Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Dispute de propriété“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Dispute de propriété"
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Barros*, Marcelo. „Le sanctuaire de l’Amour au coeur du territoire. Le territoire et le sacré dans la tradition judéo-chrétienne1“. Thème 16, Nr. 1 (23.10.2008): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019183ar.
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Résumé La tradition biblique à propos de la terre est ici relue à partir des enjeux environnementaux et des luttes des paysans et des peuples autochtones pour l’accès à celle-ci vue, non plus comme simple propriété et objet de dispute socio-économique, mais d’abord comme don et « sacrement » de la maternité divine. Les cultures du Proche-Orient ancien liaient le rapport au territoire au culte du dieu séjournant dans le sanctuaire du lieu. L’auteur retrace alors l’itinéraire singulier du peuple hébreu : son habitation d’une terre qui reste toujours promise, et son rapport à Dieu impliquant l’instauration de la justice. Dans le Deuxième Testament, le Christ constitue l’héritage promis, non comme substitut de la terre, mais comme « porte » et « pasteur » vers le Royaume, vers « un ciel nouveau et une terre nouvelle où habitera la justice » (2 P 3, 13). La conclusion dégage, pour le contexte actuel, quelques implications libératrices d’un lien resserré autrement entre le territoire et le sacré.
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Tshibende, Louis-Daniel Muka. „Contract Law and Smart Contracts: Property and Security Rights Issues“. European Review of Private Law 26, Issue 6 (01.12.2018): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2018059.
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Abstract: Considering that the internationality of a contract as well as its national character opens up opportunities for the contracting parties, particularly in the domains of dispute settlement mechanisms and applicable Law that they can eventually opt for, the present contribution analyses legal issues resulting from the fact that parties are nevertheless submitted to an obligation to comply with mandatory provisions and public policy rules depending on the location of some key elements of their agreement. This applies, even though it is about smart contracts and blockchain technologies. This article focuses on property and security rights issues (: defective title, informational defects and viruses … ) in the context of the Civil Law tradition. Résumé: Considérant que le caractère international d’un contrat, aussi bien que son caractère national, ouvrent des opportunités pour les parties contractantes, particulièrement dans les domaines de mécanismes de résolution des litiges et de loi applicable qu’elles peuvent éventuellement choisir, la présente contribution analyse les questions juridiques résultant du fait que des parties sont néanmoins tenues de respecter des dispositions obligatoires et de règles de politique d’intérêt général dépendant du lieu de certains éléments-clés de leur contrat. Ceci s’applique même s’il s’agit de contrats intelligents et de technologies de la blockchain. Le présent article se concentre sur des questions de droits de propriété et de sécurité (: défectuosité, défauts informationnels et virus … ) dans le contexte du droit civil traditionnel.
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Prunier, Delphine, und Andrés León Araya. „Agricultura, alimentación y disputas territoriales: reflexiones iniciales / Agriculture, alimentation et disputes territoriales : premières réflexions“. Revista Trace, Nr. 81 (31.01.2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.81.2022.834.
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En los últimos años, distintos autores nos han empujado a pensar en la tierra como mucho más que un recurso de producción o una relación de propiedad. Por ejemplo, la geógrafa canadiense Tania Murray Li (2014) plantea que la respuesta a la pregunta «¿Qué es la tierra?» pasa por analizar la forma particular en que materia, relaciones, prácticas y discursos son ensamblados dentro de contextos concretos. Ensamblajes que, a su vez, cambian a través del tiempo como resultado de las disputas políticas entre distintos grupos. Así, la tierra no es, per se, un recurso, una propiedad, o un territorio, sino que es producida como tal. Unos de los contextos donde se nota de manera más clara este proceso de ensamblaje de la tierra son la comida y lo que conocemos como sistemas agroalimentarios.Depuis quelques années, différents auteurs et autrices nous encouragent à repenser la terre autrement qu’en termes de ressource ou de propriété. Ainsi, selon la géographe canadienne Tania Murray Li (2014), il faut, pour répondre à la question « qu’est-ce que la terre ? », en passer par une analyse des articulations particulières, dans un contexte donné, entre matière, relations sociales, pratiques et discours, sachant que ces mêmes assemblages évoluent à leur tour au fil du temps et en fonction des conflits et oppositions politiques entre parties prenantes. La terre n’est donc pas en elle-même une ressource, une propriété ou un territoire mais une production sociale. La production alimentaire et les systèmes dits agroalimentaires constituent l’un des contextes où ce processus d’assemblage est le plus visible.
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Fox, Hazel. „Commentary: The Advisory Opinion on the Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights: Who Has the Last Word on Judicial Independence?“ Leiden Journal of International Law 12, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1999): 889–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215659900045x.
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A critical analysis, considering first, the legal competence and propriety of the Court in giving an opinion pursuant to the dispute settlement machinery of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of United Nations, whereby advisory jurisdiction over disputes of the UN is equated to contentious jurisdiction between consenting states; and second, the effect in municipal law of a state's obligation to respect the UN Secretary-General's certificate that a UN expert is entitled to immunity from legal process. The Court preserves resort to local courts but requires communication of the UN certificate and immunity to be dealt with expeditiously as a preliminary issue.
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Nasir, Muhammad, Hasan Basri und Ferdy Saputra. „CUSTOMARY APPROACH AND RULE OF LAW BY PANGLIMA LAOT IN RESOLVING FISHERMEN'S DISPUTE IN ACEH“. Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 24, Nr. 1 (01.04.2022): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v24i1.26758.
