Dissertationen zum Thema „Distribution poissons“
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Chalant, Anaïs. „Etude macroécologique de la distribution, diversité et vulnérabilité des poissons diadromes“. Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiadromous species exhibit a life-cycle implying migrations between freshwater and ocean. Diadromy is observed in many fish lineages suggesting that adaptive traits are associated with this strategy such as better dispersal ability and more efficient tracking of the spatio-temporal variability of the environment. One of the hypotheses that have been put forward to explain the evolution and persistence of diadromy states that the purpose of migrations is to select environmental conditions that will optimize pre-reproductive growth. Growing at sea and reproducing in river (anadromy) is supposed to be favored when freshwater primary productivity is lower in freshwater than in the nearby sea. The reverse (growing in freshwater, reproducing in ocean; catadromy) is expected when productivity is higher in sea than in freshwater. According to our study, conducted at a global scale, this hypothesis holds true. In addition it is shown that diadromous species are overrepresented in species poor rivers and/or in those that have been open to colonization after the retreat of glaciers after the last glacial maximum. Because of their dispersal ability, diadromous species are also over-represented on oceanic islands. Biodiversity on islands is classical topic of biogeography but yet few studies have dealt with freshwater fishes. In our study of fish communities from the Polynesian islands, we demonstrate the generality of a model initially built to explain terrestrial biodiversity on oceanic islands. As predicted by this model, species richness peaks at peaks at intermediate island age. Also revealed by our results are a positive relationship between island elevation and species richness and a decrease in species richness as the distance from the nearest biodiversity hotspot increases. Diadromy has been a successful strategy over geologic times but in face to human activities it seems to contribute to extinction proneness, as exemplified by the numerous diadromous species red listed by IUCN. Paradoxically, our study about the biological and ecological traits shared by the freshwater fishes that have been recently globally extinct does not suggest that diadromy has been a major factor. This study points to endemism and restricted geographic range size as the major determinants of extinction. It seems that because of their dispersal abilities, diadromous species tend to have widespread historical distributions and, even if many species are declining, this prevented most of them from being entirely extirpated. This is well exemplified by the European sturgeon (Asipenser sturio), formerly widely distributed over Europe and now restricted to one reproducing population in the Garonne River, because of dramatic population collapses after 1850. To have a better idea of the fate of this species before 1850, we analyzed archaeozoological records. According to our analyses, sturgeons started to decline a long time ago, about 2500 years ago. Using reconstructed past temperatures, our analyses show that a high temperature increases the probability of finding this species in archeological remains but cannot explain entirely the observed decline. This suggests that human activities impacted sturgeon populations well before the industrial revolution. This thesis by synthesizing species occurrence data over different spatial and temporal scales contributed to a better knowledge about the diversity and vulnerability of diadromous fishes
Soewardi, Kadarwan. „Caractérisation des populations de Thymallus thymallus L. (poissons, salmonidés) et de Rutilus rutilus L. (poissons, cyprinidés) dans le réseau fluvial du Rhône : approche par l'étude du polymorphisme enzymatique“. Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVaslet, Amandine. „Ichtyofaune des mangroves des Antilles : influence des variables du milieu et approche isotopique des réseaux trophiques“. Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0262.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFish communities were studied in 38 mangrove sites bordering the bays of grand cul-de-sac marin (gcsm) and petit cul-de-sac marin in guadeloupe. Out of a total of 119 fish species, 42 species are of commercial interest. Juveniles represent around 70 % of fish totalabundance in mangroves. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed that, in the two mangrove bays, fishes were influenced by reef or river mouth proximities, water transparency and the extent of mangrove areas. In the gcsm, an environmental gradient from the coast seawards was observed. This gradient separated reef and seagrass beds species of mangrove islets. Located near the barrier reef, to mangrove resident fish species located in the close vicinity of river and channel mouths. During the wet season, important rainfall and fresh water runoffs created a terrestrial gradient influencing the replacement of reef species by mangrove species, more tolerant to turbid and less salty waters. Stable isotopes analyses of carbon (13c:12c) and nitrogen (15n:14n) enabled to determine the importance of mangrove habitat as fish feeding grounds. Carbon isotopic ratios of mangrove preys were more depleted compared to preys from seagrass beds. These isotopic signatures enabled the differentiation of three groups of fish species: species that consume preys from seagrass beds, species feeding in mangroves and species feeding in both ecosystems
Birgi, Emile. „Monogènes parasites de Poissons d'eau douce au Tchad et au Sud-Cameroun : taxonomie et essai de biogéographie comparée“. Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeprieur, Fabien Brosse Sébastien. „Les introductions d'espèces de poissons d'eau douce distribution spatiale, déterminants et impacts sur les espèces natives /“. Toulouse (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3), 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/151.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePatty, Wilhelmina. „Déterminisme de la répartition spatio-temporelle des populations de poissons pélagiques à partir d'observations acoustiques et environnementales“. Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLassalle, Géraldine Rochard Eric. „Impacts des changements globaux sur la distribution des poissons migrateurs amphihalins une approche par modélisation à l'échelle continentale /“. S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/LASSALLE_GERALDINE_2008.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenno, Jean-François. „Génétique des populations et biogéographie de l'ichtyofaune néotropicale : le modèle Leporinus de Guyane“. Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePersohn, Cécile. „Sensibilité des populations de poissons aux changements globaux en fonction de leurs traits d’histoire de vie étudiée par une approche empirique“. Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeprieur, Fabien. „Les introductions d'espèces de poissons d'eau douce : distribution spatiale, déterminants et impacts sur les espèces natives“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/151/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough non-native fish species are well identified, the determinants of their spatial distribution and their impacts on biodiversity are poorly documented, especially at large spatial scales. In that context, this thesis aims (i) at improving our knowledge on the potential impacts of non-native fish species and (ii) at identifying the factors controlling their spatial distribution. This was achieved by considering different spatial scales. The local-scale approach (stream reach within a river basin) first shows that local abiotic conditions can influence the spatial distribution of an invasive species (brown trout, Salmo trutta L. ) in a New Zealand river basin and hence can mediate its impact on a native species (Galaxias anomalus Stockell). Especially, anthropogenic disturbances (such as water abstraction for agricultural purposes) do not necessarily promote species invasions as reported by most previous studies. Therefore, the effective conservation of threatened native species implies the implementation of management strategies adapted to the local environmental context. Last, an experimental study reveals that a species considered as invasive (such as brown bullhead, Ameiurus melas Raff. ) should be systematically studied in regards to its impact on native species. This is necessary to set up management strategies that account for the behavioural and ecological characteristics of the impacted native species. The regional-scale approach (river basin) first shows that the introductions of non-native fish species in Europe led to (i) an increase of the size of the regional pool of species (i. E. An increase in alpha diversity) and (ii) a decrease of the taxonomic similarity between river basins (i. E. A decrease in beta diversity corresponding to a taxonomic homogenization). .
