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1
Kulbanska, Ivanna, Marina Shvets, Anatoliy Goychuk, Monika Sporek, Lidiia Pasicnhyk, Volodymyr Patyka, Antonina Kalinichenko und Mirosław Bąk. „Phytopathogenic Bacteria Associated with Bacterioses of Common Oak (Quercus robur L.) in Ukraine“. Forests 14, Nr. 1 (21.12.2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010014.
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Studying the biological characteristics of the causative agents of bacteriosis of the common oak (Quercus robur L.) (to highlight the links between the key factors of pathogenesis and bacterial groups) is a new and relevant area of research. This work aims to identify the species composition of phytopathogenic bacteria associated with common oak bacteriosis and to study the morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties of pathogens. To establish the general phytosanitary state of the surveyed stands, classical forest inventory and phytopathological (visual on based on typical symptoms of the disease and macroscopic) methods were used. The properties of isolated bacteria were studied using microbiological methods. The weakening and dieback of common oak in the forests of Ukraine is directly related to four types of bacterioses and their pathogens: the soft bacterial rot of acorns (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, bacterial wetwood (Lelliottia nimipressuralis), dry rot of branches and trunks (Erwinia rhapontici), and canker disease (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas sp.). Research on the correspondence between the biological properties of common oak bacteriosis pathogens has established that the synthesis of pectin-degrading enzymes and the ability to ferment with the release of acid and gas in many carbohydrate media by phytopathogenic bacteria is the main characteristic. This ensures the intensity and typical symptoms of the pathogenesis of a particular bacteriosis.
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Subrahmanyam, G., R. Das, R. Debnath, M. Chutia, K. M. Ponnuvel und K. Sathyanarayana. „Characterization of bacterial pathogens in Muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)“. Journal of Environmental Biology 44, Nr. 3(SI) (03.06.2023): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-07.
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Aim: To identify and characterize the bacterial pathogens associated with bacteriosis in muga silkworm, A. assamensis. Methodology: The mid gut of diseased silkworm, A. assamensis was dissected and bacterial pathogens were cultured. Bacterial pathogens were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Insect bioassay studies were conducted to understand the pathogenicity of bacterial isolates. Results: Bacterial pathogens were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus mycoids. Under laboratory conditions, approximately 70% mortality of A. assamensis larvae was due to P. aeruginosa, while 50% larval mortality was due to B. mycoids. Interpretation: P. aeruginosa was relatively more pathogenic to A. assamensis than B. mycoids. Further, a graph on disease progression was developed to understand the trajectory of bacteriosis in A. assamensis. Key words: Bacteriosis, Disease progression, Muga silkworm, Pseudomonas sp., 16S rRNA sequencing
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Arestova, N. O., I. O. Ryabchun und N. G. Ryabushchenko. „SPREAD OF BERRY BACTERIOSIS ON VINE PLANTS OF VARIOUS VARIETIES IN THE LOWER DON“. Russian Vine 24 (11.08.2023): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32904/2712-8245-2023-24-3-9.
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Information is given on the prevalence and intensity of development of bacteriosis of grape berries in the conditions of the Lower Don region. Bacteriosis of berries is caused by the bacterium Bacillus. Basically, bacteria enter the berries through the wound surface of the skin of the berries, caused by insect stings, sunburn, and other factors, although the infection of the berries with bacteria is fixed without damaging the skin. The causative agent of the disease is resistant to high temperatures and lack of moisture. The disease symptoms on the same varieties was noted not every year. The intensity of spread of bacteriosis of berries also differed by years. In 2020, signs of damage by bacteriosis of berries were noted in 30% of the studied varieties and with a greater intensity of damage, compared with 2021. The intensity of bacteriosis damage from 1.5 points and higher was noted in the varieties: VIR-1, Kabashny, Kosorotovsky, Pochatochny, Staryy Goryun, which is 13% of the observed varieties. In 17% of varieties, the intensity of the damage did not exceed 1.4 points. In 2021, bacteriosis of berries appeared in a smaller number of varieties compared to 2020 (10% of the studied ones) and with a lower intensity of damage (up to 1.5 points).
