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Lowry, James. „“Displaced archives”: proposing a research agenda“. Archival Science 19, Nr. 4 (24.09.2019): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10502-019-09326-8.
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Abstract In the opening keynote speech at the Eighth International Conference on the History of Records and Archives (I-CHORA 8) in Melbourne, Australia, the author provided an overview of archival displacement as an historical phenomenon, before concentrating on postcolonial cases and arguing for a fuller global history of the displacement of archives during decolonisation. The talk concluded with some thoughts on future directions for research on displaced archives. Understanding the term “displaced archives” to refer to any records that have been removed from the context of their creation and whose ownership is disputed, this short article elaborates further upon a potential research agenda for displaced archives, which remains an under-researched area in archival studies.
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Shepard, Todd. „“Of Sovereignty”: Disputed Archives, “Wholly Modern” Archives, and the Post-Decolonization French and Algerian Republics, 1962–2012“. American Historical Review 120, Nr. 3 (01.06.2015): 869–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/120.3.869.
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Mark, Eduard. „In Re Alger Hiss: A Final Verdict from the Archives of the KGB“. Journal of Cold War Studies 11, Nr. 3 (Juli 2009): 26–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2009.11.3.26.
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The notes and transcriptions that Alexander Vassiliev made during several years of work in the archive of the former KGB resolve many of the early Cold War's espionage cases. Hitherto unexploited materials in the collection relate directly to the case of the diplomat Alger Hiss. They conclusively show that Hiss was, as Whittaker Chambers charged more than six decades ago, an agent of Soviet military intelligence (GRU) in the 1930s. With other evidence, Vassiliev's notebooks also establish with very high probability that Hiss was the Soviet agent “Ales” mentioned in a much-disputed Venona cable. This article provides a systematic review of the evidence on the case.
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Atakul-Özdemir, Ayse, Xander Warren, Peter G. Martin, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, Mirko Holler, Federica Marone, Carlos Martínez-Pérez und Philip C. J. Donoghue. „X-ray nanotomography and electron backscatter diffraction demonstrate the crystalline, heterogeneous and impermeable nature of conodont white matter“. Royal Society Open Science 8, Nr. 8 (August 2021): 202013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202013.
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Conodont elements, microfossil remains of extinct primitive vertebrates, are commonly exploited as mineral archives of ocean chemistry, yielding fundamental insights into the palaeotemperature and chemical composition of past oceans. Geochemical assays have been traditionally focused on the so-called lamellar and white matter crown tissues; however, the porosity and crystallographic nature of the white matter and its inferred permeability are disputed, raising concerns over its suitability as a geochemical archive. Here, we constrain the characteristics of this tissue and address conflicting interpretations using ptychographic X-ray-computed tomography (PXCT), pore network analysis, synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (srXTM) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). PXCT and pore network analyses based on these data reveal that while white matter is extremely porous, the pores are unconnected, rendering this tissue closed to postmortem fluid percolation. EBSD analyses demonstrate that white matter is crystalline and comprised of a single crystal typically tens of micrometres in dimensions. Combined with evidence that conodont elements grow episodically, these data suggest that white matter, which comprises the denticles of conodont elements, grows syntactically, indicating that individual crystals are time heterogeneous. Together these data provide support for the interpretation of conodont white matter as a closed geochemical system and, therefore, its utility of the conodont fossil record as a historical archive of Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic ocean chemistry.
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ARNOLD, PHOEBE. „STATISTICAL LITERACY IN PUBLIC DEBATE – EXAMPLES FROM THE UK 2015 GENERAL ELECTION“. STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 16, Nr. 1 (31.05.2017): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/serj.v16i1.225.
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Full Fact is an independent, non-partisan fact-checking charity. A particular focus is the analysis of factual claims in political debate in the UK; for example, fact-checking claims and counterclaims made during Prime Minister’s questions. Facts do not appear in a vacuum as they are often used as key elements in an effort to make a coherent argument. This paper describes a number of case histories where facts are disputed, drawn from our election work, to give an overview of the contemporary state of statistical literacy among politicians and the media. Common pitfalls in politicians’ claims are set out, along with descriptions of our attempts to close the communication gap between different communities. First published May 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
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Idriz, Mesut. „Demographic Structure of the 18th Century Ottoman Rule in the Balkans: A Study of Judicial Records (Qādī Sijil) in Manastir“. IJISH (International Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities) 3, Nr. 2 (17.10.2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijish.v3i2.2238.
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Based on archival materials left by the Ottomans, it has become incumbent upon the Ottoman or Balkan historian to investigate and analyze as objectively as possible the history of Ottoman rule in this region. Among all the documents contained in the Ottoman archives those of the judicial records (Shari’ah or Qadi Sijils) are considered to be the most important. In them we have both a reliable objective source and a chronology of history with regard to the Balkans and other regions. These records were not merely compilations of bureaucratic, administrative and verbose data relating only to judicial, social, architectural, economic, and agricultural undertones. These facts are already explicitly stated in the Sijils themselves. It is, however, implicit facts which are of great importance and which are of enormous historical significance. Demographic structure is among the most complicated and disputed issue among the historians of religion and social sciences. Taking into consideration the objective data found in the Shari’ah Sijils, particularly to those pertaining to the most important district of the Ottomans in the Balkans namely Manastir (today Bitola), the subject of demography will be analyzed as objectively as possible. In addition, in this article, both explicit and implicit facts will be studied.
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Akhter, Majed. „Adjudicating infrastructure: Treaties, territories, hydropolitics“. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2, Nr. 4 (31.07.2019): 831–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619864913.
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In 2013, an international Court of Arbitration delivered a two-part decision on the legality of the Kishenganga Hydro-Electric Plant, located in the internationally disputed territory of Kashmir. The court was convened under procedures detailed in the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, a landmark international water treaty between Pakistan and India mediated by the World Bank in the 1950s. The Kishenganga case is part of the ongoing hydropolitical competition between Pakistan and India over the use of Indus waters and the development of new infrastructures on the river system. This paper draws on critical water geography and geopolitical theory to guide a close, critical, and contextual reading of competing interpretations of the purpose and objective of the Indus Waters Treaty made during the Kishenganga case. It argues that two specific geopolitical imperatives powerfully shaped the legal strategies of state elites: downstream territorialism and basin developmentalism. Pakistani lawyers drew on the treaty negotiation archives to argue that its primary objective and purpose was the protection of vulnerable downstream territories. Indian lawyers, however, drew on the text of the treaty and the archives to argue the primary objective was the maximum economic development of the Indus Basin. I also discuss the relationship of these imperatives with David Harvey’s influential understanding of capitalist states acting under the dual pressures of the “territorial” and “capitalist” imperatives. By analyzing how geopolitical imperatives shape strategies of treaty interpretation, the paper develops a legal and geopolitical contribution to critical water geography. The paper also makes a methodological contribution by demonstrating how treaty negotiation archives represent a rich and underutilized resource for hydropolitical analysis.
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Trew1, Johanne Devlin. „The Forgotten Irish?“ Ethnologies 27, Nr. 2 (23.02.2007): 43–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014041ar.
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The Irish in Newfoundland have developed their culture and identity over the past 300 years in the context of the island’s changing political status from independent territory, to British colony, and to Canadian province (since 1949). Newfoundland song, dance and dialect all display evident Irish features and have played an important role in the marketing of the province as a tourist destination. Recent provincial government initiatives to forge contacts with Celtic Tiger Ireland and thus revive this powerfully “imagined” Atlantic network have also contributed to the notion of the “Irishness” of Newfoundland culture. The narrative of Newfoundland as an Irish place, however, has always been (and continues to be) contested; this is most evident in a local discourse of space and place that is grounded in two predominant narratives of the Newfoundland nation: Republican and Confederate. The author illustrates how this contested spatial discourse has recently played out over the disputed terrain of theThe Rooms, the new home of Newfoundland’s provincial museum, art gallery and archives.
