Zeitschriftenartikel: „Distant water fisheries“

1

Haward, Marcus, and Anthony Bergin. "Taiwan’s distant water tuna fisheries." Marine Policy 24, no. 1 (2000): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(99)00005-6.

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2

Pauly, Daniel, Dyhia Belhabib, Roland Blomeyer, et al. "China's distant-water fisheries in the 21st century." Fish and Fisheries 15, no. 3 (2013): 474–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/faf.12032.

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3

Queirolo, Lewis E., and Richard S. Johnston. "Distant water fishing nations and extended fisheries jurisdiction." Marine Policy 13, no. 1 (1989): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(89)90038-9.

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4

Zou, Keyuan, and Jiayi Wang. "Transboundary Fisheries Management." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 8, no. 2 (2020): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340134.

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Abstract The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea created the exclusive economic zone regime, which makes more than 90 per cent of the world’s commercial fish stocks under the national jurisdiction of coastal States. The biological characteristics of fish demonstrate that the long-term sustainability of fisheries can only be achieved through cooperation and coordination among States, especially for the conservation of transboundary fish stocks. However, the ocean may have more than 1,500 transboundary fish stocks, only a limited number are subjected to effective cooperative management. This article provides an overview of the international legal framework on transboundary fisheries and China’s practice on shared stocks and distant water fisheries, and argues that current bilateral fisheries agreements are not sufficient enough to manage transboundary fish stocks and China still has much to do on regulating distant water fisheries.

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5

Haward, Marcus, and Anthony Bergin. "The political economy of Japanese distant water tuna fisheries." Marine Policy 25, no. 2 (2001): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(00)00038-5.

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6

Crozier, W. W., P.-J. Schön, G. Chaput, E. C. E. Potter, N. Ó. Maoiléidigh, and J. C. MacLean. "Managing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the mixed stock environment: challenges and considerations." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 8 (2004): 1344–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.08.013.

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Abstract Atlantic salmon, as a result of their population structure and behaviour, are potentially subject to a complex array of fisheries, ranging from those within rivers harvesting single stocks, to distant-water mixed stock fisheries that harvest fish from different countries, stock complexes, and continents. In addition, estuarine and in-river fisheries may catch fish from more than one stock or stock component, where these are present. One of the main challenges in managing salmon across this range of fisheries is to account for the differing status of stocks with respect to safe biological limits, noting that stocks of differing productivity may require different harvest strategies. Also, the existence of sequential harvest in different fisheries provides unique challenges, because decisions in an individual fishery cannot be made in isolation of the impacts of other fisheries on those stocks. We illustrate the uncertainties and complexities involved in managing mixed stocks of salmon, whether in home-waters or in distant-water fisheries, and examples are given to illustrate how science and management are, or should be, developing to face these challenges.

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7

Murray, Dian. "Book Review: Taiwan's Distant-Water Fisheries in Southeast Asia 1936–1977." International Journal of Maritime History 22, no. 1 (2010): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387141002200137.

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8

(Julia) Xue, Guifang. "China's distant water fisheries and its response to flag state responsibilities." Marine Policy 30, no. 6 (2006): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.09.005.

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9

Chen, Xinjun, Bilin Liu, and Yong Chen. "A review of the development of Chinese distant-water squid jigging fisheries." Fisheries Research 89, no. 3 (2008): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2007.10.012.

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10

Yu, Jin-Kai, and Han-Xiao Wang. "Evolution of distant water fisheries policies in China: Overview, characteristics and proposals." Ocean & Coastal Management 207 (June 2021): 105592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105592.

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11

Al-Abdulrazzak, Dalal, and Daniel Pauly. "Managing fisheries from space: Google Earth improves estimates of distant fish catches." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 3 (2013): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst178.

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Abstract Global fisheries are overexploited worldwide, yet crucial catch statistics reported to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) by member countries remain unreliable. Recent advances in remote-sensing technology allow us to view fishing practices from space and mitigate gaps in catch reporting. Here, we use Google Earth to count intertidal fishing weirs off the coast of six countries in the Persian Gulf, otherwise known as the Arabian Gulf. Although the name of this body of water remains contentious, we use the name used in Google Earth. Combining, in a Monte Carlo procedure, the number of weirs (after correcting for poor resolution and imagery availability) with assumptions about daily catch and fishing season lengths, we estimate that 1900 (±79) weirs contribute to a regional catch up to six times higher than the officially reported catches of 5260 t. These results, which speak to the unreliability of officially reported fisheries statistics, provide the first example of fisheries catch estimates from space, and point to the potential for remote-sensing approaches to validate catch statistics and fisheries operations in general.

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12

Mclntyre, A. D. "The sea and fresh waters." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 87, no. 3-4 (1986): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000004255.

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SynopsisThe pattern of the current Scottish sea fishery is described in terms of landings, value and species. The contribution from fresh water and from aquaculture is also outlined and the possibilities of distant water fisheries noted. The stability of the resource base is examined, and the effects of pollution assessed. For the future of fisheries, the importance of adequate management arrangements coupled with an understanding of how fishing pressure and fluctuations affect the stocks is emphasised.

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13

Sumaila, Ussif Rashid, and Marcelo Vasconcellos. "Simulation of ecological and economic impacts of distant water fleets on Namibian fisheries." Ecological Economics 32, no. 3 (2000): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8009(99)00120-2.

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14

Zhong, Y., and G. Power. "Fisheries in China: progress, problems, and prospects." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 1 (1997): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f96-265.

