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Sarkar, Siddhartha. „Women at work in the informal sector (a case study of female domestic and bidi worker in Cooch Behar District in West Bengal)“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2718.
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Mola, Luis. „Improving farm worker housing“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22329.
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Meintjes-van, der Walt Lirieka. „The domestic worker some considerations for law reform“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003198.
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This thesis examines ways in which domestic workers in South Africa could be included within the scope of existing industrial legislation. At present the legal position of a work force of 862 000 is regulated by the common law contract of service. Socio-economic factors form the background of this investigation,which first sets out to determine whether the common-law contract of employment is capable of equitably regulating the employment relationship. The fallacy of the assumption that individuals agree on the terms of exchange in the employment contract on the basis of juridical equality, and the tenuous nature of the common-law employment relationship in the case of domestic workers are revealed. In the absence of any current statutory minima the employment contract is used to deprive domestic workers of what little protection they enjoy at common law. The two ways in which the individual employee's conditions of service can be protected from terms favouring the stronger of the two contracting parties are discussed. These are collective bargaining and statutory regulation. Difficulties experienced by domestic workers in respect of collective bargaining, whether they be included under the Labour Relations Act or not, are indicated. Proposals for including domestic workers under the Basic Conditions of Employment Act are evaluated in the light of legislation in the United States of America, Zimbabwe, Swaziland and Namibia. Ways of minimum-wage fixing are investigated, and it is concluded that the provisions of the Wage Act could be adapted for domestic workers. The 'unfair labour practice'concept is examined and the implications of its application for the domestic labour sector evaluated. It is recommended that the concept 'fairness' in the Labour Relations Act should apply to domestic workers, but that a code of practice be drafted to provide conceptions of 'fairness' as guidelines for employment behaviour. It is suggested that the parties refer disputes to mediation before being granted access to a Small Labour Court established for this purpose. In conclusion a draft code of practice is presented, as a basis for negotiation at a forum representative of the major actors in the domestic labour arena.
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Bernard, Shelly. „Experiences of hope in a domestic abuse shelter worker, a case study“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0007/MQ59749.pdf.
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Mcwatts, Susheela. „"Yes madam, I can speak!'': A study of the recovered voice of the domestic worker“. University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6164.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Women and Gender Studies)Events in the last few years on the global stage have heralded a new era for domestic workers, which may afford them the voice as subaltern that has been silent until now. Despite being constructed as silent and as subjects without agency, unionised domestic workers organised themselves globally, becoming more visible and making their voices heard. This culminated in the promulgation of the International Labour Organisation's (ILO) Convention No.189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers (or C189) in September 2013, and the establishment of the International Domestic Workers' Federation (IDWF) in October 2013. This broadening of the scope of domestic workers' activism has not yet received sufficient attention in academic research. These two historic events on their own have the potential to change the dominant discourse around domestic workers, by mobilising workers with agency to challenge the meaning of the political ideologies informing their identity positions of exploitation and subjugation.
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REDINZ, MARCO ANTONIO. „DOMESTIC WORKER: PATRIARCHALISM INTERSECTIONALITIES GENDER AND RACE AND STATUS IN THE LABOR MARKET IN BRAZIL“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29262@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA presente dissertação tem como proposta discorrer sobre o trabalho doméstico no Brasil, com enfoque na trabalhadora doméstica. Inicialmente abordou-se sobre o patriarcado no Brasil e sua influência na sedimentação das atuais relações sociais, com enfoque nas relações de trabalho. Em seguida, discorreu-se sobre a problemática da interseccionalidade entre raça e gênero, e os desdobramentos decorrentes. Por fim, foi feito um estudo crítico sobre o trabalho doméstico no Brasil, abordando sobre suas bases históricas, o desenvolvimento normativo, os direitos previstos na legislação brasileira, as condições de preconceito e discriminação ainda existentes em relação à trabalhadora doméstica. A presente pesquisa revelou que apesar de todos os avanços no campo do trabalho doméstico no país, a doméstica ainda é vítima de muito preconceito e discriminação, restando ainda a necessidade de implementação de ações que venham a mudar tal panorama, que na prática revela-se prejudicial a todos.
This dissertation is to discuss proposed domestic work in Brazil, focusing on domestic worker. Initially approached about patriarchy in Brazil and its influence on sedimentation of current social relationships, focusing on labor relations. And then considered the issue of intersectionality between race and gender, and the consequences resulting therefrom. Finally, studied deeply upon the domestic work in Brazil, showing its historical basis, the regulatory development, rights under Brazilian law, the prejudice and discrimination that still affects the domestic workers. This research revealed that despite all the advances in the field of domestic work in the country, domestic workers are still victims of prejudice and discrimination, resulting in the need to implement actions to change that situation, which in fact proves to be harmful to all.
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Abdulhadi, Sarmid. „Gender and Space Evolution of Domestic Workers' Spaces within Kuwaiti Houses, 1964-2014“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511881993892728.
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Lundin, Charlotte, und Sara Parkman. „Våld går inte i pension : En studie om hur biståndshandläggare inom gerontologiskt socialt arbete identifierar våld i nära relationer“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295951.
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Aim: Violence does not stop with age. There are many studies on the topic of domestic violence but few focus on the elderly and the role of the social worker in dealing with this issue. The purpose of this study is to analyse and describe how social workers in the field of gerontological social work are actively identifying cases of domestic abuse involving the elderly. Method: This study has a qualitative approach and the data has been gathered through ten semi structured interviews with social workers. The gathered material has been analysed through content analysis. Results: The result of the study highlights various means of identifying abuse such as asking direct questions about violence, asking for assistance by managers and other professionals, adapting the conversation with the client to the given situation, being watchful of physical or abstract signs of violence. In spite of these strategies, the analysis shows that organisational deficiencies puts a large responsibility burden on the individual social worker. Lack of adequate training and standardised questions leads to the social worker having to gather information themselves in order to perform their duties. Keywords: Social worker, elderlies, domestic violence, need assessment
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Stiglich, Janice. „No Amotines el Gallinero: Domestic Worker Agency and Identity in Lima, Peru and the Daily Struggle“. Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5708.
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For centuries, indigenous women have been forced to labor in slave-like conditions as domestic workers in Lima, Peru. With neoliberal practices on the rise, Peru's domestic labor informal economic sector struggles with sociopolitical representation. The downtrodden women of the household work economy exemplify the national perception of desconfianza, or distrust, as it trickles down from the wealthier individuals to those living in poverty. Although the nature of domestic work is a product of hegemonic colonial relations and, recently, violent social movements in the late 20th century, increasing attempts for government transparency and nongovernmental involvement, have created a slowly recovering broken social system. In this thesis, I ascertain that the identity of trabajadoras, or female workers, is primarily driven by their agency as they struggle to become upwardly mobile.M.A.
Masters
Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology
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Wang, Yuxin, und Mengbing Zhang. „Domstic Violence against Children : views from social work“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-10718.
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Domestic violence against children is well known on the social problem aspect, and Sweden has become the first country clarifying its stance on physical punishment and child abuse since established “anti-spanking” law in 1979. The purpose of this research was to investigate how Swedish social workers deal with the issue about domestic violence against children. The research was developed with hermeneutics approach and ecological systems theory, and carried out by four respondents from Social Services Gävle. With the answers claimed by the respondents, constitute the results and conclusions, that is all kinds of tackling methods about child abuse should be regulated by laws, and cooperate with police or citizens comprehensively, especially in the period of investigation. This paper might be a general pattern, but we do hope it could make people rethinking about child abuse issues, that probably may reduce a little bit pressure to children in the future.
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Gripenberg, Sophie, und Jonatan Björkman. „The role of poor rural families economic situation in the decision-making process concerning migration : A field study conducted in Kebumen Regency, Java, Indonesia“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37154.
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The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the dynamic and complex decision-making process that households with temporary overseas migrating family members do before migrating. The aim of this thesis is to understand why this phenomenon occurs in less developed areas, though the background of the thesis is trying to address the need of positive relationship between migration and development. Based on the theorectical benchmark of neoclassical microeconomic theory and new economics of labour migration theory certain factors were identified that could influence the decision to migrate. By using a mixed method with qualitative semi-structed face-to-face interviews combined with a survey of nine question relating to specific factors this study was able to create an understanding of the reality of migrant households, though a micro field study was conducted in Kebumen regency in Indonesia. The findings clearly shows that temporary overseas migration from less developed areas is a household decision that is influenced by local gender aspects and addressed by new well-functioning established markets for overseas work. Our findings also suggests that temporary migration is a way for the family to spread their risks, related to income and farming activites, and to achive further development, where other markets and institutions do not meet their needs. Policies regarding these gender aspects and the need of institutions that could improve the situation are recommended though remittances in that case might have a more long-term sustainable impact on the households.