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Hinai, Abdulmohsin Said Al. „Archives and its Role in Preserving the Nation Memory: Legal and Scientific Use of the Records and the Role of National Records and Archives Authority in Oman as a Model“. Atlanti 26, Nr. 2 (25.10.2016): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.26.2.197-208(2016).
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The history of archives is very old. Thousands of clay tablets dating into to the third and second millennium B.C were found in cities such as Elba, Syria (2350 B.C.). These archives have been fundamental for understanding ancient alphabets, languages, culture, political and social structure prevailing in those time. Archives were established by the Church from the fifth century and are kept till nowadays. People started to register and record their activity and events, in the rocks, animal bones and skin. Archives play an important role in the nation memory. Archives and records are important for organizations, individuals and the community. They give and provide us an evidence and information about past events and actions. Record keeping has a long history in different civilization, and archives transfer to us the evaluation of the human mind and the understanding of different events during the history, like the collapse of civilization, boundaries dispute, wars that decimated the humans... Archives collect original unpublished material or primary sources; these records are unique and irreparable. If an archival record is damaged, stolen or exposed to various dangers such as wars and terrorist attacks, the information it contains is lost forever. Archives can be an incredibly rich holder of information that should be kept according to legislation and regulations in favour of the archive staff or its clients and should enable the scientific, legal and public use of preserved archival records. This paper will describe in brief these uses and reflect to National Records and Archives Authority in Oman as example.
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Herrero Jiménez, Mauricio. „El valor de los documentos reales en los procesos de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid = The Value of Royal Documents in the Judicial Trials of the Royal Chancellery of Valladolid“. Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval, Nr. 31 (11.05.2018): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfiii.31.2018.20796.
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El trabajo tiene por objeto mostrar cómo, a causa de la inexistencia en Castilla de archivo real hasta 1540 y por el cuidado que las catedrales y los monasterios tuvieron de sus archivos, estos pudieron defender sus derechos y sus patrimonios en la Real Chancillería de Valladolid, en caso de que se les disputaran, aportando como pruebas los documentos reales que conservaron en sus archivos. En el alto tribunal vallisoletano se sacaron y guardaron las copias de los documentos presentados en los pleitos, por lo que se conservó en su archivo parte de los testimonios de la gracia regia que los monarcas castellanos otorgaron a monasterios y catedrales y no guardaron en el archivo real en la Edad Media, como sí hizo, entre otros, el monasterio de Santa María la Real de las Huelgas de Valladolid, cuyos documentos han sido fuente esencial en este trabajo.The purpose of the work is to show how, due to the absence in Castile of a royal archive until 1540, and thanks to the care taken by cathedrals and monasteries of their institutional archives, they were able to defend their rights and their estates before the Royal Chancellery of Valladolid in case of a dispute by presenting as evidence the actual documents that they preserved in their archives. Copies of the documents presented in the trials of the high tribunal of Valladolid were taken from and kept in its archives. Hence, part of the evidence of royal grants that the Castilian monarchs conferred on monasteries and cathedrals that were not kept in a royal archive were preserved in those of the Chancellery. This is the case of the monastery of Santa María la Real de las Huelgas of Valladolid, whose documents have been an essential source for this study.
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Burch, Stuart. „Norden, Reframed“. Culture Unbound 2, Nr. 5 (17.12.2010): 565–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10233565.
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This paper calls for Norden to be understood as a metaframe. Related formulations like “Nordic art” or “Nordic welfare” function as mesoframes. These trigger multiple framing devices. A cache of related framing devices constitutes a framing archive. Framing devices work best when operating unobtrusively such that inclusions, exclusions and inconsistencies are condoned or naturalised. Their artifice, however, becomes apparent whenever a frame is questioned. Questioning or criticising a frame gives rise to a framing dispute.
The theoretical justification for these typologies is provided at the outset. This schema is then applied to a select range of empirical examples drawn largely from the disciplinary frames (Ernst 1996) of art history and museum studies. Despite this specificity it is envisaged that the general principles set out below can and will be used to address a variety of devices, disputes and archives in Norden and beyond.
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Hassim, L., S. Coetzee und V. Rautenbach. „ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING: EVALUATING SOLAR POTENTIAL ASSESSMENTS FOR INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS USING GRASS AND FREELY AVAILABLE DATA“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (11.07.2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-69-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Informal settlements, also known as slums or shanty towns, are characterised by rapid and unstructured expansion, poorly constructed buildings, and in some cases, they are on disputed land. Such settlements often lack basic services, such as electricity. As a result, informal settlement dwellers turn to hazardous alternative sources of energy, such as illegal electricity connections and paraffin. Solar power is a clean and safe alternative. However, informal settlements are often located on undesirable land on the urban fringe where the topography may hinder the use of solar energy. The high density of dwellings could also be a hindrance. Therefore, the solar potential needs to be assessed before any implementations are planned. Solar potential assessment functionality is generally available in geographic information system (GIS) products. The nature, cost and accessibility of datasets required for the assessment vary significantly. In this paper, we evaluate the results of solar potential assessments using GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) for a number of different datasets. The assessments were done for two informal settlements in the City of Tshwane (South Africa): Alaska, which is nestled on a hill; and Phomolong, a densely populated settlement with a rather flat topography. The results show that solar potential assessments with open source GIS software and freely available data are feasible. This eliminates the need for lengthy and bureaucratic procurement processes and reduces the financial costs of assessing solar potential for informal settlements.</p>
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Sousa, G., G. Carlos, R. Florentino und T. Bermudez. „MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF THE VERNACULAR SETTLEMENTS IN USHGULI (UPPER SVANETI, GEORGIA)“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24.07.2020): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-189-2020.
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Abstract. Ushguli, located in the Upper Svaneti region (Georgia), represents the highest point of human occupation before the permanent snowed highlands that separate Georgia from Russia. The local inhabitants (Svan) are described as an aggressive community with warrior habits. Their history is one of permanent conflict. Most of the major empires of the ancient world (Persia, Greece, Rome and Byzantium) disputed this territory. In the Middle Ages, when natural conditions secured their isolation, the established feudal system preserved, until recent times, the warrior culture of the Svan through a judicial system based on blood feuds. The necessity to defend their territory from invaders, as well as the violent conflicts between families, influenced their settlement morphology, as well as their vernacular architecture. Four small settlements (Chvibiani, Zhibiani, Chazhashi and Murkmeli) constitute the Ushguli province, inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list since 1996. This paper aims to study the Ushgulli traditional urban morphology, which does not correspond to any classical urban element. The overlapping between private and public spaces and the inexistence of a standard concept of street or square are some of their peculiar features; some of which have an important influence on the organization of vernacular buildings. These buildings do not present a dominating facade or any other type of hierarchical composition towards the exterior. Under the scope of the Project 3D Past a multidisciplinary approach (Architecture, Urban Morphology and History) is used to better understand the original features of these peculiar settlements.
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Pathak, Bishnu. „Nepo-India Territorial Disputes Transformation by Dialogue Means“. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, Nr. 2 (28.02.2021): 573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9729.