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China is the leading contributor to world fisheries production. This has been achieved by intensive exploitation of territorial and distant marine waters, by considerable development of mariculture, by extensive use and manipulation of freshwater fish stocks, and by extraordinary expansion and application of better techniques to freshwater culture. Marine capture fisheries were most important until the 1980s when, in response to overexploitation of wild stocks, emphasis shifted to aquaculture. By 1993, aquaculture accounted for more than half of China's fisheries production in spite of considerable expansion of its capture fisheries. Freshwater culture was the biggest fraction, producing 7.9 million t (36.7%). The highest yields were from ponds, followed by reservoirs, lakes, and river channels. Yields per unit area greatly increased because of better rearing methods, polyculture, integrated farm - fish pond culture, introductions of new strains and species, and intensification of culture techniques. Present trends suggest that capture fisheries are approaching their limits. New investments are likely to concentrate on aquaculture. There are risks from disease, deteriorating water quality, use of suboptimal areas, and the demands of increasingly affluent Chinese people. The fisheries sector aims to maximize economic, social, and ecological benefits for Chinese society.

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15

Yu, Jinkai, and Qingchao Han. "Exploring the management policy of distant water fisheries in China: Evolution, challenges and prospects." Fisheries Research 236 (April 2021): 105849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105849.

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16

Huang, Chao-Chin, Shui-Kai Chang, and Shiahn-Wern Shyue. "Sustain or phase out: Transformation of Taiwan’s management scheme on distant water tuna longline fisheries." Marine Policy 123 (January 2021): 104297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104297.

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17

Bergin, Anthony, and Marcus Haward. "The last jewel in a disintegrating crown— The case of japanese distant water Tuna Fisheries." Ocean Development & International Law 25, no. 2 (1994): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908329409546031.

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18

Chang, Shui-Kai, Kun-Yu Liu, and Yann-Huei Song. "Distant water fisheries development and vessel monitoring system implementation in Taiwan—History and driving forces." Marine Policy 34, no. 3 (2010): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.11.001.

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19

An, Ji Eun, and Se Hyun Park. ""A Study on the impact of Korean distant-water fisheries industry according to the discussion of fisheries regulations in the areas beyond national jurisdiction"." Regional Industry Review 43, no. 3 (2020): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33932/rir.43.3.5.

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20

Heidbrink, Ingo. "A Second Industrial Revolution in the Distant-Water Fisheries? Factory-Freezer Trawlers in the 1950s and 1960s." International Journal of Maritime History 23, no. 1 (2011): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387141102300110.

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21

Huang, H.-W., and Y.-M. Yeh. "Impact of Taiwanese distant water longline fisheries on the Pacific seabirds: finding hotspots on the high seas." Animal Conservation 14, no. 5 (2011): 562–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00462.x.

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22

Serdy, Andrew. "Law of the Sea Aspects of the Negotiations in the WTO to Harmonise Rules of Origin." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 22, no. 2 (2007): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180807781361557.

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AbstractA major source of controversy in the protracted Rules of Origin negotiations at the World Trade Organization is the origin to be ascribed to fish taken from the exclusive economic zone. Participants' positions are polarised between views recalling the old great divide between coastal States and distant-water fishing States, one camp seemingly oblivious to the past 50 years' developments in international fisheries law, the other adhering rigidly to a position elevating origin to the status of one of the coastal State's sovereign rights, even though practical considerations make such a rule unworkable. It is concluded that the rules of origin issue does not lend itself to use as a proxy vehicle for advancing legal and policy interests in international fisheries, and a compromise solution is offered that may enhance international fisheries commissions' authority in managing their species. Some problematic aspects of the much less controversial origin rules on minerals recovered from the deep seabed are also considered.

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23

Barston, Ronald. "The Law of the Sea and Regional Fisheries Organisations." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 14, no. 3 (1999): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180899x00174.

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AbstractUnderlying the 1995 UN Straddling Stocks Agreement was the central notion that straddling and highly migratory fish stocks could best be managed through regional (particularly newly formed) institutions. This article explores a number of the constraints and possibilities for the development of institutions on a wider scale. Amongst these are the problems associated with transforming FAO Article VI institutions into executive management organisations. Secondly, multi-party regional agreements require a mutually acceptable distribution of benefits and costs. Matching those elements can be lengthy and complex, especially in those instances in which external parties are the principal benefactors and weak coastal states have no direct distant water fishing interest or capability. New institutions, for this reason, have tended to be responsible for single species such as tuna. There is some risk accordingly that straddling fish stocks may receive less institutional attention. Other important issues centre on the role of non-parties, and disputes between organisations over competence to manage species.

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24

Kelman, Jonathan. "Why Climate Change and State Subsidies Will Collide to Create Fishery Conflict." Journal of Strategic Security 13, no. 4 (2020): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1869.

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Climate change, combined with rising global demand for seafood products, will lead to greater conflict over remaining fisheries. Warming and acidifying oceans are shifting the availability of oxygen and nutrients that are necessary to maintain fish stocks. These changes are likely to increase conflict, both interstate and intrastate, in several important ways. For one, the fish stocks that are already under stress from demand for seafood protein are also shifting location. Most significantly, scarcity will likely draw in greater state involvement in fisheries. As traditional fleets exhaust their territorial waters, domestic political pressure will lead to greater state investment in distant water fishing (DWF) fleets to access fish stocks on the high seas and in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of other states. DWF fleets are destabilizing because they can easily access fishing zones with low levels of enforcement. Their industrial scale and low level of transparency means that they are also more likely to engage in Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activities. States are also more likely to intervene militarily to protect their state-support DWF fleets.