Ballón, Soto Roberto Michael. „Étude acoustique du macrozooplancton au Pérou : estimation de biomasse, distribution spatiale, impact du forçage physique, et conséquences sur la distribution des poissons fourrage“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Northern Humboldt Current system (NHCS) represents less than 0.1% of the world ocean surface but produces more fish, mainly Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens), per unit area than any other region in the world. Although this system produces enough macrozooplankton to feed its high production of forage fish, the paucity of information on zooplankton hampers research in the system. The objective of this study was to investigate the multiscale dynamics of the spatiotemporal distribution of the macrozooplankton biomass off Peru in relation to the physical environment and their fish predators. For that a bi-frequency acoustic method was developed and applied to extract, from historical acoustic data, high-resolution information on the biomass and the patterns of distribution of macrozooplankton, the pelagic red squad 'munida', fish and other marine compartments. This method also allows estimating the vertical extension of this epipelagic community (ZVEEC). We demonstrated that ZVEEC coincide with the upper limit of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), which allowed both producing high-resolution spatial data of the upper limit of the OMZ and estimating the volume habitat of anchovy. The estimated macrozooplankton biomass was about four times higher than previously reported. This estimate is in agreement with the recent findings on forage fish trophic ecology and supports the current hypotheses explaining the NHCS high fish production. The study of the impacts of the submeso- and mesoscale physical structures on macrozooplankton provided evidence of the bottom-up physical effect on the distribution of macrozooplankton biomass. We also found further evidence of the structuring bottom-up effect that macrozooplankton exert on forage fish. The high-resolution biological and physical data obtained in this study opens new perspective to perform integrated multiscale ecological studies and to calibrate biogeochemical, trophic and End-to-End models
Comte, Lise. „Changements globaux et distribution spatiale des espèces de poisson d'eau douce : observations récentes et prédictions futures“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2258/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite increasing recognition that recent climate changes are influencing biodiversity, the specific impacts of those changes are still largely unknown. This thesis highlights systematic stream fish species shifts towards higher elevation and upstream habitats, consistent with the geographic variation associated with climate change. The results demonstrated, however, that patterns in climate-driven range shifts were less marked than those attributed to non-climatic drivers, suggesting more severe longer-term effects of climate warming on stream fish and profound consequences on the ability of species to cope with future climate modifications. Nevertheless, the results also provide evidence that several mechanisms are linked to species' evolutionary history and some key biological and ecological traits, allowing species to persist in situ or to track their climatic niche through space. These research findings improve our ability to anticipate future climate change-induced impacts and will assist with initiating effective conservation and management strategies, which can no longer be effectively designed without taking into account climate change
Buisson, Laetitia. „Poissons des rivières françaises et changement climatique : impacts sur la distribution des espèces et incertitudes des projections“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT005A/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClimate change and its impact on biodiversity are receiving increasing attention from scientists and people managing natural ecosystems. Indeed, climate has a major influence on the biology and ecology of fauna and flora, from physiology to distribution. Climate change may thus have major consequences on species and assemblages. Among freshwater ecosystems, stream fish have no physiological ability to regulate their body temperature and they have to cope with streams' hydrological variability and strong anthropogenic pressures. Yet their response to current and future climate change has been poorly studied. The aim of this PhD thesis is to assess the potential impact of climate change on fish in French streams, mainly on species distribution and assemblages' structure. Data provided by the Office National de l'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques combined with a modelling approach based on species' ecological niche (i.e., distribution models) have been used. Several sources of uncertainty have also been considered in an ensemble modeling framework in order to account for the variability between projected impacts and to provide reliable estimates of such impact. First, we have identified the main environmental factors that determine the spatial distribution of fish species within river networks. Overall, it appears that a combination of both climatic variables and variables describing the local habitat and its position within the river network is important to explain the current species distribution. Moreover, each fish species responded differently to the environmental factors. Second, we have highlighted that the choice of the statistical method used to model the fish ecological niche is crucial given that the current and future patterns of distribution predicted by different statistical methods vary significantly. The statistical method appears to be the main source of uncertainty, resulting in more variability in projections than the global circulation models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The variability between predictions from several statistical methods can be taken into account by a consensus approach. Consensual predictions based on the computation of the average of the whole predictions ensemble have achieved accurate predictions of the current species distribution and assemblages' composition. We have therefore selected this approach to assess the potential impacts of climate change on fish in French streams at the end of the 21st century with the highest degree of confidence. We have found that most fish species could be sensitive to the future climate modifications. Only a few cold-water species (i.e., brown trout, bullhead) could restrict their distribution to the most upstream parts of river networks. On the contrary, cool- and warm-water fish species could colonize many newly suitable habitats and expand strongly their distribution. These changes of species distribution could lead to a rearrangement of fish assemblages both at the taxonomic and functional levels. An increase in local diversity together with an increase in regional similarity (i.e., homogenization) are therefore expected. All these results bring new insights for the understanding of stream fish species distribution and expected consequences of climate change. This work thus provides biodiversity managers and conservationists with a basis to take efficient preservation measures. In addition, methodological developments considered in this PhD thesis are an important contribution to the improvements of projections by statistical models of species distribution and to the quantification of their uncertainty
