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1
Leopold, Auer. Disputed archival claims: Analysis of an international survey : a RAMP study. Paris: General Information Programme and UNISIST, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1998.
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2
Hamdi Al-A'dami, W. M. S., Hrsg. Kuwait-Iraq boundary dispute in British archives. London: London Quick Print, Archivesand Research Centre, 1993.
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Hamdi Al-A'dami, W. M. S., Hrsg. Kuwait-Iraq boundary dispute in British archives. London: London Quick Print, Archivesand Research Centre, 1993.
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Hamdi Al-A'dami, W.M.S., Hrsg. Kuwait-Iraq boundary dispute in British archives. London: London Quick Print, Archives and Research Centre, 1993.
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5
Costambeys, Marios. Archives and Social Change in Italy, c.900–1100. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0021.
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Chris Wickham’s chapter on ‘Land disputes and their social framework in Lombard- Carolingian Italy’ set the tone for a generation of scholarship, revealing, like other chapters in the same book, the utility of dispute records for writing the social history of early medieval Europe. Societal changes are nowhere more obvious than in the disputes to which they give rise. It is no accident, therefore, that documents generated by law courts have been central to historiography concerned with the nature and sharpness of social change in the post-Carolingian West, to which Chris has also contributed significantly. Increasingly after c.800, however, Italian law court records look to become less useful as social documents because they come to follow a very limited number of formulaic templates, which erased any points in dispute and cast claims in court as undefended. This chapter argues that social changes can still be detected in such documents, though less through their texts than through their patterns of preservation. It shows how in two cases—the abbey of Monte Amiata and the ecclesiastical institutions in Piacenza—the shape of archives of law court documents mirrors and is related to the crystallization of local power into the hands of restricted elite groups focused on single families. In doing so it addresses the current debate, arising largely out of French examples, about the appearance and reality of a ‘transformation’ in Western society around the year 1000.
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Fischer, Heinz-Dietrich. The Pulitzer Prize Archive: Political Editorial 1916-1988 from War-Related Conflicts to Metropolitan Disputes (Pulitzer Prize Archive). K. G. Saur, 1990.
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7
Walusinski, Olivier. Georges Gilles de la Tourette. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636036.001.0001.
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An exhaustive biography of French neuropsychiatrist Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904) has never been undertaken. Gilles de la Tourette worked closely with the nineteenth-century founder of neurology in Paris, Jean-Martin Charcot. His name is universally known because of the eponymous, disabling syndrome that affects 0.9% of children/adolescents. Unpublished family archives, as well as Gilles de la Tourette’s correspondence with the Parisian journalist Georges Montorgueil, conserved at the national Archives in Paris, were examined together with press and police archives to portray Georges Gilles de la Tourette’s family and professional life in an original light. These archives have never before been studied or made available to the public. How the eponymous syndrome was isolated, the errors initially made in its description, the hidden role of Jean-Martin Charcot, and the disputes with other authors are covered in detail based on multiple sources, original or already published. An in-depth analysis of the genesis of Gilles de la Tourette’s prolific neurological and psychiatric works within their historical context rounds out this biography. Major figures of neurology of the time are also featured—including Freud, Charcot and his son, Brissaud, and Babiński. Interwoven with Gilles de la Tourette’s life and times are discussions of politics, theater, literature, the 1900 Paris World’s Fair, and numerous letters exchanged with Jules Claretie of the Académie Française to highlight his significant involvement in each of these domains. The book concludes with a complete bibliography of all works written by Gilles de la Tourette, compiled for the first time.
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Erpelding, Michel, Burkhard Hess und Hélène Ruiz Fabri, Hrsg. Peace Through Law. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845299167.
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With the benefit of hindsight, presenting the Treaty of Versailles as an example of ‘peace through law’ might seem like a provocation. And yet, the extreme variety and innovativeness of international procedural and substantial ‘experiments’ attempted as a result of the Treaty of Versailles and the other Paris Peace Treaties of 1919–1920 remain striking even today. While many of these ‘experiments’ had a lasting impact on international law and dispute settlement after the Second World War, and considerably broadened the very idea of ‘peace through law’, they have often disappeared from collective memories. Relying on both legal and historical research, this book provides a global overview of how the Paris Peace Treaties impacted on dispute resolution in the interwar period, both substantially and procedurally. The book’s accounts of several all-but-forgotten international tribunals and their case law include references to archival records and photographic illustrations.
