Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „DNA hybrides“

The germplasm of valuable for breeding wild allotetraploid potato species Solanum stoloniferumis rarely used because of pre- and postzygotic reproductive barriers with cultivated potatoes. One of the factors that complicate crosses between S. stoloniferum and S. tuberosumis unilateral incompatibility (UI).Here, we present the results of application of original SvSv-lines for overcoming UI in crosses with S. stoloniferum and of generating male fertile hybrids derived from this species. SvSv-lines are F2 S. tuberosum dihaploid× S. verrucosum that are male fertile and have D/γ-type cytoplasm. Since they are hybrids on homozygous for Svgene from S. verrucosum, they do not form SvSv-lines and have the same ability for elimination of prezygotic incompatibility as this species.As a result of pollination seven SvSv-lines were pollinated by 26 accessions of S. stoloniferum and a lot of hybrid seeds have been produced.In spite of low percentage of germination (1.9 %), formed 40 seedlings of interspecific hybrids. The experiment on hybridization between SvSv-lines and S. stoloniferum has been reproduced with the accession PI205522 of the wild species, which had DNA markers of PVY and LB resistance genes and “sterile” type cytoplasm W/γ: 950 hybrid seeds and 12 viable seedlings were produced. The genome of the seedlings was doubled by colchicine treatment, which generated hexaploids (F1) that formed highly fertile pollen and set seeds from self-pollination. We were able to cross them as females with the variety Katahdin. Produced pentaploid hybrids (BC1) were readily backcrossed by potato variety Quarta. Seedlings of BC2 were then backcrossed by potato varieties as female and, some of them, as male parents. The substantial part of F1, BC1 and BC2 plants of interspecific hybrids were male fertile (produced a lot functionally fertile pollen).

Abstract Isolates of Heterorhabditis were identified as H. indica using the following molecular diagnostic features: hybridisation to a H. indica specific satellite DNA probe; AluI and MboI restriction profiles of the rDNA ITS PCR product and the AluI profile of the rDNA IGS PCR product. The Kenyan isolates represent a distinct subgroup of H. indica. These isolates lacked one of the two HinfI restriction sites which are present in the rDNA ITS product of all the other isolates tested and they also differed from other H. indica isolates in their rDNA IGS HaeIII restriction profile. The Indian isolates are interfertile. The Kenyan isolates are interfertile but only one Kenyan isolate, Ki3, produced viable progeny when crossed with H. indica LN2. The four Indonesian isolates are interfertile, but only one Indonesian isolate (INA H1) produced viable hybrids when crossed with H. indica LN2. INA H1 was also interfertile with the Kenyan isolate Ki3. Caractérisation moléculaire d'isolats d'Heterorhabditis indica provenant d'Inde, du Kenya, d'Indonésie et de Cuba - Des isolats d'Heterorhabditis ont été identifiés comme H. indica par l'utilisation des techniques de caractérisation moléculaire suivantes: hybridation avec une sonde spécifique du DNA satellite de H. indica, produits des profils de restriction par PCR de l'ITS du rDNA par AluI et MboI et produit de PCR de l'IGS du rDNA par AluI. Les isolats keniyans constituent un sous-groupe distinct d'H. indica. Un des deux sites de restriction de HinfI, présent dans les produits de l'ITS du rDNA de tous les autres isolats étudiés, est absent dans ces isolats qui différaient également dans leurs profils de restriction de l'IGS du rDNA par HaeIII. Les isolats d'Inde sont interfertiles. Les isolats kenyans sont inter-fertiles mais un seul de ces isolats, Ki3, a produit une descendance viable après croisement avec H. indica LN2. Les quatre isolats indonésiens sont interfertiles, mais un seul d'entre eux (INA H1) a produit des hybrides viables après croisement avec H. indica LN2. INA H1 a été également interfertile avec l'isolat kenyan Ki3.