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25

Serdy, Andrew. "POSTMODERN INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES LAW, OR WE ARE ALL COASTAL STATES NOW." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 60, no. 2 (2011): 387–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058931100008x.

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AbstractInternational fisheries law is no longer driven by the clash of interests between coastal and distant-water fishing States, but is increasingly about how States in existing international fisheries, mostly with some degree of responsibility for their depletion, are striving to exclude newcomers. The residual freedom of fishing on the high seas is an obstacle to regulation by international commissions since States outside are not bound by treaties to which they are not party—which in turn creates a disincentive for States inside to accept the necessary restraints. Rules to limit entry to international fisheries are therefore now needed, and articles 8 and 17 of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement come close to this, but their transformation into custom (or that of regulations adopted by fisheries commissions into objective regimes) so as to bind non-parties is being stunted by commissions' self-serving views on what cooperation with them by new entrants to the fisheries entails for the latter. The result is that the modern arguments for exclusion of newcomers bear an uncomfortable resemblance to the discredited 1950s abstention doctrine. This article suggests why those arguments are now meeting little resistance, despite being advanced by States collectively unwilling even to restore depleted stocks to the biomass corresponding to their maximum sustainable yield, as the doctrine would have required (and the current law also does).

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26

MCKELVEY, ROBERT W., LEIF K. SANDAL, and STEIN I. STEINSHAMN. "FISH WARS ON THE HIGH SEAS: A STRADDLING STOCK COMPETITION MODEL." International Game Theory Review 04, no. 01 (2002): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198902000549.

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The post-World War II era saw the development of powerful self-contained fishing fleets, so-called distant-water fleets (DWFs), which roamed the world's oceans, seeking out rich harvesting targets and practicing pulse fishing. With the creation in the 1980s of coastal states' extended economic zones (EEZs), to manage fisheries out to 200 miles from the shore, it was hoped that the DWFs would close down. But the ranges of many important commercial fish stocks straddle the boundaries of several EEZs, and continue out into international waters. Thus, the consequence of creating the EEZs has been to encourage development of coastal countries' national fleets, while the DWFs continue to harvest in international waters. Here, we model the fish war between a DWF and a regionally-based coalition of coastal states, operating out of their EEZs. The outcome is again a pulse fishery, but one which may be even more destructive than was the former situation, when the DWF was unopposed. Finally we point out the relevance of the fish war model to the issue of creating effective multinational Regional Fisheries Management Organisations — a necessary step for achieving sustainable benefit from the harvest of the regional seas.

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Aqorau, Transform, and Anthony Bergin. "The Federated States Of Micronesia Arrangement for Regional Fisheries Access." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 12, no. 1 (1997): 37–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180897x00121.

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AbstractThe small island states of the South Pacific have been developing innovative legal and administrative mechanisms to manage the vast tuna resource in the exclusive economic zones. These are aimed primarily at controlling and regulating the activities of foreign fishing vessels which account for 90 per cent of the tuna catch taken in the region. The short-term objective of these island states is to control the activities of these foreign fishing vessels. Their long-term goal, however, is to develop their own domestic tuna industries. In 1995, the Federated States of Micronesia Arrangement for Regional Fisheries Access entered into force. This Arrangement establishes a framework for vessels that bring quantifiable economic benefits to be given preferential access to the parties' EEZs. This article reviews the Arrangement and argues that it has the potential to form the basis of a new co-operative relationship between the island states and distant water fishing nations.

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Lee, Seokwoo, and Jiayi Wang. "The Criminal Jurisdiction and Applicable Law concerning the Fu Yuan Yu Leng 999 Case." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 6, no. 1 (2021): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-06010011.

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Abstract On 13 August 2017, a Chinese-flagged carrier vessel, Fu Yuan Yu Leng 999, entered the Galapagos Marine Reserve (gmr) without giving appropriate notice, on the captain’s explanation that he entered the area to shelter the vessel from strong winds. Ecuadorian naval aircraft and a coastguard ship began to pursue the vessel from the internal waters and it was intercepted within the territorial sea. This area belongs to the new marine sanctuary of the gmr, where high levels of protection are implemented, and all fishing activities are prohibited. This incident reflects that, as the world’s largest distant-water fisheries (dwf) nation, much more needs to be done by China to crack down on illegal, unreported and unregulated (iuu) fishing and to promote the orderly development of dwf.

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KWON, Youjung, Jung-hyun LIM, Mi Kyung LEE, and Sung Il LEE. "Evaluation of Korean distant water tuna fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean using ecosystem-based fishery risk assessment." Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology 56, no. 4 (2020): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3796/ksfot.2020.56.4.299.

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30

Yu, Jinkai, and Qingchao Han. "Corrigendum to “Exploring the management policy of distant water fisheries in China: Evolution, challenges and prospects” [Fish. Res. 236 (2021) 105849]." Fisheries Research 242 (October 2021): 106058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106058.

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31

Potter, E. C. E., W. W. Crozier, P.-J. Schön, et al. "Estimating and forecasting pre-fishery abundance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Northeast Atlantic for the management of mixed-stock fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 8 (2004): 1359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.08.012.