Gerlotto, François. „Méthodologie d’observation et d'évaluation par hydroacoustique des stocks tropicaux de poissons pélagiques côtiers : impact du comportement et de la distribution spatiale“. Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLassalle, Géraldine. „Impacts des changements globaux sur la distribution des poissons migrateurs amphihalins : une approche par modélisation à l’échelle continentale“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13647/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiadromous fishes live in an environment disturbed, at global scale, by climate change and at regional scale, by anthropogenic pressures such as dams and river pollution. This study, performed at continental scale, aimed to assess, understand and predict the impacts of global changes on the distribution of this group. To address this issue, empirical distribution models were built for each of the 28 species studied. Their distributions were described at the beginning and the end of the twentieth century, in terms of presence-absence and abundance. Different types of explanatory variables were used, i.e. physical, climatic, biotic and anthropogenic. On the one hand, it was demonstrated that the distribution of diadromous fishes around 1900 was constrained by their biogeographical history and by the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the continental habitat. Projection of these distributions, at the end of the twenty-first century, under climate change, highlighted the sensitivity of this group to climatic modifications. Responses were species-specific but could be classified into three categories: expansion of the distribution range, contraction of the distribution range and little or no change. On the other hand, for the first time at continental scale, the importance of large dams and human population density to explain the current diadromous fish distribution was demonstrated. The relationships seemed complex and to be dependent on the species’ ecological characteristics, particularly the position of their essential habitats along the river network and their place within the food web
Toutant, Jean-Pierre. „Etude des cholinestérases : polymorphisme et interactions moléculaires, régulation de la synthèse des formes asymétriques, distribution tissulaire“. Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBAHRI, TARUB. „Relations entre des variables environnementales et la distribution et structure de la biomasse de poissons pelagiques cotiers en mediterranee“. Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKeith, Philippe. „Evolution des peuplements ichtyologiques de France et stratégies de conservation“. Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuo, Chuanbo. „Modélisation des effets des changements climatiques et des activités anthropiques sur les assemblages des poissons des lacs en Chine“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2333/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKnowledge of the spatial distribution of species and communities in ecosystems is an essential prerequisite for the understanding of ecosystem functioning and processes as well as conservation and spatial planning issues. During the last several decades, in the context of global change, climate change and anthropogenic activities have long been acknowledged as the two main determinants which drive the fish diversity and distributions patterns, and ultimately affect the aquatic ecosystem properties and structure. However, up until now, very few efforts aimed at the fish diversity and ecosystem in the lakes across China. Consequently in the present study, we contribute to highlight the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on fish diversity and distribution patterns as well as the ecosystem properties with the approach of several ecological modelling. Specifically, we first build the global perspective on the fish distribution and assemblage patterns for a total of 425 fish species (subspecies) in 135 lakes across China using a novel multi-species approach fitted by the Multivariate Regression Tree (MRT). Five fish assemblages were defined by the constrained clustering, 107 indicator species were thus identified. Species diversity showed significantly differences among each assemblage: fish species richness in plateau lakes was significantly lower than plain lakes; however the diversity of the whole assemblage in plateaus was higher than other regions. Altitude, minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual temperature range and precipitation during the driest month were found to be the most important determinants affecting fish assemblages and distribution patterns in Chinese lakes. Then, MRT model was used to predict both species richness and species distribution in order to improve the management and conservation of fish species in China. Our results showed that MRT is a reliable and ideal community-based predictive technique for multi-species prediction. At the species composition level, altitude was the main determinant for the prediction, followed by precipitation of the driest month, temperature annual range and annual mean temperature. While at the richness level, precipitation of driest month, maximum temperature of warmest month and lake area were the main drivers for the prediction of the fish species richness pattern. Thirdly, we examine the capacity and uncertainty of ensemble modelling in predicting fish species distribution and diversity. Potential impacts from two main kinds of uncertainty sources were thus considered: species characteristics (contained species prevalence, altitude range, temperature range and precipitation range) and model techniques (calibration technique and evaluation technique). Finally, our results highlight that predictions from single SDM were so variety and unreliable for all species while ensemble approaches could yield more accurate predictions; we also found that there was no significant influence on the model outcomes from the evaluation measures; we emphasized that species characteristics as species prevalence, altitude range size and precipitation range size would strongly affect the outcomes of SDMs, but temperature range size didn't show a significantly influence; our findings finally verified the hypothesis that species distributed with a smaller range size could be more accurately predicted than species with large range size to be plausible in aquatic ecosystems. Lastly, a case study focused on evaluating the lake ecosystem properties and foodweb structure as well as the effects in a typical shallow macrophytic lake (Bao'an Lake, distributed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin), using the Ecopath model. Finally, the results showed that all the commercial fish suffered from high fishing pressure while forage resources such as attached algae, submerged plants and molluscs were not fully utilized. Moreover, we highlight that the Bao'an Lake ecosystem was a mature system according to Odum's theory. However when compared with some other lake ecosystems, the Bao'an Lake ecosystem, as well as some China lake ecosystems, showed extremely low values of CI (Connectance Index), FCI (Finn's Cycling Index) and SOI (System Omnivory Index), indicating that the ecosystem functions and food web structure of these Chinese lake tended to be simpler and linear than lake ecosystems in other countries. Consequently, this study indicated an urgent need for the adjustment and management of artificial fishery stocking in such type of lakes. Our present study have pictured the global perspective of lake fish diversity and distribution patterns in China, defined the main determinants, and examined the potential effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on fish diversity and ecosystem properties. Our results will benefit the conservation and management of fish resources, biodiversity, as well as the lake ecosystems all over the world