Aim. To form the varietal population of festulolium intergeneric hybrids of Festuca arundinacea morphotype. To carry out DNA-labeling of created festulolium hybrid plants and parental forms. Methods. The festulolium intergeneric hybrid’s creation was carried out by embryo culture method from an immature caryopsis by growing on a nutrient medium. For the plant genotypes labeling the multilocus primers associated with coding DNA regions (Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Polymorphism), SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) have been selected. Results. The viable plants of intergeneric festulolium hybrids of Festuca arundinacea morphotype have been obtained. To select the best festulolium biotypes for variety populations with high feed and seed productivity formation. A system for hybrid plants genotypes and their parental forms registration in the form of molecular genetic passports have been elaborated. The genetic passports reflects the allele’s composition in loci associated with DNA coding sequences. Conclusions. The best biotypes with economically valuable traits were selected and included in the further selection process. The molecular genetic passports of hybrid festulolium plants and parental forms were composed.
 Keywords: festulolium, immature caryopsis, biotypes, DNA, PCR, molecular genetic passports.

SUMMARY A reexamination of a small portion of the morphological evidence reveals that there were no fewer than 100 hybrid derivatives (of the type French suffix on native base) prior to 1450 and at least 64 before 1400. Given that most of the texts are literary, those are fairly high numbers. Moreover, the more banal the hybrid, the more likely it was to be allowed to occur in literary texts. Not surprisingly, glossaries and other non-literary texts are rich in hybrids, implying that the application of French suffixes to non-French roots was not uncommon in colloquial ME. Bilingual selection initially yielded a treasury of diverse caiques and lexemes, but code-switching normally precluded hybrid formation. The reassertion of English was facilitated by greater convergence. Monolingual speakers of this contact language could not distinguish nativized French words from English, permitting overlapping domains and morphological transfer. RÉSUMÉ Un reexamen d'une partie limitee des evidences morphologiques revele qu'il n'y eut pas moins d'une centaine de derives hybrides (du type où un suffixe frangais se joint a une racine anglaise) anterieurs a 1450 et au moins 64 avant 1400. Etant donne que la plupart des attestations viennent de textes litteraires, ces chiffres correspondent a un taux assez eleve. D'ailleurs, plus Thybride etait banal, plus il etait apte a figurer dans des textes litteraires. On constate sans etonnement que les glossaires et les autres textes non-litteraires abondent en formations hybrides, ce qui implique que la jonction des suffixes frangais avec des racines anglaises ne fut pas rare en moyen-anglais popu-late. Au debut ce fut la selection bilingue qui produisit un tresor de lexemes divers et de caiques, tout en evitant des formations hybrides lesquelles, de toute maniere, ne sont pas typiques lorsqu'il y a alternance codique. C'est la convergence linguistique qui a ensuite facilite la resurgence de 1'anglais. Les locuteurs unilingues de cette langue de contact ne surent pas distinguer les formations frangaises naturalisees des formations anglaises, permettant ainsi le chevauchement des domaines et, par la, des transferts morphologiques. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Eine frische Untersuchung eines kleinen Teilbereiches der morpholo-gischen Daten des Mittelenglischen zeigt, da6 vor 1450 nicht weniger als 100 Hybridisierungen existierten; vor 1400 lassen sich mindestens 64 belegen. Benicksichtigt man, daß die zugrundeliegenden Texte uberwiegend litera-risch sind, so sind diese Zahlen durchaus hoch. Daruberhinaus laBt sich beobachten, daB die Mischformen umso eher in literarischen Texten EinlaB fan-den, je banaler sie waren. Es uberrascht also nicht, daB Glossare und andere nichtliterarische Texte reichhaltig an Mischformen sind, was darauf schlieBen laBt, daB die Anheftung franzosischer Suffixe an nichtfranzosische Stamme im umgangssprachlichen Mittelenglisch nicht unublich war. Anfangs produ-zierte zweisprachige Selektion einen Reichtum von verschiedenen Lexemen und Lehniibersetzungen, Kodewechsel aber schloB typischerweise Hybridi-sierungen aus. Konvergenz erleichterte dann die Wiedererstarkung des Engli-schen. Einsprachige Sprecher dieser Kontaktsprache waren nicht in der Lage, vereinheimischte franzosische Worter von englischen auseinanderzuhalten, was Uberlagerungen und morphologischen Transfer erlaubte.