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Nepo is a prefix appellation of Nepal. This study is a review that connects with disputed Kalapani area. And it interacts with the concerned actors/institutions motivating for change professed through fundamental transformation by dialogical means. Its objectives are three-fold: (i) to examine the Nepo-India territorial dispute; (ii) to analyse the voices of all Tracks; and (iii) to find-out ways of dispute transformation through Dialogue Track. The lessons-learned centric approach inspired the author to undertake this study. The paper is prepared based on archival research with author’s over 100 international publications tracking snow-ball techniques. Dialogue shares possible transformative ways for negotiation. Any dispute leaves the most significant impact – victimizes the people at the local levels (Dialogue Track 3) the most. Grassroots people are honestly guided by ‘social service is the best philanthropic work of life’ and voluntarily participate in resolving the local dispute. Dialogue Track 2 is an unarmed peacekeeping or watchdog body which belongs to the leaders of professionals at the provincial levels. It connects between Track 1 and Track 3 dimensions. Dialogue Track 1 is the ambitious, complex and supreme authoritative body to hold official dialogue and transform the dispute signing negotiation. The dialogue transforms 3ds (difference, denial and divergence) of dispute in the new form ‘just’ by peaceful means. India adopts 4ds (delay, deny, dilute and deceive) strategies for dialogue in the lack of required testimonies. World’s largest democratic country India isolates itself in this region as it has territorial disputes with all the adjoining neighbours in the absence of sincere dialogue. Therefore, it is high time India sorted out the fault lines in its democracy.
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Moggach, Douglas. „Art, Objectivity, and Idea: Bruno Bauer's Critique of Kant and the Theory of Infinite Self-consciousness“. Hegel Bulletin 22, Nr. 1-2 (Januar 2001): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200001592.
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Students of the Hegelian school must acknowledge an abiding debt to Ernst Barnikol. Upon his death in 1968, he left uncompleted a voluminous manuscript on Bruno Bauer, representing over forty years of research. Of this manuscript, conserved at the International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam, only a fraction has been published, but even this fraction, in its almost six hundred pages, continues to set standards in the field for meticulous scholarship, rigorous analysis, and balanced criticism. Barnikol's interests were primarily theological, though he recognised clearly that Bauer's religious critique was politically motivated. Barnikol also discovered, but did not publish, Bauer's 1829 Latin manuscript on Kant's aesthetics. This text, adjudicated by Hegel and awarded the Prussian royal prize in philosophy, had been deposited among Hegel's correspondence in the archives of the Humboldt-Universität, Berlin. It was first published in 1996, in the original Latin, with German translation and commentary. In referring to his discovery, Barnikol made a substantive claim which must be disputed here, that Bauer's early text remained without influence on his subsequent work. Focusing on Bauer's depiction of art, and on the relation of art and religion as manifestations of spirit, we can trace lines of continuity and development in his thought, from his 1829 manuscript to his writings of 1841-42. The central idea of the early manuscript, a Hegelian conception of the unity of thought and being, is the key to deciphering the complex and elusive meaning of Bauer's critical theory in the Vormdrz.
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Kumor-Gomułka, Bożena. „Od sporu do księgozbioru, czyli o posekularyzacyjnej genezie i rozwoju idei gromadzenia literatury fachowej w dawnym Archiwum Państwowym we Wrocławiu Staatsarchiv Breslau do 1945 roku“. Roczniki Biblioteczne 61 (04.06.2018): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0080-3626.61.7.
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OD SPORU DO KSIĘGOZBIORU, CZYLI O POSEKULARYZACYJNEJ GENEZIE I ROZWOJU IDEI GROMADZENIA LITERATURY FACHOWEJ W DAWNYM ARCHIWUM PAŃSTWOWYM WE WROCŁAWIU STAATSARCHIV BRESLAU DO 1945 ROKUTrudności w utworzeniu biblioteki archiwalnej w pierwszych latach istnienia Archiwum na skutek sporów między archiwistą J.G.G. Büschingiem a dyrektorem Centralnej Biblioteki Śląskiej J.G. Schneiderem. Pierwsze nabytki biblioteczne. Działalność Wilhelma Wattenbacha. Nabytki, organizacja i pomieszczenia biblioteki archiwalnej do 1945 roku.FROM A DISPUTE TO A BOOK COLLECTION, I.E. ON THE POST-SECULARISATION ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF COLLECTING THE SPECIALIST LITERATURE IN THE FORMER STATE ARCHIVES IN WROCŁAW STAATSARCHIV BRESLAU UNTIL 1945Specialist literature collected from the first few decades of the existence of the State Archives in Wrocław was a form of specialist aid, with time becoming a collection complementing archive materials. The idea to compile the first independent collection emerged from a conflict between the first archivist, Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching and the director, from 1812, of the Central Silesian Library, located in the same building on the Sand Island, Johann Gottlob Schneider, an advocate of abolishing the existing privilege of free access of archivists to the library. The process of amassing archive literature was developed on a broader scale after Schneider’s death in 1822. Among the first publications acquired by the director of the then Royal Silesian Provincial Archives later State Archives, Gustav Adolf Harald Stenzel, were Johann Sinapius’ Schlesische Curiositäten and Friedrich Vater’s Repertorium der preussischen schlesischen Verfassung. Another source for obtaining specialist literature was regular donations from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Considerablesupport for the creation of a typical archive library came from the director, from 1852, of thePrussian State Archives, Karl Wilhelm von Lancizolle, author of the first guidelines on collecting archive specialist literature. Soon another director of the Wrocław institution, Wilhelm Wattenbach, compiled a separate catalogue of acquisitions for the library collection. Eventually, the book collection of the former Staatsarchiv Breslau grew to about 30,000 volumes and contained all the most significant Silesian-themed works from the past. This made the Wrocław archive library ranked sixth among the forty libraries functioning in German state archives. However, the collection was lost when the Archives building in Tiergartenstrasse 13 was destroyed in 1945. Efforts to organise again specialist, Polish State Archives in Wrocław from scratch were undertaken already in the first few years after the second world war and have continued to this day.
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Kortunov, Aleksey, und Elena Godovova. „Land disputes between the Kirghiz-Kaisaks and the Orenburg Cossacks in the Novolineyny District of the Orenburg Region for second half of the 19th century“. OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, Nr. 10 (01.10.2020): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi15.
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The article is devoted to the characterization and solution of land disputes continuing throughout the second half of the 19th century. in the Novolineyny region of the Orenburg province between the Orenburg Cossacks and the Kyrgyz-Kaisaks nomadic in this territory. The article was written on the basis of archival materials from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archives, the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the State Archives of the Orenburg Region. Most of the documents are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors come to the conclusion that the creation of the Novolineyny district, on the one hand, resolved the interethnic border conflicts between the Bashkirs, the nomads of the Younger Zhuz and the Cossacks living nearby in this territory, but on the other hand led to land disputes between the Orenburg Cossacks resettled here and the Kyrgyz-Kaisaks who roamed here. The confrontation lasted until the beginning of the twentieth century, namely, until the Kirghiz-Kaisaks were resettled to another territory.
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Borysiuk, Piotr. „Próba likwidacji statusu „archiwów państwowych wyodrębnionych” w projekcie ustawy – Prawo archiwalne z 1995 r.“ Archeion, Nr. 121 (2020): 122–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/26581264arc.20.005.12962.
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An attempt to remove the status of “separated state archives” in the bill on archives 1995 The objective of the article is to present the processing of the Bill on Archives of 1995 by focusing on the removal of the “separated state archive” status (currently “separated archives”), especially in the context of the resistance of the Ministry of the Interior. The conflict was related to an issue that was especially important at the time: the introduction of non-ministry supervision and control over separated archives, especially archives of the department of the interior (including special services), by the General Director for Polish Archives. The study shows the scale and the dynamics of the cross-institutional dispute, which involved the Ministry of Education and the Head Office of State Archives on one side and the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the other. Ultimately, despite attempts at mediation within the Office of the Council of Ministers and the Social and Political Committee of the Council of Ministers, no compromise was reached and the bill was never enacted. The study also identifies the dissents, related in particular to homeland security, between the circles representing national archives and the environment of the separated archives, and presents how they perceived each other.