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Pecotte, de Gonzalez Brenda C. „The farm worker story| The cylical life of seasonal, domestic farm workers in San Luis, Arizona from history to habitus“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537194.
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The farm workers who diligently tend and harvest the US fields and produce is a major component of the agriculture industry. This research explores the current issues and challenges that domestic, seasonal farm workers face through the lenses of embodiment and habitus theory. Narratives and insights from interviews were integrated with current literature to present a complete picture of the cyclical life of the domestic farm worker in San Luis, Arizona. This thesis argues that farm work is a unique profession which has left its mark on the body and the behavior. Those in the border region have added agency due to the opportunities the border presents. As this research highlights, additional attention and research is needed to redesign policies and initiatives to adequately assist and provide for a population that provides so much.
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Ngqakayi, Nomsa C. „Subjectivity in the 'maid'/'madam' relationship and its effects on the occupational child care-giving functions of the domestic worker“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14058.
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Bibliography: leaves 62-63a.This study investigated the manner in which discursive practises in the social relations within domestic service position, the domestic worker, and the work she does, as of low status and impinges on the child caregiving functions of the domestic worker. The extent to which racial factors are operant was assessed. Accounts were obtained from both 'maids' and 'madams' through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The approach to the transcribed data was informed by Hallway's (1989) interpretative discourse analysis whilst analytical concepts from Davies and Harre (1990) were used for the actual analysis of discursive positioning. Discourses that emerged from the "madams" accounts polarized into a progressive liberal discourse and an oppressive, colonial discourse. The domestic workers' accounts revealed a discourse of servility as well . as a contradictory discourse of resistance. Racial considerations did not surface as decisive in the 'choice' of positioning, although their influence was not completely irrelevant. What did surface as decisive in enforcing democratic social practises, or approximations thereof, was the need for good quality substitute care as well as the need to retain already existent relationships of attachment between the domestic workers and the children under their care.
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Arifin, Bustomi. „Critical Analysis of Domestic Worker Condition in Malaysia and Singapore: Ameliorated Economic Condition vs. Gateway to Modern Slavery or Servitude“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23824.
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Some Asian countries such as Malaysia and Singapore have been experiencing economic growth which, in its turn have been stimulating migrant workers, mainly un-skilled, to migrate into those countries. The present paper tries to examine the human rights violations of domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore which are occurring in the form of modern servitude or servitude. Moreover, the paper also tries to elaborate the working conditions of foreign domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore. The present paper is using human rights coupled with intersectionality theories in order to examine whether enacted migration policies in Malaysia and Singapore in relation to migrant workers, though migration policies imposed to domestic workers are aimed to fulfill the national interests, can be regarded as a form of modern slavery or servitude . The present thesis is a case study which is examined by elaborating numerous literatures regarding the working conditions of foreign domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore. The factual conditions of domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore, namely the conditions and policies concerning the limitation of several rights of domestic workers will be described and analyzed under the human rights coupled with intersectionality perspectives.
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Benjamin, Michael L. „Cleaning Product Chemical Exposures Measured in a Simulated Home Healthcare Work Environment“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1573224213774289.
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Englund, Emelie. „Att arbeta med våldsutsatta kvinnor : En kvalitativ studie om hur professionella hjälper våldsutsatta kvinnor“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22752.
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Women's vulnerability to domestic violence is a widespread social problem that causes problematic consequences for society and to the individual. I wondered what significance the professionals' knowledge has to help abused women, how professionals and abused women describe abused womens needs, and how the professionals work with and consider important in meeting with and helping abused women. Six qualitative interviews with a social worker who were working as a therapist in the social services, as councilors and in women's shelter were performed. The results showed that the professionals regarded specific knowledge of domestic violence as a prerequisite for being able to help the woman adequately. Furthermore, it appeared that the woman's needs could be psychological need of support and processing, but also help with practical issues to sort out their situation. The social workers were mapping the violence and the situation of the abused women. The mapping could determine the woman's needs and potential contributions.Kvinnors utsatthet för våld i nära relationer är ett omfattande samhällsproblem som får problematiska följder både för samhället och individen. Jag ställde mig frågan vilken betydelse de professionellas kunskap har för att hjälpa våldsutsatta kvinnor, hur de professionella och kvinnorna ser på kvinnans behov, samt hur de professionella arbetar med och anser är viktigt i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Sex intervjuer med socialarbetare som jobbade som behandlare inom socialtjänst, kuratorer och kvinnojour genomfördes. Resultatet visade att de professionella såg särskild kunskap om våld i nära relationer som en förutsättning för att kunna hjälpa kvinnan på ett adekvat sätt. Vidare framgick att kvinnans behov kunde utgöras av psykiskt behov av stöd och bearbetning, men också praktisk hjälp för att få ordning på sin situation. För att hjälpa kvinnan kartlade man våldet och kvinnans situation. Genom kartläggningen kunde man utröna kvinnans behov och bedöma insatser.
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Marais, Christel. „Lived realities of domestic workers within the South African labour legislative context : a qualitative study / Christel Marais“. Thesis, North West University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13232.
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Globally the domestic worker sector is characterised by a sense of “voicelessness”—an esoteric silence fuelled by a dire need to survive. South Africa is heralded as a global ambassador for the rights of these women. Significant sectoral reforms in recent years regulate the transactional element of this employment relationship through stipulated minimum wages and employment standards. The relational element of this engagement, however, remains underexplored. A decade of global scholarship detailing the hardships that characterise this sector has helped to uncover the plight of domestic workers. The study provided the participants with an opportunity to express their experiences and feelings, and the documented findings will hopefully stimulate more scholarly debate on this issue. It is hoped that the study will engender more sensitivity towards the needs of this vulnerable group of workers and promote positive employment relations within the South African labour market. The study describes the lived realities of domestic workers within the South African labour legislative context through five separate but interrelated journal articles. Article 1 provides a detailed “plan of action” that documents the initial considerations and rationale for the study. Guided by existing scholarly discourse, the research questions are highlighted and the proposed research design is presented. Issues related to trustworthiness are debated. This article constitutes the research proposal that was submitted during the initial phase of this research journey. Article 2 presents a transparent account of the methodological considerations that guided the co-construction of meaning within the South African domestic worker sector. Situated within the interpretivist paradigm, with phenomenology as theoretical underpinning, purposive respondent-driven self-sampling resulted in the recruitment of 20 female participants. All of them can be described as domestic workers in terms of Sectoral Determination 7. The pilot study indicated the value of using metaphors while exploring tentative topics. An interview guide facilitated the exploration of key concepts during our engagement. Rich, dense descriptive verbatim accounts of participants’ lived realities confirmed data saturation. In-depth interviews were transcribed and analysed through an inductive process of data reduction. Emanating themes confirmed that the South African domestic workers sector is far from being voiceless if we are only willing to listen. Making these voices heard constitutes a progressive step in future efforts to empower this neglected sector of the labour market. In article 3 a life-cycle approach is used to explore participants’ lived experiences of their work-life cycle. Each individual progresses through these various phases which are contextualised as a transitional process as a result of their unique circumstances and personal trajectory. Findings confirmed the existence of an institutionalised culture of engagement within the sector perpetuated from one generation to the next. Attempts to exit the sector are unsuccessful due in part to their limited formal education and skills repertoire. The article concludes with the notion that domestic workers are trapped within a never-ending cycle of sectoral engagement, and the possibility of exiting the sector remains “but a dream” for many. Article 4 focusses on the reciprocal interpersonal relatedness that often develops due to the prolonged engagement within the individualised sectoral employment context. Characterised by caring and connectedness, this mutually dignified treatment not only signals but also enhances human flourishing. Participants’ accounts of relational reciprocity are indicative of the enactment of cardinal Ubuntu principles within the employment context. The need for actions that surpass the “letter of the law” in order to enhance flourishing within the South African domestic worker sector is advocated. Article 5 explores the role that legislative awareness fulfils in the everyday lives of domestic workers. Findings indicated that empowerment was an unknown construct for all participants. The participants had little or no confidence in engaging their employers on employment issues; this was due in part to their limited legislative awareness. Domestic workers should thus take ownership of their own empowerment efforts. This will sanction
their right to assert their expectations of employment standards with confidence and make use of the judicial system to bring about compliant action. The article concluded with the notion that legislative awareness can result in empowered actions though informed employee voices.PhD (Labour Relations Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014
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Lind, Emma, und Victoria Nilsson. „Våldets ekonomiska ansikte - En studie om hur socialsekreterare talar om ekonomiskt våld“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25112.
