Thematische Bibliographien / District heating driven cooling

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „District heating driven cooling“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 29. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 4. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "District heating driven cooling"

Ahn, Joon, Jaeyool Kim und Byung Ha Kang. „Thermoeconomic Analysis of Hybrid Desiccant Cooling System Driven by District Heating“. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 38, Nr. 9 (01.09.2014): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2014.38.9.721.

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Pieper, Henrik, Torben Ommen, Brian Elmegaard, Anna Volkova und Wiebke Brix Markussen. „Optimal Design and Dispatch of Electrically Driven Heat Pumps and Chillers for a New Development Area“. Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, Nr. 3 (01.11.2020): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0117.

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AbstractLarge-scale heat pumps (HPs) and refrigeration plants are essential technologies to decarbonise the heating and cooling sector. District heating and cooling (DHC) can be supplied with low carbon footprint, if power generated from renewable energy sources is used. The simultaneous supply of DHC is often not considered in energy planning, nor the characteristics of the heat source and sink. Simplified approaches may not reveal the true potential of HPs and chillers. In this paper, different heat sources and sinks and their characteristics were considered for the simultaneous supply of DHC based on large-scale HPs and refrigeration plants. An optimization model was developed based on mixed-integer linear programming. The model is able to identify ideal production and storage capacities, heat sources and sinks based on realistic hourly operation profiles. By doing so, it is possible to identify the most economical or sustainable supply of DHC using electricity. The optimization model was applied to the Nordhavn area, a new development district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The results show that a combination of different heat sources and sinks is ideal for the case study. A HP that uses the district cooling network as a heat source to supply DHC was shown to be very efficient and economical. Groundwater and sewage water HPs were proposed for an economical supply of district heating. The Pareto frontier showed that a large reduction in annual CO2 emissions is possible for a relatively small increase in investments.

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Abstract Large-scale heat pumps (HPs) and refrigeration plants are essential technologies to decarbonise the heating and cooling sector. District heating and cooling (DHC) can be supplied with low carbon footprint, if power generated from renewable energy sources is used. The simultaneous supply of DHC is often not considered in energy planning, nor the characteristics of the heat source and sink. Simplified approaches may not reveal the true potential of HPs and chillers. In this paper, different heat sources and sinks and their characteristics were considered for the simultaneous supply of DHC based on large-scale HPs and refrigeration plants. An optimization model was developed based on mixed-integer linear programming. The model is able to identify ideal production and storage capacities, heat sources and sinks based on realistic hourly operation profiles. By doing so, it is possible to identify the most economical or sustainable supply of DHC using electricity. The optimization model was applied to the Nordhavn area, a new development district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The results show that a combination of different heat sources and sinks is ideal for the case study. A HP that uses the district cooling network as a heat source to supply DHC was shown to be very efficient and economical. Groundwater and sewage water HPs were proposed for an economical supply of district heating. The Pareto frontier showed that a large reduction in annual CO2 emissions is possible for a relatively small increase in investments.

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Simonsson, Johan, Khalid Tourkey Atta, Gerald Schweiger und Wolfgang Birk. „Experiences from City-Scale Simulation of Thermal Grids“. Resources 10, Nr. 2 (25.01.2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10020010.

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Dynamic simulation of district heating and cooling networks has an increased importance in the transition towards renewable energy sources and lower temperature district heating grids, as both temporal and spatial behavior need to be considered. Even though much research and development has been performed in the field, there are several pitfalls and challenges towards dynamic district heating and cooling simulation for everyday use. This article presents the experiences from developing and working with a city-scale simulator of a district heating grid located in Luleå, Sweden. The grid model in the case study is a physics based white-box model, while consumer models are either data-driven black-box or gray-box models. The control system and operator models replicate the manual and automatic operation of the combined heat and power plant. Using the functional mock-up interface standard, a co-simulation environment integrates all the models. Further, the validation of the simulator is discussed. Lessons learned from the project are presented along with future research directions, corresponding to identified gaps and challenges.

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Jobard, Xavier, Pierryves Padey, Martin Guillaume, Alexis Duret und Daniel Pahud. „Development and Testing of Novel Applications for Adsorption Heat Pumps and Chillers“. Energies 13, Nr. 3 (01.02.2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030615.

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This work aims at the development and the experimental characterization of new applications for adsorption heat pumps and chillers driven by industrial waste heat or renewable sources that can provide heating and/or cooling. Adsorption technologies offer the advantage of providing heating and cooling from low temperature sources below 100 °C without using refrigerant with high Global Warming Potential and with very low electricity consumption. Therefore, the technology enables the use of large untapped heat sources, increasing the energy efficiency of the heating and cooling sector with very limited impact on the environment. Several applications were investigated numerically for Switzerland using a simplified model of an adsorption heat pump. Four scenarios were identified as interesting: (1) the valorization of low-grade industrial waste heat in district heating networks, (2) energy efficiency improvement of district heating substations, (3) an autonomous adsorption heat pump with a wood pellets burner and (4) cooling applications. These scenarios were experimentally validated with a laboratory test of a commercial silica gel/water machine. Results show that there is a gap of up to 40% between the prediction of the simplified model and the experimental results. Therefore, there is huge potential to improve the performances of this commercial unit for these applications.

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Zhang, Qunli, Yue Wang, Xinchao Zhang, Mingshuang Wang und Gang Wang. „Techno-economic analysis of distributed absorption cooling system driven by a district heating system“. Energy Efficiency 13, Nr. 8 (21.09.2020): 1689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09903-2.

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Roselli, Carlo, Elisa Marrasso und Maurizio Sasso. „Gas Engine-Driven Heat Pumps for Small-Scale Applications: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives“. Energies 14, Nr. 16 (09.08.2021): 4845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164845.