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Borysiuk, Piotr. „Próba likwidacji statusu „archiwów państwowych wyodrębnionych” w projekcie ustawy – Prawo archiwalne z 1995 r.“ Archeion, Nr. 121 (2020): 122–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/26581264arc.20.005.12962.
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An attempt to remove the status of “separated state archives” in the bill on archives 1995 The objective of the article is to present the processing of the Bill on Archives of 1995 by focusing on the removal of the “separated state archive” status (currently “separated archives”), especially in the context of the resistance of the Ministry of the Interior. The conflict was related to an issue that was especially important at the time: the introduction of non-ministry supervision and control over separated archives, especially archives of the department of the interior (including special services), by the General Director for Polish Archives. The study shows the scale and the dynamics of the cross-institutional dispute, which involved the Ministry of Education and the Head Office of State Archives on one side and the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the other. Ultimately, despite attempts at mediation within the Office of the Council of Ministers and the Social and Political Committee of the Council of Ministers, no compromise was reached and the bill was never enacted. The study also identifies the dissents, related in particular to homeland security, between the circles representing national archives and the environment of the separated archives, and presents how they perceived each other.
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Moura, Douglas Ribeiro de, Rosalia Beber de Souza und Anna Clara Arcanjo Fonseca. „A atuação dos profissionais secretariais em cenários antiarquivísticos: um panorama do PL Nº 7920/17“. Revista Expectativa 20, Nr. 1 (02.02.2021): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/revex.v20i1.22317.
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Em um momento histórico marcado pelo domínio tecnológico e pela austeridade financeira, propostas que buscam alterar as práticas arquivísticas parecem ganhar força. É o caso do Projeto de Lei n.º 7920/2017, em tramitação na Câmara dos Deputados, que prevê a eliminação de documentos originais após a digitalização certificada. Embora idealizado com as justificativas da modernização e da economia, o projeto vem recebendo críticas de especialistas por não obedecer a preceitos já consolidados no campo da arquivologia e por não ter sido tema de discussões com os órgãos que definem e regulam a política nacional de arquivos. Em meio a essa disputa, os secretários executivos, responsáveis por auxiliar nas tomadas de decisão em nível gerencial e que dependem de um amplo acesso aos arquivos institucionais para exercerem suas funções, têm uma de suas principais competências colocada em risco. O presente artigo teórico, então, buscou refletir como o Projeto de Lei n.º 7920/2017 poderá afetar o trabalho da classe secretarial, bem como tentou propor formas de ação a esse respeito, como o fortalecimento de conteúdos arquivísticos durante a graduação, a capacitação por meio de cursos, o destaque do cargo na estrutura hierárquica e o estabelecimento de redes de colaboração profissional. ABSTRACT In an era blasted by technology and financial austerity, bills that aim to change archival practices arise. Brazilian bill number 7920/2017, which is still being discussed in the Lower House, is a great example of such. It urges that physical documents should be destroyed after certified digitalization. And although this bill was conceived on claims of striking modernization and the possibility of saving money up, it defies previous rules. In response, Archival Studies specialists and archive bureaus are severely criticizing it. Executive secretaries are entangled in the middle of this scenario since they play a major part in the decision-making process and directly depend on archives to do that. How will they perform this task with no archive? Henceforth, this paper aimed to ponder how Brazilian bill number 7920/2017 might affect secretarial work. The present article also wanted to suggest possible strategies on this matter, that is, secretaries handling archives. Potential actions include highlighting Archival Studies during Secretarial Studies programs, specific training through courses, pinpointing the secretarial work, and establishing supportive professional networks.
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Repnikov, D. V. „ON THE SPECIFICS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PLENIPOTENTIARIES OF THE STATE DEFENSIVE COMMITTEE DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (ACCORDING TO DOCUMENTS OF FEDERAL AND REGIONAL ARCHIVES)“. Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, Nr. 1 (21.03.2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-1-111-118.
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The article is devoted to such an important aspect of the activities of the plenipotentiaries of the State Defensive Committee during the Great Patriotic War, as conflicts of authority. Contradictions between the plenipotentiaries of the State Defensive Committee and the leaders of party, state, economic bodies at various levels, as well as between the plenipotentiaries themselves, that were expressed in the emergence of various disputes and often resulted in conflicts of authority, became commonplace in the functioning of the state power system of the USSR in the war period. Based on documents from federal (State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, Russian State Archive of Economics) and regional (Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic, Center for Documentation of the Recent History of the Udmurt Republic) archives, the author considers a conflict of authority situation that developed during the Great Patriotic War in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which shows that historical reality is more complicated than the stereotypical manifestations of it.
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Xie, Pengxin, Fuxi Wang und Yanyuan Cheng. „How did Chinese migrant workers fare in labour dispute mediation? Differentiated legal protection and the moderating role of the nature of dispute“. Journal of Industrial Relations 59, Nr. 5 (18.07.2017): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185617716730.
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This study examines the differences between migrant and urban workers in labour dispute mediation and the moderating role of the nature of the dispute (direct work-related vs indirect work-related disputes). Combining power-dependence theory and social stratification theory, our analysis reveals how migrant workers’ lack of citizen rights harms their mediation capabilities. Drawing on archival data on individual labour dispute cases from 2011 to 2015 in the Beijing Labour Mediation Centre (10,515 cases in total), we find that migrant workers with low power are more likely to make great concessions in mediation, and their mediation agreements are less likely to be executed immediately by employers than are those of urban workers. However, when the dispute is directly work related, the difference between migrant and urban workers in concession making is less prominent than when the dispute is indirectly work related. These findings enrich our understanding of both migrants and labour dispute resolution.
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Lustig, Jason. „Who Are to Be the Successors of European Jewry? The Restitution of German Jewish Communal and Cultural Property“. Journal of Contemporary History 52, Nr. 3 (27.07.2016): 519–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416647116.
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Who are to be the successors of European Jewry? This question faced Jewish leaders after the Holocaust, in terms both legal – inheriting heirless property – as well as spiritual – carrying forward Jewish culture. Looted Jewish property was never merely a matter of inheritance. Instead, disputes revolved around the future of Jewish life. While Jewish restitution organizations sought control of former communal property to use around the world, some German-Jewish émigrés and survivors in Germany sought to establish themselves as direct successors to former Jewish communities and institutions. Such debates set the stage and the stakes for mass archival transfer to Israel/Palestine in the 1950s. The fate of the German Jewish communal archives highlights the nature of postwar restitution debates as proxy for the issue of the continuation of Jewish culture and history, calling into question the nature of restitution itself. As opposed to policies of proportional allocation to meet the needs of radically diminished Jewish communities, wholesale transfer of archives reflected a belief in a radical rupture in German Jewish existence as well as Israel’s position as successor to European Jewry. The fate of the archives, which broke with archival practices of provenance, concretized and validated the historical rupture represented by the Holocaust.
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Brown, Sarah, und Peter Love. „1998 Maritime Dispute Archive“. Labour History, Nr. 82 (2002): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516852.
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Mysyk, Avis, und Edgar de Ita Martínez. „A Dispute over Patrimonial Property in Huaquechula, Mexico: The Chimalhua Case, 1738–1740“. Ethnohistory 67, Nr. 2 (01.04.2020): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-8025322.