Tirard, Claire. „Biodiversité et biogéographie évolutive dans les systèmes hôtes-parasites : le modéle Gadiformes (Téleostéens) - Copépodes et Monogènes“. Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKaimuddin, Awaluddin Halirin. „Impact du changement climatique sur la distribution des populations de poissons. Approche par SIG, modèles et scénarios d'évolution du climat“. Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding connectivities among species distributions, biodiversity, marine habitats and climate change is necessary for the design of an effective conservation management, such as in the implementation of marine protected area (MPA). In this study, we observed the richness of 89 "rare" or "exotic" fish species (observed outside their known distribution range) related to climate change. We modeled and predicted their seasonal distributions according to the species ecological niches (determined in this study) using the GIS model. Superposing the models of all species using GIS, we determined the preferential zones or zones of high biodiversity (hotspots) over time. The GIS approach offers an alternative to measure seasonal species richness in poor-data areas. This approach allowed also species track movement over time. This information could be then used to measure the effectiveness of MPA positioning related to the hotspot areas. Our study area covers a wide latitudinal range of the Eastern Atlantic waters, from the warm tropical/subtropical waters to the temperate waters. This area is located in three large marine ecosystems: the Canary current, the South European Atlantic Shelf and the Celtic Seas. The transitional zone in the central region has well known for its sensitivity to the detection of climate change. From 1982 to 2012, the SST in all of studied ecosystems has increased consistently over time, with magnitude and trend varied among ecosystems. The change of number of species in each decadal period differed among ecosystems. Increasing number of species in an ecosystem was generally followed by decreasing trend in adjacent ecosystems. Species ecological niches were obtained by extracting the environmental values in the location of species occurrence at the time of observation. The environmental data and the occurrence records used were at global scale, and the methods yields coherent results with the results obtained from observational studies. The flexibility of GIS Model used in this study allowed us to follow the evolution of species seasonal distribution over time. Generally, most of the studied species showed a northbound trend in their distribution. These northbound tendencies were more evident in the middle region, confirming the effect of global warming in shifting marine species distribution. This approach provides an alternative of measuring seasonal richness of poor-known species and/or modeling in poor-data areas. The results present a complete picture of predictive number of species in an area over time. MPAs superficial analysis by country (countries lying in the study area) showed that UK has the highest number of MPA and the largest protected areas, following by France and Mauritania. Frequencies of the MPAs touched by the hotspot were strongly influenced by seasonal variations. Thus, considering seasonal variations in a conservation effort could preserve species adaptive variation under environmental changes. Overall, our works provide several alternative methods for species distribution studies and for studies poor-known species in data-poor area. The results provide evidences of ocean warming effect in shifting marine fish distribution
Blanquer, Anne. „Phylogéographie intraspécifique d'un poisson marin, le flet Platichthys flesus L. (Heterosomata) : polymorphisme des marqueurs nucléaires et mitochondriaux“. Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAguilar, Ibarra Alonso. „Les peuplements de poissons comme outil pour la gestion de la qualité environnementale du réseau hydrographique de la Garonne“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7394/1/aguilar.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorin, Bernard. „Description et distribution de la communauté de poissons à Wemindji, Baie de James, et écologie de la morue du Groenland (Gadus ogac)“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60425.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGreenland cod were studied in the same period. During the summer, they principally occupied shallow coastal waters, characterized by a belt of eelgrass (Zostera marina). In winter, more cod were found in the estuary. This movement corresponds to sexual maturity; spawning occurs in April to June. Greenland cod life history variables differ from those of most arctic benthic fishes: they show rapid growth, high fecundity, low age at first maturity and high mortality.
Sholihah, Arni. „Diversification des biotas aquatiques de Sundaland : accumulation de la biodiversité chez les poissons d'eau douce et distribution dans un hotspot de biodiversité“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSundaland is one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots, experiencing a fast increase of threat levels during last decades. Covering Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, this hotspot has one of the highest species richness and endemism for vertebrates in SEA, including freshwater fishes. This level of biodiversity has long attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists, particularly by considering effects of Sundaland complex geological history. This study addressed it by exploring time frame of vicariance and dispersal during diversity build-up of freshwater fish species in Sundaland. To support this, we first aimed to assess the match between distribution of molecular lineages from multiple taxa with palaeoriver boundaries using metadata analysis of existing molecular dataset with representative biological and spatial coverage in Southeast Asia (especially in Sundaland). Second, we focussed on estimating clades’ age and geographic distribution of Rasbora lineages in relation to the Pleistocene Palaeoriver Hypothesis by utilising newly generated empirical data for Rasborinae, a widespread and extremely diversified group of primary freshwater fishes in Sundaland. On both steps, we questioned: 1) if palaeorivers served as corridors of dispersal between islands during Pleistocene sea levels low stands; 2) if palaeoriver watersheds initiated allopatric divergence across their boundaries; and 3) if Pleistocene climatic fluctuation increased rates of species diversification. Overall, this study detected high level of cryptic diversity. Ancestral area reconstructions revealed that Sundaland freshwater fish lineages originated from Mainland Asia, and further colonised the region since Oligocene. This result validated the pre-Pleistocene settlement hypothesis. These lineages entered Sundaland mainly through North Sunda palaeoriver in contemporary Borneo and dispersed to other parts of Sundaland via long distance dispersal, often followed by in situ diversification. These results suggest Bornean part of North Sunda palaeoriver is the most likely centre of origin for Sundaland freshwater fishes. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, we found that although lowered sea level during glacial periods reconnected watersheds within palaeorivers, it did not necessarily open up inter-island dispersal channels for freshwater fishes. Corridors of savanna and seasonal forest ecosystems in the interior of Sundaland served as barrier to dispersal. Also, permeability of the physical boundaries of palaeoriver’s watersheds as well as geomorphological and habitat variabilities within palaeoriver created respectively gene flow between palaeorivers and allopatric speciation within palaeoriver. Moreover, although significant proportion of Sundaland freshwater fish lineages originated during Pleistocene, we found that Pleistocene dynamics did not affect diversification rate as sea level-dependent diversification models poorly account for species proliferation patterns for all clades excepting Channa. Besides, none of the taxa examined has declining diversification rates as suggested by diversity-dependent diversification (DDD) model. It is suggested then that global Pleistocene eustatic fluctuation and regional paleoriver dynamics are not sole drivers for Sundaland freshwater fish diversification, but only a part of abiotic aspects affecting it. Pleistocene Climatic Fluctuations likely interacted with other factors such as: landscape geomorphology, local ecosystem/habitat variability and life history traits of organisms