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This research aims to examine the effectiveness of Panglima Laot's institution authority in the maritim area to resolve sea disputes and to find an ideal dispute resolution model to be used. This research uses qualitative method by sociological juridical approach in the form of descriptive analytical. The Panglima laot's authority in an effort to assist the government in resolving maritime disputes is a formal authority granted by a law which is attributively regulated in Article 28 of Qanun Aceh Number 10 of 2008 concerning Customary Institutions. However, when dealing with certain cases between fishermen where the regulation is not very clear in the Qanun, Panglima Laot seeks to resolve cases by using traditional approaches, religious values, propriety, a sense of justice and human conscience. Therefore, Panglima Laot needs detailed and written instructions for carrying out tasks in the form of Government Regulations or Qanuns. Including dealing with refugees who come from abroad.
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Liu, Yang. „Study on the Injunction System of China's Standard Essential Patent Litigation“. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 41, Nr. 1 (14.03.2024): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/41/20240798.
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In the context of the digital age, disputes arising from standard-essential patent (SEP) licensing are becoming more frequent. At the same time, parallel litigations due to the SEP litigations are also increasing, and courts in various countries are now more inclined to adopt the injunction system to deal with this problem. In this paper, this article will review the origin, development, classification and role of injunction, analyse the implementation of the injunction of standard-essential patents in China, and point out the deficiencies of the current injunction system of standard-essential patents in China. At the same time, this article will put forward suggestions including improving the issuance requirements and procedural propriety of the injunction, as well as countermeasures in the face of foreign restrictions on China's jurisdiction, hoping that the injunction system will play a more effective and fair role in China's standard-essential patent litigation dispute resolution.
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Marchon, Olivier. „Rockall, un rocher de l’Atlantique Nord disputé entre Britanniques, Irlandais, Islandais et Danois“. Revue Défense Nationale N° 868, Nr. 3 (12.03.2024): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rdna.868.0068.
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Le rocher de Rockall dans l’Atlantique Nord est un récif inhabitable faisant à peine 5 m², mais il a fait l’objet de disputes quant à sa souveraineté. Propriété du Royaume-Uni, il a été revendiqué par le Danemark, l’Irlande et l’Islande, tous étant intéressés par les ressources halieutiques autour. Au point que le dossier est toujours ouvert.
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Pomson, Ori. „The Obligations concerning Negotiations Cases and the “Dispute” Requirement in the International Court of Justice“. Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 16, Nr. 3 (27.02.2017): 373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341357.
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Abstract In the Obligations concerning Negotiations cases, the International Court of Justice (icj) ruled that it lacked jurisdiction to proceed to the merits since there was no dispute prior to the filing of the application by the Republic of the Marshall Islands (rmi) against the three respondent states – India, Pakistan and the United Kingdom – respectively. The present article considers more closely the basis of the requirement that a “dispute” exists for the icj to exercise its jurisdiction. It submits that the condition that a “dispute” exists relates to the essence of the Court’s judicial function. It then questions whether the respondent’s awareness of the applicant’s opposition to its views is a requirement for engaging the Court’s judicial function. After answering this question affirmatively, it questions whether reasons of judicial propriety dictate that a dispute must exist prior to the filing of an application. This question is also answered affirmatively.
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Wilbers, Erik. „Resolving cybersquatting disputes outside the courts through WIPO’S UDRP services“. Pin Code N° 1, Nr. 1 (28.04.2019): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pinc.001.0036.
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Le développement du système des noms de domaine et la mutation vers le commerce sur Internet ont donné lieu à la pratique du cybersquattage, par lequel des tiers enregistrent des noms de domaine contrefaisant des marques afin d’en tirer un profit illicite. Reconnaissant que de par sa nature un tel abus demande une solution mondiale, l’Organisation Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OMPI) a élaboré les Principes directeurs régissant le règlement uniforme des litiges relatifs aux noms de domaine (Principes UDRP), constitués d’une procédure en ligne rapide et peu coûteuse permettant aux titulaires de marques de protéger leurs droits sans recourir aux tribunaux. Quarante-cinq mille cas UDRP à l’OMPI plus tard, cet article analyse l’objet et le fonctionnement de ce mécanisme d’application numérique des droits utilisé par des parties du monde entier.
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H. Ormsbee, Matthew. „Fair Enough?: Procedural Fairness When the ICAO Council Exercises Its Judicial Function“. Air and Space Law 48, Issue 4 /5 (01.09.2023): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2023055.
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Since the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ’s) Qatar decision in 2020, practitioners have given significant attention to the attributes of the Council’s dispute resolution function. Detractors note that this duty of the Council is tantamount to a judicial function, so the Council must strictly observe safeguards for independence and impartiality on par with traditional judicial bodies. Others counter that the Council is a political body that sometimes operates in a quasijudicial capacity; thus, it is not transformed into a court of law with its attendant strictures. This article advances the post-Qatar discussion by digesting the ongoing dialogue among academics and practitioners over the Council’s judicial function. It fashions arguments for and against the Council’s independence and impartiality in the spirit of an adversarial dialogue before a judicial body, which is apropos for a discussion on dispute resolution. Arguments are thus put forward, leveraging political, policy, and legal concerns for decision-makers in the field. The article concludes that the Council’s dispute resolution framework raises concerns about fairness, with a possible ripple effect for other international bodies with a dispute-resolution function. Article 84 of the Chicago Convention, ICAO Council, Dispute Settlement, Judicial Function, Judicial Propriety
Dissertationen zum Thema "Dispute de propriété"
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Cao, Peng. „Les limites du mécanisme de règlement des différends de l'OMC à l'égard de la mise en oeuvre de l'accord sur les ADPIC en Chine“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32059.