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Abstract Throughout the colonial period, disputes over the inheritance of property were common among indigenous peoples, both nobles and commoners. From the outset, they became familiar with and adept at negotiating their interests from within the colonial legal system. Based on the corresponding archival document and map, this article explores how the Chimalhuas used this system to resolve an intrafamilial dispute over patrimonial property. The dispute was not one between equals but, because the Spanish legal system was flexible, its legal decisions arbitrary, both sides attempted to use late-colonial modes of argumentation, legal strategies, and status- and class-based rhetoric to their advantage. This article also considers how the wider context of indigenous population recovery and Spanish pressure on resources within which the dispute occurred had implications for two separate but related issues. First, the status of the Chimalhuas had declined and, second, the dispute was largely confined to the negotiation of individual interests.
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Hwang, Hyun Cheon, Jin Gon Shon und Ji Su Park. „Design of an Enhanced Web Archiving System for Preserving Content Integrity with Blockchain“. Electronics 9, Nr. 8 (05.08.2020): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081255.
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A Web archive system is a traditional subject for preserving web content for the future and the importance is getting more significant due to the explosive growth of web content. The reference model for an open archival information system (OAIS) has been advising guidance for a long-term archiving system and most organizations that archive web content follow this guidance. In addition, the web archive (WARC) ISO standard is for web content archiving. However, there is no way to secure content integrity, and it is hard to identify the original. Because of limitations, a web archive system has a weakness against the dispute of content integrity. In this paper, we proposed the blockchain linked (BCLinked) web archiving system, which uses blockchain technology and an extended WARC field to keep a web content integrity metadata into a blockchain. Furthermore, we designed the BCLinked web archiving system, and we confirmed the proposed system secures content integrity through the experiment.
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Fusco, Diana A., Matthew C. McDowell, Graham Medlin und Gavin J. Prideaux. „Fossils reveal late Holocene diversity and post-European decline of the terrestrial mammals of the Murray–Darling Depression“. Wildlife Research 44, Nr. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16134.
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Context Establishing appropriate faunal baselines is critical for understanding and abating biodiversity declines. However, baselines can be highly reliant on historical records that come from already disturbed ecosystems. This is exemplified in the Murray–Darling Depression bioregion of Australia, where European settlement (and accompanying marked land-management changes and the introduction of many species) triggered rapid declines and losses of native species, often before their documentation. Aims We aim to establish the mammal fauna present when Europeans settled the Murray Mallee and Murray–Darling Depression bioregion and determine the extent of mammal loss since European settlement. Methods We describe a dated vertebrate assemblage from Light’s Roost in the lower Murray Mallee region of South Australia. We compare our data with those of modern fauna surveys and historical records to document the extent of change in the mammal fauna since European settlement. Key results Radiocarbon ages showed that the assemblage was accumulating, at a minimum, within an interval from 1900 to 1300 years ago. Since this time, the Murray–Darling Depression has lost half of its flightless terrestrial mammals. Species lost include the mulgara (Dasycercus blythi/cristicauda), which places this taxon within only 40km of Lake Alexandrina, the hitherto-disputed type locality for D. cristicauda. Fossils provided the principal evidence for nearly half of the Murray Mallee fauna and over three-quarters of the fauna are represented in the fossil record. Conclusions Late Holocene assemblages provide important archives of species biogeography and diversity. Our revised faunal baseline indicated that the pre-European fauna of the Murray–Darling Depression was more diverse than hitherto understood and its reduction appears largely caused by the impacts of European settlement. Implications Baselines for species distributions derived from historical records and modern faunal surveys are likely to be incomplete and warrant revision, particularly for smaller and more cryptic species. Deficiencies in regional records mask the extent of mammal declines caused by European colonisation and associated agricultural practices, and thus vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.
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Schonthal, Benjamin. „Buddhist Law Against the State? Representing Religion, Law, and Conflict“. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 87, Nr. 3 (01.07.2019): 662–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfz032.
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AbstractPublic disputes over the legal regulation of religion are often portrayed as naturally occurring conflicts between competing normative systems: religious law and state law. What, then, explains why some normative frictions become the focus of major controversies, whereas others do not? This article tries to answer this question, while examining a genre of religious law that has not received much attention by scholars of law and religion, Buddhist law in Sri Lanka. Drawing on monastic disciplinary texts, legal archives, and representations of law taken from online and popular media, this article analyzes how and why a minor, routine friction between Buddhist ecclesiastical rules and Sri Lankan statutory regulations—a dispute over whether a monk may wear his robes in prison—came to be portrayed as a grand contest between two incompatible regimes: “Buddhist law” and “state law.”
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Popek, Joachim. „Conflicts over common rights to cattle grazing on common lands and manorial properties in Austrian Galicia (1772–1918)“. Rural History 32, Nr. 1 (29.03.2021): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793320000047.
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AbstractThe research presented in this article concerns common rights to cattle grazing on common lands and manorial properties in nineteenth-century Austrian Galicia. The findings – obtained by analysing sources from archives and libraries in what is now Ukraine – shed light on the right of peasants and townspeople to graze cattle, along with the circumstances and sources of mass social antagonisms. The rich archival resources permitted a representative group of sources concerning each type of existing conflict to be chosen. The key research problems addressed in this article are the sources for a variety of disputes and their impact on relations between the main social groups and people’s standard of living, the processes of pauperisation and modernisation, and the consequences of abolishing these common rights.
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Elsig, Manfred. „Legalization in context: The design of the WTO’s dispute settlement system“. British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19, Nr. 2 (13.02.2017): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148117690890.
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This article asks why the dispute settlement provisions of the multilateral trading system underwent significant reforms during the negotiations that led to the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. Why did the leading trading powers accept a highly legalized system that departed from established political–diplomatic forms of settling disputes? The contribution of this article is threefold. First, it complements existing accounts that exclusively focus on the United States with a novel explanation that takes account of contextual factors. Second, it offers an in-depth empirical case study based on interviews with negotiators who were involved and novel archival evidence on the creation of the new WTO dispute settlement system. Third, by unpacking the long-standing puzzle of why states designed a highly legalized system, it addresses selected blind spots of the legalization and the rational design literatures with the aim of providing a better understanding about potential paths leading toward significant changes in legalization.
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Samacá Alonso, Gabriel. „Avatares del “O’Leary colombiano”: la Academia Colombiana de Historia y la disputa por el Archivo Santander (1906-1943)“. Araucaria, Nr. 38 (2017): 519–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2017.i38.23.
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Pierce, Rachel. „Pioneers and Feminisms“. Digital Culture & Society 6, Nr. 2 (01.12.2020): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dcs-2020-0206.
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Abstract Feminist historiography is rife with debates about the nature and boundaries of women’s movements. Arguments over who to call an activist or a feminist sit at the heart of these definitional debates, which provide the groundwork for how scholars understand contemporary feminisms. Given the heated nature of ongoing disputes over the complicated identity politics of feminism and its archives, it is surprising that scholars have afforded so little attention to the technical infrastructure that defines and provides access to digitized primary source material, which is increasingly the foundation for contemporary historical research. Metadata plays an outsized role in these definitions, especially for photographic material that cannot be made word-searchable but is favored by digitizers because of its popularity. This article uses qualitative content analysis to examine how two digital archives define the Swedish suffrage movement - a historically contested concept, here understood through the theory of Susan Leigh Star as a “boundary object” subject to “interpretive flexibility”. The study uses keywords attached to photographic material from the the National Resource Library for Gender Studies (KvinnSam) and metadata within the related Swedish Women’s Biographical Lexicon platform for women’s biographies. The findings indicate that the hierarchies of archival organization do not disappear with individual document digitization and description. Instead, the silences built into physical archives are redefined in digital collections, obscuring the tensions between individual and movement feminisms, as well as the contested nature of movement boundaries.