Des, Clers Sophie. „Contribution à la biologie des populations de brochets (Esox lucius, Linné 1756) : étude de la répartition spatio-temporelle et estimations des probabilités de capture et de survie à partir des données de marquage et recaptures multiples“. Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11679.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaillebois, Laura. „Endémisme et dispersion chez les Gobiidae Sicydiinae : traits d'histoire de vie et histoire évolutive“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Sicydiinae subfamily (Teleostei : Gobioidei) is the biggest contributor to the diversity of fich communities in tropical insular river systems. These species are found in the Indo-Pacific area, the Caribbean region and West Africa. They spawn in freshwater, their planktotrophic larvae drift downstream to the sea where they begin a planktonic life phase before returning to the rivers to grow and reproduce. The phylogeny of the Sicydiinae, realised with five markers (including a new one) and including all known genera, supported the monophyly of the subfamily. This work allowed us to understand the evolution of the group and to focus on Smilosicyopus genus. Indeed, the sampling effort made through the central Pacific ocean, concerning Smilosicyopus species, allowed us to collect all species from this genus and to confirm, or not, their taxonomy and their distribution range. Thus, species life history traits can be attributed surely to the concerned one. Life history traits of several species, belonging to different genera, among which Sicyopus zosterophorum, Smilosicyopus chloe, Smilosicyopus fehlmanni and Akihito vanuatu were analysed. These species were chosen owing to their differences in their distribution range from endemism to widespread species. Microchemical analysis of the Sr:Ca ratio in the otolith confirmed the amphidromous life cycle of the studied species. The Ba:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios in the adult life phase revealed four types of patterns, and we suggest that the river geomorphology and the variability in the fish environment could be responsible for such different patterns. No inland migratory behaviour was revealed for these species, confirming the hypothesis of their adult sedentarity in middle and higher courses of river. Otolith microstructure of the studied species was also analyzed. Deposition of the daily growth increments on the otoliths of S. Zosterophorum was validated using an alizarin red S time marking technique. We estimatd the pelagic larval duration (PLD) by counting the number of growth increments from the core to the metamorphosis check mark, and it was shorter, for all the studied species, than the one of previous studie on Sicydiinae species. The PLD of the widespread species, S. Zosterophorum was similar to those of the endemic species, S. Chloe and A. Vanuatu (around 55 days). Here we show that in contrast to the most diverse Sicydiinae genus, Sicyopterus, the PLD could not explainendemism and we must take into account other elements to explain the differences observed in the distribution range. Contrasting patterns of genetic structure and probably a distinct biogeographic history could explain such differences. The analysis of the population connectivity over the sampled region revealed these contrasting patterns. The connectivity among Smilosicyopus fehlmanni populations ( a species with a large distribution range) was high, suggesting that for this species, neither the fragmentation of freshwater habitat nor the oceanic currents surrounding the West Pacific ocean created significiant barriers to gene exchanges. But, S. Zosterophorum, another large distribution range species, displayed a deep division into two haplogroups with one retsricted to the northwest Pacific and the other restricted to the southwest Pacific. The estimated time of divergence between the two populations of S. Zosterophorum (i. E 306 kyr) is coherebr with a Pleistocene separation, produced by the Torres strait barrier. Pleistocene event may have shaped the genetic pattern observed in the present days on both side of the Torres Strait. Our results showed that the evolution and dispersion patterns of Sicydiinae are complex and depending of numerous factors
Durand, Jean-Dominique. „La phylogéographie du chevaine, Leuciscus cephalus : validation d'hypothèses biogéographiques sur les cyprinidae en Europe“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10308.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSadhotomo, Bambang. „Bioécologie des principales espèces pélagiques exploitées en mer de Java“. Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSarré, Abdoulaye. „Approche acoustique de la dynamique et la distribution spatiale des ressources halieutiques de petits pélagiques dans l'upwelling sénégalo-mauritanien“. Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0062/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlong the coast of North-West Africa, among the richest waters over the word, fish supply is important at both socio-economic and cultural levels. In this region, the small pelagic fish are the most abundant marine resources and are monitored using hydroacoustic stock assessment methods since more than three decades. These surveys have allowed providing to local authorities a sound scientific basis for deciding about the management of pelagic fisheries. A specific challenge is to know the representativity of these surveys with respect to the stocks targeted. In this work, we confirm this representativity for Sardinella aurita stock while for S. maderensis, a part of the stock could have not been sampled and for pour Ilisha africana and Ethmalosa fimbriata these surveys are not the best tool. Furthermore, Northward shifts in the distribution of sardinella in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem are recorded in this work and have been attributed to the redistribution of upwelling intensity and productivity, resulting in the abundance of sardinella decreasing in the inter-tropical coastal region. Here for the first time using independent observational time series, we report a robust northward shift in S. aurita since 1995 and attribute it to the strong ocean warming in the region. The observed spatial shifts in biomass in the last 20 years are of the same order of magnitude as those recorded for surface isotherms. Such changes will impact policy considerations in the management of food security in several West African countries and should be considered with respect to “Intended Nationally Determined Contributions”
Mérigoux, Sylvie. „Variabilité spatio-temporelle de l'environnement et structure des peuplements de juvéniles de poissons : cas d'un fleuve intertropical soumis à un aménagement hydroélectrique“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10261.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoy, Romain. „Distribution spatiale et activité des poissons en milieu lacustre - Impacts des facteurs environnementaux à partir d'une approche multi-échelle. Application à la retenue des Bariousses“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4326/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAquatic ecosystem functioning in human-impacted environments is highly dependent of its uses; in consequence, the environment of biological communities is generally fluctuating. Studying the link between environment and organism in fluctuating environments is generally more complex compared to steady environments. The main objective of this work was to better understand how fish populations respond to environmental modifications in a reservoir affected with water level fluctuations (WLF), the Bariousses’s reservoir located on the Vézère River.A multiscale approach was used with different biological (community and individual) and temporal (annual and daily cycles) scales. A special attention was given to the littoral zone as it plays a key role for lake fish communities and since it is strongly affected by WLF. This work is divided in 4 parts. The first part presents the characteristics of the study site and the second part describes the impact of WLF on the studied habitats using a mapping of the littoral zone. The consequences of hydrological stress through the changes in habitat conditions were also analyzed as well as the effects of water temperature and photoperiod. The third part shows the effect of the temporal variability of environmental conditions induced by WLF on the composition of the littoral fish community (sampled by electrofishing). The fourth part presents an innovative positioning system acoustic telemetry (Vemco Positioning System) that was used to study the impact of WLF at the individual scale by analyzing the behavior of 90 individuals from three different fish species (pikeperch, pike and perch) with a satisfactory accuracy (average error of 3.3 m after filtration).The results of this work showed that WLF induced a temporal variability of the littoral zone surface and volume. In addition, a gradual decrease of the structural complexity of littoral habitats was associated with lower water level inducing a trend to homogenization (dominance of thinner substrates without vegetation). Despite these changes in habitats conditions induced by WLF, littoral fish community did not show any clear change in composition. High inter-individual variability of behavioral responses was observed in response to environmental fluctuations, but the temperature and photoperiod were the two major structural parameters controlling fish activity and spatial distribution. Water level affected a part of the fish population since more individuals attended the littoral zone and were less mobile when available habitats were more complex (with a high water level). These results allowed us to suggest some ideas for the management of water levels in the studied reservoir focused on the fish population