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Abstract Most exploitation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is restricted to “homewater fisheries”, which operate close to or within the rivers of origin of the stocks, but two “distant-water fisheries” are permitted to operate off the west coast of Greenland and in the Norwegian Sea, and take salmon from a large number of rivers over a wide geographical area. Providing robust quantitative catch advice for these mixed-stock fisheries depends upon the ability to forecast stock abundance for about 2000 salmon river-stocks around the North Atlantic, more than 1500 of which are in Europe. A “run-reconstruction” model is presented for estimating the historic pre-fishery abundance (PFA) of salmon for countries or regions around the Northeast Atlantic, based upon catch data and estimates of non-reporting rates and exploitation rates. These estimates are then used to develop predictive models of PFA on the basis of estimates of the egg deposition, derived from the run-reconstruction model and various environmental data. Although the selected environmental indices correlated with the PFA of both southern and northern European stock complexes, the main statistical significance in the forecast models was provided by temporal trends in the PFA. Clearly, such a model is only tenable in the short term, and will be poor at predicting a major change in stock status. Alternative approaches, based upon juvenile production indices and including Bayesian techniques, are therefore being considered.

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Heidbrink, Ingo. "Natural, artificial or imported? Ice supplies for the German distant-water fisheries as an example of renewable vs. fossil-fuel based supplies." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 4 (2020): 848–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420977960.

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From the early decades of the twentieth century the distant-water fishing fleets relied more or less completely on the use of artificially manufactured ice for the preservation of their catches. Large-scale fossil-fuel powered ice factories in the main European fishing ports provided the ice taken onboard trawlers before they left port for the fishing trip. When the fishing grounds of the Barents Sea and the Svalbard region were developed in the 1930s, bunker capacities of trawlers were no longer sufficient for a journey without re-bunkering coal or ice. Northern Norwegian ports therefore became regularly used as bunker stations for coal and ice, with huge natural ice factories being developed in northern Norway for the supply of trawlers. Those with interests in artificial ice production in continental Europe, particularly in Bremerhaven/Geestemünde, started a campaign against the use of natural ice based on the argument that natural ice was unsanitary and would cause bacterial contamination of the fish. Several authorities became involved and finally an expedition by the Reichskuratorium für Technik in der Landwirtschaft was organized to investigate the issue of bacterial contamination of ice manufactured in northern Norway. With the findings of this expedition clearly showing that there was no contamination issue with the natural ice, it became obvious that the whole campaign against natural ice was not guided by quality concerns, but by the commercial interests of German artificial ice producers. In the end, the whole story can be understood as a key example of how a fossil-fuel powered industry tried to push a competitor using a renewable resource (natural ice) out of the market, and how certain authorities were complicit in this attempt.

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Daverede, A. "The 1992 Fishery Agreement Between the European Economic Community and the Argentine Republic." Leiden Journal of International Law 7, no. 1 (1994): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215650000279x.

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The Fishery Agreement concluded in 1992 between the European Economic Communities and the Republic oj Argentina provides an excellent example of the negotiating process leading to the conclusion of a treaty in the field of international fisheries. The Agreement shows how widely diverging interests and seemingly opposing views can be reconciled by two parties prepared to negotiate constructively and to develop a new generation of agreements. This article should be considered against the background formed by developments in the law of the sea. Particularly in the fields of the protection of the environment, the administration of resources and development policy, and the diverging interests that coastal states and ‘distant water fishing states’ have in these matters. To place the conclusion of this Treaty in the appropriate context, an overview of the structural and economic conditions of the fishery sector in Argentina and the European Communities will be given. Finally, the innovative technicalities of the new treaty will be discussed against this background.

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Mwalyosi, Raphael B. B. "Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Stiegler's Gorge Hydropower Project, Tanzania." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029398.

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Establishment of a planned reservoir at Stiegler's Gorge on the Rufiji River would enable a large amount of highlyvalued energy to be produced. This would represent an important national asset. But although such a large net amount of energy would be realized on a short- to mediumterm basis, its production would be negatively influenced by a variety of reservoir operation options that would be related mainly to irrigated agriculture, fisheries, and water quality, which form trade-offs with hydropower generation.The most significant effect of the dam would be drastic reduction, by controlled discharge, in the frequency of severe floods in the lower Rufiji valley. Floods in excess of 2,500 cubic metres of discharge per second could be reduced in number from some 14 to 3 in 24 years, or from 167 to 13 during 300 years. The most devastating floods would also be reduced—from once in about 8 years to once in maybe 40 years.The STIGO Project impact area contains a major wildlife resource in terms of size, density, and diversity. Its accessibility to Dar es Salaam gives it a great potential for tourism development. As an access road to the dam-site would be a necessary prerequisite to implementation of the STIGO Project, it would indirectly help to open up the Selous Game Reserve to tourism, which is currently being hampered by poor communications. Also, a substantial amount of the forest resources identified along this road could be exploited.No complete populations of animal wildlife would be in danger from direct ecological consequences of river impoundment and dam construction. However, significant proportions of the populations in the STIGO Project impact area of three species (Giraffe, Wildebeest, and Zebra) would be potentially at risk, owing to their need for habitats of restricted range. On the other hand some species, including Crocodile and Hippopotamus, would increase in numbers following creation of the reservoir and improvement of their habitat downstream of the dam (due to swamp drainage).Not withstanding that the ecological impacts of dam construction are relatively minor, the socio-economic impacts on wildlife and conservation values are potentially great—resulting, for instance, from facilitated access to the heart of the Selous Game Reserve and concomitantly increased conflict between wild animals and Man. These circumstances would reduce wilderness values and disturb animal wildlife, so that, especially, commercially valuable species may be expected to decline unless strict regulations are made and enforced.*River impoundment would have very negative impacts on floodplain fisheries and agriculture, the latter of which would probably be changed to irrigated agriculture with artificial fertilization, while floodplain fisheries would totally collapse. Some mangrove stands in the Delta would probably be displaced by reeds. Delta fisheries would be very negatively affected, because of changes in the water regime as well as in salinity levels.Water quality in the planned reservoir and in the downstream area would be negatively affected by the project. The water would often be unfit for human and animal consumption and use, as well as unfavourable for fisheries. The project would also have negative effects on the health of the riparian population, owing to increased potentials for disease vectors.Overall, a high degree of uncertainty is involved in the project. The effect of the primary project (hydropower) would be negative owing to its drastic consequences for the immediate and more distant impact areas. Its image might improve and probably become positive if development in the Basin were carefully controlled and managed. This would require reliable prediction of the impacts and a thorough analysis of the remedial and/or additional measures to arrive at an integrated development strategy for the Basin. Although several measures are planned to eliminate and/or minimize the negative impacts, their implementation may be difficult in view of the bad economic situation of the country.