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Gas engine-driven heat pumps are an interesting option to satisfy space heating and cooling demands aiming at energy saving, environmental impact and operating costs’ reduction. This work presents (i) a comprehensive review updated on gas engine-driven heat pumps research activities, (ii) the investigation of the central role of this technology in the air conditioning sector and (iii) the future perspectives regarding gas engine heat pumps’ diffusion in the context of the energy sector decarbonisation. The outcomes highlight that gas engine heat pumps could have better environmental performance compared to electric heat pumps both in heating and cooling operations. Moreover, they could play a pivotal role in the fight against climate change and energy security since they can guarantee an energy mix differentiation moving from electricity to natural gas and renewable gases’ usage. Indeed, by 2030, a lower-carbon gas grid could be supported by renewable gases. A further investigation has concerned diffusion of gas heat pumps activated from biofuels produced by local biomass in an energy community scenario based on a low-temperature energy district network. A novel biomass-based GEHP interacting with a low-temperature district heating network is proposed here. This system could save more than 30% of primary energy compared to biomass-fuelled boilers.

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Rokni, Marvin M. „Power to Hydrogen Through Polygeneration Systems Based on Solid Oxide Cell Systems“. Energies 12, Nr. 24 (16.12.2019): 4793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244793.

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This study presents the design and analysis of a novel plant based on reversible solid oxide cells driven by wind turbines and integrated with district heating, absorption chillers and water distillation. The main goal is produce hydrogen from excess electricity generated by the wind turbines. The proposed design recovers the waste heat to generate cooling, freshwater and heating. The different plant designs proposed here make it possible to alter the production depending on the demand. Further, the study uses solar energy to generate steam and regulate the heat production for the district heating. The study shows that the plant is able to produce hydrogen at a rate of about 2200 kg/day and the hydrogen production efficiency of the plant reaches about 39%. The total plant efficiency (energy efficiency) will be close to 47% when heat, cool and freshwater are accounted for. Neglecting the heat input through solar energy to the system, then hydrogen production efficiency will be about 74% and the total plant efficiency will be about 100%. In addition, the study analyses the plant performance versus wind velocity in terms of heating, cooling and freshwater generation.

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Buffa, Simone, Anton Soppelsa, Mauro Pipiciello, Gregor Henze und Roberto Fedrizzi. „Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Substations: Demand Response with Artificial Neural Network-Based Model Predictive Control“. Energies 13, Nr. 17 (21.08.2020): 4339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174339.

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District heating and cooling (DHC) is considered one of the most sustainable technologies to meet the heating and cooling demands of buildings in urban areas. The fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) concept, often referred to as ambient loops, is a novel solution emerging in Europe and has become a widely discussed topic in current energy system research. 5GDHC systems operate at a temperature close to the ground and include electrically driven heat pumps and associated thermal energy storage in a building-sited energy transfer station (ETS) to satisfy user comfort. This work presents new strategies for improving the operation of these energy transfer stations by means of a model predictive control (MPC) method based on recurrent artificial neural networks. The results show that, under simple time-of-use utility rates, the advanced controller outperforms a rule-based controller for smart charging of the domestic hot water (DHW) thermal energy storage under specific boundary conditions. By exploiting the available thermal energy storage capacity, the MPC controller is capable of shifting up to 14% of the electricity consumption of the ETS from on-peak to off-peak hours. Therefore, the advanced control implemented in 5GDHC networks promotes coupling between the thermal and the electric sector, producing flexibility on the electric grid.

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Halon, Tomasz, Ewa Pelinska-Olko, Malgorzata Szyc und Bartosz Zajaczkowski. „Predicting Performance of a District Heat Powered Adsorption Chiller by Means of an Artificial Neural Network“. Energies 12, Nr. 17 (29.08.2019): 3328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173328.

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In this paper, the feasibility of a multi-layer artificial neural network to predict both the cooling capacity and the COP of an adsorption chiller working in a real pilot plant is presented. The ANN was trained to accurately predict the performance of the device using data acquired over several years of operation. The number of neurons used by the ANN should be selected individually depending on the size of the training base. The optimal number of datasets in a training base is suggested to be 35. The predicted cooling capacity curves for a given adsorption chiller driven by the district heating are presented. Predictions of the artificial neural network used show good correlation with experimental results, with the mean relative deviation as low as 1.36%. The character of the cooling capacity curve is physically accurate, and during normal operation for cooling capacities ≥8 kW, the errors rarely exceed 1%.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "District heating driven cooling"

Yuwardi, Yuwardi. „Absorption cooling in district heating network: Temperature difference examination in hot water circuit“. Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125068.

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Absorption cooling system driven by district heating network is relized as a smart strategy in Sweden. During summer time when the heating demand is low, the excessive hot water can be directly sold to drive absorption chillers instead of decreasing its production. In addition, this is also one answer to satisfy the cooling demand in more environmentally way since currently only around 26% of cooling demand in Sweden is satisfied by district cooling, the rest is fulfilled by individual air conditioning. Realizing this potential, the purpose of this study is to examine the returning hot water temperature in the district heating network with supply temperature of 70°C and also the effect to the absorption chiller’s COP. Through the simulation result, it is found out that the lowest possible returning water temperature is 55 °C at COP 0,69 with heat rejection (re-cooling) temperature water at 22 °C. This implies that the desired returning hot water temperature of 47 °C cannot be achieved. The lower returning hot water temperature is preferable since it gives the district heating network benefit in term of less distribution pump work, and energy recovery for the condensation process at central heating plant.

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Strömqvist, Bodil. „Fjärrvärmedriven Absorptionskyla : En ekonomisk undersökning av olika spetslösningar“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42412.