Chan, Bunyeth. „Dynamique spatiale et temporelle des espèces et de communauté de poissons dans le système d'inondation pulsé de Tonle Sap“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30244/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTonle Sap Lake (TSL) is one of the world's largest lakes and is a biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia. It supports high fish productivity which sustains protein supply for millions of people in the region. This study aims to investigate (1) spatial and temporal dynamics of fish community composition, (2) the effects of environmental factors on fish distribution and (3) effects of fishing lot abolishment on fish biomass, community and structure in TSL. By using multivariate statistical methods on fish and environmental data, the thesis highlights that: * There were two fish assemblages in TSL: the northern assemblage, mostly characterised by black fishes, and the southern assemblage, mainly linked to white, grey and estuarine fishes. Fish assemblages from earlier years (1994 and 1995) were represented by the abundances of all functional groups, i.e. black, white and grey fishes, and from 1996 to 1999, the assemblages were linked only to white and grey fishes. * Fish species distributions were not homogeneous within TSL. In addition, species distribution areas were different and were governed by distinct combinations of the local habitat characteristics and regional climatic factors. * H. lobatus and H. siamensis can co-occur together, but synchronisation and migration of H. lobatus always lead those of H. siamensis. These results suggest that the population of H. lobatus is more responsive to flow pulse variations than those of H. siamensis.[...]
Pouilly, Marc. „Relations entre l'habitat physique et les poissons des zones à cyprinidés rhéophiles dans trois cours d'eau du bassin rhodanien : vers une simulation de la capacité d'accueil pour les peuplements“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarvajal-Quintero, Juan. „Évaluation des déterminants de l'aire de répartition des poissons d'eau douce pour éclairer leur écologie et conservation“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the geographic distribution of species across space and time is one of the long-standing challenges in ecology and evolution. Among the major components of species distribution, the species' geographic range size has been studied across several taxonomic groups and has been related to multiple ecological and evolutionary factors. The geographic range size of species is also of paramount importance in conservation strategies because it consistently emerges as a key correlate of extinction risk, where species occupying smaller geographic ranges are assumed to have a higher risk of extinction. Results concerning these fundamental and applied aspects of geographic range size have largely neglected freshwater fish, commonly focusing on the usual vertebrate groups (e.g. mammals, birds). However, freshwater fish, the most diverse vertebrate group, can provide novel insights about the geographic range size determinants and threats because of the unique dendritic shape and reduced amount of their habitat (i.e. river networks) compared to other terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In this PhD work, we analyzed for the first time the global patterns of geographic range size in freshwater fish species and tested previous hypotheses proposed to explain the variation of geographic range size in other taxonomic groups. Our findings showed that current and historical connectivity are the most important factors driving the geographic range size of freshwater fishes, contrasting with the main determinants reported for terrestrial and marine taxa. From an applied point of view, we focused on the usually observed macroecological relationship between the species' geographic range size and body size. This relationship would allow estimating the minimum geographic range size needed by species for long-term persistence. Based on ecological theory of species temporal fluctuations of abundances, we provide a mechanistic validation of this relationship, supporting its use to identify vulnerable species and their changes in extinction risk through reduced geographic ranges induced by anthropogenic factors. Using a tropical river basin as a case study, we used this macroecological relationship to quantify changes in species extinction risk due to the fragmentation of their ranges caused by hydropower development. The results and the data compiled in this thesis represent useful information to guide and inform conservation in freshwater fish and give the opportunity to continue filling theoretical gaps
Geoffroy, Maxime. „Signature bioacoustique, distribution et abondance des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins en mer de Beaufort (Arctique canadien) : une réponse à l’énigme de la morue arctique manquante“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26568.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa mer de Beaufort canadienne subit la double pression des changements climatiques et de l’accroissement des activités industrielles. Malgré l’importance de l’écosystème marin de la région pour les communautés locales, certaines de ses composantes demeurent peu documentées, en particulier la distribution et l’abondance des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins. Cette thèse repose sur des bases de données hydroacoustiques, de filets et de chaluts recueillies de 2006 à 2014 afin d’améliorer nos connaissances de la signature bioacoustique des poissons pélagiques et des mammifères marins de la mer de Beaufort et, ultimement, d’estimer plus précisément leur distribution et leur abondance. Pour ce faire, je documente : (1) la distribution verticale et les migrations ontogéniques des poissons pélagiques sur un cycle annuel complet; (2) la distribution spatiale et le recrutement des poissons pélagiques en fonction de la date de la débâcle et des températures de surface; et (3) l’indice de réflexion acoustique et la forme des échos des principaux mammifères marins. La morue arctique (Boreogadus saida) formait 95% de l’assemblage des poissons pélagiques et les individus de plus d’un an demeuraient au-dessus du talus, dans l’halocline pacifique et la couche atlantique (> 100 m), tout au long de l’année. Au contraire, les jeunes de l’année colonisaient la couche épipélagique (< 100 m) de leur éclosion au printemps jusqu’à leur descente en profondeur à l’automne. L’abondance et la biomasse de morues arctiques mesurées acoustiquement atteignaient des valeurs significativement plus élevées au sud de la mer de Beaufort et dans le golfe d’Amundsen qu’au nord. Le taux de croissance larvaire et le recrutement augmentaient les années où la débâcle survenait plus tôt et où les températures de surface vernales étaient plus élevées. Le stock pélagique de morues arctiques suffisait généralement à soutenir les besoins énergétiques des principales espèces de mammifères marins. Cependant, ceux-ci doivent probablement plonger plus profondément les années où le stock diminue afin d’attraper les morues arctiques de plus grandes tailles (> 10 cm) demeurant près du fond. La signature acoustique des baleines et des phoques documentée dans cette thèse pourrait être utilisée afin de compléter les levés visuels à l’aide de sonars et d’échosondeurs scientifiques. La présence de faux positifs limite cependant l’utilisation de ces instruments sous leur forme actuelle et des recommandations sont fournies afin d’améliorer les techniques de détection de mammifères marins à l’aide de l’hydroacoustique.