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Balzaretti, Ross, Julia Barrow und Patricia Skinner. Italy and the Early Middle Ages. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0001.
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The Introduction situates the chapters within the frame of Chris Wickham’s own trajectory of scholarship. It emphasizes Chris’s commitment to working across national linguistic and historiographical boundaries, and outlines how the editors to arrange the chapters so that they respond not only to Chris’s more recent, pan-European studies, but also to specifics of his archival work on Tuscany, including his work on dispute settlement. The introduction highlights the problems of written records, as well as the importance of new archaeological data for examining the late Roman transition and settlement patterns. Finally, it highlights the utility of looking for comparisons, for which Chris is rightly celebrated.
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Sahai, Nandita. ‘To Mount or Not to Mount?’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199477791.003.0007.
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This chapter examines documentary culture in eighteenth-century Rajasthan through an exploration of the legal archive—the Sanad Parwana Bahis—of the kingdom of Jodhpur. More particularly, it studies the petitions that were written in the course of a series of protracted disputes during which the ceremonial and ritual claims made by low-caste Sunars were contested by upper castes. The increasing importance of the written record in the administration and courts both caused, and was an outcome of a nascent “literate mentality” that existed even amongst those social groups like the Sunars who were not traditionally associated with scribal work. What is particularly telling is the shift from oral testimonies to written evidence as verifiable and authentic, both in the royal courts and in lower assemblies like caste councils. The pervasive culture of record keeping, and the significance of writing both for the state and its subjects at this time allows us to interrogate any easy bifurcation between the modern and the premodern.
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Ostrowski, Donald. Who Wrote That? Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749704.001.0001.
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This book examines nine authorship controversies, providing an introduction to particular disputes and teaching students how to assess historical documents, archival materials, and apocryphal stories, as well as internet sources and news. The book does not argue in favor of one side over another but focuses on the principles of attribution used to make each case. While furthering the field of authorship studies, the book provides an essential resource for instructors at all levels in various subjects. It is ultimately about historical detective work. Using Moses, Analects, the Secret Gospel of Mark, Abelard and Heloise, the Compendium of Chronicles, Rashid al-Din, Shakespeare, Prince Andrei Kurbskii, James MacPherson, and Mikhail Sholokov, the book builds concrete examples that instructors can use to help students uncover the legitimacy of authorship and to spark the desire to turn over the hidden layers of history so necessary to the craft.
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Lewin, David. Employee Voice and Mutual Gains. Herausgegeben von Adrian Wilkinson, Paul J. Gollan, Mick Marchington und David Lewin. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199207268.003.0018.
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This article focuses on employee voice in non-union enterprises. It provides a brief review of the literature on employee voice and mutual gains that focuses on how they are linked. The article summarizes the evidence, including a new source of evidence, about the incidence of alternative dispute-resolution (ADR) systems and practices in (US-based) non-union enterprises. Furthermore, it draws on a sample of such enterprises to estimate the extent to which employees actually exercise voice under these ADR systems and practices. The article then analyses the survey, interview, and archival data drawn from four of these non-union enterprises to document and assess the extent to which employee exercise of voice under these enterprises’ ADR systems and practices result in mutual gains to employer and employee. Finally, it summarizes the main conclusions of this study and derives certain implications for a broadened theoretical perspective on employee voice and mutual gains.
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Morris, Rosemary. The ‘Life Aquatic’ on Athos in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0028.
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Many of the surviving documents from the monastic archives of Mt. Athos deal with water. This chapter deals not only with fresh water in the form of rainfall and streams, but also with the seas surrounding the Holy Mountain. The effect of permanent and non-permanent water courses on the development of the monastic communities is discussed as are matters such as ‘ownership’ of water sources, disputes over water rights and the exploitation of water-based resources such as mills. Water supply to monastic houses and features such as cisterns and fountains are also investigated. The second part of the chapter deals with the sea: issues of access to it, landing stages, boats, boat-houses, and exploitation of fishing rights. Given the professed ‘love of solitude’ expressed by Athonite founders, how and why did some monasteries gain privileges and exemptions for their ships and how did they wish to exploit them? How could such economic activity be reconciled with the ‘self-sufficiency’ promoted by such figures as St Athanasios. Much has been written recently about water in Constantinople, where the water supply, the provision of fish, and organization of fisheries and, more recently, fountains have all been the subjects of study. This chapter aims to examine aquatic matters in a provincial and far more rural setting.
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Jarvis, Jill. Decolonizing Memory. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021414.