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Vlajić, Slobodan, Maja Ignjatov, Dragana Milošević, Zorica Nikolić und Sanja Vasiljević. „Significant bean bacteriosis“. Biljni lekar 49, Nr. 6 (2021): 761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2106761v.
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Beans are an important plant species that is grown in our agroecological conditions. One of the significant factors in the reduction and quality of yield are phytopathogenic bacteria that appear on leaves, stems, pods and seeds. Also, one of the reasons for the frequent incidence of the disease is the use of seeds that are not declared, and very often infected. In our conditions, depending on the environmental conditions, two species from the genus Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas predominantly appear. Species Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, the causal agent of common bacterial blight is affected by warmer and wet conditions, while the species Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola is affected by colder weather and humid conditions. Other bacteria that appear are of minor economic importance.
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Thainá Fogliatto Moreira, Juliane Nicolodi Camera, Jana Koefender, André Schoffel und Diego Pascoal Golle. „Susceptibility of cassava accessions and microbial activity of plant extracts in the in vitro control of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis“. Acta Biológica Catarinense 10, Nr. 3 (21.09.2023): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v10i3.2159.
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In Brazil, the most important disease in cassava is bacteriosis, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. The variety of substances present in plants has provided an increase in research using plant extracts for in vitro control of phytopathogens. This work aimed to evaluate different extracts for the control of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis as well as to evaluate which accessions are susceptible to this bacteriosis. The work was divided into two experiments, one in a greenhouse and the other in the laboratory, both in a completely randomized design with five replications. The propolis, oregano and star anise extracts tested in this research proved to be a control option. Understanding the antimicrobial effect of compounds present in plant extracts may constitute yet another way of alternatively controlling pathogens in cultivated plants. Regarding the cassava accessions, the use of the Fepagro RS14 cultivar and the FV10, FV13 and SJ06 accessions is recommended, as these proved to be resistant to bacteriosis.
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Larounga, Tchaniley, Adjata Kossikouma Djodji und Agata Takpa Tissalitiyén. „Agromorphological Characterization and Evaluation of the Susceptibility of 19 Cassava Clones (Manihot esculenta crantz) to Cassava Mosaic Disease and Cassava Bacteriosis in Togo“. East African Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences 5, Nr. 4 (02.05.2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjals.2022.v05i04.002.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tuber crop grown in many countries around the world that contributes to people's food security and is a source of income for producers. But it is clear that cassava cultivation encounters enormous constraints, among which cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava bacteriosis are the most important. Thus, knowledge and exploitation of the diversity of cassava is of particular importance for maintaining and improving its productivity. It is in this perspective that the present study is carried out, the objective of which is to identify the morphological characteristics of 19 cassava clones, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the clones to cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava bacteriosis at the Lomé Agronomic Experimentation Station. The results of this study revealed significant phenotypic variability within the clones. The evaluation of the phytosanitary state of the clones showed that the mean attack severity varied from 1.07 to 2.70 for CMD and from 1.81 to 2.11 for bacteriosis. Fresh tuber yields varied from 12.86 t/ha to 75.71 t/ha. Seven clones (GB20, GA24, D24, N22, Cm, C04, C02) obtained a higher yield than the control clone C01 (40 t/ha). The GB20 clone (75.71 t/ha) was the most productive, 89.26% more than the control clone.
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Odintsov, Yu N., und V. M. Perelmuter. „Biological functions of complement“. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 6, Nr. 2 (30.06.2007): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2007-2-72-82.
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One of the true basic resistance factors is complement. Main functions of it consist in bacterial lysis, bacterial opsonisation for phagocytosis. Alteration of lytic function for opsonic function depends upon macrophages. Complement functions at bacteriosis depend on phathogenesis features in infectious disease.
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Ushkalov, A. „Analysis of bacterioses in the Kharkiv region for the period 2019-2022“. Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, Nr. 2 (184) (23.11.2023): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2023-184-2-111-123.