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The National Board of Health and Welfare has been assigned by the Swedish government to map the Social services work with social assistance from a gender perspective. The assignment is based on the fact that in many municipalities the economic support is paid only to one in the household, which can be a contributing factor in strengthening economic violence in a relationship. The ambition with this study has been to examine how social workers that works with social assistance talk about economic violence. The result of this study is based upon qualitative interviews with six social workers that works with social assistance in Malmö. The result has been analyzed based on discourse analysis and social constructivism as theoretical approaches. Based on our discourse theory, four discursive themes have emerged; the discourse of ignorance, the discourse about a conservative approach, the discourse of the lack of time, and the discourse of silence. Based on the four discursive themes that have been featured in this study, it has been found that they constitute difficulties for the social workers to their approach to economic violence in their work. These difficulties restrict the social workers to take on economic violence as a concept in their daily work.
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Ahmetovic, Adela, und Arroyo Ofelia Sahlborg. „Osäkerhet i ärendehantering : En kvantitativ vinjettstudie om socialsekreterares hantering av barnavårdsärenden“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-81283.
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Social workers within child protection are faced with complex cases where they must comply with guidelines and regulations and at the same time also use the knowledge and experience that they as professionals have gained through the work. Research shows that there is also uncertainty among social workers in the management of child cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate, through a survey, whether there is an uncertainty in case management and decision-making regarding children who experience domestic violence. The purpose was also to investigate whether there is a variation regarding social worker’s education, experience and case management where children experience violence. The study is based on the concepts profession and institutionalization. The results of the survey show that the social worker feels confident in decision-making concerning child cases. However, a variation regarding social workers uncertainty in investigation is shown, where some are more confident and others not at all. Results also show that the majority of the social workers have a social science degree. The social workers consider that they have little or no knowledge and experience of children experiencing violence. The social workers had to handle fictitious cases where they all agree to open investigations to both cases. However, there was a variation regarding what intervention they recommend for the cases. Although the social workers have stated that the guidelines in their workplace provide support in case management, they consider that they have relatively large scope for action and self-determination. This may lead to that they choose different interventions when assessing. This can eventually result in the cases being handled differently depending on which social worker handles the case.
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Jacinto, Adriana Miranda Ferreira Leite. „Violência doméstica contra a mulher: representações e práticas do agente comunitário de saúde“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-15082018-154651/.
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Introdução - Esta pesquisa discute o papel do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS) na identificação dos casos de violência doméstica contra a mulher, considerando sua dimensão e alcance nas relações humanas e os aspectos que contribuíram para sua invisibilidade ao longo da história, além dos prejuízos à saúde e qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública. Postula-se que o estudo das representações sociais deste profissional venha a favorecer a efetividade das ações e intervenções da equipe de saúde da família. Objetivo - conhecer e problematizar as representações do ACS sobre a violência doméstica contra a mulher. Método - Convidamos a participar da pesquisa todos os agentes comunitários de saúde das cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de Jundiaí. Foram realizados cinco grupos focais e, para análise das representações sociais, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados - As representações dos agentes comunitários quanto ao aspecto privado e particular das relações, bem como a responsabilização da mulher pela compreensão de sua autonomia para romper com o ciclo de violência, despontaram como aspectos desfavoráveis para a reflexão nas questões de gênero, assim como para a elaboração das ações pelos serviços de saúde. A assimilação dessas representações refletiu, inclusive, no distanciamento dos agentes comunitários do contexto de violência contra a mulher, já que para esses profissionais, o limite entre a esfera pública e privada não deve ser ultrapassada sem permissão, consentimento ou pedido de ajuda da mulher. Outros aspectos, como a confusão entre notificação e denúncia, o descrédito na Lei Maria da Penha, o medo de exposição e retaliação na pós-denúncia, a insegurança quanto ao sigilo e a ética dos profissionais de Segurança Pública produziram nos agentes comunitários o desinteresse pela notificação compulsória e a resistência tanto à realização da denúncia, bem como à orientação da mulher a fazer o boletim de ocorrência. Conclusão - Levando-se em consideração a complexidade do problema, aponta-se para a capacitação dos agentes comunitários e demais profissionais da equipe de saúde em uma perspectiva direcionada à abordagem das violências. Entende-se, no entanto, que a formação desses profissionais não pode ser pensada à parte de um contexto adverso de organização do serviço, que envolve a terceirização, a precarização e a rotina de trabalho estressante voltada para metas. Logo, não é apenas a capacitação do profissional que irá resolver essa questão, mas a consideração de outros elementos como o engajamento da Saúde na transformação da cultura, principalmente o que concerne às representações de gênero. Dessa forma, a saúde poderá contribuir para práticas transformadoras, viabilizando a discussão em articulação com os movimentos sociais e a sociedade sobre essa possibilidade de mudança.Introduction - The present research discusses the relevance of the community health worker (CHW) in identifying cases of domestic violence against women, considering their dimension and scope in human relations and the aspects that contributed to their invisibility throughout history, as well as the health and quality of life of individuals, becoming a public health problem. It is postulated that the study of social representations of this professional may favor effectiveness of actions and interventions of the family health team. Objective - to know and to problematize the representations of the CHW on domestic violence against the woman. Method - all the community health workers from five Family Health Units from Jundiaí were invited to participate in the survey. Five focus groups were carried out and Bardin Content Theme Analysis was used to analyse the social representations. Results - The representations of the community health worker regarding the private and particular aspect of the relations, as well as the women\'s responsibility for the understanding of their autonomy to break with the cycle of violence, emerged as unfavorable aspects for the reflection on the gender issues as well as for the elaboration of the actions by the health services. The assimilation of these representations also reflected in the distancing of community health worker from the context of violence against women, since for these professionals, the limit between the public and private sphere should not be surpassed without women\'s permission, consent or request for help. Other aspects such as the confusion between notification and denunciation, disrepute in the Maria da Penha Law, the fear of exposure and retaliation in the post-denunciation and the insecurity about the secrecy and the ethics of Public Safety professionals produced in the community health worker the lack of interest in the notification and the resistance to both the denunciation and the orientation of the woman to make the report of occurrence. Conclusion - Taking into account the complexity of the problem, it is pointed to the training of community health worker and other professionals of the health team in a perspective aimed at approaching violence. It is understood, however, that the training of these professionals can not be thought apart from an adverse context of organization of the service, which involves outsourcing, precariousness and stressful work routine geared toward goals. Therefore, it is not only the training of the professional that will solve this question, but the consideration of other elements such as the engagement of health in the transformation of culture, especially with regard to gender representations. In this way, health can contribute to transformative practices, enabling discussion in articulation with social movements and society about this possibility of change.
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Broman, Pettersson Rebecka, und Emelie Hammarström. „"Respektera klienten och tro på det den säger" : En studie om socialarbetarens bemötande av klienter som blivit utsatta för våld i nära relation“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-46226.
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Title: ”Respect the client and believe what is said” – A study of social worker’s treatment of clients who have been exposed to domestic violence. Authors: Rebecka Broman Pettersson & Emelie Hammarström. The purpose of this study has been to evaluate how social workers, both with and without expertise regarding clients who have been exposed to domestic violence, work in an aspect of client-treatment towards these clients. We have investigated the social workers knowledge about domestic violence and their investigation methods regarding these clients. The study has been implemented through four semi-structured interviews with social workers operating in different municipalities. The collected data has been processed through a hermeneutical approach and analyzed based on empowerment theory and theoretical concepts of violence and encounters. A result show that the client-treatment vary depending on the situation and that there are no clear guidelines or action plans regarding how the social workers should act. Also that the investigation methods very depending on where the social worker work and on the clients situation. The study also highlights the importance of expertise in the work regarding the client group and social workers awareness of violence and exposure to violence. There is a great need for expertise in social work in order to meet and work with clients who are victims of domestic violence. There is a lack of knowledge about this phenomenon that can lead to that the client is not receiving the necessary assistance, because the social worker did not know how to respond to the client.