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Bruner, Nicolette I. „Judge, Professor, Chronicler of Fairyland: James Campbell’s Legal Imaginary“. Law, Culture and the Humanities 13, Nr. 3 (24.03.2014): 404–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872114525551.
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This article examines a little-known archive of illustrated children’s stories written by a nineteenth-century Michigan jurist, James Valentine Campbell. Despite his public reputation as a sober-minded judge and law professor who resisted interjecting his personal views into his decisions, Campbell’s domestic life as an author and performer of children’s stories served as an outlet for criticizing the excesses of the legal profession and proposing alternative methods of dispute resolution. His tales urged children to avoid laws and lawyers and instead to cultivate their own ethical and imaginative capacities for solving problems. His public and private activities intersected in his work as a founding professor at the University of Michigan Law School, training students to remain participants in the democratic process and resist mindlessly applying the law without understanding the deeper social and historical contexts of their work. This case study demonstrates the complexity of American legal subjectivity in the nineteenth century and the importance of considering archives beyond the published legal record.
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Motono, Eiichi. „The Import Sales Contract System in Shanghai 1903–1918, with Special Reference to US–Chinese Commercial Disputes“. International Journal of Asian Studies 17, Nr. 2 (Juli 2020): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147959142000025x.
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AbstractThis article is part of my series of articles that deal with the Western and Chinese commercial disputes from the 1880s until the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War. In contrast to my previous articles, it deals with commercial disputes between American mercantile firms and Chinese trading merchants in the early twentieth century by examining the unpublished Shanghai American consular archives at NARA II (National Archives and Records Administration), College Park, Maryland. Together with correspondence in the North-China Herald (NCH), these archives can be materials for revealing the peculiar behavior of the proprietors of Chinese partnership (joint-share, or hegu 合股) firms. They cooperated with American mercantile firms so long as the assets of American mercantile firms could guarantee their commercial profits. Whenever they were aware that American mercantile firms could no longer guarantee the safety of their commercial assets, they did not hesitate in breaching commercial contracts by means of various tactics. Seen from the American side, it was nothing but a betrayal. Following typical cases in the records, this article reveals the process by which these commercial disputes escalated to such a level that leaders of Chinese mercantile people demanded reforms to the commercial court system at the end of the 1910s.
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Shahrullah, Rina Shahriyani, Elza Syarief und Agustina Fitrianingrum. „Reinterpreting the Arbitration Legislation for Online Awards in Indonesia“. GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 6, Nr. 2 (27.06.2018): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2018.6.2(2).
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Objective - The use of online arbitration is more convenient for the disputing parties because their submissions can be archived by automated document management systems and be reviewed from any location, at any time. Yet, the process of online arbitration in Indonesia is questionable because the Indonesian Arbitration Legislation does not provide provisions relating to online arbitration. It is also questioned whether online arbitration awards are domestic or international under the Legislation. In order to answer the questions, this research examines and reinterprets the Legislation to establish arguments pertaining to the status of online arbitration and its awards in Indonesia. Methodology/Technique - It adopts a normative legal research by examining the existing legislation and literatures relating to arbitration. Findings - It found that the Legislation permits online arbitration because the IT Legislation facilitates the use of electronic communications and devices for this type of arbitration. Yet, the category of its awards may be vague. This is because Indonesia has not adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law. Consequently, the Legislation merely categorizes the online arbitration awards based on whether they are rendered in Indonesian territory (domestic awards) or outside Indonesia (international awards). Originality/value - The use of technology has penetrated business transactions and may result in legal disputes. Therefore, those who engage in online transactions should consider their dispute resolution mechnism. In the context of online business, it may be beneficial for disputing parties to settle their disputes through online arbitration because it can transcend national boundaries, and its awards may be enforceable. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Online arbitration, awards, dispute resolution, arbitration law, Indonesia. JEL Classification: K2, K29
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Baetens, Gert. „An Embalmers’ Dispute in Hypsele/Shashotep“. Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 66, Nr. 2 (01.12.2020): 273–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2020-0021.
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Abstract Edition of a fragmentary record of a dispute between embalmers (ταριχευταί) in Hypsele/Shashotep, establishing prospograhical links with P.Count 53-54 and the Siut archive, and discussing the term hypoteles and female embalmers.
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Lomonosov, Aleksey V. „On Literary Terror (Based on the Materials of V.V. Rozanov’s Drafts and Unpublished Articles)“. Observatory of Culture 16, Nr. 1 (26.03.2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2019-16-1-62-71.
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The article presents the views of experts on the specifics of V.V. Rozanov’s literary discussions. It highlights the features of the thinker’s polemics with P.B. Struve and his colleagues about the boundaries of the party framework in the course of public statements in late 1910 — early 1911. The most vivid details of disputes on the previously mentioned topic are noted. This is evidenced by citation of various draft versions of manuscript materials from V.V. Rozanov’s archive, stored in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library. The article focuses on the duality of the positions not only of V.V. Rozanov, but also of the critics who started the dispute. On the basis of previously unknown archival sources presented in the article, the study aims to refute the myth that the philosopher was never engaged in author’s editing of works in the genre of journalism, and to prove the importance of this work for the thinker. It was V.V. Rozanov who introduced the term “literary terror”. There is considered the lexical series of the origin of this concept in the writer’s texts. The article confirms V.V. Rozanov’s view on the inadmissibility of politicization of his creative works. Personal motives in the philosopher’s fate during the described journalistic polemics are revealed. Responding to accusations of immorality, he claimed the inseparability of talent and moral forces of a literary person’s soul. There is also noted that it was important for V.V. Rozanov to understand the “mosaic” composition of cultural formations in all types of creative process. The article provides guidelines for detailing the ideological foundations used by the writer in his polemical speeches.
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Goodwin, Amy. „Signwriting: Ornament as visual language ‐ communicative decoration“. Journal of Illustration 6, Nr. 1 (01.08.2019): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jill_00007_1.
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This article argues for the use of decorative signwriting as both ornamental and communicative. This examination will be twofold: first, a series of images of twentieth century signwriting in the fairground industry will be offered to this argument: all signwriting is purposefully applied, as decoration, in order to communicate, but unpicking the visual styles will unveil the hidden meanings, expanding the communicative intentions. Secondly, works of signwriting produced and installed as an archive as illustrated space will be dissected to expand on the argument being made. The archive as illustrated space is a framework being theoretically structured and then applied in practice within my Ph.D. enquiry. It advances the theories and workings of both the archive and artistic archive: the space facilitates the collation of dubious and disputed narratives, alongside archival fragments: told through communicative signwriting, it demands the participation of the viewer in its installation. Using the methodology of this practice-led research will contribute to confirming how the application of a visual language to signwriting enables the production of works that are both ornamental and communicative.This argument has been formed, primarily, due to my informed fairground position: embedded within fairground heritage my upbringing has established an appreciation for its rich history, which is reflected in my practice, which blends traditional signwriting and illustrative storytelling. This informed fairground position, combined with my Ph.D. enquiry, enriches the analysis and understanding of the practice-led research within the realm of this article: offering a valuable opportunity to not only comment on the historical works presented, but also to showcase an exploration of how to apply this visual production to contemporary, installation situations.
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Suziedelyte-Visockiene, Jurate, Arminas Stanionis, Egle Tumeliene und Ruta Puziene. „Analyses of Archival Cartographic Materials for Geomorphological Changes of River Channel“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (19.07.2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8502780.