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An important link in maintaining epizootic well-being is a timely diagnosis of an infectious animal disease. In today’s conditions and increased requirements for biosafety, the importance and responsibility of conducting laboratory research is growing. Only a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis is definitive. For the most part, the classic bacteriological method is the basis for an expert opinion and as a result of a laboratory study aimed at identifying the causative agents of bacterial diseases. The relevance of a zoonotic disease is determined by epizootological, epidemiological, ecological, socio-economic values and biosafety for humans and animals. In the article, a thorough analysis and representative results of laboratory studies of biomaterial from different species of animals and data on the dominant and sporadically appearing causative agents of animal bacteriosis in the territory of the Kharkiv region are carried out. The structure of the main causative agents and objects of excretion is determined. Thus, according to the re sults of bacteriological monitoring, it was established that causative agents of colibacteriosis (41%), staphylococcus (30%), streptococcus (17%), salmonellosis (5%), and pasteurellosis (2%) are circulating in the Kharkiv region. The share of causative agents of dysentery, aeromonosis and American bee rot is 1.48% each. The results of the research prove the necessity of continuing bacteriological monitoring for the detection of bacterial pathogens in the territory of the Kharkiv region and the entire territory of Ukraine in order to maintain public and timely prevention of zoonotic diseases. Key words: bacteriosis, colibacteriosis, salmonellosis, staphylococcus, streptococcus, research, epizootic index, bacteriological monitoring, bacterial diseases, causative agent.
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Ruiz, M., E. A. Rossi, N. C. Bonamico und M. G. Balzarini. „MULTI-TRAIT MODELS FOR GENOMIC REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MAL DE RÍO CUARTO AND BACTERIAL DISEASE IN MAIZE“. Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 32, Issue 1 (Juli 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35407/bag.2021.32.01.03.
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Maize (Zea Mays L.) production has been greatly benefited from the improvement of inbred lines in regard to the resistance to diseases. However, the absence of resistant genotypes to bacteriosis is remarkable. The aim of the study was to identify genomic regions for resistance to Mal de Río Cuarto (MRC) and to bacterial disease (BD) in a diverse maize germplasm evaluated in the Argentinian region where MRC virus is endemic. A maize diverse population was assessed for both diseases during the 2019-2020 crop season. Incidence and severity of MRC and BD were estimated for each line and a genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted with 78,376 SNP markers. A multi-trait mixed linear model was used for simultaneous evaluation of resistance to MRC and BD in the scored lines. The germplasm showed high genetic variability for both MRC and BD resistance. No significant genetic correlation was observed between the response to both diseases. Promising genomic regions for resistance to MRC and BD were identified and will be confirmed in further trials. Key words: maize disease; genome wide association study; SNP; multi-trait model
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Ruiz, M., E. A. Rossi, N. C. Bonamico und M. G. Balzarini. „MULTI-TRAIT MODELS FOR GENOMIC REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MAL DE RÍO CUARTO AND BACTERIAL DISEASE IN MAIZE“. Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 32, Issue 1 (Juli 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35407/bag.2020.32.01.03.
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Maize (Zea Mays L.) production has been greatly benefited from the improvement of inbred lines in regard to the resistance to diseases. However, the absence of resistant genotypes to bacteriosis is remarkable. The aim of the study was to identify genomic regions for resistance to Mal de Río Cuarto (MRC) and to bacterial disease (BD) in a diverse maize germplasm evaluated in the Argentinian region where MRC virus is endemic. A maize diverse population was assessed for both diseases during the 2019-2020 crop season. Incidence and severity of MRC and BD were estimated for each line and a genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted with 78,376 SNP markers. A multi-trait mixed linear model was used for simultaneous evaluation of resistance to MRC and BD in the scored lines. The germplasm showed high genetic variability for both MRC and BD resistance. No significant genetic correlation was observed between the response to both diseases. Promising genomic regions for resistance to MRC and BD were identified and will be confirmed in further trials. Key words: maize disease; genome wide association study; SNP; multi-trait model
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Yadav, Saumya, Neha Sengar, Akriti Singh, Anushikha Singh und Malay Kishore Dutta. „Identification of disease using deep learning and evaluation of bacteriosis in peach leaf“. Ecological Informatics 61 (März 2021): 101247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101247.