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Avant même son adhésion à l’OMC, la Chine disposait déjà en matière de propriété intellectuelle d'un arsenal juridique très complet sous de fortes influences extérieures, en particulier américaines. La Chine a instauré le système complet et efficace de propriété intellectuelle en moins de trente ans, elle a capacité de, au moins théoriquement, remplir ses engagements internationaux de l’Accord sur les ADPIC. La Chine semble maintenant l'un des pays où la protection de la propriété intellectuelle est du niveau mondial le plus avancé. Dans ce cas là, on peut néanmoins s’interroger, si on constate que la Chine a déjà rempli ses engagements internationaux en cette matière, pourquoi les Etats-Unis ont déposé deux plaintes relatives au régime chinois de propriété intellectuelle auprès de l’OMC en avril 2007 ? Pourquoi la Chine a une fois de plus été inscrit en 2007 par les Etats-Unis sur la « liste 301» ? Et pourquoi la Chine est toujours considérée comme un pays roi de la contrefaçon aux yeux des occidentaux ?Les pays développés peuvent arriver à imposer une législation aux pays en développement, ils ne peuvent cependant pas imposer sa mise en œuvre. Comme le dit le fameux proverbe, « Tu peux amener un cheval au bord de la rivière, tu ne peux néanmoins pas le faire boire ». La raison nous semble évidente en espèce : l’élaboration d’une loi suppose une action des autorités étatiques, qui pourrait être faite comme un choix diplomatique sous des contraintes ; l’application de la loi dans une société dépend des éléments juridique, économique, culturel, moral, etc., qui ne peut pas être obtenue sous l’effet d’une contraintes de quelque sorte que ce soit. Cela nous invite à réfléchir sur l’applicabilité du mécanisme de règlement des différends de l’OMC à la mise en œuvre de l’Accord sur les ADPIC. La protection des droits de propriété intellectuelle dans les pays en développement met en lumière des problèmes systémiques dont le traitement nécessite une approche globale. Même si la Chine n’est qu’un exemple des pays en développement, à cause de sa taille, c’est toujours la protection des droits de propriété intellectuelle en Chine qui attire le plus l’attention au niveau mondial. En Chine, comme dans tous les pays en développement, le décalage entre la législation nationale en matière de propriété intellectuelle et sa mise en œuvre ne peut diminuer qu’au fur et à mesure de l’évolution de la société dans les aspects concernant l’Etat de droit, la mentalité des habitants à l’égard des droits de propriété intellectuelle, le rôle de la propriété intellectuelle dans le développement de la société, etcEven before its entry into the WTO, China had already had a complete set of legal means in the field of intellectual property under the great external influences, especially from the United States., China has established an integrated and valid system of intellectual property in no more than three decades, therefore, she is capable of, at least theoretically, fulfilling her international commitments to the TRIPS Agreement. Nowadays, China seems to become one of the countries which have the world's highest level of intellectual property protection. Given the circumstances, if it is perceived that China has already fulfilled its international obligations under TRIPS Agreement, we still wonder why the United States appealed twice to WTO concerning China’s intellectual property system in 2007 ? Why was China listed in the "The 301 Clause" again in 2007 by the United States? And why has China been considered a manufacturer of counterfeits in westerners’ eyes?Developed countries can compel developing countries to make laws, but they can not ensure the implementation of laws. As the famous proverb goes, "You can lead a horse to the water, but you cannot make it drink." The reason seems quite obvious: legislation is an action of a country, which may be made as a diplomatic choice under certain pressure; while the application of the law, whose effect is unlikely to be achieved under any kind of external pressure, is dependant on various factors such as jurisdiction, economy, culture, ethics etc. This enables us to reflect on the validity of the WTO mechanism of dispute settlement in the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement. The protection of intellectual property rights in developing countries concerning some systematic problems requires a comprehensive cognition. Although China is an example of developing countries due to her size, the protection of intellectual property rights in China has always attracted various attentions worldwide. In China, as in all the other developing countries, the disparity between the legislation and implementation on intellectual property can only be reduced with the gradual social development in aspects of the establishment of a country under the rule of law, the ideological recognition of intellectual property rights by the public, the role of intellectual property in the process of social development, etc
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Wechs, Hatanaka Asako. „Mediation and intellectual property law : a European and comparative perspective“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA008.
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Un mauvais arrangement vaut mieux qu’un bon procès, dit un adage. Ceci s’applique-t-il également au domaine de la propriété intellectuelle ? La médiation est une méthode de résolution des différends qui a le vent en poupe. Elle a fait l’objet d’une harmonisation en Europe par le biais de la directive 2008/52/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 21 mai 2008 sur certains aspects de la médiation en matière civile et commerciale. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de la thèse est d’analyser des fonctions exercées par la médiation ainsi que les limites de la médiation du point de vue du droit de la procédure civile, du droit des contrats et du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, et de présenter des propositions pour optimiser la médiation lorsqu'elle s’applique aux litiges concernant les droits de la propriété intellectuelle. L’étude porte sur de nombreux systèmes juridiques, institutions et prestataires de règlement des différends, en mettant l’accent sur l’Union européenne, la France et le Royaume-UniA bad compromise is better than a successful lawsuit, says an adage. Would this also applies to intellectual property disputes ? Mediation is a dispute resolution method, which is in vogue. It became subject to harmonisation in Europe under the Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters. In this context, the objective of the thesis is to analyse the functions performed by mediation as well as the limitations to mediate from the viewpoint of civil procedure law, contract law and intellectual property law and to present some proposals to optimise mediation to intellectual property law. A number of legal systems, institutions and dispute resolution providers will be covered with the focus on the European Union, France and the UK
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Su, Yii-Der. „Les litiges en matière de marque : contribution à une étude de droit comparé entre la France, la Chine continentale et Taïwan“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA029.