The Canadian Beaufort Sea faces the double pressure of climate change and increasing industrial activities. Despite the importance of the marine ecosystem of the region for local communities, some of its components remain poorly documented, in particular the distribution and abundance of pelagic fish and marine mammals. This thesis is based on hydroacoustic, net, and trawl datasets collected from 2006 to 2014 and documents the acoustic signature of pelagic fish and marine mammals to, ultimately, estimate their abundance and distribution more accurately. I study and discuss: (1) the vertical distribution and ontogenic migrations of pelagic fish over the annual cycle; (2) the spatial distribution and recruitment of pelagic fish in relation with the date of the ice breakup and sea-surface temperatures; and (3) Target Strengths and echotraces of the main marine mammal species. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) formed 95% of the pelagic fish assemblage and age-1+ individuals remained over the slope, in the Pacific Halocline and the Atlantic Layer (> 100 m), throughout the year. In contrast, age-0 arctic cod colonized the epipelagic layer (< 100 m) from hatching in spring until their descent to depth during fall. The abundance and biomass of arctic cod measured acoustically was significantly higher in southern Beaufort Sea and the Amundsen Gulf than in northern areas. Larval growth and recruitment increased during years with an early ice breakup and warmer sea-surface temperatures in spring. The stock of pelagic arctic cod was generally high enough to support the energetic requirements of the main marine mammal species. However, they likely had to dive deeper to feed on large (> 10 cm) bottom-dwelling arctic cod when the pelagic stock diminished. The acoustic signature of whales and seals documented here could be used to complement visual surveys with scientific sonars and echosounders. The occurrence of false positives, however, limits the use of these instruments under their current form and recommendations are provided to improve the efficiency of active acoustic monitoring at detecting marine mammals.
Tisseuil, Clément. „Modéliser l'impact du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes aquatiques par approche de downscaling“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/763/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aimed at assessing the impact of global change on freshwater ecosystems during the 21st century in the Adour Garonne area (SW France). A downscaling approach was developed linking techniques from climate, hydro-chemical and ecological sciences. The main results suggest an increase of high flows in winter as well as more severe low flows in summer. Nitrogen concentrations and thermophile fish species distribution may also increase. Reducing green house gas emissions and modifying agricultural practices (e. G reducing nitrate fertilizers) could reduce the intensity of ecological disturbances. This study is an original contribution to the management of future hydrological and ecological resources
Rougier, Thibaud. „Repositionnement des poissons migrateurs amphihalins européens dans un contexte de changement climatique : une approche exploratoire par modélisation dynamique mécaniste“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0055/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ongoing climate change is modifying the environmental conditions and species have to adapt to these new constraints, either on the same site or migrating in new suitable sites leading to a modification of distribution area. This repositioning has two main dimensions: (i) the species capacity to adapt to the new conditions (modification of life history traits) which is linked to the species resilience and (ii) the species capacity to explore new suitable habitats. The objective of this study was to build a mechanistic model incorporating these two dimensions in order to evaluate, understand and predict the repositioning possibilities of European diadromous fish facing climate change.In their life cycles, diadromous fish species have to use freshwater, estuarine and marine ecosystems. These specific life history strategies represent a great repositioning potential in comparison to freshwater fish species. A database of diadromous fish life history traits, incorporating those that could be influenced by climate change and those that could have an importance in the species repositioning potential, has been built. An Analytic Hierarchy Process has been suggested to develop a composite score based on life traits aiming at assessing the diadromous species repositioning potential.Then, the GR3D model (Global Repositioning Dynamics for Diadromous fish Distribution) has been developed in order to study with a dynamic approach the repositioning potential of diadromous fish, at a large scale, in a context of climate change. This model is a simulation, stochastic and individual-based model incorporating the main population dynamics processes of a diadromous fish (reproduction, mortality, growth, upstream migration with dispersal and downstream migration).A first exploratory application case simulating the repositioning of a virtual allis shad (Alosa alosa) population between two river catchments under a scenario of temperature increase has been carried out and the associated global sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to determine the influence of uncertain population dynamics parameters and of parameters defining the landscape stucture. The results showed that dispersal distance and parameters related to sea lifespan and to survival at sea were crucial to determine the success of colonization.Finally, the use of GR3D in a real application case allowed improving the understanding of allis shad persistence at the scale of its distribution area (i.e. the Atlantic coast) in a context of climate change.Over time, simulation results of GR3D should be relevant and useful in management and conservation of diadromous fish species
Maire, Anthony. „Comment sélectionner les zones prioritaires pour la conservation et la restauration des communautés de poissons de rivière ? Applications aux échelles de la France et du Pas-de-Calais“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13313/1/Maire.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChaumillon, Gilles. „Déterminisme du recrutement chez les poissons plats du plateau néo-écossais, Atlantique nord-ouest, une étude basée sur la distribution de fréquence des dates de naissances et la croissance“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25225.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBourgeaud, Luana. „Histoire évolutive et potentiel adaptatif : une approche éco-évolutive de la vulnérabilité des espèces aux changements climatiques“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30263.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the processes influencing the geographical distribution of species is one of the main aims in ecology and is of particular interest since climate change caused by human activities is currently leading to the geographical redistribution of species. In this context, we explored the temporal dynamics of the climatic niche (the set of climatic requirements of a species) in an attempt to determine species' ability to cope with climate change. To do this, we investigated historical rates of climatic niche change which describe past climatic niche changes that occurred over the course of species evolutionary history assuming that past climatic changes reflect current climate change. Following the reconstruction of a dated phylogeny for 12,616 fish species, we compiled climate and distribution data to estimate historical rates of climatic niche change. In a first project, we studied the factors influencing historical rates of climatic niche change in aquatic environments. In particular, we confirmed that historical rates of climatic niche change are greater at higher latitudes. We also discussed the differences between marine and freshwater ecosystems. In a second project, we correlated historical rates of climatic niche change with measures of contemporary range shifts. We showed that historical rates of climatic niche change are positively associated with contemporary range shifts in marine fish. Our results suggest that the influence of historical rates of climatic niche change and more generally of species evolutionary history on their response to current climate change needs to be further explored to determine how it can inform biodiversity conservation