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This independent degree project has been implemented on behalf of FVB Sverige AB in collaboration Sundsvall Energi AB with the initial purpose of mapping manufacturers of hot water driven absorption chillers. After that, several technical solutions are examined to manage the peak load of a theoretical object which cannot produce the cooling power required with only an absorptions chiller, due to limitations in the district heating supply. The market study has shown that the supply of absorption chillers with drive temperatures of 70–90˚C is limited to a few manufacturers. World Energy offers a unit with drive temperatures of 70 ˚C and efficiency (COP) of 0,4. Due to limitations of district heating flow, a unit with drive temperature of 85 ˚C and efficiency of 0,77 is chosen. The technical solutions are dimensioned for a building with a peak power of 264 kilowatt, where the required peak load ranges from 31 to 39 kilowatt. The technical solutions examined are a solar collector system, tap water heat exchanger, and a conventional compressor driven chiller. The solar collectors are dependent on location but use no refrigerants that are affected by the F-gas regulation. The tap water solution consumes large flows of tap water, but the installation is simple. The conventional chiller is not location dependent but uses ozone degrading refrigerants and has a high cost of operation. From an economic perspective the technical solutions are equally profitable with a present net value of approximately 500 000 SEK and pay-back of 13 years. The examination has also shown that the present value is one million crowns in sales of heat and building after a ten-year period. In conclusion the conventional chiller has the biggest prerequisites to be used as a standardised solution for buildings with a bigger cooling load. Based on the technical and economical conditions.

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Udomsri, Seksan. „Combined Electricity Production and Thermally Driven Cooling from Municipal Solid Waste“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32117.

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Increasingly intensive efforts are being made to enhance energy systems via augmented introduction of renewable energy along with improved energy efficiency. Resource constraints and sustained high fossil fuel prices have created a new phenomenon in the world market. Enhanced energy security and renewable energy development are currently high on public agenda worldwide for achieving a high standard of welfare for future generations. Biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) have widely been accepted as important locally-available renewable energy sources offering low carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Concerning solid waste management, it has become a critical issue in Southeast Asia since the most popular form for waste disposal still employs open dumping and landfilling. While the need for a complete sustainable energy solution is apparent, solid waste management is also an essential objective, so it makes sense to explore ways in which the two can be joined. Electricity production in combination with energy recovery from flue gases in thermal treatment plants is an integral part of MSW management for many industrialized nations. In Sweden, MSW is considered as an important fuel resource for partially meeting EU environmental targets within cogeneration. However it is normally difficult to justify traditional cogeneration in tropical locations since there is little need for the heat produced. Similarly, MSW-fired cogeneration usually operates with low capacity during non-heating season in Sweden. Therefore, it is very important to find new alternatives for energy applications from waste, such as the implementation of thermally driven cooling processes via absorption cooling in addition to electricity production. The work presented herein concentrates first on an investigation of electricity generation from MSW power plants and various energy applications from waste in tropical urban areas. The potential for various types of absorption chillers driven by MSW power plants for providing both electricity and cooling is of particular interest. Additionally a demonstration and analysis of decentralized thermally driven cooling in district heating network supplied by low temperature heat from a cogeneration of MSW have been conducted. This study aims at developing the best system configuration as well as finding improved system design and control for a combination of district heating and distributed thermally driven cooling. Results show that MSW incineration has the ability to lessen environmental impacts associated with waste disposal, and it can contribute positively towards expanding biomass-based energy production in Southeast Asia. For electricity production, the proposed hybrid dual-fuel (MSW/natural gas) cycles feature attractive electrical efficiency improvements, leading to greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Cogeneration coupled with thermally driven cooling is a solution that holds promise for uniting enhanced sustainability with economic advantages. The system offers great opportunity for primary energy saving, increasing electrical yield and can significantly reduce CO2 emissions per unit of cooling as compared to compression chiller. The demonstration and simulation have also revealed that there is a potential with some modifications and improvements to employ decentralized thermally driven cooling in district heating networks even in temperate regions like Sweden. Thus, expanding cogeneration towards trigeneration can augment the energy supply for summer months in Europe and for year-round cooling in tropical locations.
QC 20110408

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Markowicz, Catarina. „Analysis of Cooling Capability in Polish District Heating Substations“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173144.

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For a district heating company it is of importance to have an efficient and well performing system. A central part in the work to lower temperature levels in district heating networks is to acknowledge and improve cooling capability in substations. The aim of this thesis is to analyse substations in Polish district heating systems in order to identify reasons of poor cooling and to present suggestions of implementable measures. Furthermore, the economical saving potential from an improved cooling is evaluated. The analysis was carried out for two of the five Polish companies included in this report; Sydkraft EC Slupsk and MEC Koszalin. It was followed by two scenarios created for evaluation of improvement possibilities based on calculated financial savings from reduction of distribution heat losses and distribution pumping. The results show that there are significant improvement possibilities. From the carried out scenarios a saving potential between 15 000 to 20 000 PLN/substation is possible to achieve for selected worst substations, if their individual annual average cooling is set to 30°C. The analysis further shows that causes of poor cooling in substations are highly individual but points out that customer owned substations are represented in the majority of worst substations.

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VILAFRANCA, MANGUÁN ANA. „Convesion of industrial compression cooling to absorption cooling in an integrated district heating and cooling system“. Thesis, University of Gävle, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4145.

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Astra Zeneca plant in Gärtuna has many compression cooling machines for comfort that consume about 11.7 GWh of electricity per year. Many of the cooling machines are old; due to the increase of production of the plant, cooling capacity was limited and new machines have been built. Now, the cooling capacity is over-sized. Söderenergi is the district heating plant that supplies heating to Astra Zeneca plant. Due to the strict environmental policy in the energy plant, last year, a bio-fuelled CHP plant was built. It is awarded with the electricity certificate system.

The study investigates the possibility for converting some of the compression cooling to absorption cooling and then analyzes the effects of the district heating system through MODEST optimizations. The effects of the analysis are studied in a system composed by the district heating system in Södertälje and cooling system in Astra Zeneca. In the current system the district heating production is from boiler and compression system supplies cooling to Astra Zeneca. The future system includes a CHP plant for the heating production, and compression system is converted to absorption system in Astra Zeneca. Four effects are analyzed in the system: optimal distribution of the district heating production with the plants available, saving fuel, environmental impact and total cost. The environmental impact has been analyzed considering the marginal electricity from coal condensing plants. The total cost is divided in two parts: production cost, in which district heating cost, purchase of electricity and Emissions Trading cost are included, and investment costs. The progressive changes are introduced in the system as four different scenarios.

