is to place a microphone antenna in the center of a sphere of loudspeakers which allows to spatialize the sounds in 3D, and to record directly on the microphone antenna the signals emitted by this experimental 3D sound wave simulator. The neural network could thus be tested under different conditions, and its performances could be compared to those of conventional algorithms for locating acoustic sources. The results show that this approach allows a generally more precise localization, but also much faster than conventional algorithms in the literature
François, Hélène. „Synthèse de la parole par concaténation d'unités acoustiques : construction et exploitation d'une base de parole continue“. Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKandé, Yoba. „Spatial environmental analyses using functional approaches : application to multifrequential fisheries acoustics data“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis falls within the framework of functional statistics applied to the environment.Functional data analysis is a field of statistics that studies data in functional forms. It provides techniques for dimension reduction, supervised and unsupervised learning, while considering temporal and/or spatial dependencies in functional data. Such data types are increasingly available in various fields, particularly in environmental sciences, thanks to modern technologies. One example is the use of fisheries acoustics, which allows for obtaining spatial and temporal samples of marine organisms at various depths and spatial scales, without intrusiveness.In this thesis, we analyzed a set of multifrequency acoustic data collected by scientific echosounders to study the spatial structure of marine organism aggregations, commonly known as "Sound Scattering Layers." We examined the characteristics of these complex biological entities, such as thickness, relative density, and depth, in relation to their environment, represented at a fine scale using a towed multiparametric system. To do so, we initially applied standard multivariate statistical methods and then incorporated functional data analysis techniques, with or without the spatial dimension.In our initial exploratory analysis, Multivariate Functional Principal Component Analysis provided precise information about parameter variation along depths, unlike traditional Principal Component Analysis. In regression tasks, our analyses, whether incorporating spatial dimension or not, revealed interactions between "Sound Scattering Layers" descriptors and key environmental variables on a spatial scale. We noted significant differences between the "Sound Scattering Layers" in the northern and southern regions, as well as between those in coastal and offshore zones. It is worth noting that considering the spatial dimension improved modeling quality. These results highlight spatial-functional statistical analysis as a key method in ecological studies involving spatially complex objects.Beyond our specific case study, the application of functional data analysis offers promising prospects for a wide range of ecological studies involving massive spatial data
Doukkali, Hayat. „Réseaux de données en acoustique sous-marine“. Télécom Bretagne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TELB0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with acoustic data networks in the context of oil offshore platforms. The problem involves setting up a set of offshore platform control stations that are capable of communicating between them in a wireless way. Since cable installations is a costly process both in terms of time and money, the solution using acoustic wave is the only possible and efficient alternative. The underwater channel and the acoustic wave propagation properties limit acoustic communication system performance. The propagation speed of the acoustic wave under water is very low compared to the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave. The second underwater channel particularity is that the frequency band resources are severely limited. The aim of this work is to optimize use of resources by increasing network throughput and reducing transmission delay. To achieve this purpose, we have divided this work into three points: The first point is concerned with the proposition of MAC mechanisms adapted to underwater context, the second point disucusses the proposition of transmission techniques adapted for underwater acoustic communications, and the third point deals with the optimization of the two layers and the proposition of a Cross Layer approach. Our proposition of a MAC protocol is based on CSMA/CA mechanism. The transmission system we have proposed is based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) techniques with several antennas. The third step of this work is to combine these two parts in order to propose a Cross Layer approach which optimizes the two layers