Chambert, Christine. „Caractérisation des déplacements de poissons dans et entre compartiments d'un réseau fluvial (Rhône) : étude par marquage et recaptures multiples“. Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLteif, Myriam. „Biology, distribution and diversity of cartilaginous fish species along the Lebanese coast, eastern Mediterranean“. Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of cartilaginous fish in the Lebanese coastal waters, Eastern Mediterranean. Emphasis was placed on various aspects of the distribution, diversity, biology and ecology of these species. In this study, a total of 314 specimens of cartilaginous fish were sampled. These specimens constituted of 25 cartilaginousfish species, 11 shark species and 14 batoid species. No chimaeras were recorded. The data was collected from two sources: (a) an experimental survey in the framework of the CIHEAM PESCA-Libano project and (b) periodic observation of fisheries and catches of hired fishermen. Spatiotemporal distribution was evaluated using the Catch Per Unit Effort of the experimental survey data. Spatiotemporal diversity was also estimated taking into account the total number of species caught in the survey and fisheries/fishermen data. Length-weight relationships for three sharks and five batoids were also presented for species of the combined data sources having more than 10 individuals. Finally, the biology and ecology of two commercially significant and exploited species were also presented as a first step in their fishery management andconservation
Lasne, Émilien. „Connectivité hydrologique et distribution spatiale de l’ichtyofaune dans le bassin versant de la Loire : de l’assemblage à la population (cas de l’anguille européenne)“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a context of river biodiversity loss, this work aims at understanding the influence of hydrological connectivity on fish distribution in the Loire catchment at different spatial (the whole catchment and the floodplain) and biological (the assemblage and the European eel’s population) scales. The results show that hydrological connectivity strongly drives fish distribution patterns at both spatial scales. It determines the habitat quality and the composition and structure of fish assemblages. Low connectivity levels create lentic habitats that favour exotic species and disfavour threatened native species. Connectivity also determines fish opportunities to move between various elements of the hydrosystem as it has been shown for the European eel
Lenoir, Sylvain. „Impact du réchauffement climatique sur la distribution spatiale des ressources halieutiques le long du littoral français : observations et scénarios“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10047/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis aims to study the impact of climate warming on the spatial distribution of fish in the North Atlantic, using the new habitat model called the Non-Parametric Probabilistic Ecological Niche Model (NPPEN). The model NPPEN is nonparametric and requires only presence data. It is based on concept of the ecological niche sensu Hutchinson. The model NPPEN tests the Mahalanobis generalised distance by permutations to produce and map the probability of species occurrence. The model is therefore well suited to study expected changes in the biogeography of marine species at macro-scale. Applying this new model on more than fifty marine species in the North Atlantic, has highlighted the impact of global warming on the biogeography of species, structure and trophodynamic of the marine ecosystem. Disruption, already observed in spatial distribution and abundance (probability of occurrence) of fish species such as Atlantic cod and lesser sandeel were found again. The majority of species will move northward to stay in an environment consistent with their ecological niche. The intensity and rapidity of the biogeographic movements expected, as the balance of gains or losses in the spatial range differ among fish; governed by the ability of species movement, their range of environmental tolerance (niche breadth) and the intensity of global warming
Loots, Christophe. „Contrôle de la distribution spatiale de l'habitat de reproduction chez les populations de poissons : approche multi-modèles appliquée à la plie et au merlan de Mer du Nord et à l'anchois du Golfe de Gascogne“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066496.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGu, Kangxia. „Testing the rates of Poisson distribution“. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3213456.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTitle from PDF title page (viewed July 6, 2007). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-03, Section: B, page: 1504. Advisers: Hon Keung Tony Ng; William R. Schucany. Includes bibliographical references.
Cohen, Pierre. „Régionalisation de l'habitat physique du poisson : approche multi-scalaire et application au bassin de la Loire, France“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Ling. „Homogeneity tests for several poisson populations“. HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/909.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRodrigues, Cristiane. „Distribuições em série de potências modificadas inflacionadas e distribuição Weibull binominal negativa“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-28062011-095106/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this paper, some result such as moments generating function, recurrence relations for moments and some theorems of the class of modified power series distributions (MPSD) proposed by Gupta (1974) and of the class of inflated modified power series distributions (IMPSD) both at a different point of zero as the zero point are presented. The standard Poisson model, the standard negative binomial model and zero inflated models for count data, ZIP and ZINB, using the techniques of the GLMs, were used to analyse two real data sets together with the normal plot with simulated envelopes. The new distribution Weibull negative binomial (WNB) was proposed. Some mathematical properties of the WNB distribution which is quite flexible in analyzing positive data were studied. It is an important alternative model to the Weibull, and Weibull geometric distributions as they are sub-models of WNB. We demonstrate that the WNB density can be expressed as a mixture of Weibull densities. We provide their moments, moment generating function, plots of the skewness and kurtosis, explicit expressions for the mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, quantile function, reliability and entropy, the density of order statistics and explicit expressions for the moments of order statistics. The method of maximum likelihood is used for estimating the model parameters. The expected information matrix is derived. The usefulness of the new distribution is illustrated in two analysis of real data sets.