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Capistrano, Kássia Líriam de Lima Costa. „A Regulamentação dos Empregados Domésticos no Brasil face aos Princípios da Igualdade e da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana: as perspectivas da Convenção N. 189 da OIT e da PEC 478/2010“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4403.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-24Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The domestic workers are marked by the social segregation, which has followed them since their origin, which is, slavery. It is noticeable that the social alternatives propitiated them gradual conquer of freedom, which in order to be in effect demands promotion of substantial equality. The conjunction of the preservation of the principles of freedom and equality, understood in its integral dimensions, will result in the personal development of the individual, which will turn into the builder agent of the society to the extent in which it will acquire potentiality. Next, the development of the human being collaborates for the well being of others, desideratum of the Federal Constitution. In the elapse of the study, it will be found that the Principle of Dignity of the Human Being is operated as a matrix and as the goal of the whole Constitution. Therefore, collimating the Constitution, the dignified labor comes up as a preponderant factor, urging on the ruling of diverse supranational debates. Suggesting the necessity to guarantee the domestic workers a decent labor, tuned with the values referenced in the Human Rights, the OIT launched a proposal at the Convention N. 189 of the OIT, of matching the rights of the domestic workers to the ones already granted to other categories of workers. With the approval of this proposal, the PEC N. 478/2010 made a comeback and already follows its ordinary legislative process to the Senate. It is noted that the proposal mentioned in PEC N. 478/2010 converges with the one already listed by the Convention N 189 of OIT. The scope of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of access of Brazil to the alluded proposals, utilizing historic, statistical, doctrinal and legal fundamentals, especially the standards inserted inside the Magna Carta.
Os trabalhadores domésticos são marcados pela segregação social que lhes acompanha desde sua origem, qual seja, a escravidão. Percebe-se que as vicissitudes sociais propiciaram-lhes gradativa conquista de liberdade, que para ser efetivada demanda a promoção da igualdade substancial. A conjugação da preservação dos princípios da liberdade e da igualdade, compreendidos estes em suas integrais dimensões, resultará no desenvolvimento pessoal do indivíduo, que, por sua vez, torna-se agente edificador da sociedade na medida em que adquire potencialidade. Logo, o desenvolvimento da pessoa humana colabora para o bem comum, desiderato da Constituição Federal. Nesse quadro indubitavelmente deve inserir-se o trabalhador doméstico. No decorrer do estudo demonstrar-se-á que o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana opera como matriz e finalidade de todo o texto constitucional, projetando-se como apanágio de efetividade da cidadania. O trabalho digno, por sua vez, exsurge como valor constitucional preponderante, instigando a pauta de diversos debates supranacionais. Aventando a necessidade de se garantir aos trabalhadores domésticos um labor decente, sintonizado com os valores-referências dos direitos humanos, a OIT editou a Convenção nº 189 com escopo de promover a equiparação dos direitos dos trabalhadores domésticos aos já concedidos às outras categorias trabalhistas. Na esteira da aprovação da citada Convenção nº 189, a PEC nº 478/2010 alcançou o merecido fôlego e segue a passos largos para aprovação, com trâmite legislativo ordinário já no Senado da República. O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar amiúde a viabilidade de adesão do Brasil àquela norma convencional e a utilidade socioeconômica que a aprovação da PEC nº 478/2010 proporcionará no contexto da evolução da cidadania dos trabalhadores domésticos. Fundamentos históricos, estatísticos, doutrinários, constitucionais, legais e mesmo filosóficos são alçados para revelar a viabilidade das concepções que se lastreiam nesse particular.
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Souza, Maria das Graças Neves de. „A mulher trabalhadora doméstica na família contemporânea: avanços e silêncios na legislação atual do serviço doméstico no Brasil e na Argentina, considerando convenção da OIT e percepções de mulheres competentes sobre o campo e com trajetórias nesse serviço“. Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2015. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456730/122.
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Esta Dissertação analisa a luta das trabalhadoras domésticas pela obtenção dos mesmos direitos e garantias dos demais trabalhadores, definidos para as outras classes de trabalhadores que também exercem atividade profissional remunerada. Discute, também, a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional 72/2013 e a não equiparação entre empregados domésticos e não domésticos. Portanto, o objetivo é analisar o processo de valorização dos trabalhadores domésticos no Brasil, confrontando o estabelecimento e o cumprimento de normas legais com abertura de prerrogativas que culminam com a manutenção da desigualdade entre esses trabalhadores. Para isso, faz-se necessário um levantamento histórico associado às normas regulamentares, atentando para a conscientização e para o surgimento de novas posturas nas relações entre patrão e empregado doméstico, bem como para os entraves na prática das novas regras, os quais ferem um dos princípios da Constituição Federal que é a preservação da dignidade humana. A pesquisa foi dividida em quatro partes. A primeira seção examina a identificação conceitual dos empregados domésticos e os condicionantes que permitem o reconhecimento para classificação e enquadramento do grupo, bem como a evolução histórica do trabalho doméstico no Brasil e, ainda, traz os direitos contemplados e os não concedidos com a Emenda Constitucional nº72/2013. A segunda seção descreve a evolução histórica da classe trabalhadora dos empregados domésticos na Argentina, seus decretos leis e a nova lei que regula esses trabalhadores. A terceira retoma a discussão sobre a valorização profissional desse grupo e sobre o apoio da Organização Internacional do Trabalho e sua convenção 189, trabalhando com a importância e a dignidade desses empregados, assim como biografias e histórias de vida de mulheres ativistas à causa.
In this dissertation we analyze the struggle of domestic workers to obtaining the same rights and guarantees defined for other classes of workers that also perform paid professional activity. We discuss the proclamation of Constitutional Amendment n. 72/2013 and the no equivalence between domestic and non-domestic employees. Thus, the aim is to analyze the process of valuation of domestic workers in Brazil, confronting the establishment and enforcement of legal regulations with opening prerogatives that culminate with the maintenance of inequality among these workers. For this, a historical survey of the regulations is necessary, attempting to achieve awareness and the emergence of new attitudes in the relationship between employer and domestic worker as well as the barriers in the practice of the new rules, hurting one of the principles of the Federal Constitution which is the preservation of human dignity. The research was divided into four parts. The first chapter examines the conceptual identification of domestic workers and the conditions that allow recognition for classification and framing the group as well as the historical evolution of domestic work in Brazil and also it brings the contemplated rights and the ones not established on the Constitutional Amendment n. 72/2013. The second chapter describes the historical development of the working class of domestic workers in Argentina, its law enactment and the new law regulating these workers. The third chapter recaptures the discussion on the professional development of this group with the support of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and its Convention 189 working with the importance and dignity of these employees, as well as biographies and life-history of women activists to the cause.
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Martinsen, Jessica, und Hedda Vitestam. „Från noll till att öppna Pandoras ask“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25647.
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Barnahus (Children’s Advocacy Center) is a collaboration between authorities, created to increase the quality of crime investigations while promoting the child’s best interest and health. Due to the complexity of detecting domestic violence, it is difficult to investigate and conduct interrogations of children in a legally secure manner whilst avoiding secondary traumatization. This study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of this process by examining how social workers’ experience cases where there is suspicion of domestic violence at Barnahus in Skåne, Sweden.By utilizing a qualitative interview method, we interviewed seven social workers in Skåne about their experiences within Barnahus. The conducted interviews focused on four areas: (1) the social worker's experience of collaboration with the other authorities within Barnahus (2) the cooperation and building of an alliance with the family after a child’s hearing, (3) the child as a victim of crime from a legal point of view (4) the social workers’ liberty in taking actions in terms of interventions. The material gathered from the interviews was later sorted using an empirically-controlled qualitative thematic method and analyzed using theories of power, ethics and sociology of law.The study concludes that needs and available resources steers Barnahus operation despite national guidelines. Thus, there is a need to assess and create a flexibility regarding whether or not one should take in a child for interrogation. Further on, all social workers were unanimous in the experience that it is more difficult to approach the family, to provide interventions, when the case begins at Barnahus. The informants also confirmed the perception of the legal perspective as primary. Lastly, we found that there is a big gap between compulsive interventions and interventions with consent. We discovered that there is an ongoing discussion based on the social secretaries' desire for opportunities of middle-care and a resistance from those who believe that social services should be built on consent.
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Silva, Maciel Henrique Carneiro da Silva. „Domésticas criadas entre textos e práticas sociais: Recife e Salvador (1870-1910)“. Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/13360.