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Hnatiuk, Tetiana, Olha Kravchenko, Leonid Abarbarchuk, Andrii Churilov und Viacheslav Chobotar. „Influence of drugs produced by electropulse ablation methods on the development of soybean phytopathogenic bacteria“. PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE 14, Nr. 3 (07.07.2023): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/plant3.2023.22.
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The causative agents of soybean blotch (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea) and soybean pustular bacteriosis (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines) are common phytopathogenic bacteria. However, the lack of officially registered drugs against them stimulates the search for new solutions. The research aims to determine the effect of these micronutrient preparations obtained by electropulse ablation on bacteria during artificial infection of soybean with museum strains of pustular bacteriosis and angular spot pathogens. The antibacterial activity of the studied preparations was compared with the untreated variants and the effect of traditional chemical pesticides based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M. The spread and development of the disease were assessed by the number of affected plants using a scale from 0 to 4 points. It was found that varietal characteristics of soybeans affect the degree of infection by phytopathogenic bacteria. It was found that weather conditions, in particular air temperature, are a significant factor in the development of disease manifestations. It was proved that seed treatment with a chemical pesticide based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M in the absence of additional foliar treatment does not reduce the manifestations and degree of damage compared to the control (without treatment). Dressing and foliar treatment with a chemical pesticide based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M only partially reduce the manifestations of bacteriosis compared to the control variants (by about 15%). At the same time, the use of preparations obtained by electropulse ablation methods is promising against phytopathogenic bacteria in the system of soybean cultivation technology – namely, it was determined that under the condition of soybean plants treatment with experimental preparations according to the Comfort scheme (consumption – 150 ml/t of seeds) + Dobrodiy fertilizer (consumption – 2, 4 l/t of seeds) + microelement preparation “Micro Protect” (consumption of 500 ml/t of seeds) + two foliar treatments with the specified mixture of microelement preparations, the delay in the manifestation of plant damage until the time of harvesting is increased, which in turn is likely to lead to an increase in yields. The practical significance of the work is to determine effective methods of controlling phytopathogenic bacteria that harm soybeans
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Rakhmatov, Asror, Asomiddin Kholliev, Uygun Tashpulatov, Mirjamol Akbarov und Kudrat Sattorov. „Monitoring of disease and pests in vineyards and their levels of harmfulness“. E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 03050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338903050.
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This article monitors the spread and damage of oidium (Uncinula necator Burrill), anthracnose (Gloeosporium ampelophagum Sacc) and mildew (Plasmopara viticola Berl & De Toni) diseases in the vineyards of Tashkent, Samarkand and Fergana regions of Uzbekistan. In addition, additional monitoring work was carried out on the spread of the external quarantine vine bacteriosis Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al) in the vineyards of Uzbekistan. According to the results of research and observation in 2022, vine oidium disease is relatively low in the vineyards of Samarkand and Fergana regions (from 5.0% to 30.0% in leaves, branches and grape bunches), and strongly in the vineyards of Tashkent region (12% in leaves, branches and grape bunches). .0% to 100.0%) have been found to be harmful. Anthracnose disease is widespread in the vineyards of Tashkent and Samarkand regions (from 10.0% to 75.0% on leaves, branches and bunches of grapes), causing severe damage to vineyards, and it is relatively rare in Fergana region (from 5.0% to 20.0% on leaves, branches and bunches of grapes) was found to be spread.
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Wanja, Daniel W., Paul G. Mbuthia, Robert M. Waruiru, Lilly C. Bebora und Helena A. Ngowi. „Natural Concurrent Infections with Black Spot Disease and Multiple Bacteriosis in Farmed Nile Tilapia in Central Kenya“. Veterinary Medicine International 2020 (30.07.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821324.