Ben, Kheder Waad. „Reconnaissance du locuteur en milieux difficiles“. Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0221/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpeaker recognition witnessed considerable progress in the last decade, achieving very low error rates in controlled conditions. However, the implementation of this technology in real applications is hampered by the great degradation of performances in presence of acoustic nuisances. A lot of effort has been invested by the research community in the design of nuisance compensation techniques in the past years. These algorithms operate at different levels : signal, acoustic parameters, models or scores. With the development of the "total variability" paradigm, new possibilities can be explored due to the simple statistical properties of the i-vector space. Our work falls within this framework and presents new compensation techniques which operate directly in the i-vector space. These algorithms use simple relationships between corrupted i-vectors and the corresponding clean versions and ignore the real effect of nuisances in this domain. In order to implement this methodology, pairs of clean and corrupted data are artificially generated then used to develop nuisance compensation algorithms. This method avoids making complex derivations and approximations. The techniques developed in this thesis are divided into two classes : The first class of techniques is based on a distortion model in the i-vector space. A relationships between the clean version of an i-vector and its corrupted version is set and an estimator is built to transform a corrupted test i-vector to its clean counterpart. The second class of techniques does not use any distortion model in the i-vectors domain. It takes into account both the distribution of the clean, corrupt i-vectors as well as the joint distribution. Experiments are carried-out on noisy data and short utterances ; artificially corrupted NIST SRE 2008 data and natural SITW (short / noisy segments)
Prieux, Vincent. „Imagerie sismique des milieux visco-acoustiques et visco-élastiques à deux dimensions par stéréotomographie et inversion des formes d'ondes : applications au champ pétrolier de Valhall“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00722408.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Xun. „Sound source localization with data and model uncertainties using the EM and Evidential EM algorithms“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2164/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work addresses the problem of multiple sound source localization for both deterministic and random signals measured by an array of microphones. The problem is solved in a statistical framework via maximum likelihood. The pressure measured by a microphone is interpreted as a mixture of latent signals emitted by the sources; then, both the sound source locations and strengths can be estimated using an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. In this thesis, two kinds of uncertainties are also considered: on the microphone locations and on the wave number. These uncertainties are transposed to the data in the belief functions framework. Then, the source locations and strengths can be estimated using a variant of the EM algorithm, known as Evidential EM (E2M) algorithm. The first part of this work begins with the deterministic signal model without consideration of uncertainty. The EM algorithm is then used to estimate the source locations and strengths : the update equations for the model parameters are provided. Furthermore, experimental results are presented and compared with the beamforming and the statistically optimized near-field holography (SONAH), which demonstrates the advantage of the EM algorithm. The second part raises the issue of model uncertainty and shows how the uncertainties on microphone locations and wave number can be taken into account at the data level. In this case, the notion of the likelihood is extended to the uncertain data. Then, the E2M algorithm is used to solve the sound source estimation problem. In both the simulation and real experiment, the E2M algorithm proves to be more robust in the presence of model and data uncertainty. The third part of this work considers the case of random signals, in which the amplitude is modeled by a Gaussian random variable. Both the certain and uncertain cases are investigated. In the former case, the EM algorithm is employed to estimate the sound sources. In the latter case, microphone location and wave number uncertainties are quantified similarly to the second part of the thesis. Finally, the source locations and the variance of the random amplitudes are estimated using the E2M algorithm
Djezzar, Linda. „Contribution à l'étude acoustico-perceptive des occlusives du français“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonceyron, Jean-Luc. „Intégration des données et conception des bâtiments : cas de l'acoustique“. Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA system analysis of the building design process leads to the identification of some islands of information: software currently in use during the design process are unable to exchange product data describing a building project, primarily because of the partitioning of knowledge characterizing the meaning to the involved information. In order to come out of this isolation, multi-sector research works dedicated to product model data representation, exchange or sharing, have contributed to the implementation of the ISO 10303 STEP standard. Our research works lie in implementing these developments for the building design field, with an emphasis on the data exchange between an architect (in runtime via its CAD system) and an acoustician (via a knowledge-based system dedicated to the compliance checking of the last French acoustics regulation). To meet this goal, the acoustician's viewpoint on the project was interpreted into a data model, and we re-used an integration framework defined into the ESPRIT project 7280 ATLAS, based on the STEP standard. Furthermore, the exchange with the architect's view model required the specification of data mapping. It was achieved thanks to a rule-based approach. This investigation, combined with the study of several modelling experiments in the building industry field, have been brought into general for the integration of a design field in a wider framework for computer aided building design. The proposed method describes the activities required for the development of a view model and is based on a three-layer architecture: resources, domain and field, the latter reflecting the concept of an actor view