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The magnitude of the legal violence exercised by the French to colonize and occupy Algeria (1830–1962) is such that only aesthetic works have been able to register its enduring effects. In Decolonizing Memory Jill Jarvis examines the power of literature to provide what demographic data, historical facts, and legal trials have not in terms of attesting to and accounting for this destruction. Taking up the unfinished work of decolonization since 1962, Algerian writers have played a crucial role in forging historical memory and nurturing political resistance—their work helps to make possible what state violence has rendered almost unthinkable. Drawing together readings of multilingual texts by Yamina Mechakra, Waciny Laredj, Zahia Rahmani, Fadhma Aïth Mansour Amrouche, Assia Djebar, and Samira Negrouche alongside theoretical, juridical, visual, and activist texts from both Algeria’s national liberation war (1954–1962) and war on civilians (1988–1999), this book challenges temporal and geographical frameworks that have implicitly organized studies of cultural memory around Euro-American reference points. Jarvis shows how this literature rewrites history, disputes state authority to arbitrate justice, and cultivates a multilingual archive for imagining decolonized futures.
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Spector, Regine A. Order at the Bazaar. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501709326.001.0001.
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Over the past two decades, bazaars mushroomed in the new Central Asian states, where rule-of-law institutions are weak and corruption high. How did bazaars grow and thrive in such an inhospitable context? Order at the Bazaar answers this question through an analysis of bazaars in Kyrgyzstan. They are conceptualized as islands of order within a chaotic national context. The findings demonstrate that those at the bazaar, including traders, private land owners, and municipal officials, create order themselves in the absence of a coherent national government apparatus and bureaucratic state. Drawing on original interviews, archival sources, and participant observation, the book illuminates the changing meanings and practices of older traders at bazaars, including the ways in which they adapted Soviet and pre-Soviet institutions and organizational forms to a new market setting. In these settings, they deliberated and advocated for favorable policies and conditions, mediated disputes, channelled information, and served as role models for traders. The findings have relevance beyond the bazaars and borders of this small country; they illuminate how economic activity can operate in weak rule-of-law contexts, and more specifically how a variety of organizational forms come to constitute the order that underpins new market economies.
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Ritchie, Donald A. The Columnist. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067588.001.0001.
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In the “Washington Merry-Go-Round,” a nationally syndicated newspaper column that appeared in hundreds of papers from 1932 to 1969, as well as on weekly radio and television programs, the investigative journalist Drew Pearson revealed news that public officials tried to suppress. He disclosed policy disputes and political spats, exposed corruption, attacked bigotry, and promoted social justice. He pumped up some political careers and destroyed others. Presidents, prime ministers, and members of Congress repeatedly called him a liar, and he was sued for libel more often than any other journalist, but he won most of his cases by proving the accuracy of his charges. Pearson dismissed most official news as propaganda and devoted his column to reporting what officials were doing behind closed doors. He broke secrets—even in wartime—and revealed classified information. Fellow journalists credited him with knowing more dirt about more people in Washington than even the FBI and compared his efforts to Daniel Ellsberg with the Pentagon Papers or Edward Snowden with WikiLeaks, except that he did it daily. The Columnist examines how Pearson managed to uncover secrets so successfully and why government efforts to find his sources proved so unsuccessful. Drawing on a half century of archival evidence, it assesses his contributions as a muckraker by verifying or refuting both his accusations and his accusers.
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Johnson, Tom. Law in Common. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785613.001.0001.
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There were tens of thousands of different local law-courts in late-medieval England, providing the most common forums for the working out of disputes and the making of decisions about local governance. While historians have long studied these institutions, there have been very few attempts to understand this complex institutional form of ‘legal pluralism’. Law in Common provides a way of apprehending this complexity by drawing out broader patterns of legal engagement. The first half of the book explores four ‘local legal cultures’ – in the countryside, towns and cities, the maritime world, and Forests – that grew up around legal institutions, landscapes, and forms of socio-economic practice in these places, and produced distinctive senses of law. The second half of the book turns to examine ‘common legalities’, widespread forms of social practice that emerge across these different localities, through which people aimed to invoke the power of law. Through studies of the physical landscape, the production of legitimate knowledge, the emergence of English as a legal vernacular, and the proliferation of legal documents, it offers a new way to understand how common people engaged with law in the course of their everyday lives. Drawing on a huge body of archival research from the plenitude of different local institutions, Law in Common offers a new social history of law that aims to explain how common people negotiated the transformational changes of the long fifteenth century through legality.