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Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most cultured and available fish for Kenyan consumers, and therefore, any tilapine disease deprives them the valuable source of protein. Nile tilapia farm was diagnosed with severe concurrent black spot disease and multiple bacteriosis using gross lesions and parasitological, histopathology, and standard bacteriological procedures. A total of 25 fish were sampled and inspected, and all of them had raised, macroscopic 1 mm-sized black spot lesions. The mean intensity of black spots per fish was 728 with an abundance of 2–1740 metacercariae cysts per fish. A high intensity of black spot infestation was observed in the fins (43.9%), skin and underlying muscles (18.3%), and gills (18%). In addition, histopathological data confirmed presence of a metacercaria of Neascus spp. as the aetiological agent of black spot disease. Furthermore, a thick fibrous capsule around the metacercaria, black pigment melanomacrophages, and moderate muscle atrophy were observed. The most prevalent bacteria isolated were Aeromonas, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Micrococcus luteus. Physicochemical parameters of pond water were temperature (28.2°C), dissolved oxygen (4.2 mgl−1), pH (8.5), ammonia free nitrogen (15.8 mgl−1), alkalinity (112 mgl−1), hardness (68 mgl−1), nitrites (0.058 mgl−1), nitrates (58 mgl−1), and phosphates (0.046 mgl−1). However, the levels of nitrates, nitrites, alkalinity, and ammonia free nitrogen exceeded the recommended limits. In conclusion, these findings suggest that coinfections by these organisms coupled by water quality-related stress can be associated with low-grade mortality observed in postfingerling tilapia as well as reduced growth. The authors recommended immediate destocking, thorough disinfection, and control of piscivorous birds. Moreover, attention ought to be geared towards prevention of parasitic infestations in fish so as to minimize fish deaths related to secondary bacteriosis. Further experimental studies should be carried out to elucidate the relationship of these pathogens.
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Kharina, A., N. Kornienko, A. Stavniychuk, T. Kot und M. Liptuga. „ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES, CAPABLE TO LYSE SERRATIA MARCESCENS AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ACTIVITY ON ONION AND GERANIUM“. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 72, Nr. 2 (2016): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2016.72.89-91.
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In this study, phages active against S. marcescens, causative agent of onion decay, were isolated from plant material. One virus isolate was shown to accumulate in high titers and was denoted as phage S. This bacteriophage exhibited a hexagonal head and tail and was attributed to Myoviridae family. It was shown the ability of bacteriophage S to suppress the development of bacteriosis on geranium plants. Investigated virus isolate also inhibited rooting of onion scales. This work focused on a biological control approach to use bacteriophages for reducing bacterial pathogen populations and disease severity on plants.
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Shneyder, E. Yu, E. V. Karimova, Yu A. Shneyder und Yu N. Prikhodko. „Quarantine and particularly dangerous bacteria, phytoplasmas and viruses that pose a risk to the viticulture in Russian Federation“. Horticulture and viticulture, Nr. 2 (26.05.2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2020-2-41-51.
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The Russian Federation imports large quantities of planting and grafting material of grapes, including from countries where dangerous harmful organisms are spread to vineyards. Plant protection specialists in this industry, as well as grape producers, must understand the possible risk associated with the danger of the entry of quarantine disease pathogens into the Russian Federation and the potential damage if infected plant material is imported. Studies have been carried out by the staff of All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center to assess the phytosanitary risk of pests associated with the import of seedlings, stocks and grape cuttings. Based on these studies, the list of pests for the vine that have quarantine status and potentially quarantine status for the Russian Federation, in particular bacterioses, phytoplasmas and viral diseases has been established. This article describes the main diseases that affect grapes and are included in the Unified List of Quarantine Pests of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as potentially dangerous viral diseases that are not currently included, but planned for inclusion in the Unified List, which pose a serious threat if they penetrate to the territory of the Russian Federation. From quarantine pathogens, grapes are affected by grape bacteriosis (Pierce disease of grapevine) (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.), bacterial blight of grapevine (Xylophilus ampelinus (Panagopoulos) Willems et al.), Flavescence dorée of grapevine (Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis), from the planned inclusion grapes are affected by red spotting of grape leaves (Grapevine red blotch-associated virus), marbling of grape leaves (Grapevine vein clearing virus) and discoloration of the leaves of Roditis grape (Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus). The article considers the biological peculiarities of pathogens, ways of their possible penetration and spread on the territory of the cultivation of grape in the Russian Federation, host plants of quarantine and dangerous pests, the main symptoms of diseases on plants, possible vectors, damage caused by quarantine pests in the countries of spreading, diagnostic methods, as well as areas of possible harmfulness for the Russian Federation.