Huguet, Stéphane. „Application de classificateurs aux données d'émission acoustique : identification de la signature acoustique des mécanismes d'endommagement dans les composites à matrice polymère“. Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0087/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComposites. Unidirectional samples tested in off-axis tensile tests, associated with tensile tests on resin and microcomposite, allow the identification of AE signatures of the three damage modes in composite materials: matrix cracking, fiber/matrix decohesion and fiber fracture. Statistical analysis techniques, with Keywords nearest neighbors and neural networks (Kohonen map) were used to build an automatic recognition tool able to distinguish between the signals from those damage modes. This methodology was successfully also applied on +-55 degrees glass-fiber/epoxy-resin laminates
Coatélan, Stéphane. „Conception et évaluation d'un système de transmission sur canal acoustique sous-marin horizontal petits fonds“. Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamdan, Hani. „Développement de méthodes de classification pour le contrôle par émission acoustique d'appareils à pression“. Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1583.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis deals with real-time computer-aided decision for acoustic emission-based control of pressure equipments. The addressed problem is the taking into account of the location uncertainty of acoustic emission signals, in the mixture model-based clustering. Two new algorithms (EM and CEM for uncertain data) are developed. These algorithms are only based on uncertainty zone data and their development is carried out by optimizing new likelihood criteria adapted to this kind of data. In order to speed up the data processing when the data size becomes very big, we have also developed a new method for the discretization of uncertainty zone data. This method is compared with the traditional one applied to imprecise data. An experimental study using simulated and real data shows the efficiency of the various developed approaches
Maussang, Frédéric. „Traitement d'images et fusion de données pour la détection d'objets enfouis en acoustique sous-marine“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011447.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBragard, Philippe. „Egalisation adaptative de données transmises dans le canal acoustique sous-marin en contexte non-stationnaire“. Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlessix, René-Edouard. „Détermination de la vitesse pour l'interprétation de données sismiques très haute résolution à l'échelle géotechnique“. Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouchet, Laurent. „Calcul du rayonnement acoustique de structures à partir de données vibratoires par une méthode de sphère équivalente“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778519.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuguet, Stéphane Gaertner Roger Godin Nathalie. „Application de classificateurs aux données d'émission acoustique : identification de la signature acoustique des mécanismes d'endommagement dans les composites à matrice polymère“. Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2003. http://csidoc.insa-lyon1.fr/these/2002/huguet/index.html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHénaff, Françoise. „Réception optimale en présence de trajets multiples et d'effet doppler : Application aux transmissions sur canal acoustique sous-marin“. Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNemitz, N. „Méthode multipôle rapide et sensibilité topologique pour l'identification approchée de défauts à partir de données de type acoustique“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe but de ce travail est de proposer une contribution au traitement numérique de la detection d'obstacles rigides dans des domaines acoustiques tridimensionnels bornés dont la taille est grande relativement à la longueur d'onde. Ce contexte peut être considéré comme un problème modèle, représentatif de situations physiquement plus complexes associées au contrôle non destructif, et relevant pour ses aspects théoriques de la diffraction inverse. Le contexte de la diffraction inverse présente de nombreuses difficultés sur le plan des méthodes numériques, et une grande partie des références traitant de ce type d'inversion se placent dans l'hypothèse d'un milieu infini. Celle-ci est plus pertinente pour des applications en électromagnétisme, telles que la furtivité radar, que pour l'identification de défauts dans des structures.
Nous nous plaçons donc dans le cadre classique de l'acoustique linéaire avec un domaine éclairé par des sources monochromatiques. Par ailleurs, on part du principe, également classique, de poser le problème d'inversion (identification de la position et la taille des obstacles) en termes de l'optimisation d'une fonction coût. La procédure alors employée est itérative, elle consiste à résoudre le problème direct pour des obstacles hypothétiques d'essais. Vu le coût de résolution d'un problème direct, cette approche préfère en général les algorithmes utilisant le gradient que les approches type évolutionnaire.