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In Lithuania, the old archival topographic maps of locations of small and medium scale and 1 : 10,000 scale contour photo plans were created on the basis of aerial images. The material of these scales provides documented records on the condition of the objects in the location and the landscape at the moment of aerial photography. Those maps can be used to restore the accurate topographic image of the terrain and buildings in 1945–1951 and in later years and perform the necessary topographic, photogrammetric, and geodetic measurements of the parameters of objects, to identify the location of objects and changes. This information is necessary for a variety of disputed property issues and for building farmhouses in reserves, in areas of forestry land parcels, and for assessment of changes in the landscape. Studies of landscape changes are needed for the assessment of renaturalization processes. This paper presents the geodetic method used for geomorphological changes at the channel of River Žalesa during the period 1942–2017, based on the collected archival cartographic materials: historical topographic maps from archive of the Lithuanian State Company Land Fund, Land Information System, and land management projects and orthophoto maps from Lithuanian spatial information portal and free open-access Sentinel-1 satellite data from the Copernicus Open Access Hub.
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Tsintsadze, Nina S. „Tsintsadze Nina S. Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Derzhavin Tambov State University PhD (History), Associate Professor“. History of state and law 11 (29.10.2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2020-11-19-26.
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In the article the content of the draft reform of the arbitration court, prepared on behalf of Emperor Alexander I G.R. Derzhavin is analyzed in detail. As sources, both published and archival materials were used. The attitude of contemporaries and descendants to this project was ambiguous. Lawyers controversially evaluated the project of the Minister of Justice and the Attorney General of the Senate. Many of them drew attention to the complexity of the proposed methods of arbitration of legal disputes. It is noted that for the beginning of the XIX century this project of reorganization of the arbitration court was rather bold, as it allowed publicity, wordlessness, openness of legal proceedings. In many ways Derzhavin’s proposals were ahead of time. The conclusion is drawn about the relevance of the project in the context of modern court reform and the expansion of the practice of alternative dispute resolution methods.
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Melik, Jelka, und Mateja Jeraj. „The Diverse Use of Archives of the Third Branch of State Power“. Atlanti 26, Nr. 2 (25.10.2016): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.26.2.143-152(2016).
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The basic idea of the classic doctrine of separation of powers in the modern world, both in the legislative and executive branches of the state power, exceeded. Among all branches, in the judicial there were the least changes. Its role is becoming the most significant because of the control over the executive (administrative courts) and the legislative branch (Constitutional Justice). Because of this fact, archival records of the third branch of government are very important and irreplaceable in identifying and researching the past, searching and protecting the rights of natural and legal persons and solving professional issues. Judicial power is implemented primarily by courts, which are bound only by the law. Although they are state institutions, they are in general independent from the other branches of government, of the legislative with executive branch. Court‘s decisions directly affect the rights of different individuals and resolve disputes that arise between them. The most important juridical archives are court records, which are an important source for scientific research, legislation, literature and publications.
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Benediktsdóttir, Kristín, und Trausti Fannar Valsson. „Varðveisla gagna í stjórnsýslunni“. Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 12, Nr. 2 (19.12.2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.7.
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A great amount of information is accumulated by public authorities. The preservation or disposal of such information is regularly the subject of disputes. This paper addresses the Articles of the Public Archives Act No. 77/2014 that specify what records should be preserved by authorities subject to an obligation of transfer and the subsequent transfer of these records to public archives at a later stage, as well as which authority controls the transfer. The main conclusions are: Firstly, all records produced by and associated with the operation of entities subject to the obligation of transfer fall within the scope of the Act irrespective of their form or how they are produced unless special Acts lead to different conclusions. Secondly, all records should be preserved unless prescriptions and authorizations by the National Archives of Iceland or special Acts lead to different conclusions with respect to the preservation or disposal of the records. Thirdly, The National Archives of Iceland supervises compliance with the Act.
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Brown, Warren. „Conflict, Letters, and Personal Relationships in the Carolingian Formula Collections“. Law and History Review 25, Nr. 2 (2007): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000002947.
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Over the last few decades, scholarship on early medieval conflict has been driven and shaped by the kinds of sources that scholars have used. The different source genres offer their own characteristic pictures of the ways that people processed disputes in the early Middle Ages. Narrative sources, for example, such as chronicles or saints' lives, tend in the process of achieving their narrative orhagiographic goals to highlight violence, extra-judicial settlement, and the ritual or symbolic expression of disputes and disputeresolution. Normative sources, such as law codes or royal legislation (for example, the capitularies issued by Carolingian kings), naturally emphasize institutional tools for handling conflict, such as formal judicial assemblies and judicial procedures, royal judicial officials, and laws. Archival sources from the period consist primarily of charters, that is, records of rights or privilege ranging from diplomas issued by kings and emperors to the property records of churches andmonasteries. These tend to blend the images produced by the first two source genres. Often they record the formal resolution of propertydisputes in judicial assemblies headed by kings, counts, or their representatives; often they refer to laws or imply that the cases theydeal with were covered by some generally recognized set of norms. Charters also, however, provide a great deal of evidence for extra-judicial negotiation and settlement, as well as for ritual and public symbolic communication as a part of dispute processing.
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Bjelica, Slobodan. „Disputes over the autonomy of Vojvodina from the creation to the breakup of Yugoslavia“. Istorija 20. veka 38, Nr. 1/2020 (01.02.2020): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2020.1.bje.147-162.
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The so-called anti-bureaucratic revolution in Vojvodina in 1988 was usually seen as an introduction to the breakup of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, and in fact represented the end of decades-long disputes over Vojvodina’s autonomy. The aim of this paper is to present to the scientific public the genesis and course of the disputes over the autonomy of Vojvodina, which ended in the wake of the breakup of Yugoslavia. This synthesized work is the result of years of research in the Novi Sad and Belgrade archives and literature mostly written by contemporary witnesses.
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Nörr, Dieter. „The Xenokritai in Babatha's Archive: (Pap. Yadin 28 - 30)“. Israel Law Review 29, Nr. 1-2 (1995): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700014564.
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Babatha had a dispute with the guardians of Jesus, her son (from her first marriage). We do not know the reasons for this dispute, however, she seems to have been interested in the formula by which, under Roman law, the tutor could be called upon to account for the loss that the ward had suffered. Hence, we can find three nearly identical Greek translations of the actio tutelae in her archive (about 124/25 A.D.). Here we will only examine the appointment of the judges. The text of Pap. Yadin 28 1.1–4 runs as follows:These lines were translated in the standard edition of the Babatha archive by N. Lewis in this manner:Between a plaintiff X son of Y and a defendant A for up to 2,500 denarii there shall be (local?) judges.Lewis does not comment on his (cautious) translation of xenokritai as “local judges”. Presumably, however, it reflects the opinion of the first editor, H. J. Polotsky, that the xenokritai are non-Roman judges (iudices peregrini). Consequently, the Latin version should have been as follows:. . . . . . dumtaxat denarium MMD iudices peregrini sunto.
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Bazyler, Michael J., und Seth M. Gerber. „Chabad v. Russian Federation: A Case Study in the Use of American Courts to Recover Looted Cultural Property“. International Journal of Cultural Property 17, Nr. 2 (Mai 2010): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739110000135.