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Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L., Eric Rehm, Bruce M. Howe, Peter F. Worcester, Georgios Haralabus, and Hanne Sagen. "Envisioning a Global Multi-Purpose Ocean Acoustic Network." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 3 (2021): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.27.

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Abstract Due to the efficient propagation of sound in water, sound in the deep ocean propagates such great distances that soundscapes are influenced not only by local conditions but also by distant sound sources. Ocean Sound is now an Essential Ocean Variable within the Global Ocean Observing System making passive acoustic monitoring routine. Active acoustic probing of the environment informs us about ocean topography, currents and temperature, and abundance and type of marine life vital to fisheries and biodiversity related interests.Efficient sound propagation is the foundation of a proposed multipurpose acoustic network. Judiciously placed low-frequency acoustic sources transmitting to globally distributed passive acoustic systems provide: (1) high temporal resolution measurements of large-scale ocean temperature/heat content variability using tomography; and (2) underwater geo-positioning (UW-GPS) and communication services enabling basin-scale underwater operation of floats, gliders, and AUVs. Every platform (fixed or moving) equipped with a hydrophone becomes a “GPS” receiver, while listening to the ocean soundscape. The combined active and passive acoustic technology will lead to multi-disciplinary discovery and improved understanding of ocean ecosystem health and biodiversity, climate variability and change, marine hazards, and maritime safety. The same system will improve the operation of gliders, floats and AUVs.

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Carvalho, Natacha, and Jordi Guillen. "Economic Impact of Eliminating the Fuel Tax Exemption in the EU Fishing Fleet." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (2021): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052719.

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The EU-27 fishing fleet consumed 2.02 billion liters of fuel to catch 4.48 million tons of fish, valued at €6.7 billion in 2018. The profitability of the EU fishing fleet shows an increasing trend, partly due to the improvements in the energy efficiency and recovery of fish stocks in the North-east Atlantic. Fuel is one of the main expenses fishing fleets have, and therefore, their economic performance remains highly dependent on the fuel price, even if they benefit from a fuel tax exemption. The adoption of the European Green Deal, the revision of the Energy Taxation Directive (ETD), the ongoing World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiation to prohibit harmful fisheries subsidies, and general public opinion are putting pressure to eliminate this tax exemption. This analysis investigates the impacts of the potential elimination of the fuel tax exemption across the different EU fishing fleets and it is discussed to what extent the small-scale, large-scale and distant-water fleets could be affected. This analysis is useful to inform policy-makers and stakeholders on the consequences of the potential elimination of the fuel tax exemption, as well as to discuss potential measures to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts arising from this eventual change in the current regulatory framework.

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Casey, JG, and NE Kohler. "Tagging studies on the Shortfin Mako Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Western North Atlantic." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920045.

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Results of an ongoing Cooperative Shark Tagging Program conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service (USA) are described. In all, 2459 shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) were tagged off the Atlantic coast of North America and in the Gulf of Mexico in the 28-year period between 1962 and 1989. The sharks were tagged by volunteer fishers, scientists aboard research vessels, and US Foreign Fisheries Observers on foreign vessels fishing in US waters. Altogether, 231 recaptures (9.4% of releases) of these tagged sharks have been reported by fishers from 16 countries. The maximum time at liberty is 8.2 years, and the maximum straight-line distance between tag and recapture localities is 2452 nautical miles. One tag was recovered from the European side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Mako shark distribution and migratory patterns in relation to water temperature are discussed for the western North Atlantic.

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Verspoor, Eric, Sonia Consuegra, Olafur Fridjonsson, et al. "Regional mtDNA SNP differentiation in European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): an assessment of potential utility for determination of natal origin." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 9 (2012): 1625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss029.

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Abstract Verspoor, E., Consuegra, S., Fridjonsson, O., Hjorleifsdottir, S., Knox, D., Olafsson, K., Tompsett, S., Wennevik, V., and Garciá de Leániz, C. 2012. Regional mtDNA SNP differentiation in European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): an assessment of potential utility for determination of natal origin. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1625–1636. The Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, shows geographically structured differentiation at various classes of molecular genetic variation, among and within river stocks. Nuclear microsatellite locus variation at multiple loci has been exploited for more than a decade as a marker for the continental origin of fish caught at sea in distant-water fisheries. However, a simpler, more cost-effective, but still accurate, assignment can be obtained using a single microsatellite locus in combination with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detected by restriction enzyme digestion. Following on from this, a preliminary study was made of the potential for using mtDNA SNP variation to enhance the resolving power and cost-effectiveness of within-continent assignment of European salmon as determined using microsatellites. Variation in 20 mtDNA regions, encompassing ∼43% of this genome, in 330 salmon from 29 rivers across Europe, was analysed. High levels of inter-individual and inter-river variation were found, as well as evidence of regional differentiation paralleling observed microsatellite differentiation. The observations indicate scope for using mtDNA SNPs along with microsatellites for genetically based assignment of European salmon to region and river of natal origin, but further study is needed.