1 -- Résolution du problème acoustique direct par la méthode multipôle rapide. Le premier aspect sur lequel ce travail s'est penché porte sur l'accélération du problème direct (calcul du champ acoustique pour une configuration donnée d'obstacle), indispensable pour évaluer la fonction-coût du problème inverse. Plusieurs méthodes numériques existent pour cela, chacune ayant des avantages et des inconvénients ; on citera les éléments finis, les différences finies et les éléments de frontière. La méthode des éléments de frontière, qui nécessite uniquement le maillage de la frontière du domaine, est bien adaptée à la résoution du problème inverse, le remaillage nécessité par un changement de configuration d'obstacle étant très simple. L'équation intégrale conduit à un système linéaire dont la matrice est pleine et complexe, ce qui limite sévèrement (besoin mémoire O(N2) et temps de calcul O(N3)) la taille numérique (nombre N d'inconnues nodales sur les éléments de frontière) des problèmes si un solveur direct est employé. Pour traiter les calculs de grande taille occasionnés par le contexte 3D, on est ainsi amené à faire appel à un solveur itératif, qui ne demande pas le stockage de la matrice. La rapidité de résolution dépend alors essentiellement de celle du calcul d'un produit matrice-vecteur. Cette opération est a priori de complexité O(N2), rédhibitoire pour les cas de grande taille (domaine grand devant la longueur d'onde). La Fast Multipole Method (FMM), initialement proposée par Greengard et Rohklin vers 1985 et depuis étendue aux formulations intégrales de nombreux problèmes de la physique, permet d'accélérer cette phase cruciale du calcul et réduire la complexité d'un produit matrice-vecteur à O(NlogN) en dynamique.
La mise en oeuvre de la FMM pour l'acoustique linéaire en 3D est ainsi l'une des composantes importantes de ce travail. Elle s'appuie sur des études récentes (en particulier thèse Sylvand, ENPC, 2002; articles E. Darve, 2000s) effectuées dans le cadre de la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell. Le code issu de ce travail de thèse vérifie en particulier la complexité O(NlogN) théorique, et a été validé sur des solutions exactes de l'acoustique 3D.
2 -- Méthode d'identification approchée d'obstacles par sensibilité topologique. Le second point étudié porte sur l'initialisation des algorithmes d'inversion utilisant la minimisation de la fonction coût. Les algorithmes globaux (par exemple de type évolutionnaire) ne sont pas réalistes en raison du très grand nombre de simulations directes nécessaires. Les algorithmes plus classiques utilisant le gradient dépendent des choix initiaux (position, taille, forme, nombre) sur les obstacles à identifier et peuvent ne pas converger pour des choix inadéquats. Des travaux récents (Bonnet et Guzina, 2005, entre autres) ont montré que le calcul du champ de sensibilité topologique associé à la fonction coût du problème inverse (une notion initialement proposée vers 1995 pour l'optimisation topologique des structures) permet d'obtenir de bonnes informations qualitatives sur la localisation d'obstacles à identifier. Le champ de sensibilité topologique, donnant le comportement asymptotique de la fonction-coût sous l'effet de l'apparition d'un obstacle de taille infinitésimale en un point spécifié du milieu, s'exprime comme une combinaison du champ direct et du champ adjoint associé à la fonction-coût, tous deux définis en l'absence d'obstacle. Le calcul de ce champ de sensibilité repose ainsi sur l'évaluation des formules de représentation intégrale donnant les champs direct et adjoint aux points d'une grille d'échantillonnage de la région 3D dans laquelle on cherche à identifier un défaut. Ce calcul, également coûteux a priori (O(NM) pour O(N) DDLs sur la frontière et
O(M) points d'échantillonnage), est lui aussi considérablement accéléré par l'emploi de la FMM. La FMM constitue donc au total une approche numérique bien adaptée à cette méthode d'exploration globale approchée reposant sur la sensibilité topologique. Le calcul FMM du champ de sensibilité topologique a été mis en oeuvre, et son intérêt testé sur des exemples synthétiques d'inversion. En particulier, pour une fonction-coût de type moindres carrés, la sensibilité topologique dépend linéairement des erreurs de mesure, et son calcul est donc moins sensible à ces erreurs que d'autres méthodes d'inversion.