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Kulbanska, I. M., M. V. Shvets, А. F. Goychuk, L. H. Biliavska und V. P. Patyka. „Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945) Brady et al. 2013 – the Causative Agent of Bacterial Dropsy of Common Oak (Quercus robur L.) in Ukraine“. Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, Nr. 5 (17.10.2021): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.05.030.
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The article presents the symptomatic characteristics of vascular-parenchymal bacteriosis, which is quite common on forest woody plants, caused by the causative agent of bacterial dropsy. It was shown that a characteristic feature of this bacteriosis is the formation of various shapes and sizes of ulcers, in the places of formation of which there is a release of a dark, almost black, exudate. It is emphasized that during the study of the vascular system of common oak trees, its dark coloration is noticeable. Now there is a chronic course of the disease with the presence of dieback of individual branches in the crown. It was established that the causative agent of bacterial dropsy is Lelliottia nimipressuralis; its physiological and biochemical characteristics are given. The aim of the work is the bacteriological study of wood samples with typical signs of bacterial dropsy, study of morphological, cultural and biochemical properties of the causative agent of bacterial dropsy of oak. Methods. Classical microbiological, phytopathological, biochemical, statistical methods were uses in the work. If a bacterial dropsy was suspected, diagnostic methods were combined, with the help of which the etiology of the disease was established: an accurate analysis of symptoms; a thorough microscopic examination of the affected parts of plants; isolation and identification of the pathogen using NEFERMtest24 MikroLaTE, ErbaLachema, API 20E test systems and the like. Results. We have noted the habitual manifestations of the bacterial dropsy of the common oak. From the lesion, where dark brown areas of wood appeared under the bark in the area of the ulcer against the background of healthy light-colored wood, isolated bacterial isolates were identified by morphological and physiological-biochemical properties as Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Brady et al. 2013) – the causative agent of bacterial dropsy of oak (now Enterobacter nimipressuralis). It was found that isolates from common oak, like the collection strain E. nimipressuralis 8791, are gram-negative. It was shown that the studied bacteria are facultative anaerobes and use glucose both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. They do not form gelatinase and protopectinase. Exhibit a positive Voges-Proskauer reaction. Bacteria use glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, amygdalin, and melibiose as the only source of carbon nourishment. The bacteria do not use inositol and sorbitol. They do not form indole and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), but are capable of reducing nitrates. They contain arginine dehydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, β-galactosidase, but not lysine decarboxylase, and urease. Conclusions. It has been established that the diseases that we discovered are, by all symptomatic signs, a systemic, vascular-parenchymal bacteriosis, known as bacterial dropsy of oak, which affects all tissues, plant parts and generative organs at all stages of ontogenesis. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of bacterial dropsy isolated by us during the research, we identified the causative agent of bacterial edema of oak – Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945).
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Armel, Mouketou, Ndiade Bourobou Dyana, Koumba Aubin Armel, Abessolo Meye Clotilde, Gnacadja Claude, Zinga Koumba Christophe Roland, Mbeng Ndong Hendrix, Sima Owono Rochat Léotard, Lepengué Alexis Nicaise und Mavoungou Jacques François. „Occurrence, Distribution and Farmers' Perceptions of Cassava Diseases in Gabon, Central Africa“. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 16, Nr. 4 (25.11.2023): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arja/2023/v16i4402.
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Aims: In order to identify and assess the level of cassava diseases in farms present in Gabon, disease surveys were carried out across the country in 2021 and 2022.
Methodology: The method used is based on administration of questionnaire to cassava growers, supplemented by the recognition of disease symptoms on 30 randomly selected plants in farms.