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Nuon, Vanna, Sovan Lek, Peng Bun Ngor, Nam So, and Gaël Grenouillet. "Fish Community Responses to Human-Induced Stresses in the Lower Mekong Basin." Water 12, no. 12 (2020): 3522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123522.

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The Mekong River is one of the world’s largest rivers and has an annual captured fish production of about 2.3 million tonnes, equivalent to around 11 billion USD. Although the Mekong provides important ecological and socioeconomic benefits to millions of people, it is facing intensive change due to anthropogenic stressors. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the changes to the spatiotemporal fish communities to inform sustainable fisheries management. Here, we aimed to characterize patterns of the fish communities and identify the ecological status of each fish community using daily catch data from 2007 to 2018 at 25 monitoring sites in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB). The collected data were classified by a self-organizing map into four main groups. Group 4 represented the lower Vietnam Mekong Delta (VMD), while groups 1, 2, and 3 were subdivided into subgroups 1a (upper LMB), 1b (upper and middle LMB), 2a (Mekong River below the Khone Falls and Sesan River), 2b (Mekong River below the Khone Falls and Sekong, Sesan and Srepok (3S) Rivers), 3a (Floodplain-Tonle Sap and Songkhram) and 3b (upper VMD). Among the 571 species recorded, 119 were identified as indicator species. Based on the abundance and biomass comparison curves, the fish community of 2b was in a healthier condition with a positive W-statistic value while the rest had a negative W-statistic value. The highest species richness and diversity were observed in 3a and 2b, so these subgroups deserve high management and conservation priority. Likewise, 1a should also be considered as a high priority area since it harbors several endangered and long-distant migratory fishes. It was also noticed that the fish communities of groups 3 and 4, located far from the hydropower dams, remained mostly unchanged compared to those of groups 1 and 2, close to the mainstream and tributary dams in the upper LMB and 3S Rivers.

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Nasution, Anta Maulana. "THE ROLE OF THE TNI NAVY’S HYDRO-OCEANOGRAPHIC CENTRE IN MANAGING SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES (A STUDY ON PROVIDING HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FOR MANAGING SUSTAINABLE FISHERY)." Jurnal Pertahanan 4, no. 3 (2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v4i3.428.

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Indonesia is a rich country who has many natural resources, especially marine resource. To achieve good and sustainable marine resource management will need marine science as a tool such as hydrography. Nowaday, hydrography is often looked only for creating sea map or nautical chart for navigation. Whereas, if we look deeper about hydrography, it has a key role in fisheries resources management especially for fishermen which is hydrography can be a main support for sustainable fisheries and enhancing economic value. This paper explains about the role of hydrography in supporting economic value for fishermen and sustainable fisheries resource in installation fish aggregating devices (FADs), solving fishermen conflicts, and fisheries port. First, key role in installation FADs, effective and efficient of FADs is depend on the where FADs is installed. There are some criterias that must be considered for installing FADs such as sea depth, distance between FADs, seabed contour, free from shipping lanes, and oceanographic parameters. Those criterias needs data from Hidrography survey. Second, role of hydrography in conflict resolution by creating special map with clear coordinate points to show the boundary of fishing area that often occuring the conflict of fishermen. Third, role of hydrography to determine appropriate place for establishing fishing port. By doing hydrography survey to collect the field data in building jetty, cruise lanes, and break water port.

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Massiot-Granier, Félix, Etienne Prévost, Gérald Chaput, et al. "Embedding stock assessment within an integrated hierarchical Bayesian life cycle modelling framework: an application to Atlantic salmon in the Northeast Atlantic." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 7 (2014): 1653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst240.

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Abstract We developed a hierarchical Bayesian integrated life cycle model for Atlantic salmon that improves on the stock assessment approach currently used by ICES and provides some interesting insights about the population dynamics of a stock assemblage. The model is applied to the salmon stocks in eastern Scotland. It assimilates a 40-year (1971–2010) time-series of data compiled by ICES, including the catches in the distant water fisheries at Faroes and West Greenland and estimates of returning fish abundance. Our model offers major improvements in terms of statistical methodology for A. salmon stock assessment. Uncertainty about inferences is readily quantified in the form of Bayesian posterior distributions for parameters and abundance at all life stages, and the model could be adapted to provide projections based on the uncertainty derived from the estimation phase. The approach offers flexibility to improve the ecological realism of the model. It allows the introduction of density dependence in the egg-to-smolt transition, which is not considered in the current ICES assessment method. The results show that this modifies the inferences on the temporal dynamics of the post-smolt marine survival. In particular, the overall decrease in the marine survival between 1971 and 2010 and the sharp decline around 1988–1990 are dampened when density dependence is considered. The return rates of smolts as two-sea-winter (2SW) fish has declined in a higher proportion than return rates as one-sea-winter (1SW) fish. Our results indicate that this can be explained either by an increase in the proportion maturing as 1SW fish or by an increase in the mortality rate at sea of 2SW fish, but the data used in our analyses do not allow the likelihood of these two hypotheses to be gauged.