Ce travail débouche donc sur une méthode approchée et rapide, utilisant les deux aspects présentés, qui donne des indications sur le nombre d'obstacles et leurs positions dans le domaine.
ALID, MOSTAFA. „Transmission de donnees sur canaux selectifs en frequence : application aux transmissions sur canal acoustique sous-marin“. Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVi-Tong, Eric. „Analyse et classification séquentielle de signaux d'émission acoustique“. Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPS138.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Conte Sandie. „Comparaison des données de réflectivité issues des sondeurs multifaisceaux, sondeurs de sédiments, et sismique HR3D“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113506.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAprès une validation du modèle de Eckart en laboratoire, qui prédit l'effet de la rugosité de l'interface sur le champ acoustique réfléchi via le paramètre de Rayleigh (mesure du rapport de la rugosité à la fréquence incidente), une nouvelle méthode de compression d'impulsion des données du sondeur de sédiments est proposée pour accéder à la dépendance fréquentielle du champ cohérent réfléchi, et ainsi à une estimation de l'écart-type de la rugosité de l'interface. Ce traitement conduit de plus à la détection de couche mince. Cette approche est par la suite appliquée sur un jeu de données de géophysique marine et les différentes réflectivités mesurées dans trois bandes de fréquence distinctes (102 H, 103 Hz, 104 Hz), peuvent être confrontées. La prise en compte du facteur de rugosité à l'échelle du sondeur de sédiment, associée à une méthode de déconvolution permet d'expliquer en partie, les différences entre les cartes de réflectivité obtenues à l'aide d'outils géotechniques différents.
Bouchet, Laurent Boisson Claude. „Calcul du rayonnement acoustique de structures à partir de données vibratoires par une méthode de sphère équivalente“. Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2000. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=bouchet.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNautet, Vincent. „Etude des méthodes de calcul du rayonnement acoustique des structures à partir des données vibratoires : Application aux antennes des sous-marins“. Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHassan, Omaima. „Quelques aspects de l'utilisation des données radiographiques extraction automatique des fonctions d'aire, macrosensibilités acoustiques et transitions voyelle-voyelle /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614331n.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFontecave, Jallon Julie. „Extraction semi-automatique des mouvements du tractus vocal à partir de données sinaradiographiques“. Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe propose a technique for facilitating the extraction of vocal tract contours from complete sequences of large existing cineradiographic databases. The method combines the human expertise required for marking a small number of key images and the automatic processing of the video data (low frequency DCT components of the image). We estimate the marking error. For each sequence, the articulators (tongue, velum, lips, etc. ) are processed independently. The acquired contours are then combined to reconstruct the movements of the entire vocal tract. Using these data, we carry out an analysis of articulatory-acoustic relationships, based on two competing approaches: an associatice model and an acoustic one. The latter uses the area functions calculated using a grid and leads to speech synthesis. We phonetically evaluated the validity of the extracted contours and the estimated formants
BOUDEN, AMOR. „Oxydation du zircaloy 4 dans l'air a haute temperature. Etude par traitement du signal et analyse de donnees d'emission acoustique“. Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP584S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonceyron, Jean-Luc Guarracino Gérard. „Intégration de données et conception des bâtiments cas de l'acoustique /“. Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 1999. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=monceyron.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRakotonarivo, Sandrine. „Caractérisation quantitative des fonds marins à l'aide des sondeurs de sédiment (1 khz-10 khz) : modélisation directe pour l'inversion sur données réelles“. Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with sub-bottom profiling signals backscattered by the seafloor and aims at remotely characterize marine sediments at middle frequencies (1 kHz - 10 kHz) and at normal incidence. For that, the study is divided into two parts: the direct modelling analysis and the inverse problem. The work firstly focuses on determining a direct backscattering model which may take into account: measurement geometry (monostatic, normal incidence, and low directive antennas), signal’s properties (linear chirp defined between 1 kHz and 10 kHz), seafloor’s features (layering, attenuation, rough interfaces, inhomogeneous and random layers) and the inverse problem. After justifying predominance of specular energy returns on scattering, the analysis leads to a direct modified layered model which may offer the best compromise between inversion possibility and seafloor parameters accounted for (reflection loss for layering, attenuation coefficient, standard deviation of roughness heights and thickness of an inhomogeneous layer). Accuracy of modified layered model is also calculated and it is experimentally validated with laboratory measurements on absorbent layered plates, and then, with in situ data recorded with sub-bottom profiler Echoes 3 500 from the firm IXSEA on a layered seabed with continuous impedance variations. Then, model inversion is applied with an iterative process on each echo. Frequency dependent parameters (attenuation, roughness, and continuous impedance variations) are firstly evaluated with a wavelet modelling approach while minimising absolute error in order to get a direct linear problem. Next, reflection coefficient is estimated thanks to the method of maximum likelihood equivalent to least square minimisation criteria. Finally, inversion algorithm is implemented on two synthetic examples in order to evaluate efficiency of the inverse operation
Berron, Cécile. „Potentialités de l'inversion géoacoustique de données multicapteurs de sonars cartographiques pour la caractérisation des fonds marins“. Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with potentialities analysis of geoacoustical parameters inversion from cartographic sonar measurements, for seafloor characterization. In contrast with usual qualitative image analysis techniques, a study of complementarities and redundancies 6f calibrated acoustic measurements is here proposed. The approach focuses on data issued from a set of diverse graring angles and frequencies measurements. In a first step, the choice of a backscattering model, based on the physics of interaction between an acoustic wave and the sediment is justified. A theoretical study then quantifies and proves the benefit of choosing an optimal design of experiment for the inversion procedure, that favours a wide diversity of insonification angles and frequencies This process is applied on the CALIMERO experimental data set, providing single bearn echo sounder measurements at 33 and 210 kHz, and multibearn echo sounder measurements at 12, 30 and 95 kHz. Implementation of the enticing theoretical approach cannot be carried through a successful conclusion because of a lack of understanding of measurement forming, and a sediment structure that is not taken into account by the chosen inversion model. Simulations are hence run to quantify the consequences of hypotheses potentially explaining these model / data discrepancies on inverted geoacoustical parameters. Diversity of the volume backscattered component, as well as the seafloor roughness influence are specifically studied. By the way, a methodology for roughness parameters estimation is developed, based on a dedicated processing of high resolution side scan sonar data. Shape from Shading algorithms are adjusted to provide a high resolution bathymetric model of the seafloor, given the relative variations of reflectivity. Efficiency of this process is nevertheless mitigated when applied on real data, because of artefacts brought by thermocline affects on sonar images
Ducic, Vesna. „Tomographie de l'ionosphère et de la troposphère à partir des données GPS denses : applications aux risques naturels et amélioration de l'interférométrie SAR“. Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraore, Oumar Issiaka. „Méthodologie de traitement et d'analyse de signaux expérimentaux d'émission acoustique : application au comportement d'un élément combustible en situation accidentelle“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of the thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the monitoring process of nuclear safety experiments dedicated to study the behavior of the nuclear fuel in a reactivity initiated accident (RIA) context, by using the acoustic emission technique. In particular, we want to identify the physical mechanisms occurring during the experiments through their acoustic signatures. Firstly, analytical derivations and numerical simulations using the spectral finite element method have been performed in order to evaluate the impact of the wave travelpath in the test device on the recorded signals. A resonant frequency has been identified and it has been shown that the geometry and the configuration of the test device may not influence the wave propagation in the low frequency range. Secondly, signal processing methods (spectral subtraction, singular spectrum analysis, wavelets,…) have been explored in order to propose different denoising strategies according to the type of noise observed during the experiments. If we consider only the global SNR improvement ratio, the spectral subtraction method is the most robust to changes in the stochastic behavior of noise. Finally, classical multivariate and functional data analysis tools are used in order to create a machine learning algorithm dedicated to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenology of RIA accidents. According to the method (multivariate or functional), the obtained algorithms allow to identify the mechanisms in more than 80 % of cases