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Le droit de la propriété intellectuelle a connu d’importants développements dans le sillage de la révolution technologique et du phénomène de la globalisation. Le droit de marque confère un monopole au profit de son titulaire, qui lui permet d’établir des liens avec les consommateurs, à travers les produits et les services qui sont revêtus du signe protégé : des liens juridiques et des liens commerciaux par l’effet de la communication, de la publicité, de la transmission de l’image de l’entreprise que celui-ci véhicule. Toutefois, les prérogatives attachées au droit de marque rencontrent des limites inhérentes à tout monopole, à savoir le respect de l’intérêt général, fil un conducteur qui gouverne la procédure d’enregistrement de la marque, au-delà, son maintien en vigueur et la détermination des frontières qui séparent ce qui est permis de ce qui est interdit. S’agissant de s’interroger sur les procédures de règlement des litiges, à l’aune de leur comparaison, entre trois systèmes de cultures juridiques très différentes, à savoir la France « berceau » du droit continental et, du droit administratif d’une part, et, d’autre part, deux entités de tradition juridique divergente - la Chine continentale et Taïwan - , on peut relever un renforcement du pouvoir administratif et en même temps, un mouvement d’harmonisation des règles du contentieux. Le renforcement du pouvoir administratif se manifeste à travers l’extension des compétences en matière de droits de propriété intellectuelle. Ainsi, en Chine continentale, les autorités administratives locales peuvent appliquer les lois administratives pour régler avec célérité les litiges de propriété intellectuelle. En France, le renforcement du pouvoir administratif s’exprime avec la transposition future de la directive de 2015 sur l’harmonisation du droit des marques dans l’Union européenne, qui attribue compétence à l’INPI en matière de déchéance et de nullité des marques, au premier degré. L’harmonisation du droit des marques se révèle avec le renforcement du mécanisme de la retenue en douane en Chine continentale et à Taïwan et, par ailleurs, avec l’instauration de juridictions spécialisées, le législateur taïwanais étant le premier entre les trois systèmes juridiques, à créer une Cour en propriété intellectuelle en 2007There continues to be significant developments in intellectual property law in the wake of the technological revolution and the globalization phenomenon. This thesis seeks to analyze procedures for settling disputes by comparing three decidedly different judicial systems: France (the « cradle » of Civil law legal system) on the one hand, contrasted with two entities of diverging judicial traditions, namely Mainland China and Taiwan. We will take up two trends in particular: a strengthening of administrative power and at the same time a movement toward harmonizing settlement procedures.The strengthening of administrative power is evidenced by its “specialization” and extension of its competence in the area of intellectual property rights. Thus, in Mainland China local administrative authorities can enforce administrative laws to expediently deal with intellectual property disputes. In France, on the other hand, the growth of administrative power can be seen in the transposing of the 2015 future directive regarding the harmonization of trademarks within the European Union, which attributed competence to the INPI for the first degree examination in the revocation and invalidity procedures.The harmonization of trademarks is also visible in the introduction of a reinforced “customs seizure” mechanism in Mainland China and Taiwan. Furthermore, with the establishment of specialized courts, the Taiwanese legislature became the first of the three justice systems to create an intellectual property court in 2007
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Fau, Jean. „La régulation du conflit impliquant le nom de domaine : articulation des sources“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22017.
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Les noms de domaine sont des objets polymorphes, à la fois techniques et sémantiques. La question de leur régulation, avec l’essor du Domain Name System, est rapidement devenue un défi de taille pour le législateur. Face à une certaine défaillance du droit étatique s’est développé un véritable corpus supplétif de source privée. C’est notamment le cas des procédures extrajudiciaires de résolution des conflits mises en places par l’ICANN. Ces différents mécanismes de nature transnationale forment un ensemble cohérent, en constante évolution, que l’on peut qualifier de véritable lex domainia. Ce concept implique cependant une vision nécessairement pluraliste du droit - où cohabitent systèmes publics, privés et hybrides -, qui invite le juriste à repenser la théorie des sources. Cette thèse contribue à la compréhension de la nature et de l’articulation de ces différentes sphères normatives. Celles-ci ne doivent pas être considérées comme des espaces clos et hermétiques ; il existe entre eux des perméabilités qui dessinent un dispositif de régulation transnational aux sources plurielles. Il s’agit, selon l’auteur, d’une parfaite illustration de la théorie du réseauDomain names are polymorphic objects, whose nature is both technical and semantic. The question of their regulation has quickly become, with the rapid growth of the Domain Name System, a major challenge for the lawmaker. A certain default of state law favored the development of what one might call a private supplementary corpus. This is notably the case for extrajudicial domain name dispute resolution mechanisms promoted by the ICANN. These various transnational mechanisms form a coherent whole, in constant evolution, which can be described as a real lex domainia. This concept, however, necessarily implies a pluralistic conception of law - where public, private and hybrid systems cohabit -, which invites legal theorists to rethink the sources theory. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the nature and the articulation of these various normative spheres. These should not be regarded as closed and hermetic spaces ; permeabilities exist between them, that draw a transnational regulation pattern with plural sources. This is, according to the author, a perfect illustration of the mesh theory
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Berkes, Antal. „L'affaire des optants : les enjeux nationaux et internationaux d'un différend roumano-hongrois“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA030035.