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CAPES
Esta pesquisa investiga as trabalhadoras domésticas de Recife e Salvador, suas experiências, suas lutas, sua formação enquanto classe, a precariedade de suas vidas, na conjuntura emancipacionista dos anos finais do século XIX e iniciais do século XX. Através da literatura de ficção, de processos criminais e cíveis, de anúncios de jornais, de documentação oficial, busco reconstituir as experiências de vida de domésticas negras, mestiças e brancas, escravas, livres e libertas. Argumento que essas domésticas agenciaram suas vidas em contextos de precariedade, mas que lograram produzir experiências de uma identidade de classe em formação. Elas não apenas estavam se formando enquanto classe unicamente a partir de suas próprias experiências. Os textos literários produzidos por escritores e memorialistas baianos e pernambucanos buscaram increvê-las em lugares sociais e raciais subalternos, adstritos aos valores paternalistas e escravistas ainda resistentes ao avanço de regras formais de relações de trabalho. Mas apesar da riqueza das fontes literárias na produção e disseminação de valores de submissão e do lugar subalterno do trabalho doméstico, defendo que o conjunto de experiências sociais das mulheres que a ele nos anos pré e pós-emancipação põem em suspeição imagens idílicas que associam serviço doméstico a servilismo, à harmonia entre patrões e empregadas. Por fim, e apesar do foco na formação de classe, reconstitui experiências mais amplas de conflitos populares cotidianos nos quais as domésticas tiveram participação, por acreditar que não é só na relação de trabalho que uma classe se forma. This research investigates female domestic workers in Recife and Salvador, their experiences, their struggles, their formation as a class and the precariousness of their lives, in the emancipation conjuncture of the final years of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Through literature, fiction, criminal and civil lawsuits, newspaper advertisements and official documentation, I try to reconstitute the life experiences of black, half-breed and white domestics, slaves, free and manumitted. I argue that those domestics managed their lives in contexts of precariousness, but somehow succeeded to produce experiences of a class identity in formation. They not only were forming themselves as a class just from their own experiences. Literary texts produced by writers and memoirists from Bahia and Pernambuco tried to put them in social and racial subordinate places, attached to paternalistic and proslavery values still resistant to the advancement of formal rules of labor relations. But despite the wealth of literary sources in the production and dissemination of submission values and the subordinate place of the domestic work, I endorse that the set of social experiences of women who engaged in domestic work in the coming years pre and postemancipation put on suspicion idyllic images which associate domestic service to servilism, to harmony between employers and employees. Finally, despite the focus on class formation, I reconstituted wider experiences of popular daily conflicts in which the female domestic workers had participation, believing that not only in the working relationship a class is formed.
Salvador
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Goldman, Sarron. „White boyhood under Apartheid the experience of being looked after by a black nanny /“. Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06032004-144915.
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Meakin, Matthias, und Dzenana Poturak. „Kvinnors våld mot män i nära relationer, könsnormer och maskulinitet : En kvalitativ studie om socialsekreterares erfarenheter av möten med utsatta män“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104764.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate social workers' experience in meeting men who are victims of domestic violence by women. Through this study we want to acquire an in-depth understanding of how social norms of gender and masculinity have an impact on domestic violence by women as well as its impact on social workers in their treatment of the abused men. The methodological starting point of this study is based on a hermeneutic qualitative approach where empirical data have been obtained through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with six social workers who all come in contact with domestic violence through their work. Results from this study show that the norms of gender and masculinity which exist in our society do affect the view of men and manhood and it affects the view on women’s violence and violence in general. It also affects how the social workers treat men who are victims of domestic abuse by women. The result of this is that men feel a lot of shame about being victims of domestic abuse hence making it hard to reach them in efforts to help. Our conclusion is that social workers need to learn more about how norms of gender and masculinity affect what the men are feeling and hence find ways to treat these men without shame interfering in that treatment.
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Häggbring, Sanna. „Socialtjänstens roll i arbetet med brottsoffer : En studie ur socialsekreterares perspektiv“. Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42962.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska socialtjänstens arbete med brottsoffer i Sverige enligt 5 kapitlet 11 § i socialtjänstlagen. I studien undersöktes hur socialsekreterare definierar brottsoffer samt hur de bedömer och prioriterar offrens behov. Det har också varit centralt att studera hur socialsekreterare tolkar och förstår regleringen av socialtjänstens ansvar för brottsoffer. Kvalitativa intervjuer med 18 socialarbetare är grunden för studien. Analysen av socialtjänstens arbete med brottsoffer baseras på ovan nämnda intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyseras med hjälp av rättssociologiska teorier. För att illustrera hur socialsekreterare definierar brottsoffer har teorier om brottsoffer använts i analysen. Studien visar att ett brottsoffer måste vara oskyldig, svag och lida av brottet för att personen skall definieras som brottsoffer av socialsekreterarna. Socialsekreterarna har dock olika prioriteringar. Vissa socialsekreterare baserar sin bedömning efter varje enskilt fall, medan andra socialsekreterare anser att det är specifika målgrupper som ska få hjälp av socialtjänsten. Undersökningen visar också att de brottsoffergrupper som främst får hjälp inom socialtjänsten kvinnor och barn som fallit offer för våld i nära relationer. Stöd till brottsoffer som ges genom socialtjänstens arbete är ofta i syfte för att anpassa de kvinnor och barn som utsätts för våld, såsom kvinnojourer, rådgivning och ekonomiskt stöd.
The purpose of this essay is to explore the social services work with crime victims in Sweden, according to Chapter 5, § 11 of the Social Services Act. The study examined how social workers define the victim and assessing and prioritizing victims' needs. It has also been central to study how social workers interpret and understand the regulation of social services responsible for crime victims. Qualitative interviews with 18 social workers is the basis for the study. The analysis of the social services work with victims based in the above-mentioned interviews. The interviews analyzed using the sociology of law theory. To illustrate how social workers define victims of crime have theories of crime victims been used in the analysis.
The study shows that a crime victim must be innocent, weak and suffering from the crime to be defined as crime victims by social secretaries. Social workers do, however, different priorities. Some are based on an assessment of each individual victims need help, while others believe that the specific target groups will be using social services. The study also indicates that the groups which mainly receive help in the social services are victims of violence women and children. Assistance to victims in the social services designed to adapt the groups exposed to violence against women and children, such as women’s shelters, counseling and financial help.
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Hsien, Yang Shih, und 楊士賢. „Research on comparison of the work value of domestic atypical worker and full-time worker“. Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44112322542892153977.
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碩士長榮大學
經營管理研究所
91
Abstract The theme of this research is to make comparison of the work value of domestic atypical worker and full-time worker. High-quality human resource is the prime power driving the development of country, enrichment of economy and advancement of society. Under the circumstance that enterprises are facing the rapid change of operating environment and the stress of global competition, and the transparency of economic development prediction is becoming more and more unclear, the management and utilization strategy of atypical human resource has become one of enterprises’ human resource strategies. This research calls all non full-time workers, including those who engaged in labor mission, temporary job, short-term service contract, and part-time, job “atypical worker” as a whole, and makes a comparative analysis of the work value of atypical worker with that of full-time worker. The results of factor analysis and empirical study show that, there are six influencing factors in work values of the two, including learning and growth orientation, self-actualization orientation, dignity orientation, social interaction orientation, company (organization) safety and economic orientation, and stability, anxiety-free, leisure & traffic orientation. And after using multiple statistic analysis methods, the following important findings are worked out: 1. Comparison of the work values in the above six aspects shows that there is no significant difference between different work types. 2. There is no significant difference in the work value of full-time workers between different ages, educational backgrounds and working ages. In the aspect of sex, females pay more attention to “social interaction orientation” and “stability, anxiety-free, leisure and traffic orientation” than males, and significant difference exists in this aspect. 3. There is no significant difference in the work value of atypical worker between different sexes. In the aspect of age, those who are 41~50 years old and have low educational backgrounds pay more attention to “self-actualization orientation”, “dignity orientation”, “social interaction orientation”, “company (organization) safety and economic orientation”, and “stability, anxiety-free, leisure and traffic orientation” than those who are under 30 years and have received higher education, and significant difference presents in this aspect. Finally, based on the results, this research brings forward some suggestions for enterprises and the government, hoping to make some contributions to the growth of national economy, long-term development of enterprises and improvement of employment policies. Key words: Atypical worker, Full-time worker, Work value
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Van, der Merwe Jana. „Being raised by a domestic worker: A postmodern study“. Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23107.