Results: Some 201 cassava growers were interviewed, 84.04% (n=169) of them were women and 15.92% (n=32) men. Nearly 65.41% of the farmers interviewed had a primary school education and were aged between 51 and 55. The majority of these producers had farming as their main activity (89.73%). The results showed the occurrence of five cassava diseases in the study area: cassava mosaic (Im = 60.22%; Sm = 2.95), anthracnose (Im = 19.45%; Sm = 3), leaf necrosis (Im= 9.95%; Sm = 2.71), bacteriosis (Im = <1%; Sm = 3), and root rot (Im = <1%; Sm = 2.61). Among these diseases, mosaic was the most frequently observed in the provinces surveyed. Its incidence was lowest in Estuaire (38.40%) and highest in Ogooué-Ivindo (71.36%) and Ogooué-Maritime (71.76%). Anthracnose incidence was lowest in Moyen-Ogooué (4.05%) and highest in Haut-Ogooué (36.50%). For leaf necrosis, Woleu-Ntem (0.71%) and Ogooué-Ivindo (31.11%) recorded the lowest and highest incidence respectively.
Conclusion: In order to control these cassava diseases, it is important to initiate and implement awareness campaigns and training workshops for growers to encourage them to adopt good farming practices.
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Galeev, R. R., S. S. Potapova, E. V. Rogova und N. A. Potapov. „Comparative assessment of productivity of white cabbage hybrids of Seminis breeding in the forest-steppe conditions of western Siberia“. Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), Nr. 4 (08.02.2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-61-4-17-26.
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The authors conducted comprehensive research on evaluating heterosis hybrids of foreign selection of cabbage in the forest-steppe conditions of the Priob’ye region. We studied economically valuable features of promising mid-late cabbage hybrids and features of their cultivation on darkgrey forest soil. The research was conducted for two years. As a result of research, hybrids with maximum yield, resistance to mucus bacteriosis, and resistance to root cracking were identified. These hybrids give a high work of standard products, retain marketable qualities throughout the storage period, and contribute to a stable income due to the long sale period of commercial products. The reference hybrid Kohl’s F₁ is the highest yielding hybrid. The Arrivist F₁ hybrid is closer to the Kohl’s F₁ hybrid, with a yield lower by 4.4 t/ha. The other hybrids showed profits 1.1 (Galvatron F₁) and 1.35 (Ferro F1) times lower than the Kola F₁. The standard output was between 84% and 94%. The Arriwist F₁ and Ferro F₁ hybrids showed the best persistence. Due to the sound industry, the shelflife of these hybrids is five points. Thus, the authors distinguished the hybrids Arrivist F₁ and Kohl’s F₁ in commercial value and marketability. All the experimental hybrids were also distinguished for their cabbage. The hybrids Arriviste F₁ and Ferro F₁ showed high resistance to disease during cultivation and storage. All experimental hybrids are recommended for cultivation on vegetable farms and private households. The Ferro hybrid is the best marketability, palatability and storage period (until February). Arriviste F₁ is the best hybrid in terms of resistance to bacteriosis. The authors recommend growing and storing all the experimental hybrids to create a conveyor belt for cabbage sales during the winter-spring period.
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Shabaldas, Olga Georgievna, Konstantin Igorevich Pimonov, Anna Petrovna Shutko und Yulia Aleksandrovna Bezgina. „The fungicides effectiveness in soybean cultivation under irrigation in the conditions of the Central Caucasus“. Agrarian Scientific Journal, Nr. 10 (25.10.2023): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp80-86.