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Le différend roumano-hongrois des optants, qui se déroula de 1922 à 1930, est un conflit international qui accompagna la politique des affaires étrangères de la Hongrie et de la Roumanie tout au long de l’époque d’entre-deux-guerres, et qui s’inséra dans un contexte historique plus global. À la suite de l’occupation et l’annexion de la Transylvanie par la Roumanie, quelques 360-370 familles hongroises d’origine de la Transylvanie utilisèrent leur droit d’option et choisirent la nationalité hongroise. Or, contrairement aux dispositions du Traité de paix de Trianon, ils perdirent leurs domaines fonciers dans la réforme agraire transylvaine sans aucune compensation. Ils initièrent, ainsi que le gouvernement hongrois dans leur nom, un litige international contre la Roumanie pour revendiquer la restituttion ou la compensation des domaines fonciers expropriés. La thèse démontre qu’aussi bien la Roumanie que la Hongrie furent intéressées non pas au règlement prompt de la dispute à tout prix, mais à sa publicité sur la scène internationale afin de renforcer leurs narrations favorable (position roumaine) ou hostile (position hongroise révisionniste) au statu quo créé par le traité de paix de Trianon. Quant aux optants, peu d’entre eux réussirent à sauvegarder leur position économique et sociale d’élite, mais la plupart d’entre eux subirent un déracinement et un appauvrissement, malgré leur réussite finale à obtenir justice et une compensation pour les terres perduesThe Romanian-Hungarian optants dispute, which took place from 1922 to 1930, is an international conflict which accompanied Hungary’s and Romania’s policy of foreign affairs throughout the interwar period, and which fits into a global historical context. Following the occupation and annexation of Transylvania by Romania, some 360-370 Hungarian families of Transylvanian origin used their right of option and chose Hungarian nationality. However, contrary to the provisions of the treaty of peace of Trianon, they lost their land estates in the Transylvanian agrarian reform without any compensation. They initiated, as well as the Hungarian government in their name, an international dispute against Romania to claim the restitution or compensation of the expropriated land estates. The thesis demonstrates that both Romania and Hungary were interested not in the prompt settlement of the dispute at all costs, but in its publicity on the international scene in order to strengthen their narratives favorable (Romanian position) or hostile (Hungarian revisionist position) to the status quo created by the Trianon peace treaty. As for the optants, few of them managed to safeguard their elite economic and social position but most of them suffered uprooting and impoverishment, despite their ultimate success in securing justice and compensation for the lost lands
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Ngorn, Rothna. „La construction de la propriété intellectuelle au Cambodge“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3002.
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La construction de la propriété intellectuelle au Cambodge remonte à une date récente. Cetteconstruction se traduit, d’une part, par l’adoption d’un cadre juridique consacrant la notionjuridique de la propriété intellectuelle et, d’autre part, par l’élaboration des mécanismes deprotection de la notion consacrée.Comme la législation de la propriété intellectuelle a été adoptée pour assurer la conformité dudroit cambodgien aux exigences de l’OMC, il n’est pas surprenant de constater que la notion et lerégime juridique de la propriété littéraire et artistique et ceux de la propriété industriellecambodgiennes sont presque identiques à ceux qui sont prévus dans l’Accord ADPIC et dans lesTraités et Conventions administrés par l’OMPI. À cause des obstacles d’ordre juridique,économique et social, la plupart des lois cambodgiennes de la propriété intellectuelle ne connaitpas encore une application effective et correcte dans la pratique. En conséquence, la notion de lapropriété intellectuelle cambodgienne est très peu développée.Pour faire respecter le titre de propriété littéraire et artistique et celui de la propriété industrielle,les mécanismes légaux et judiciaires visant à prévenir les atteintes au droit exclusif dont disposentles titulaires du droit, à préserver les éléments de preuves et à réprimer des atteintes sont prévusdans la législation cambodgienne portant sur la propriété intellectuelle. Par ailleurs, le recours auxmodes alternatifs de règlements de litiges tels que l’arbitrage commercial, la médiation et laPreliminary Alternative Disputes Resolution est également possible. L’efficacité et l’effectivitéde la mise en oeuvre de ces mécanismes pour la protection de la propriété intellectuelle sur leterritoire cambodgien sont une question d’actualitéThe construction of intellectual property rights in Cambodia dates back to a recent time. This construction implies, on the one hand, the adoption of a specific legal framework that establishes the notion of intellectual property and, on the other hand, the elaboration of protection mechanisms of the established notion. As the legislation on intellectual property was adopted to ensure the conformity of Cambodian law with WTO requirements, it is not surprising that the notion and legal regime of literary and artistic property and that of industrial property are almost identical to what is provided under TRIPS Agreement and other Treaties and Conventions administered by the WIPO. Because of legal, economic and social barrier, most of Cambodian laws relating to intellectual property have not been effectively and correctly applied in practice. Consequently, the notion of intellectual property has not been well developed.To enforce the exclusive right of literary and artistic property and that of industrial property, the legal and judicial mechanisms aiming at preventing infringement, preserving the proofs and punishing the infringement are provided under Cambodian legislation relating to intellectual property. Moreover, utilization of alternative disputes resolutions mechanisms such as commercial arbitration, mediation and Preliminary Alternative Disputes Resolution, is also possible. The efficiency of these mechanisms for the protection of intellectual property in Cambodia is, however, a topical question
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Ben, Merad Nadia. „Le règlement des différends relatifs a la propriété intellectuelle dans le cadre de l'OMC“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0020.