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Haambiya, L., H. Mussa, and M. Mulumpwa. "A review on the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in fisheries management: A case of Mbenji island small-scale fishery in Malawi." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 20, no. 07 (2020): 17113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.95.18195.

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Fisheries management has evolved in Malawi from a traditional system to a centralized regime and lately to co-management fisheries systems, although, success stories about sustainability of the fishery resources are few. Open access nature of fisheries resources has posed a challenge to management regimes. Resource over exploitation has continued in a majority of fisheries worsened by large stretches of the shoreline manned by a single fisheries field staff, and limited capacity by DoF to monitor and manage the fishery. However, isolated localities have upheld management styles that have facilitated sustainable exploitation. Mbenji Island fishery ‘managers’ have ensured high compliance to fisheries rules and regulations among fishers through strict enforcement and maintained abundant fish stocks amid visibly declining levels of fish in vast localities of Lake Malawi and other water bodies in Malawi. There is,therefore, need to take the Mbenji Island success story to other fishing communities to learn from their fisheries management strategies. Information Communication Technology (ICT) as a powerful means in mobilizing communities to take charge of their own development should support ‘best practices’ and offer fishing communities access to the same type of services and advantages. If appropriately applied,ICT can provide for real-time monitoring of fisheries resources as fishers alarm law enforcers to move in at appropriate times. Fishers also strike deals on mobile phones for the day's catch even before landing at shore. This reduces post-harvest waste from delayed handling of fish. Computers have been used for data management, storage and analysis as well as accessing internet services. Studies have shown commonalities in fisher communities in terms of socio-economic and cultural characteristics. On the basis of such an advantage, more could be shared among such communities. Management success can be adopted by other communities of fishers through use of ICT such as radio programs (supplemented by phone-in sessions) undertaken by local-level resource users. These programs provide locally available information and knowledge on best practices aimed at sustainability with means within communities. This encourages community members in other localities to come together to seek the way forward on the basis of lessons from successful communities aired on local radio stations (both community or national radio stations). It is easier to adopt practices that have worked in near vicinities. After all,what is currently called co-management is seemingly based on indigenous knowledge of fishers and other resource users. Mbenji Island is one of the custodians of ICT option in small-scale fisheries management of Lake Malawi. Information Communication Technology provides opportunity for both the Malawi Department of Fisheries (DoF) and fishers with information about fisher community activities including catch and market regardless of distance.

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Ta-Yuan, Chen. "The Taiwanese Fishing Industry. The Military and Political Complex." European Journal of East Asian Studies 9, no. 1 (2010): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156805810x517715.

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AbstractTaiwan was subjected to the longest period of martial law in history, from 1948 to 1987, and for this period of time the fishing industry of Taiwan was closely controlled and monitored by the government and the military. From 1951 to 1982, the fisheries authorities of Taiwan were controlled to a large extent by high-ranking military officers. Besides this, the military also used a variety of methods to track the movement of fishermen in distant waters. Under such strict control and surveillance of the government, only a few politicians were willing to speak on behalf of the interests of Taiwan's fishing industry. The situation did not improve until two young men from the local fishing industry were elected into the national parliaments in 1972.

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Debertin, Allan J., J. Mark Hanson, and Simon C. Courtenay. "Linking zooplankton assemblages with oceanographic zones in an Atlantic coastal ecosystem." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 6 (2018): 868–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0342.

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Shallow (5–35 m depth) coastal waters, with their proximity to human populations, are likely to experience greater changes to ecosystem structure and functions from climate change and human impacts than offshore waters. Concerns of declining fisheries landings and deteriorating habitat quality in Northumberland Strait led to an assessment by Fisheries and Oceans Canada of the state of the environment and biota including zooplankton during the summer. In this paper we describe spatial structure of zooplankton (three distinct assemblages) and determined that two oceanographic zones can explain the spatial variation. Using distance-based linear models, bottom water temperature and surface water salinity explained 16% to 25% of the variation in zooplankton composition for each year of the survey. We used retrospective analyses to estimate what the zooplankton assemblage may have resembled in the early 1990s from data of oceanographic conditions. Given the prediction of warming oceans by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we provide a means of predicting zooplankton composition and their distribution, with implications for the planktivorous fishes that prey upon them.

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Morton, RM, I. Halliday, and D. Cameron. "Movement of tagged juvenile tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix) in Moreton Bay, Queensland." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 6 (1993): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930811.

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Large quantities of tailor, Pomatomus saltatrix, are caught by recreational and commercial fishers in coastal waters off New South Wales and Queensland. Juvenile tailor were subject to increasing fishing mortality in Moreton Bay (Queensland) in the mid 1980s. A tagging programme, involving State Government fisheries biologists and amateur fishing clubs, was established in 1986 to examine the movement, growth rate and fisheries exploitation of juvenile tailor (<270 mm fork length) in Moreton Bay. Of 2173 juvenile tailor tagged in Moreton Bay during February-July and December 1987, 237 were recaptured over a period of 30 months, representing a recapture rate of 11%. This was a high recapture rate compared with those in similar finfish tagging studies carried out in Moreton Bay. The recaptured fish moved relatively short distances (mean�s.d., 10.2 � 15.0 km; maximum distance, 85 km). Growth data were unreliable. Estuaries such as Moreton Bay function as nursery areas for tailor prior to their movement onto open surf beaches as adult fish. A legal minimum length for tailor was introduced on the basis of this study.

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Mason, James, A. W. Newton, D. W. McKay, and J. A. M. Kinnear. "Fisheries in the Orkney area." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 87, no. 1-2 (1985): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000004164.