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This study focuses on exploring the relationship between domestic workers and the children they help to raise from the child’s perspective, using attachment theory (Bowlby, 1988) and psychoanalytic theory (referring specifically to Klein (1952) and Fairbairn (1952/2006) as some theoretical bases). Also, the concepts of the social unconscious (Weinberg, 2007) and social ghosts (Gergen, 2000) are used to provide a link to the relationship having social implications and functions in the South African context. All theories were used in an anti-essentialistic, reflexive and heuristic way, without reification or objectification of the various terms and concepts within the theories. Also, the paradigmatic point of departure for this research is postmodernism (Apignanesi, Sadar, Curry&Garrat, 2003), focusing on the contextual and socially constructed view of knowledge production. From this point of departure, the methodology is qualitative and the research design autoethnographic (Bochner, 1997; Ellis 1998; 2000; Muncey, 2005; Holman Jones, 2005). My own story is presented where I have used various data sources such as my own memories, a letter (Babbie&Mouton, 2008), and photographs which were analysed according to the principles of visual narrative analysis found in Riessman (2008) primarily. Further data was collected through the use of two radio talk shows, where participants were invited to share their stories with regard to being raised by a domestic worker. This data was analysed using thematic narrative analysis (Riessman, 2008), in which the narratives (kept as whole as possible) were analysed, each case in turn, using themes from the narratives themselves and deductive psychoanalytic themes. Some of the themes elicited were possession (where charges felt in possession of their domestic worker), absence (in relation to the child’s biological mother experienced both by domestic workers biological children and the domestic workers charges), loss (especially in relation to a caregiver), the male caregiver (a paternal figure to his charges), the politicisation of the relationship (the relationship between domestic worker and charge as product of a political system), reconciliation and action (a call for empathy and change), and an intertwining of cultures (where black and white, male and female, rich and poor exist inextricably linked with one another as a product of segregation). I have also maintained a consistent critical and reflexive stance throughout. In conclusion I have presented the contribution of this work to social science and society. Similarly, some limitations of this study are presented, as well as directions for further research. CopyrightDissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Marais, Christel. „Labour legislation in Emfuleni's domestic worker sector: awareness and compliance“. Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/126.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Labour Relations Management)--Vaal University of TechnologySectoral Determination 7: Domestic Worker Sector was proclaimed by the Minister of Labour, Membathisi Mdladlana, and has stipulated the minimum employment conditions for the domestic worker sector since 1 September 2002. The purpose of this study evolved from the problem statement which clearly indicated the need for the assessment of awareness and compliance within the domestic worker sector. A detailed literature review enabled the researcher's orientation to the historical context of the sector as well as the need for transformation. Ultimately, the Determination's stipulations guided the assessment of both awareness (knowledge) and compliance (actions that correspond with legislative obligations) during an empirical review. A survey design was used to obtain responses from both domestic workers and employers of domestic workers, who were not necessarily in a direct employment relationship, within the Emfuleni Local Municipal District. Collected data was statistically captured and analysed. Desc1iptive statistics indicated that both employers and domestic workers have limited awareness with regard to the stipulations of Sectoral Determination 7. Results further indicated the difficulty in making a general pronouncement regarding compliance levels. It is suggested that compliance should be considered per individual stipulation of the Determination. The study concludes with the researcher's recommendation that more must be done to raise awareness within the sector amongst both employers of domestic workers and domestic workers. It was also recommended that more labour inspectors be made available not only to ensure the enforcement of Sectoral Dete1mination 7 (compliance) but also to facilitate the creation of continuous awareness.
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Chou, Fan-Fan, und 周芬芬. „A Study of Core Competence for Foreign Domestic Worker in Family“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uafrnk.
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碩士實踐大學
家庭研究與兒童發展學系高齡家庭服務事業碩士在職專班
104
Abstract Aiming to establish the core competencies and essential skills required for foreign domestic worker in family, the research project started by reviewing literature in the following areas: elderly care services; the job responsibilities, training courses and certification requirements of resident care attendants; the job responsibilities of foreign domestic worker in family; and the definition of “core competencies” and related analysis methods. Based on the results of literature review, a list of core competencies for foreign domestic worker in family was then compiled and used as the basis to design the initial questionnaire for the first Delphi expert survey. Altogether, three rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted with the results comprehensively revised and verified by experts. The identified competencies and skills were then examined by their frequencies, means, and modes, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov one sample test and other statistical methods were performed for data analysis. A total of 46 core competencies emerged (41 of them were essential skills required for pre-service foreign domestic worker in family) in the following four major categories (further encompassing 12 sub-categories): physical care, daily care, accident and emergency management, and interpersonal relationship and professional ethics. Results of the research project can be expected to assist related authorities in planning effective pre-service and on-the-job training programs for foreign domestic worker in family. Keywords: foreign domestic worker in family, core competence, disabled elderly
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Castel-Branco, Ruth Kelia. „Legislating worker justice : the formalisation of paid domestic work in Maputo, Mozambique“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9306.
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Paid domestic work is the most important occupation for urban Mozambican women after
self-employment. Domestic workers perform the reproductive and productive functions
necessary to keep households running and the economy growing. Despite the importance
of this sector, it is characterised by low wages, long hours, rigorous schedules, and
vulnerability to abuse. In 2008, Mozambique’s National Assembly passed Decree
40/2008, extending labour protections to domestic workers. There is significant debate
however about whether labour protection can transform working conditions in such an
intimate sector. Domestic work takes place in isolation, behind the closed doors and high
walls of private homes; it consists of intimate tasks, adding a personalness to the
employment relationship; and working conditions are negotiated one-on-one with
employers.
Drawing on historical research, primary observations and semi-structured interviews with
key informants and domestic workers in Maputo’s central city, this study discusses the
opportunities and limitations of legislating worker justice in an intimate profession. It
explores how the institutional and regulatory framework both enables and prevents
improvements in working conditions; how domestic workers leverage these institutions to
advance their interests; and the informal strategies and tactics they use concurrently.
The study suggests that Decree 40/2008 has had limited direct impact on working
conditions. Its ambiguous language, poor dissemination, and weak regulatory structure,
combined with the precarious nature of Maputo’s labour market and entrenched power
relations between workers and employers, mean that domestic workers exhibit high levels
of accommodation or patience, preferring to wait for conditions to improve or better
options to surface, than to make outright demands from employers. However, this study
also suggests Decree 40/2008 has galvanised domestic worker organising, creating a
focus of mobilisation and advocacy with the potential to profoundly affect working
conditions in this sector. In the context of a fractured labour movement however,
domestic worker organising has become a battleground for autonomy, power, and
resources. It is still too early to know whether domestic workers will ultimately benefit.Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Shen, Tzu-Yu, und 沈慈聿. „Gender Sensitivity of Female Social Worker：The Case of Domestic Violence Social Worker“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24833568975691033190.
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碩士實踐大學
社會工作學系碩士班
99
The researcher observing from the self and from the peers found out that there was a clouding atmosphere in the field of social work. For example, “social work is a charity career, so is it kind of snobbish if too haggling with the salary?” and “no one says anything, so I am too embarrassed to say anything.” In the long term, fighting for rights seems to be forgotten by the social workers. The main essence and the gender of social work are women. Does the gender influence the work? Or does the work influence the gender? The most basic part of social work is the education. Therefore, from the points of view of social work education, this research understands the general situation of the gender related courses in social work education. And then further discuss whether accepting the gender sensitivity education has influences on the social workers and its effect on actual operation. This research starts out from two parts: the first part is the social work education (including school education, on job training, etc); the second part is to discuss if the gender sensitivity has influences on the services from the work experiences of the social workers. In the first part, the educational training, we found out the related school education on gender sensitivity was quite lack. Those gender education related courses also had the situation of same subject, different content. While the gender related on job training is quite insufficient, the social workers, influenced by the amount of the work and not very interested, were not very attentive. Therefore, in general, the social workers did not have sufficient concept to perform self-examination also realized that it had affect the actual work. Therefore, this research proposes several advises aiming on social work education, on job training, and the rights of the social work in hoping to improve the current situation of the social work, elevate the gender sensitivity of the social workers, and promote the working rights. The advices are as follow: I. Social work education A. The gender related courses should include core courses of the social work and the required basic courses, which can establish a systematic courses sequence, not limited by the professional field of the teacher. B. Gender education is not only limited to specific field or way of providing services. When planning gender related courses, the basic subjects should be included as well. C. Besides building the systematic courses in theory, the internship of the social education should pour in the education concept of combining gender sensitivity. II. Policy A. Admit the social workers into official public affair system, not just providing indirect services. B. Issue or specify the law applicable for the social workers to avoid unspecific indemnification due to no applicable law. C. Strengthen the personal safety and work assurance of the social workers. The education should have complete supporting measures. D. Understand the professional position and actively strive for the rights.
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Yuan, Chang Chun, und 張春媛. „Struggling for better life –The story of Indonesian female domestic worker in Singapore“. Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82900099941759304291.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
輔導與諮商研究所
96
The research was conducted based on an in-depth interview with a female domestic worker, Sally, currently working in Singapore. The method of narrative qualitative research was used in hopes of understanding the life experience of this Indonesian domestic worker. This research concludes that self-adjustment involves psychological, economical and emotional adaptations. Though faced with various difficulties, Sally has a strong resilience. She comprehends her low social-economic status in the society; however, she knows how to survive by coping with surrounding issues and perseveres when faced with the challenges of life. Though she has experienced many difficult encounters and frustrations scattered along her path of life, she still manages to pull through like sunshine after a rainy day. The research also shows though Sally personally has a determined and persevering character, the support she attains from her family and acquaintances e.g. parents, siblings, employers, agents, and friends, all play roles in enhancing her resilience in empowering her in facing difficulties in her life. Through positive interactive communication with the people surrounding and in close contact with Sally, she is able to, under the influence and support of her family, employers and peers, revert back quickly from any negative effects her problems might have caused. Her spiritual beliefs i.e. religion and fortune telling, also have beneficial effects on her resilience.