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Les négociations de l’Uruguay Round ont été l’occasion d’introduire la propriété intellectuelle dans le cadre du GATT avec la conclusion de l’Accord sur les aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (ADPIC) et l’application du système renforcé de règlement des différends de l’OMC aux différends découlant de ce nouvel accord. La présente thèse vise à analyser comment ce système administré par l’ORD organise, traite et règle les différends relatifs au respect des obligations découlant de l’Accord sur les ADPIC. La question est d’une grande importance en raison des singularités de l’Accord sur les ADPIC. Les études menées tout au long de cette thèse ont permis de faire état des règles et procédures encadrant le règlement des différends ADPIC ; de révéler certaines spécificités, en ce qui concerne le type de plaintes pouvant être portées devant l’ORD, et certaines difficultés spécifiques soulevées par l’application de son système de rétorsion à l’Accord sur les ADPIC ; de mettre en avant le rôle central que joue l’ORD, lequel s’est révélé crédible et efficace, non seulement en traitant les différends ADPIC par le truchement des Groupes spéciaux et l’Organe d’appel, mais encore en contribuant à en régler un nombre appréciable au stade des consultations ; et enfin de souligner la manière prudente dont ont fait preuve les Groupes spéciaux et l’Organe d’appel dans leur missionThe Uruguay Round negotiations gave an opportunity to include intellectual property within the GATT framework, with the conclusion of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the application of the reinforced system of the WTO dispute settlement to disputes deriving from this new agreement. The present thesis aims at analyzing how this system, managed by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) organizes, drafts and rules disputes related to the respect of the obligations born of the TRIPS Agreement. The question is of great importance because of the TRIPS Agreement singularities. The studies undertaken throughout this thesis help report on the rules and procedures framing the TRIPS disputes settlement ; reveal some specificities, with regard to the type of complaints which can be brought before the DSB, and some specific difficulties generated by the application of the DSB retaliation system to the TRIPS Agreement ; highlight the central role that plays the DSB, which appeared trustworthy and effective, not only in dealing with TRIPS disputes through the establishment of panels and the Appellate Body, but also in contributing to the settlement of a significant number of disputes at the consultation stage ; and finally underline how the panels and the Appellate Body precautiously lead their own mission
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Ndzengone, obame Thérèse Flore. „La responsabilité internationale des Etats de protéger les personnes et leurs propriétés“. Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0009/document.
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Les États ont l’obligation juridique de protéger les personnes et leurs propriétés. Cette obligation juridique a pour fondements, les conventions internationales. Mais, les États ou autres personnes de droit public, se comportent comme des personnes de droit privé, ils contractent des contrats internationaux, des contrats d’État, the state contracts, commerciaux, d’investissements, de marchés publics, d’import-export, etc., et ignorent les attributs d'un État de droit à caractère universel. Lesdits États ne parviennent pas à respecter leurs engagements internationaux à savoir, la reconnaissance et la protection des droits fondamentaux ou le respect des principes judiciaires universels. La recherche du profit personnel ou la prise illégale d’intérêt des personnes de droit public, ne subordonne pas la protection des droits de l’Homme, de sorte que; les personnes faibles sont lésées, les personnes lésées sont des Civils non armés, des enfants, du fait d'acte internationalement illicite, les véritables coupables ne sont jamais inculpés. L’ingérence a son sens, mais le règlement pacifique semble mieux caractériser les principes judiciaires et de droit internationalement universel, lorsque la partie faible à caractère universel devient victime d'actes internationalement illicites ou des systèmes coloniaux ou néocoloniaux irréguliers de sorte que le mimétisme des institutions juridiques françaises par les États francophones d'Afrique, et le mimétisme des institutions juridiques américains par les États anglophones d'Afrique, perd son sens universellement réel. En effet, l’État de Droit est devenu une simple phrase, de sorte que le droit universel a un challengeThe States have legal obligations to protect the persons and their properties. That legal obligation is based on the international Conventions. But The States or the officials behave like the private persons, they contract The State Contracts, etc.., and, Those States breach the attributes or the feature, or the characteristics, of the rule of law of Universal Nature. they fail to perform the universal law or the universal principles. To seek personal profit do not surbordinate the protection of the Human Rights. Thus, the weak people have their universal law violate, those who are not strong, children and unarmed civilians are the victims of the internationally wrongful act or the internationally wrongful act of the state, and the real authors are never accused. The interference has its meaning in the rule of law, but the peaceful settlement of conflicts seems to be better characterize the judicial principles and international law, when weak people with an universal character becomes victim of internationally wrongful acts or victims of the irregular colonial or neocolonial systems, so the mimicry of French legal institutions by the French-speaking States of Africa, or the mimicry of American legal institutions by the English-speaking States of Africa, is the mimicry that loses its universally real meaning. Indeed, the rule of law has become a simple sentence, so that the universal right has a challenge
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Kuveya, Lloyd. „The effectiveness and propriety of friendly settlements in the African regional system : a comparative analysis with the Inter-American and European regional systems“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1217.
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"Despite the apparent universal existence of the friendly settlement procedure it has not been extensively used in the African regional system. Against this background, this study is a comparative analysis of the provisions and application of the friendly settlement procedure in the African, Inter-American and European regional systems. The study further examines in detail the practice and jurisprudence of the three regional systems on a comparative basis. The comparative analysis is relevant for the following reasons. Both Africa and South America share common historical backgrounds in terms of socio-economic development and the nature of human rights violations. Europe has the oldest human rights system and if experience is anything to go by, then there might be lessons to be learnt by the younger counterparts. The establishment of the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights (African Court) to complement the protection mandate of the African Commission on Human and Poeoples' Rights (The African Commission) further justifies the comparative analysis as the other regional systems also have regional human rights courts. ... Chapter 1 is an introduction of the study on the effectiveness and propriety of friendly settlements. The ensuing chapter traces the foundations and sets up the conceptual and theoretical framework of friendly settlements. Having established the existence of the procedure, chapter 3 examines the institutional and legal provisions of friendly settlements in international and regional human rights instruments on a factual level. The detailed and critical analysis of the frienldy settlement procedure is presented in chapter 4. The author makes use of the jurisprudence of the three regional human rights bodies and examines how the procedure has been applied in practice. The practice of the three regional bodies is analysed on a comparative basis to assess the effectiveness of the procedure. The last chapter makes conclusions and gives recommendations regarding the application of the friendly settlement procedure as an alternative method of dispute resolution." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006.
Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Henry Ojambo, Faculty of Law, University of Makerere, Uganda
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Scannell, Garth. „Understanding the structure and deformation of titanium-containing silicate glasses from their elastic responses to external stimuli“. Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10158591.
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The responses of structure and properties to composition and temperature have been investigated for glasses in TiO2-SiO2 and Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Additionally, the response of Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses to plastic deformation has been studied. (x)TiO2-(1-x)SiO2 glasses were prepared through the sol-gel process with compositions 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 mol% and compared to commercial glasses prepared through flame hydrolysis deposition with x = 0, 5.4, and 8.3 mol%. (x) Na2O - (y) TiO 2 - (1-x-y) SiO2 glasses were prepared with x = 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol% and y = 4, 7, and 10 mol% through a melt-quench process. Density and index of refraction of glasses was measured through the Archimedes's method and using a prism coupler, respectively. The glass transition temperature of Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses was measured through differential thermal analysis.
The structure and elastic moduli have been studied through Raman spectroscopy and Brillouin light scattering, respectively, at room temperature and in-situ up to 1200 °C for TiO2-SiO2 glasses and up to 800 °C for Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses. Young's modulus was observed to decrease from 72 GPa to 66 GPa with the addition of 8.3 mol% TiO2 in TiO2-SiO2 glasses and to increase from 65 GPa to 73 GPa with the addition of 10 mol% TiO2 in 10 Na2O - (0-10) TiO2-SiO2 glasses. The addition of TiO2 was observed to shift the 460, 490, and 600 cm-1 Raman peaks to lower frequencies in TiO2-SiO2 glasses, suggesting a more open and flexible network, and the 720, 800, and 840 cm -1 Raman peaks to higher frequencies in Na2O-TiO2 -SiO2 glasses, suggesting a lower free volume and stiffer network. The addition of TiO2 has little effect on the temperature response of the elastic moduli in either system, but decreases the thermal expansion and increases the frequency shifts in the 950 and 1100 cm -1 Raman peaks in the TiO2-SiO2 system while the thermal expansion increases with initial additions of TiO2 and then remains constant in the Na2O-TiO2-SiO 2 system.
Changes in structure and property with composition have been discussed, and structural models were proposed. The reduction of thermal expansion and elastic moduli in TiO2-SiO2 glasses occurs through the promotion of cooperative, inter-tetrahedral rotations facilitated by the longer and weaker Ti-O bonds. The increase in elastic moduli in the Na2O-TiO 2-SiO2 glasses occurs through the formation of small clusters with local, relatively high Ti and Na concentrations, promoted by Ti adopting a five-fold coordination in a square-pyramidal geometry. These clusters work to shield the silica network from non-bridging oxygens from the presence of Na while simultaneously increasing the volume bond density of the glass.
For Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses, the response to mechanical damage and plastic deformation has been examined through Vickers indentation experiments at loads from 10 mN to 49 N. Fracture toughness was measured through the single-edge precracked beam method. The permanent deformation volumes around Vickers indents were investigated through atomic force microscopy. Critical loads for crack initiation and cracking patterns were systematically investigated and correlated with the elastic properties of glass. Vickers indents were observed to change from a mixture of radial/median and cone cracks to radial/median and lateral cracks as Poisson's ratio increases. As Poisson's ratio increases hardness decreases from 5.5 GPa to 4.5 GPa, the average radial/median crack length roughly doubles, and fracture toughness remains constant. A minimum in the critical crack initiation load was observed at ν = 0.21–0.22. The volume of glass deformed through shear flow during indentation increases gradually with increasing Poisson's ratio, becomes larger than the densified volume at ν = 0.237. The densified volume increases between ν = 0.18 and ν = 0.21 and decreases rapidly from 16.5 µm3 to 8.7 µm3 at ν = 0.235–0.237. A correlation between the minimum in crack initiation load and the change in deformation mechanisms over the same Poisson’s ratio range was observed.
Bücher zum Thema "Dispute de propriété"
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Rose, Laurel L. The politics of harmony: Land dispute strategies in Swaziland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
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Rose, Laurel L. Politics of Harmony: Land Dispute Strategies in Swaziland. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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Rose, Laurel L. Politics of Harmony: Land Dispute Strategies in Swaziland. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
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Rose, Laurel L. The Politics of Harmony: Land Dispute Strategies in Swaziland (African Studies). Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Robert W, Goldman. II Trust Arbitration at the Institutional Level, 4 ACTEC’s Simplified Trial Resolution Option with Model Laws and Clauses. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759829.003.0004.
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This chapter considers various recommendations made by the American College of Trust and Estate Counsel (ACTEC) concerning trust arbitration. It describes ACTEC’s views about the need for and propriety of various types of internal trust arbitration. It discusses two model statutes to assist legislators considering statutory reform in this area of law. The first model makes arbitration clauses in wills and trusts enforceable and uses existing arbitration statutes to establish a default dispute resolution process. The second proposed enactment is longer and includes a standalone default process for resolving disputes. The chapter also presents several model arbitration clauses devised by ACTEC as a means of facilitating arbitration of certain internal trust disputes.
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Goldberg, Sanford C. Epistemically Proper Belief. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793670.003.0002.
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This chapter argues that the sort of normativity that is at the heart of epistemology is the sort of normativity involved in assessments of whether a subject’s belief satisfies the distinctly epistemic standards on knowledge. It introduces the term ‘epistemically proper’ to designate the status a belief has when it satisfies these standards. The author argues against the view that nothing short of knowledge itself can provide the standards, and proceeds to argue for the view that the theory of epistemic justification is in the business of articulating the relevant standards. Appealing to his construal of the internalism/externalism dispute in the theory of justification, the author concludes by motivating a desideratum on any such account: it should regard epistemic propriety as involving both a reliability dimension and a responsibilist dimension.