The introduction of the absorption machines in the system with the current district heating production increases the total cost due to the low electricity price in Sweden. The introduction of the CHP plant in the district heating production supposes a profit of the production cost with compression system due to the high income of the electricity produced that is sold to the grid; it profit increases when compression is replaced by absorption system. The fuel used in the production of the future system decreases and also the emissions. Then, the future system becomes an opportunity from an environmental and economical point of view. At higher purchase electricity prices predicted in the open electricity market for an immediately future, the future system will become more economically advantageous.

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Chou, Lu-chien. „Drag reducing cationic surfactant solutions for district heating and cooling systems /“. The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487758178238587.

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Al-Ansary, Hany A. M. „Investigation and improvement of ejector-driven heating and refrigeration systems“. Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131032/unrestricted/al-ansary%5Fhany%5Fa%5Fm%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.

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Kamal, Majd. „Potential for low temperature district heating system : Integrating 4th generation district heating system with existing technology“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35816.

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This project presents a feasibility study and an investigation of the potential for low temperature district heating system in Västerås. The investigation treats integrations possibilities for 4GDH (4th Generation District Heating) in Kungsängens area in Västerås, which is undergoing a large-scale building-up and construction. The study is conducted for the company Mälarenergi AB. The advantages of 4GDH technology are identified and analyzed, where energy effectiveness and economic benefits aspects were concluded. Problems with existing technology and higher cooling demand expectations drive 4GDH to be an interesting and necessary technology in the future. Four Different integration solutions between old and new networks are presented, analyzed and discussed. Quantitative analysis conducted where initial cost for the four technical solutions were estimated and compared. The results show that low temperature district heating could lead to reduction in the initial cost for the network by using PEX instead of steel as pipe material. The results show also that one solution using heat exchanger as exchange stations has the lowest cost between the four solutions. The results show that the cost for the retention flow that is linked with 4GDH stands for 20%-30% of the total cost. The importance of the retention flow pipe is investigated using two physical models in OpenModelica and Excel, where simulations were conducted. It is concluded that it is possible to provide Kungsängen area with low temperature district heating without having the retention flow pipe. Three parameters were identified to be critical which are, geographical placement of the consumers, pattern variation for the heat demand and heat systems installed inside consumer’s buildings. The results show also that it might be critical to have a variate and optimized supply temperature for the area, depending on the demand. The simulations of a fictive area that could present a future heat demand for Kungsängen area shows that a temperature of 55°C is satisfying during winter season where the demand is high and a temperature between 60-65°C must be available during spring/autumn seasons and specially during summer. The variation depends directly on the temperature drop through the supply pipes to the consumers. The temperature drop is directly linked with water velocity inside the pipes. The losses increase during summer nights when the heat demand is low which lead to low water velocities.

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Woldemariam, Daniel Minilu. „District Heating-driven Membrane Distillation for Water Purification in Industrial Applications“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207627.

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Domestic and industrial water demands are growing globally due to population growth and rapid economic development, placing increasing strains on water resources. Wastewater effluents generated from these and other activities impact the environment and are thus subject to tightening regulation. The focus of research and development in water treatment processes aims at both pollutant removal efficiency and cost of purification. Membrane distillation (MD) is a developing thermally driven technology capable of achieving extremely high environmental performance utilizing renewable energy sources to a high degree. District heating networks, and in particular those driven by biomass, represent an ideal heat supply for MD systems. This thesis presents a technoeconomic assessment of district heating driven MD for water purification in selected industrial applications. The study covers analysis of MD separation performance and the related costs from different district heating integration scenarios. The analyses are based on three types of semi-commercial MD modules, with experiments conducted at laboratory and pilot scales. The case studies include pharmaceutical residue removal from effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plant, wastewater purification in pharmaceutical industry, and ethanol concentration in bioethanol production plant. Full-scale simulation studies were carried out for the identified case studies based on the experimental data obtained from MD module along with process information gathered from the industries. Results from the pharmaceutical residue removal pilot trials showed very good to excellent separation efficiency for 37 compounds at feed concentrations ranging from ng/L to mg/L. From alcohol-water feeds, ethanol concentrations were increased from 5% to nearly 90%. Simulation studies revealed that district heating integration of MD systems is feasible. Costs per unit volume of purified water are higher than competing technologies, however the configurations enable enhanced environmental performance that would be difficult to achieve otherwise.
Kommunala och industriella vattenkrav växer globalt på grund av befolkningstillväxt och snabb ekonomisk utveckling, vilket ökar belastningen på vattenresurserna. Avloppsvatten från alla verk-samheter påverkar miljön och är därmed föremål för tilltagande reglering. Fokus i forskning och utveckling av vattenreningsprocesser syftar till att både öka effektiviteten i avlägsnandet av föroreningarna och att minska kostnaderna för detta. Membrandestillation (MD) är en ny termiskt driven teknik som kan uppnå extremt hög miljö-prestanda genom att den är effektiv och i hög grad kan drivas av förnybara energikällor. Fjärrvärmesystem, särskilt de som drivs av biomassa, utgör en idealisk värmeförsörjning för ett MD-system. Avhandlingen presenterar en teknoekonomisk bedömning av fjärrvärmedriven MD för vattenrening i utvalda industriella applikationer. Studien analyserar MD-systemets separations-prestanda och kostnader i olika fjärrvärmeintegrationsscenarier. Analyserna baseras på tre typer av semi-kommersiella MD-moduler, med experiment utförda på laboratorie- och pilotskala. Fallstudierna innefattar: borttagning av läkemedelsrester från avloppsvatten från kommunalt avloppsreningsverk; avloppsvattenrening i läkemedels-industrin; och uppkoncentrering i bioetanolproduktionsanläggning. Fullskaliga simuleringsstudier har utförts för fallstudierna baserat på experimentella data erhållna från MD-modulen och med processinformation som samlats in från industrin. Resultaten från försöken med läkemedelsrester visade mycket god till utmärkt separationseffektivitet för 37 föreningar vid förorenings-koncentrationer som sträckte sig från ng/liter till mg/liter. Vid uppkoncentrering av alkohol ökades etanolhalten från 5 % till nära 90 %. Simuleringsstudier visade att fjärrvärmeintegration av MD-system är möjlig. Kostnader per volym renat vatten är högre än konkurrerande teknik, men konfigurationerna möjliggör förbättrad miljöprestanda som skulle vara svår att uppnå på annat sätt.