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Yu, Hsu Fang, und 許芳瑜. „The Function Study for Changwha Domestic Violence Prevention and Treatment Center -- A View of Social Worker“. Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95582711148414349963.
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Sz-ChingYang und 楊斯晴. „The study of domestic employer toward foreign worker hiring behavior - the perspective of theory of reasoned action“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37434388791211488874.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
100
The primary goal of this research is to explore the factors of influences among experience, beneficial result, cost of employment and employer’s attitude, and to explore the correlation of employment intention and behavior, when the employer decide to hire a foreign laborer. Only few studies applied the concept of theory of reasoned action to explore the effect of relation of employment intention and behavior of employer, that is, it is an exploratory issue. Based on this, the research is to explore the concept of experience, beneficial result and cost of employment, when the employer decide to hire a foreign laborer. By the way, the research discussed the correlation of the employment intention and behavior. In total, 2493 questionnaires were sent out and 793 effective questionnaires were returned with effective recovery rate 35.02%. Factor analysis, regression analysis are used to examine the hypotheses furthermore. The results of the research show that experience, beneficial result, cost of employment has positive effects on employer’s attitude, and cost of employment has negative effects on employer’s attitude. Employer’s attitude has positive effects on employment intention, and subjective norm has positive effects on employment intention. Finally, employment intention has positive effects on employment behavior. Keywords: theory of reasoned action,、foreign worker、hiring of experience、hiring of beneficial result、 cost of hiring、 hiring behavior
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Alnoaman, Hala Hatim. „The prevalence of violence among female health worker of Jeddah’s General Ministry of Health Hospital“. Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/111134.
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ABSTRACT: This is a community-based cross-sectional study where the prevalence of
domestic violence and its associated factors were determined.
The aim of the study was to determine prevalence and epidemiology of
domestic violence among female health worker of General Ministry of Health (MOH)
Hospital in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
A self-administered questionnaire was the tool of the study. Simple random
sampling technique was used to select female health workers. All female health
workers including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, physiotherapists and lab
technicians from general MOH hospitals participated in the study.
The prevalence of violence was 45.3 % among female health workers of general
MOH hospitals.
The Saudi nationality, divorce, higher monthly income, supporting their
families financially, sharing children expenditure with their partners and using
polygamy were found to be associated with domestic violence.
The study concluded that domestic violence was found to be high in the study
population and was associated with several factors.
39
Seedat, Mariam. „A sociological investigation into the socialisation process of the female African domestic worker in the Durban Metro region“. Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5900.
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Domestic workers in South Africa have historically endured a great deal of
inequalities, as a direct result of their role as woman within the traditional patriarchal
family structure and as a result of their socialisation process. This dissertation sets out
to understand the socialisation process that young girls undergo within a traditional
African family that leads them to domestic employment. The aim is to conduct a
sociological analysis of domestic workers. This study seeks to understand the impact
of the socialisation process on the African female in society.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.
40
Slack, Michael Byron 1957. „Factors influencing interdisciplinary team member agreement with social worker assessments of domestic violence incidents in the United States Air Force“. 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/11298.
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41
Slack, Michael Byron Rubin Allen. „Factors influencing interdisciplinary team member agreement with social worker assessments of domestic violence incidents in the United States Air Force“. 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3108513.
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42
CHEN, WAN-TUNG, und 陳宛彤. „From Conflict to Reconciliation：A Path of self-cultivation of a Domestic Violence Prevention Social Worker Who was a Witness Child“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qdw299.
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碩士國立臺北大學
社會工作學系
102
This article is about a social worker who witnessed domestic violence in her childhood within her family of origin and decides to engage in protective social work. At work, she reflects the impact of her family of origin on herself while learning how to shed the image of a professional social worker to be brought back to her own course of a battered woman. Moreover, the author also examines the influence of the evolution of the domestic violence system that had over her own values and beliefs during the working process. Finally, through the examination of the current operating mode of domestic violence services, the author reviews the significance of the helping relationships and further confirms her own values and beliefs and the professional road of self-discipline in her life.
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Sibiya, Thandiwe. „An investigation to assess whether or not the employers of domestic workers do comply with the minimum conditions of employment as laid down in: Sectoral determination 7: Domestic worker sector“. Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2158.
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This research set out to ascertain whether the employers of domestic workers within the Msunduzi Area do comply with the requirements of Sectoral Determination 7: Domestic Worker Sector. For domestic workers who were exploited during the apartheid era, this determination was perceived as a mechanism that would liberate them (Department of Labour, 2005, p.7). Trade unions use collective bargaining as a tool to fight for employee rights. Domestic workers are unionised, but their trade unions are not as powerful as their counterparts in the private sector (Department of Labour, 2005, p.7). According to Huber (2001, p.20), one of the reasons domestic workers were excluded from most labour laws was the belief that it would be difficult to check whether or not each individual employer complied with the laws. This problem still exists and needs to be solved. Government laws were meant to protect vulnerable workers from exploitation (mainly farm and domestic workers), but what is actually happening is that, rather than protecting employees from exploitation, they serve as corrective action. They are only implemented when there is a case between an employee and the employer. The government has a responsibility to protect vulnerable employees such as domestic and farm workers. The mechanism instituted by the government to protect domestic workers was through the promulgation of Sectoral Determination 7: Domestic Service Sector, which lays down minimum working conditions for domestic workers (Department of Labour, 2005, p.9). The main aim was to alleviate exploitation of domestic workers by the employers due to the power imbalance between these two parties (Department of Labour, 2005, p.9). This study compares what the employer offers to an employee in terms of wages, working hours, meal intervals and leave. From the observation of the research, little research has been done on the compliance or non-compliance with Sectoral Determination 7: Domestic Service Sector, within the Msunduzi Region. The outcome of the findings from this research were that the minimum salary for those employees who work more than five days are R727,60 instead of R861,90 and for those domestic workers who work for five days a week it is an average of R528,93 instead of R567, 79. The results indicated that many of the standards set down by the government are clearly not being met by the employers of domestic workers, for example minimum wages are not being paid and maximum hours are being exceeded. The determination stipulated that the maximum hours that should be worked a week is 45 hours and a maximum of nine hours per day; this was not in line with the standards, seeing that the average amount of time worked per week by respondents was 46.9 hours and 9.3 hours per day. As far as meals are concerned Sectoral Determination 7: Domestic Worker Sector, indicated that the standard should be an hour meal interval for every five hours worked. Respondents from this study disagreed that they were given an hour-long lunch time and reflected that the average time taken for meals was only 30 minutes. Finally, domestic workers need to have annual leave of 21 consecutive days (Department of Labour, 2005, p.9). This standard was not being met, as the average number of days being given for annual leave is 16.5 days. Maternity leave should be given as four consecutive months for domestic workers. It was found that 89,3% of domestic workers were given maternity leave of less than the stipulated four consecutive months. Domestic workers should be given five days' leave for family responsibility (Department of Labour, 2005, p.9). The respondents indicated that this was not adhered to, as the average number of days being given to the domestic workers for family responsibility was 1.4 days. Only 13,8% of domestic workers were granted five days' family responsibility leave and approximately 67,6% received less than five days for family responsibility leave. The study recommended that there should be some kind of government policy of doing consistent spot checks in different areas in the Msunduzi Area and possibly the rest of the country. This will require the Department of Labour to increase its manpower. More labour inspectors will be needed to ensure that this whole area is sufficiently monitored. The study revealed that union officials need to devise means and ways of coming into contact with domestic workers. Employers were expected to have a copy of Sectoral Determination 7: Domestic Service Sector available, within easy access of domestic workers.Thesis (M.B.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Chieregato, Elisa. „The House as a Workplace: Challenging the Speciality of Domestic Work in Labour Law“. Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/1053258.
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The thesis explores the contemporary legal treatment of domestic workers from a labour law perspective, shedding light on the role that labour law can play in either shaping or combatting the vulnerability of domestic workers. Drawing on insights from interdisciplinary literature, the thesis aims to shine a spotlight on an invisible and hitherto rather underexplored topic within labour law scholarship. After illustrating the significance of domestic workers in the contemporary globalised economy, the thesis focuses on the characteristics contributing to sustaining and entrenching the speciality of domestic work in contemporary labour law scholarship, i.e., its place in the private household and its association with traditionally gendered (and racialised) activities, which have been used to justify the exclusion of domestic workers from many labour law provisions. Against this background, the thesis contends that labour law can, on the contrary, play a role in proactively mitigating the vulnerability of domestic workers, as demonstrated by the historic adoption of the ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189), which reclaimed domestic work as ‘Work Like Any Other, Work Like No Other’. Likewise, the thesis argues that there has been a small yet significant shift in the EU policy approach towards domestic workers, which can represent a promising avenue to challenge exclusions within national labour law regimes. Finally, the thesis reflects on the implications of the debate on domestic work for the broader discussion of the re-conceptualisation of the boundaries of labour law in a post-industrial and post-pandemic world.