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AbstractDisplaced and nationalized cultural property remains hidden in the vast holdings of museums, libraries, and archives around the world. Some governments holding these “trophies” of war and conquest refuse to return such cultural treasures to their rightful owners even when their provenance has been identified. They assert that the collections were obtained through expropriation and nationalization, and that divestiture of a museum, library, or archive would jeopardize the existence of these institutions and cause societal discord.This article discusses the struggle of an orthodox Jewish organization to recover from the Russian Federation a collection of sacred, irreplaceable books and manuscripts seized in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution and during World War II. The story of Agudas Chasidei Chabad's efforts to recover these core religious texts of its spiritual leaders has involved appeals by U.S. presidents, congress, and the U.S. Helsinki Commission, as well as lawsuits in the Soviet Union/Russia and United States.After prolonged litigation in the United States, a federal court of appeals in Washington DC ruled in 2008 that American courts have jurisdiction over Chabad's suit against the Russian Federation to recover its religious texts. This ruling may pave the way for the resolution of this dispute and also lead to the filing of other suits in American courts seeking to recover looted cultural property, even if that property is located outside U.S. borders.
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Sahat, Benedictus. „PENTINGNYA PENGARSIPAN ARSIP PEMILU DALAM MENUNJANG PEMILU YANG JUJUR DAN ADIL“. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 3, Nr. 1 (30.04.2014): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v3i1.61.
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Pelaksanaan Pemilu dalam perjalanannya bukan tanpa permasalahan, kompleksitas permasalahan sering kali muncul pada setiap tahapan Pemilu, salah satu permasalahan yang muncul tetapi sering luput dari pengamatan adalah mengenai pengarsipan, oleh karena itu melalui penelitian ini mengangkat peran pengarsipan arsip Pemilu dalam menunjang pelaksanaan Pemilu yang demokratis, yang kemudian menginventarisir kelemahan pengarsipan arsip Pemilu saat ini, dan menganalisa tolak ukur pengarsipan yang baik bagi Pemilu. Melalui studi kepustakaan penelitian ini memiliki kesimpulan bahwa pengarsipan memiliki peran penting dalam menunjang proses Pemilu yang demokratis, karena sebagai salah satu bentuk kontrol atas jalannya Pemilu, di samping itu dokumen yang telah diarsipkan dapat menjadi alat bukti yang sah dan otentik. Oleh sebab itu manajemen arsip yang baik dan pengintegrasian dengan teknologi informasi secara nasional dan terpadu ke dalam arsip elektronis yang komprehensif akan meningkatkan keamanan dan kemudahan pengaksesan data Pemilu secara cepat, otentik dan akurat oleh masyarakat.<p>Progress of election as long as its journey not without causing many problems. Problems complexity comes in any grade of election, one of problems comes to surface but often unseen from our vision is archives, This research want to lift up the role of archives in election records in order to support democratically election then to classify weaknesses of election archives nowadays and to analyze the indicator of good archives for the election. Through library research this research described that archives have important role in order to support democratically election, as its function as control mechanism to the election, besides all the documents can be authentic and original prove if there any disputes in election. Since regularly archives management with integration to information technology national widely and integrated to comprehensive electronically archives will increase secure and easy to access of election documents fast, authentic and accurate by society.</p>
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Herup Nielsen, Mathias. „Nytteaktiveringens retfærdiggørelse. Et pragmatisk sociologisk blik på aktivering af arbejdsløse“. Dansk Sociologi 25, Nr. 1 (08.06.2015): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v25i1.4807.
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Artiklen tager teoretisk afsæt i den franske, pragmatiske sociologi og demonstrerer, hvordan denne kan benyttes til at skitsere en pluralitet af forskellige moralske positioner i danske offentlige debatter om aktivering af arbejdsløse. Et bredt uddrag af den offentlige debat om såkaldt nytteaktivering analyseres, og på baggrund heraf skitseres fire forskellige forståelser af den legitime sociale orden, som aktører trækker på i den pågældende debat. Det drejer sig om henholdsvis en industriel, en markedsorienteret, en projektorienteret og en orden orienteret mod medborgerskab. Artiklen demonstrerer, hvordan aktører, der trækker på forskellige moralske principper, gør positive moralske domme over nytteaktivering som praksis. Hermed udfordrer artiklen en af feltets hidtidige antagelser, nemlig at de forskellige positioner i aktiveringsdebatter fungerer som gensidigt begrænsende.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Mathias Herup Nielsen: Activation of the Unemployed Seen Through the Lens of Pragmatic Sociology
This paper demonstrates how French pragmatic sociology can be applied to grasp a plurality of orders of worth that come into play when actors engage in disputes about activation policy programs targeting unemployed people. Drawing on an archive consisting of around 300 articles from a Danish public dispute about a specific activation policy program, the article describes four different sets of principles of justice that actors rely on in the actual dispute. These four sets of principles are described as the industrial polity, the market polity, the projective polity and the civic polity. The article shows how a pragmatic sociological approach can serve as an alternative to monistic approaches, stressing that a plurality of orders of worth are present in contemporary workfare debates. In addition, the article concludes that actors, relying on very different orders of worth, all seem to justify the specific activation policy program.
Keywords: pragmatic sociology, Luc Boltanski, justification, activation, unemployment.
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Ostdiek, Bennett, und John Fabian Witt. „The Czar and the Slaves: Two Puzzles in the History of International Arbitration“. American Journal of International Law 113, Nr. 3 (Juli 2019): 535–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2019.23.
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AbstractIn 1822, the Russian czar resolved a dispute over compensation for slaves fleeing to British lines during the War of 1812. American observers have long asserted that this canonical decision favored the United States. But new debate has recently arisen among historians. Uncovering evidence from diplomatic archives, this Article concludes that the czar did indeed side with the United States. Moreover, the case demonstrates how nineteenth-century American statesmen pressed international law into service in support of slavery.
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Masharipova, A. Kh. „ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SETTLEMENT OF THE KOMI IN THE YALUTOROVSK DISTRICT OF TOBOLSK GOVERNORATE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LOCAL POPULATION“. VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, Nr. 4(47) (30.12.2019): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2019-47-4-18.
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The article discusses the issues associated with the settlement of emigrants from Vologda in a new place in the 19th century drawing on the analysis of archival sources, primarily paperwork materials. An extensive group of sources allowed us to trace and analyse the activities of government bodies, as well as identify the causes of emigration and main problems associated with the settlement in a new place. The analysis of archival materials was supplemented by field studies conducted by the Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS in 2005–2008 in the south of the Tyumen Region, where the descendants of the Komi settlers live (Zavodoukovsk, Yurga, Yalutorovsk and Yarkovo Districts). The settlement of Komi family groups from the Vologda Governorate is dated at the first third of the 19th century and is primarily related to the economic situation of the peasants (shortage of land, poor harvest, growing tax arrears). Most of the immigrants from Vologda settled in the Yalutorovsk District of the Tobolsk Governorate, having established compact settlements in Zavodoukovsk, Ivanovo and Pletnevo volosts. Due to a long period of land management works, the first settlers could not get a job for a long time. With the permission given by the Tobolsk State Chamber in 1841, the Komi-Zyryans settled in the lands of the non-indigenous Tatars (Aslaninskaya Volost), who traditionally used these lands in accordance with the cadastres, annually paying yasak (tribute) to the treasury. The culture, everyday life and the lifestyle of the indigenous population and immigrants differed significantly. Land management works caused great discontent among the indigenous population, which led to numerous land disputes. Difficulties and hardships of immigrants were reflected in the archival documents on the allocation of land and forest allotments, their use, as well as appeals to official authorities (complaints, petitions and legal disputes). When resolving the land dispute, local authorities tried to find a compromise and resolve the conflict through the allotment of vacant state lands. However, the Tatars demanded the return of the land given to the Komi settlers. As a result, the land was allocated to the settlers. As the proper conditions for the settlement were not created, in the following years they had to develop new lands, as well as to establish relations with the surrounding population. Later immigrants were settled on the excess land taken from long-term residents, who did not give it to the settlers and oppressed them. A lot of immigrants due to their plight made a decision to move to other governorates.