Buchteile zum Thema "Dispute de propriété"
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Dovhan, Halyna. „Administrative Procedure and Judicial Review in Ukraine“. In Judicial Review of Administration in Europe, 79–81. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867609.003.0015.
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This chapter evaluates administrative procedure and judicial review in Ukraine. The Constitution of Ukraine provides that 'Administrative courts function in order to protect the rights, freedoms, and interests of a person in the sphere of public relations'. According to the Code of Administrative Proceedings (CAP), all persons have the right to bring a case before the administrative court if they consider that their rights, freedoms, or legal interests have been infringed by the decision, action, or inaction of the empowered authority. While the Constitution states that the jurisdiction of courts covers any legal dispute, the CAP entrusts administrative courts with jurisdiction over all public-law disputes. Absent a law on administrative procedure or administrative acts, in such cases the courts use the provisions of the special law that regulates the concrete sphere. They examine the administrative act or measure from the viewpoint of its conformity with the criteria set forth in the CAP. If the court finds that there has been a breach of fundamental standards of administrative propriety and fairness, it is entitled to quash the contested act or measure and also to award damages.
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„No “Right” of Passage? The Rabbinic Dispute Regarding the Propriety of Bat Mitzvah Celebrations“. In Dynamics of Continuity and Change in Jewish Religious Life, 74–112. Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781618117144-004.
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Denney, Peter. „Sensing the Population Debate: Poverty, Ecology and the Senses in Malthus and his Critics“. In Romantic Environmental Sensibility, 249–71. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456470.003.0014.
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Thomas Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) ushered in a new ecological vision in which scarce environmental resources placed limits on economic development and population growth. This utilitarian attitude to nature came into conflict with a rival Romantic ecological sensibility, leading to a bitter population debate. Scholarship on the population debate has tended to overlook the numerous references made by Malthus and his critics to sight, sound, eating, smell and touch in their discussions of poverty, ecology and rural society. This sensory focus can be traced back to the French Revolution controversy, a propaganda war which politicised the senses in myriad ways. By exploring the role of the senses in Malthus and his critics, this essay will offer a new interpretation of the population debate, showing how a range of Romantic ecological attitudes were shaped by a broader dispute about the propriety of sensory experiences and their attendant social relations.
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„From Excarnation to Ashes“. In Trust Matters, 128–45. Duke University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478027515-006.
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Atop the glitzy neighborhood of Malabar Hill in Mumbai rests the poetically named tower of silence funerary complex wherein Parsis still leave their dead to be excarnated by carrion birds. Chapter 5 examines the role of mortuary ritual infrastructure and its relation to critical disputes in the community over the form and content of death rituals and who may participate in them. A newly built prayer hall attached to a cremation ground has offered a ritual alternative to some. To others, the idea of a corpse, the ultimate in Zoroastrian impure material, being placed into the purest fire is an outrage. This chapter shows how the trusts supporting and managing mortuary infrastructure first oblige and then enable ritual transformation. From excarnation to ashes, this chapter shows the entanglement of ritual infrastructure, created and managed by the trust and the property and propriety of Parsis.
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Addink, Henk. „Implementation of the Good Governance Principles on the International Level“. In Good Governance, 263–69. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841159.003.0017.
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By the end of the twentieth century, the concept of good governance was applied in specific policy fields like international environmental law and in the more general frame of policy by the international organizations. The good governance perspective has also been developed in the context of globalizing administrative law. At present, the implementation of good governance has a much broader meaning than it did twenty years ago. The concept is clearly in development and transition. Elements such as propriety, transparency, participation, accountability, accountability and human rights have been added to the concept. All these elements have been incorporated into several documents over the course of time. Within the framework of the Council of Europe, the ECtHR develops its own interpretation of the principle of good governance in the review of government action. We see that the principles of international law and more specifically the principle of effectiveness and the principle of legitimate expectation have been applied by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. At the grassroots of international law, good governance has been accepted as a principle of law, in national legal systems, and from there in regional and international institutions. So, it functions as a norm for the administration and the court uses elements of the principle in its review. The concept is applied as such and in the different policy fields. In describing the conditions for principles of international law we conclude that the good governance principle is a principle of international law.
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Cressy, David. „Wreccum Maris“. In Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea, 54—C3.P42. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863393.003.0004.
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Abstract Rooted in early modern legal commentary and the records of legal process, this chapter also engages with recent scholarship on law-mindedness, legal culture, and legal pluralism to show how seafarers and shore folk became entangled in disputes over shipwrecks. It asks questions that historians always find useful: cui bono? to whose benefit? and ‘who is saying what to whom?’. It was axiomatic in England that the goods and materials of shipwrecks belonged by prerogative to the crown, which could assign those rights to proprietors, corporations, or individuals. A statute of Edward I, however, enshrined the complication that, ‘where a man, a dog, or a cat escape quick out the ship’, neither that ship, nor anything on it, should be judged wreck. The original owners would have a year and a day to reclaim their property, subject to payment of droits, fees, and rewards. Endless enquiries, suits, and arguments followed about the circumstances of shipwreck, whether all aboard had perished or abandoned their vessel, whether ‘true wreck’ was proved, and how the spoils should be divided. Different views coexisted about the legality and propriety of shoreline activities, whether salvagers worked with or against established authority, whether wrecking constituted a service, a custom, or a crime, and whether common lawyers or the civil lawyers of the Admiralty had jurisdiction.