This doctoral research has been carried out in the context of an agreement on joint doctoral research supervision between KTH Royal Institute of Technology, (Stockholm, Sweden), and Politecnico di Torino − PoliTo, (Turin, Italy). Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate, SELECT+ (Environomical pathways for sustainable energy services) program. QC 20170523

SLECT+ Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctoral Program

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Djuric, Ilic Danica. „With district heating toward a sustainable future : System studies of district heating and cooling that interact with power, transport and industrial sectors“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106899.

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The aim of this thesis is to identify measures which should be taken in DH systems (DHSs) in order to contribute to the development of the DHSs and other energy systems (especially transport, industrial and power sectors) toward sustainability. Four business strategies were analysed: delivering excess heat from biofuel production industry to DHSs, conversion of industrial processes to DH, integration of biofuel production in DHSs and integration of DHdriven absorption cooling technology in DHSs. Delivering excess heat from biofuel production industry to DHSs was analysed with a focus on the biofuel production costs for four biofuel production technologies. Integration of biofuel production and integration of DH-driven absorption cooling technology in DHSs were analysed with a focus on Stockholm’s DHS, using an optimisation model framework called MODEST. When the conversion of industrial processes to DH was analysed, DHSs and industrial companies in Västra Götaland, Östergötland and Jönköping counties were used as case studies; a method for heat load analysis called MeHLA was used to analyse the effects on the local DHSs. The results showed that when considering biomass an unlimited resource, by applying the abovementioned business strategies DH has a potential to reduce global fossil fuel consumption and global GHG emissions associated with power, industrial and transport sectors. DH producers may contribute to the sustainable development of the transport sector by buying excess heat from the biofuel production industry. This business strategy results in lower biofuel production costs, which promotes development of biofuel production technologies that are not yet commercial. Moreover, introduction of large-scale biofuel production into local DHSs enables development of local biofuel supply chains; this may facilitate the introduction of biofuel in the local transport sectors and subsequently decrease gasoline and fossil diesel use. Conversion of industrial processes from fossil fuels and electricity to DH is a business strategy which would make the industry less dependent on fossil fuels and fossil fuelbased electricity. DH may also contribute to the sustainable development of the industry by buying waste heat from industrial processes, since this strategy increases the total energy efficiency of the industrial processes and reduces production costs. Furthermore, DH has a possibility to reduce fossil fuel consumption and subsequently GHG emissions in the power sector by producing electricity in biomass- or waste-fuelled CHP plants. When the marginal electricity is associated with high GHG emissions (e.g. when it is produced in coal-fired condensing power (CCP)) plants, the reduction of the marginal electricity production (due to the conversion of industrial processes from electricity to DH and due to the conversion of compression cooling to DHdriven absorption cooling) results in higher environmental benefits. On the other hand, the introduction of biofuel production into DHSs becomes less attractive from an environmental viewpoint, because the investments in biofuel production instead of in CHP production lead to lower electricity production in the DHSs. The increased DH use in industry and introduction of the biofuel production and DH-driven absorption cooling production into the DHSs lead to increased biomass use in the DHSs. Because of this, if biomass is considered a limited resource, the environmental benefits of applying these business strategies are lower or non-existent.
Syftet med denna avhandling är att identifiera åtgärder som bör vidtas i FJV-system (FJVS) för att bidra till en hållbar utveckling av FJV och andra relaterade energisystem som transport, industri- och energisektorn. Fyra affärsstrategier är analyserade: att leverera överskottsvärme från produktion av biobränsle för transportsektorn, konvertering av industriella processer till FJV, integration av biobränsleproduktion för transportsektorn i FJVS och integration av FJV-driven absorptionskylteknik i FJVS. Att leverera överskottsvärme från produktion av biobränsle till transportsektorn analyserades med fokus på kostnader för fyra olika produktionstekniker. Integration av biobränsleproduktion till transportsektorn och integration av FJV-driven absorptionskylteknik i FJVS analyserades på Stockholms FJVS med optimeringsmodellen MODEST. När konvertering av industriella processer till FJV analyserades, användes FJVS och industriföretag i Västra Götaland, Östergötlands och Jönköpings län som fallstudier. Metoden MeHLA som används för analys av värmebelastning tillämpades för att analysera effekterna på de lokala FJVS. Resultaten från studierna visar att när biomassa anses vara en obegränsad resurs har FJV en potential att minska den globala konsumtionen av fossila bränslen och de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser som förknippas med transport-, industri- och energisektorn, for samtliga analyserade affärsstrategierna. FJV producenter kan bidra till en hållbar utveckling av transportsektorn genom användningen av överskottsvärme från produktion av transportbiobränsle. Den analyserade affärsstrategin ger lägre produktionskostnader för transportbiobränsle vilket främjar utvecklingen av produktionsteknik som ännu inte är kommersiell. Dessutom möjliggörs utveckling av lokala försörjningskedjor av transportbiobränsle på grund av den storskaliga produktionen av transportbiobränsle i lokala FJVS. Detta kan sedan underlätta införandet av transportbiobränsle i lokala transporter och även minska användningen av bensin och fossil diesel. Konvertering av industriella processer från fossila bränslen och el till FJV är en affärsstrategi som skulle göra FJV-branschen mindre beroende av fossila bränslen. Att använda spillvärme från industriprocesser ökar den totala energieffektiviteten i de industriella processerna och minskar produktionskostnaderna. Genom att dessutom öka FJV-användningen inom industriella produktionsprocesser och genom att konvertera eldriven kompressionskyla till FJV driven komfortabsorptionskyla, minskar säsongsvariationerna av FJV lasten, vilket leder till ett bättre utnyttjande av produktionsanläggningar för FJV. Om produktionsanläggningarna för baslast i FJVS är kraftvärmeverk, leder dessa två affärsstrategier till en ökad elproduktion i FJVS. När marginalproducerad el förknippas med höga utsläpp av växthusgaser (t.ex. när det produceras i koleldade kondenskraftverk), resulterar en minskning av den marginella elproduktionen (på grund av konvertering av industriella processer från el till FJV och på grund av konvertering eldriven kompressionskyla till FJV-driven absorptionkyla) i minskade globala emissioner av växthusgas. Om man däremot tittar på införandet av produktion av transportbiobränsle i FJVS är denna affärsstrategi mindre attraktiv ur ett miljöperspektiv. Orsaken till detta är att investering i produktion av transportbiobränsle istället för i kraftvärmeproduktion, leder till minskad elproduktion i FJVS. Den ökade FJV-användningen inom industrin och införandet av produktion av biobränsle för transportsektorn och FJV driven absorptionskylproduktion i FJVS leder till en ökad användning av biomassa i FJVS. När biomassa anses vara en begränsad resurs, är de miljömässiga fördelarna med att tillämpa dessa affärsstrategier relativt låga eller till och med obefintliga.