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SynopsisFishing has long played an important part in the economy of Orkney. Local vessels are all small, and fish predominantly inshore for shellfish. Demersal and pelagic fish are abundant in the offshore waters around Orkney, but these exposed waters can be fished only by large vessels from more distant ports, so that few fish are landed in the islands.Gadoids, especially haddock, cod and whiting, form the bulk of the demersal fish caught at Orkney. Stocks of all three are giving cause for concern, with declining spawning stock biomass and reduced recruitment. With the coming of processing, more local landing of demersal fish might occur. The closure of the herring fishery in 1977 was followed by a great expansion of mackerel fishing, but with the lifting of the ban west of 4CW in 1981, herring catches have once again become valuable. Because of fishing pressure, landings of both species are subject to quota restrictions.In recent years, the traditional fisheries for lobsters and crabs have been supplemented by a new fishery for scallops. Lobster stocks are now under some pressure. Conditions around Orkney appear suited to farming filter-feeding bivalve molluscs, and culture and marketing of Pacific oysters has started.

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Sari, Ratih Purnama, and Shiffa Febyarandika Shalichaty. "KAJIAN ASPEK TEKNIS PERIKANAN GILLNET BERBASIS EAFM (ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT) DI PERAIRAN DUMAI." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 7, no. 1 (2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v7i1.1858.

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The local government law regulated the management of 0 – 12 miles waters carried out by the province so that fishermen can operate their fishing gear without differentiating districts. Catch fishing was not limited to one kind of fishing gear and it caused the increasing of fishing capacity. The limited area of fishing with the distance of 2 miles from coast can caused fisheries utilization resources was not balanced. Therefore this study needed to be conducted to assess the status of development of gillnet fishing activities in Dumai waters. Data was collected by conducting interviews in the form of: fishing units, selectivity, sustainability of function and size of fishing vessel with legal documents, and modification of fishing gear. The data results based on 5 fishing technical aspects explained that the fishing utilization of gillnet still could be developed. However, the data of fishing vessel documents have to be well recorded according to the reality so that government could develop the responsible fishing activities.

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Kirkwood, Roger, Michael Lynch, Nick Gales, Peter Dann, and Michael Sumner. "At-sea movements and habitat use of adult male Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 12 (2006): 1781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-164.

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Foraging by adult male otariids, a demographic component that often interacts with commercial fisheries, are poorly known. To assess movement patterns and habitat use, nine adult male Australian fur seals ( Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus Wood Jones, 1925) from Seal Rocks, in northern Bass Strait, southeastern Australia, were tracked for periods ranging from 66 to 223 d during 1999–2001. Mean ± SD at-sea and on-land durations were 6.9 ± 2.1 d (range 2.3–10.3 d, n = 9 seals) and 2.4 ± 0.9 d (range 0.8–4.1 d), respectively. All seals foraged almost exclusively in continental shelf waters and mostly (65%–97% of time at sea) in water columns that were between 40 and 100 m deep. Six of nine seals tracked for >30 d spent 64%–98% of their time-at-sea foraging at distances <200 km from Seal Rocks, although the maximum distance achieved from the colony was 1208 km. The seals’ foraging ranges overlapped with the ranges of operation of virtually all fin-fish fisheries in southeastern Australia, but fisheries overlap was low in the most frequented foraging area of central-western Bass Strait.

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Limbu, Jash Hang, and Archana Prasad. "Environmental Variables and Fisheries Diversity of the Nuwa River, Panchthar, Nepal." Scientific World 13, no. 13 (2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30542.

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The fish samples were collected from October 2017 to June 2018 in Nuwa River from four sampling stations by using cast net, bamboo fish trap and mosquito nets. Environmental parameters: water temperature, dissolved Oxygen (DO), CO2, pH, hardness and water velocity were analyzed during each field visit. Eight fish species were collected in present study. The most copious species were Schizothorax plagiostomus, and Schistura multifaciatus. Shannon-Weiner fish diversity index and species richness recorded were highest at station I and lowest at station III, similarly, evenness index was highest at station I and lowest at station III. The water volume, water depth, and the availability of substrates were found to be major influential factors for the weight and length of the fishes. The redundancy analysis (RDA) portrayed that environmental variables like dissolved oxygen, free- carbon dioxide, and pH were found to be pivotal variables to shape the fish assemblage structure of Nuwa River. The cluster analysis delineated that similarity between fish species subsided as the distance of sites turgid.

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Kaemingk, Mark A., Keith L. Hurley, Christopher J. Chizinski, and Kevin L. Pope. "Harvest–release decisions in recreational fisheries." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 1 (2020): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0119.

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Most fishery regulations aim to control angler harvest. Yet, we lack a basic understanding of what actually determines the angler’s decision to harvest or release fish caught. We used XGBoost, a machine learning algorithm, to develop a predictive angler harvest–release model by taking advantage of an extensive recreational fishery data set (24 water bodies, 9 years, and 193 523 fish). We were able to successfully predict the harvest–release outcome for 99% of fish caught in the training data set and 96% of fish caught in the test data set. Unsuccessful predictions were mostly attributed to predicting harvest of fish that were released. Fish length was the most essential feature examined for predicting angler harvest. Other important predictive harvest–release features included the number of individuals of the same species caught, geographic location of an angler’s residence, distance traveled, and time spent fishing. The XGBoost algorithm was able to effectively predict the harvest–release decision and revealed hidden and intricate relationships that are often unaccounted for with classical analysis techniques. Exposing and accounting for these angler–fish intricacies is critical for fisheries conservation and management.

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