45
Huxtable, David. „The International Trade Union Confederation and Global Civil Society: ITUC collaborations and their impact on transnational class formation“. Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7738.
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This dissertation examines collaborations between the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) and non-union elements of global civil society (GCS). GCS is presented as a crucial emergent site of transnational class formation, and ITUC collaborations within this field are treated as potentially important moments in transnational class formation. The goal of the dissertation is threefold. It seeks to 1) address the lacuna in GCS studies around the involvement of organized labour; 2) provide an analysis of what ITUC GCS collaborations mean for the remit and repertoire of action of the ITUC; and 3) provide an analysis of the impact of ITUC collaborations on transnational class formation.
What the findings show is that the ITUC is heavily engaged in GCS through numerous collaborations with non-union organizations concerned with environmental degradation, human rights, global economic inequality, and women workers. Most significantly, collaboration within GCS has provided the ITUC an avenue to incorporate the needs of marginalized women workers whose work does not “fit” into the traditional model of trade union organizing. These findings lead to the conclusion that these collaborations have allowed the ITUC to expand the remit of its activities beyond “bread-and-butter” unionism, and expand its repertoire of action beyond interstate diplomacy. However, the findings do not support the idea that the ITUC has adopted a social movement framework, although it is clear that the ethos of social movement unionism has had an impact on the organization. Nonetheless, the dissertation concludes that the incorporation of marginalized women workers, and the active engagement of the ITUC in global environmental policy debates, signifies a new moment in transnational class formation.Graduate
0629
0703
davidbhuxtable@gmail.com
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Yin, Hsin-Ju, und 尹欣如. „The Relationship between risk assessment and decision-making among social worker in child abuse cases: A study of Taoyuan county domestic violence center“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32432451520806595113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立臺灣大學
社會工作學研究所
101
The incidence of reported child abuse is fast growing in the past few years. To identify a child abuse case, a reliable and valid risk assessment is pertinent for a child protection worker to make appropriate treatment decision. In 2011, according to the Control Yuan, a child protection worker, who once made inconsistent decision from risk assessment of possible harm after a child going home, was impeached for a child death incidence due to that worker’s negligence. The extant literature in Taiwan gave no valid information of how a risk assessment model could be effective to identify a child abuse case. This study aims to test predicting power of a proposed risk assessment model and examine how child protection workers would make inconsistent decision from their risk assessment. A data set provided by Tao-Yuan County Child Protection Team was used to do analysis. A particular form of risk assessment tool was completed by every child protection worker after investigation during 2011. A total of 2,142 cases reported were investigated in 2011, but only 2003 cases were risk assessed in forms. Due to statistical efficiency, a total of 607 cases were stratified randomly sampled from the sampled population. And a qualitative approach was used to collect data from four child protection workers regarding inconsistent decisions they made in risk assessment procedure. Results showed that almost eighty percent of the sampled cases assessed were rated as children with the lower risk and 86.3% were not substantiated for further treatment. In 20.4% of the sampled cases rated as children of higher risks, 61.2% were substantiated as child abuse cases for further treatment services, but the others did not receive treatment. In prediction, the indicators of global risk level, wounds of the body, frequency of the abuse acts, care and living conditions, degree of threat from the abuser, attitude and expectations towards the child, and economic stress were found to have prediction power on child abuse case substantiation. Since some cases with higher level assessed were not substantiated, four first line workers were in-depth interviewed to explain the inconsistency. Two sets of reasons were given regarding the technical issues related to assessing process (decision before filling the form of risk assessment) and the difficulties related to using the risk assessment tool (some concern for the validity). Implications about developing effective risk assessment models and promoting precision between investigation and decision-making are included.
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Wu, Bing-Cheng, und 吳秉正. „The experience of the professional role practicing when the social worker of Department of Domestic Violence Service in District Court is escorting to court hearing“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94509065592914748960.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
社會工作系
98
This study aims to provide the practitioners with the opportunities to describe and deal with the experience from whic h they have gained by escorting to court hearing. This study, moreover, also intends to arouse people’s attention toward social workers ’ working conditions and thus understand how they feel when they handle different cases or events. Indeed,as far as the social workers of service department are concerned, they can obtain great benefits from sharing experience such as fulfilling their professional roles and earning more professional recognitions. In this sense, the study copes with the following three key issues: first,what kinds of experience will the social workers of service department get from carrying out their professional roles via attending court hearing? Secondly, what kinds of strategies will the social workers take toward the situations they encounter? How do the social workers identify their professional roles? This study invites five social workers of service department who have worked for a year and other three ones whose working experience hasn’t been up to a year to take part in the interviews. The interviews are conducted for 12 times and 1280 minutes are thus taken. Based on the hermeneutic phenomenological methodology, the study conducted the thematic analysis to analyze the texts. The four essential themes are:(1)the appearance of social workers on the stage (2)the encounter of the social workers and the life world of work (3) the strategies of the social workers (4) the essential meaning of such worked experience. Based on these essential themes and discussions, some concrete suggestions were proposed.
48
Haskins, Catherine B. „Household employer payroll tax evasion: An exploration based on IRS data and on interviews with employers and domestic workers“. 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3397704.
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Although many workers have a private household as their workplace, many household employers are unaware of or fail to meet their state and federal payroll tax obligations, thus undermining the workers’ retirement income security. This dissertation uses sixty interviews with household employers and employees in the Washington, DC, area to investigate the causes and conditions of nanny tax evasion. Ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews indicate that lack of awareness, tax complexity, social norms of noncompliance, and poor personal ethics diminish payroll tax payment; concern over one’s job, personal ethics and altruistic concern for the employee motivate compliance. An analysis of limited IRS data on audits as well as data on Schedule H household employment payroll tax returns reveal that although some unpaid tax was discovered, almost as much tax paid in error was refunded, confirming the importance of complexity as a determinant of compliance. Analysis of results using Kohlberg’s stages of moral development and force field analysis of motives provides insight into employers’ decisions to pay or evade their nanny taxes. Policy recommendations emphasize increasing public awareness, tax simplification, and enforcement.
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DeGeer, Ian G. „The child welfare response to domestic violence : exploring the concurrence between the literature, best practice guidelines and worker perception in the Ministry for Children and Family Development“. Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15179.
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Increasingly; child welfare authorities have become involved with families where domestic
violence is an issue. This has been the result of improved understanding of the impact of
witnessing domestic violence on children. However, child welfare has been criticized for the
oppressive nature of the interventions with families where domestic violence has occurred.
Critics have argued that an absence of understanding about domestic violence by social workers
in child welfare has resulted in oppressive practice towards women and children. This study
explored the perceptions of social workers in British Columbia's Ministry for Children and
Family Development - South Fraser Region about the barriers to best practice in cases of
domestic violence. An extensive literature review revealed eight barriers to best practice that
contradict current best practice guidelines for cases of domestic violence. The findings of this
study revealed that social workers identified that similar barriers to best practice exist in the
South Fraser Region, thereby confirming the concerns in the literature. The use of factor analysis
revealed that social workers are attempting to work with non-offending parents in amore
supportive manner, but there continue to be systemic problems associated with child welfare
services that impede workers ability to practice in a non-oppressive manner. Recommendations
for improvement of service provision are outlined and discussed.
50
Warnick, Danelia Verna. „Experiencing domestic violence as a child : young adults’ recollections and suggestions for social work services“. Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24986.
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This study sought to explore and describe the recollections of young adults who were exposed to domestic violence within the family structure during childhood, so as to develop an understanding of the systems and structures needed to develop effective services to child victims of domestic violence. It is envisaged that services to these children could aid as an important preventative strategy, in that newly acquired behaviour and thinking patterns could assist them to defer from engaging in violent relationships, thereby, breaking the cycle of violence. The research study was conducted by means of a qualitative research approach and made use of the phenomenological, contextual, explorative and descriptive research designs. The purposive sampling technique was used and semi-structured interviews were employed to obtain the data. Tesch’s (cited in Creswell, 2009:186) proposed eight steps for data analysis were employed. Data verification focused on credibility/authenticity, transformability, dependability and conformability. It is envisaged that the findings and conclusions of this study could inform the planning of services to children exposed to domestic violence.Social Work
M.A. (S.S.)