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Bücher zum Thema "District heating driven cooling"

Colmenar-Santos, Antonio, David Borge-Díez und Enrique Rosales-Asensio. District Heating and Cooling Networks in the European Union. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57952-8.

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District Heating and Cooling Program (U.S.). The Department of Energy: District Heating and Cooling Program ; a decade (1982-1992) of accomplishments. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Program, 1992.

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(Firm), VBB Allen. Feasibility of energy recovery for heat pump-assisted district heating & cooling from the Metro Renton wastewater treatment plant and effluent transfer system: Phase 2 report. Salem, Or: VBB Allen, 1986.

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Bejan, Adrian, und Giuseppe Grazzini, Hrsg. Shape and Thermodynamics. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-836-9.

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Shape and Thermodynamics is a two-day international Workshop focused on the Constructal Theory of generation of configuration in nature and engineering. From the early developments related to tree configurations for the cooling of electronics, today Constructal theory is being applied to conceptual design of transportation net-works, river basins, living bodies, building materials and many other flow systems. Constructal theory is also enriching thermo-dynamics, from basic theory to design and optimization. This theory approaches design "as science", with the generation of configuration regarded as a phenomenon of all physics, based on principle (the Constructal law). For example, Constructal Theory contributes to the evolution of fuel cells, in the design of cooling channels, the optimal feeding of reactants, etc. Important applications are also found in the design of heat exchangers, district heating networks, etc. The growing scientific literature on Constructal Theory has an important Italian component, although further dissemination is timely. Moreover, the relation with other thermodynamic research areas deserves to be explored. Website: Shape and Thermodinamics

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District Heating and Cooling Networks. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03928-840-3.

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Lincoln installs district heating/cooling system. [Golden, Colo.?]: Western Area Power Administration, 1990.

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Corporation, Joseph Technology, und New York State Energy Research and Development Authority., Hrsg. District heating, cooling, and cogeneration: Technology assessment. Albany, N.Y: The Authority, 1997.

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Advanced District Heating and Cooling (DHC) Systems. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-01422-0.

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Wiltshire, Robin. Advanced District Heating and Cooling (DHC) Systems. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2015.

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District Heating and Cooling in the United States. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/263.

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Buchteile zum Thema "District heating driven cooling"

Shah, Yatish T. „HESs for Carbon-Free District Heating and Cooling“. In Hybrid Energy Systems, 71–127. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003159421-3.

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Colmenar-Santos, Antonio, David Borge-Díez und Enrique Rosales-Asensio. „Introduction“. In District Heating and Cooling Networks in the European Union, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57952-8_1.

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Colmenar-Santos, Antonio, David Borge-Díez und Enrique Rosales-Asensio. „District Heating and Cogeneration in the EU-28: Current Situation, Potential and Proposed Energy Strategy for Its Generalisation“. In District Heating and Cooling Networks in the European Union, 7–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57952-8_2.

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Colmenar-Santos, Antonio, David Borge-Díez und Enrique Rosales-Asensio. „Cogeneration and District Heating Networks: Measures to Remove Institutional and Financial Barriers that Restrict Their Joint Use in the EU-28“. In District Heating and Cooling Networks in the European Union, 31–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57952-8_3.

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Colmenar-Santos, Antonio, David Borge-Díez und Enrique Rosales-Asensio. „Reconciliation of Social Discount Rate and Private Finance Initiative: Application to District Heating Networks in the EU-28“. In District Heating and Cooling Networks in the European Union, 55–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57952-8_4.

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Colmenar-Santos, Antonio, David Borge-Díez und Enrique Rosales-Asensio. „Evaluation of the Cost of Using Power Plant Reject Heat in Low-Temperature District Heating and Cooling Networks“. In District Heating and Cooling Networks in the European Union, 71–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57952-8_5.

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Kim, Shin Do, Im Hack Lee und Sung Moon Cheon. „The Calculation Method of Heating and Cooling Energy Saving Potential in Urban District“. In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2010, 182–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12156-2_14.

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Raczyński, Maciej, Artur Wyrwa, Marcin Pluta und Wojciech Suwała. „Optimal Energy Portfolios in the Heating Sector and Flexibility Potentials of Combined-Heat-Power Plants and District Heating Systems“. In The Future European Energy System, 219–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60914-6_12.