Kerkeni, Leila. „Analyse acoustique de la voix pour la détection des émotions du locuteur“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to propose a speech emotion recognition (SER) system for application in classroom. This system has been built up using novel features based on the amplitude and frequency (AM-FM) modulation model of speech signal. This model is based on the joint use of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO). In this system, the discrete (or categorical) emotion theory was chosen to represent the six basic emotions (sadness, anger, joy, disgust, fear and surprise) and neutral emotion.Automatic recognition has been optimized by finding the best combination of features, selecting the most relevant ones and comparing different classification approaches. Two reference speech emotional databases, in German and Spanish, were used to train and evaluate this system. A new database in French, more appropriate for the educational context was built, tested andvalidated
Lefevre, Francis. „Classification automatique de signaux d'émission acoustique en relation avec les phénomènes qui leur ont donné naissance“. Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleØstby, Kathrine Asla. „Les voyelles orales à double timbre dans le parler de la haute bourgeoisie parisienne : analyse acoustique et diachronique“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is concerned with the vowels /A, E, Ø, O/ in contemporary Parisian French. Traditionally, the vowels each represent two phonemes, /a, ɑ/, /e, ɛ/, /ø, œ/ and /o, ɔ/, but literature on French phonology reports that the French vowel system is undergoing a simplification by neutralisation of these phonological contrasts (Armstrong 2001). By an apparent-time analysis of new phonological data produced by 12 informants from la haute bourgeoisie parisienne, the study seeks to determine whether this tendency also manifests itself in the behaviour of a socially privileged and close-knit, and as such presumably linguistically conservative, group (Labov 1972, Milroy & Milroy 1992). The data was produced in different contexts, ranging from very formal to informal, and acoustically analyzed.The analysis confirms that neutralisation of vowel contrasts is less common amongst the 12 informants than in other groups of speaker, although the degree of linguistic conservatism depends on the specific vowel. For instance, in the case of the pair /o, ɔ/, the 12 informants display a very conservative behaviour, whereas for the pair /a, ɑ/, the results differ very little from the results of other studies, the /a/-/ɑ/ contrast having practically disappeared.A survey of the informants’ linguistic attitudes reflects a very high level of linguistic security. For each vowel, ongoing change correlates with a relatively high Index of Linguistic Insecurity (ILI, Labov 1966). The ILI cannot, however, account for the individual behaviours; this raises questions about the traditional interpretation of the correlation between a speaker’s ILI and his/her linguistic behaviour
Ramond, Bruno. „Analyse des signaux d'émission acoustique sur des structures boulonnées et rivetées soumises à des contraintes de fatigue“. Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMP0273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe analysis of elastic waves emitted during the damaging of a material under strain can give information as to the nature of the damage and its evolution. The complexity of physical phenomena involved and the limited performances of the instruments available impose the implementation of specific methods for the processing of the information given by the transducers. We suggest to apply factor analysis to the study of acoustic emission signals, which enables the bringing to the fore of the various mechanics involved. A method based on a moving average offers a new possibility of following the evolution of the damaging in real time. Examples of applications on assemblages of structure components in aluminium alloy show how efficient this method is
Aburto, Mardones Danitza. „Filtrage géostatistique de données géophysiques en vue de la cartographie de l'impédance d'une formation argileuse : exemple du Callovo-Oxfordien de Meuse“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00716232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTran, Quang Huy. „Résolution et étude numériques de quelques problèmes de propagation d'ondes acoustiques en géophysique“. Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0494.
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