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AbstractThis chapter examines the role of centralized district heating (DH) systems in context of energy system flexibility and decarbonization. The analysis is performed by applying the model TIMES-Heat-EU. Capacity expansion and operation of the district heating generation units is mainly driven by the evolution of the district heating demand, which varies between the REFLEX scenarios. In all scenarios fuel and technology switches toward bioenergy and natural gas leading to CO2 emission reduction. Since the total amount of energy produced (both heat and electricity) is the highest in the High-RES centralized scenario, the corresponding CO2 emissions for district heating are the highest as well. The CO2 emissions can be reduced by ⁓60% in 2050 compared to 2015. Furthermore, the role of thermal energy storage and power-to-heat technologies is examined.

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Shu, Haiwen, Hongbin Wang, Lin Duanmu und Xiangli Li. „Factor Analysis for Evaluating Energy-Saving Potential of Electric-Driven Seawater Source Heat Pump District Heating System Over Boiler House District Heating System“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 93–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39581-9_10.

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Xu, Zhenyuan. „Solar- or Gas-Driven Absorption System for Cooling and Heating in a Hotel“. In Handbook of Energy Systems in Green Buildings, 1795–809. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49120-1_16.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "District heating driven cooling"

Colella, Whitney G. „Optimizing Operation of Stationary Fuel Cell Systems (FCS) Within District Cooling and Heating Networks“. In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33134.

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We evaluate innovative design, installation, and control strategies for generating combined cooling, heating, and electric power (CCHP) with fuel cell systems (FCS). The addition of an absorptive cooling cycle allows unrecovered FCS heat to be converted into cooling power, such as for air-conditioning. For example, unrecovered low temperature (80–160°C) heat can be used to drive absorption chillers to create a chilled water stream to cool building spaces. Compared with separate devices that individually generate electricity, heat, and cooling power, such CCHP FCS can reduce feedstock fuel consumption and the resulting greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by at least 30%. We develop economic and environmental models that optimize the installed capacity of CCHP FCS to minimize either global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions or global energy costs. Our models evaluate innovative engineering design, installation, and control strategies not commonly pursued by industry, and identify strategies most beneficial for reducing CO2 emissions or costs. Our models minimize costs for building owners consuming cooling power, electricity, and heat by changing the installed capacity of the FCS and by changing FCS operating strategies. Our models optimize for a particular location, climatic region, building load curve set, FCS type, and competitive environment. Our models evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of pursuing more innovative FCS operating strategies; these include 1) connecting FCS to distribution networks for cooling power, heat, and electricity; 2) implementing a variable heat-to-power ratio, to intentionally produce additional heat to meet higher heat demands; 3) designing in the ability to tune the quantity of cooling power from the absorption chiller compared with the amount of recoverable heat from the FCS; and 4) employing the ability to load-follow demand for cooling, heat, or electricity. We base our datum design conditions on measured data describing generator performance in-use, and on measured data describing real-time electricity, heating, and cooling demand over time. A unique feature of our data sets is that the space cooling demand is directly measured and distinguishable from electricity demand (unlike as with standard air conditioning systems). We report results for optimal installed capacities and optimal FCS operating strategies. We generalize these results so that they are applicable to a wide-range of environments throughout the world.

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Petrov, Andrei Y., Jeanette B. Berry und Abdolreza Zaltash. „Commercial Integrated Energy Systems Provide Data That Advance Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power“. In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14932.

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The Department of Energy (DOE), though Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has worked in partnership with industry to develop highly-efficient Integrated Energy Systems (IES) that provide combined cooling, heating, and power (CHP). Equipment configurations and performance have been optimized and system construction has been simplified, resulting in lower design and installation costs. Consequently, government-industry partnerships are achieving the goal of promoting replication of these advanced systems. This paper describes and presents data collected during the operation of on-site power generation systems developed and implemented by DOE/ORNL-industry teams: (1) Burns & McDonnell and (2) Honeywell Labs. The Burns & McDonnell IES is operated by Austin Energy, the municipal utility in Austin, Texas. The gas turbine produces 4.5-MW of electricity, and its exhaust drives a 2,500-ton absorption chiller. The featured project implements a modular system design that is being used to construct a medical district utility at Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas-another government-industry project carried out in partnership with Austin Energy. The Honeywell IES at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina, is anchored by 5.7-MW natural-gas turbine that uses turbine exhaust to drive a 1,000-ton absorption chiller and/or an 80,000-lb/h heat recovery steam generator. An optimization software program provides system operators with hour-by-hour information on system costs associated with various operating scenarios. The project developed reference designs for 1.2-5.7 MW turbine-based systems to better communicate options for system design and facilitate feasibility studies. These systems demonstrate the thermal and economic value of "waste heat" by providing space heating and/or cooling with no additional fuel use. Field data confirms that the fuel use efficiency of these combined cooling, heating and power systems approaches 80% based on the higher heating value (HHV) of natural gas.

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Audivet Durán, Cinthia, und Marco E. Sanjuán. „On-Line Early Fault Detection of a Centrifugal Chiller Based on Data Driven Approach“. In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59291.

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A district cooling system (DCS) is a system that distributes thermal energy through chilled water from a central source to residential, commercial, or industrial consumers, designated to air conditioning purposes. It is one of the most important part of a heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems (HVAC), because a DCS is composed of: Cooling towers, central chiller plant, water distribution systems and clusters of consumer buildings. This research is focused on the central chiller plant, due to it accounts for a substantial portion of the total energy consume of DCS and HVAC systems. The performance of central chiller plant is often affected by multiple faults which could be caused during installation or developed in routine operation. These non-optimal conditions and faults may cause 20–30% waste of energy consumption of HVAC&R systems. Automated fault detection and diagnosis (AFDD) tools have potential to detect an incipient fault and help to reduce undesirable conditions and energy consumption, and optimize the facility maintenance. We propose an online data driven fault detection strategy for district cooling system. The main objective is to develop an automated fault detection tool based on historical process data, which can be applied in transient operation. The proposed hybrid strategy is based on unsupervised and supervised learning techniques, and multivariate statistic techniques. Its aim is to identify the operating states of the chiller and evaluate the fault occurrence depending of its current operating state. This strategy uses the K-means clustering method, Naive Bayes classifier and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The developed strategy was evaluated using the performance data of a 90-ton water-cooled centrifugal chiller (ASHRAE RP-1043) and also evaluated using a dynamic model of a chiller (Simscape™.) under similar conditions. The results show the advantages of novel early fault detection technique compared to Conventional PCA method in terms of sensitivity to faults occurrence and reduction of missed detection rate.

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McNally, Jordan, Christopher Baldwin und Cynthia A. Cruickshank. „Using Adsorption Cooling and Thermal Solar Collection for Residential Cooling Applications in Canada“. In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87246.

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An adsorption chiller is a type of chiller that uses heat input as the driving force for chemical compression of a refrigerant and provides cooling with low electrical consumption. An experimental setup was designed, instrumented, and constructed to meet constant inlet temperature and flow rate requirements for the commercially available adsorption chiller unit tested. Two types of tests were conducted, one with a constant hot water temperature which represents a district style heating system and another with a varying hot water temperature, representing a system using flat plate solar collectors. Numerous tests were run with constant inlet temperatures across the complete operating range of the chiller and at varying flow rates for each of the three main inputs. It was determined that variations in temperature had a much more significant impact on the performance of the chiller, compared to the variations in flow rate, which were almost negligible within tested range. Dynamic inlet temperature tests were run using the modified system which uses data from a weather file to simulate a system using flat plate solar collectors and vary the hot water inlet temperature to the system. The results showed that when the average hot water inlet temperature is lower than 60°C and higher than 75°C, the difference in performance between constant inlet temperature and dynamic inlet temperature tests was very small. However, the cooling capacity at 75°C was about 4 kWth greater than at 60°C. Majority of the test produced a thermal COP between 0.45 and 0.50. Therefore, based off the solar collector system’s capacity to maintain a suitable average hot water temperature, the cooling performance of the chiller can be deemed suitable for residential applications.

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Saidi, Karim, Ulrich Orth, Sven Boje und Christian Frekers. „A Comparative Study of Combined Heat and Power Systems for a Typical Food Industry Application“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26234.

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In the food industry, there is typically a requirement for electric power, process steam as well as cooling capability. Based on actual requirements of a specific site, a study was performed to define two different Combined Heat and Power (CHP) options and to compare them over a one year period regarding the extent to which they satisfy the operator’s needs. CHP is defined as the sequential generation of two different forms of usable energy from a single fuel source. It is mechanical energy and thermal energy. The mechanical energy may be used either to drive a generator to produce electricity, or to drive rotating equipment such as a compressor. Thermal energy can be used either directly for process applications or indirectly to produce steam, hot water (district heating), or chilled water for cooling purposes. Combined Heat and Power technologies are proven, reliable and cost-effective. MAN can offer different CHP concepts adapted to specific customer requirements. This paper presents the results of a comparative study based on the typical requirements of the food industry. The CHP system has to cover the demand for power, saturated steam at two pressure levels, and cooling. Two different CHP options were studied and compared regarding technical and economic considerations. The first system proposed is based on a MAN’s gas turbine (model: THM1304-10N) in the 10 MW class, a Waste Heat Recovery Unit for steam production and one Absorption Chiller (ammonia/water) for cooling process. A share of the steam produced is used for driving the chiller. The second system includes a combined cycle with MAN’s new MGT6100 gas turbine in the 6 MW class. A Waste Heat Recovery Unit and a back pressure steam turbine with two extractions at two intermediate pressure levels are used. A part of the saturated steam at the outlet of the steam turbine drives the absorption chiller and the remainder is used for the third steam process. For both options, a supplementary firing is also considered. A technical and economical comparison between the two solutions is provided in order to show the advantages and the disadvantages of each system with regard to the requirements of the specified application.

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Poredos, Alojz, und Andrej Kitanovski. „District heating and cooling for efficient energy supply“. In 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058201.

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Sadi, Meisam, und Ahmad Arabkoohsar. „An Efficient and Reliable District Heating and Cooling Supplier“. In 2019 9th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpes47639.2019.9105392.

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López-Villada, Jesús, Joan Carles Bruno und Alberto Coronas. „Storage Concepts for Solar District Heating and Cooling Systems“. In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.29.16.

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Zeng, Jing, Qun Xu, Youzhi Ning und Xiuling Zhang. „Pipe Network Optimization in District Cooling/Heating System: A Review“. In 2019 International Conference on Robots & Intelligent System (ICRIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icris.2019.00042.

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Saurav, Kumar, Anamitra Roy Choudhury, Vikas Chandan, Peter Lingman und Nicklas Linder. „Building modelling methodologies for virtual district heating and cooling networks“. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340737.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "District heating driven cooling"

Teotia, A. P. S., D. E. Karvelas, E. J. Daniels und J. L. Anderson. District heating and cooling market assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10157992.

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Lowe, James William. Ground Source Geothermal District Heating and Cooling System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329477.

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Zakin, J. L., und R. N. Christensen. Reduction of pumping energy losses in district heating and cooling systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7020258.

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Zakin, J. L. Reduction of pumping energy losses in district heating and cooling systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5960215.

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Aalto, P. J., und D. B. Chen. Application of imitation steam'' systems to hot water district heating and cooling systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5066089.

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Zakin, J. L., und R. N. Christensen. Reduction of pumping energy losses in district heating and cooling systems. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188056.

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Zakin, J. L. Reduction of pumping energy losses in district heating and cooling systems. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10114850.

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Schubert, Moritz, und Sabine Putz. IEA SHC Task48 - C6 Activity Final Report - Contracting Models for Solar Thermally Driven Cooling and Heating Systems. Herausgegeben von Daniel Mugnier. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task48-2014-0002.

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Stavrou, J., und D. E. Karvelas. Impact of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 on district heating and cooling systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6371136.

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Radermacher, R. Advanced heat pump cycle for district heating and cooling systems. Second quarterly progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10116173.

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