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Studies conducted in 2018-2020 allowed us to determine the best protection system and biological effectiveness of fungicides when growing soybeans under irrigation in the conditions of the Central Caucasus. Soybeans were grown on ordinary chernozem after winter wheat on the basis of LLC "Agrosakhar" (Izobilnensky district, Stavropol Territory). Irrigation was carried out by sprinkling. Phytoexpertize of soybean seeds before sowing revealed the presence of infection represented by fungi from the genera: Alternaria, Ascochyta, Fusarium, Peronospora, Sclerotinia, Septoria, and bacteria from the genera: Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas. Fungicides were used for seed etching: Maxim, KS; Delit Pro, KS; TMTD, VSK; Protect,KS. During the budding phase, the crops were treated with fungicides Optimo, CS and Acanto Plus, CS. The maximum effectiveness in the fight against fusarium was established when seeds were treated with the fungicide Delit Pro, CS (0.5 l /t) – the prevalence of fusarium decreased by 82.0, and the development of the disease by 70.4%. The fungicide Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l/ha) was more effective compared to the standard by an average of 5.7–12.4%. Combined application of seed pickling Divides Pro, CS (0.5 l /t), and the treatment of crops in the budding phase with the fungicide Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l /ha) was characterized by the greatest effect: the number of plants affected by peronosporosis decreased by 84.3% and the development of the disease decreased by 81.2%. The greatest biological effect in the fight against soybean bacteriosis was after seed etching with TMTD, VSK (6 l/t) and treatment of vegetative plants with Acanto Plus fungicide, CS (0.6 l/ha), the prevalence of bacteriosis decreased by 69.4%, and development - by 39.8%. In this variant, the highest yield of soybean seeds was obtained at 3.36 t/ha, which is more than the control variant by 0.64 t/ha and more than the standard by 0.11 t/ha. The profitability of growing soybean seeds using the studied protection systems, depending on the fungicides used, varied from 89.7 (Protect, CS (2.0 l/t); Optimo, CS (0.5 l/ha)) up to 103.4% (TMTD, VSK (6.0 l/t); Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l/ha)).
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Vogel, Verena, und Barbara Spellerberg. „Bacteriocin Production by Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci“. Pathogens 10, Nr. 7 (09.07.2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070867.
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Beta-hemolytic streptococci cause a variety of infectious diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. A key factor for successful infection is host colonization, which can be difficult in a multispecies environment. Secreting bacteriocins can be beneficial during this process. Bacteriocins are small, ribosomally produced, antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of other, typically closely related, bacteria. In this systematic review, bacteriocin production and regulation of beta-hemolytic streptococci was surveyed. While Streptococcus pyogenes produces eight different bacteriocins (Streptococcin A-FF22/A-M49, Streptin, Salivaricin A, SpbMN, Blp1, Blp2, Streptococcin A-M57), only one bacteriocin of Streptococcus agalactiae (Agalacticin = Nisin P) and one of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (Dysgalacticin) has been described. Expression of class I bacteriocins is regulated by a two-component system, typically with autoinduction by the bacteriocin itself. In contrast, a separate quorum sensing system regulates expression of class II bacteriocins. Both identified class III bacteriocins are plasmid-encoded and regulation has not been elucidated.
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Zübert, Christina, und Michael Kube. „Application of TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Detecting ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus Phytopathogenicus’ Infection in Sugar Beet“. Pathogens 10, Nr. 11 (12.11.2021): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111466.
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The γ-proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ is assigned as the major pathogen of “Syndrome des basses richesses”, a sugar beet disease characterised by a reduction in the sugar content of taproots and biomass yield. Despite the economic impact of this bacteriosis, diagnostics for this important pathogen currently rely on end-point PCR detection. Herein, we introduce a TaqMan qPCR for diagnostics of the agent targeting genes encoding a heat shock protein of the Hsp20 family and mannose-6-phosphate isomerase. Quantitation with synthetic oligonucleotides as standard showed that the developed TaqMan qPCR assays enable the detection of up to 100 target copies. A comparison between the TaqMan qPCR and end-point PCR for ‘Ca. A. phytopathogenicus’ detection was carried out on 78 sugar beet samples from different locations in southern Germany. The newly developed assays enable the fast, reliable and sensitive detection of ‘Ca. A. phytopathogenicus’ in sugar beet.
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Stapleton, J. J. „Effects of Postharvest Chlorine and Wax Treatments on Surface Microflora of Lime Fruit in Relation to Citrus Bacteriosis Disease“. Plant Disease 70, Nr. 11 (1986): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-70-1046.
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Tomash, L. V., I. S. Mikuliak, M. I. Linskaia und G. V. Kozak. „Evaluation of maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine“. Scientific Journal Grain Crops 6, Nr. 2 (02.03.2023): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0231.
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Topicality. The results of phytopathological evaluation of breeding material (the maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)) against the natural background of the main diseases fusarium (Fusarium (F. moniliforme J. Sheld), bacteriosis (Bacillus mesentericus-vulgatus Flugge), white rust (non-parasitic disease), boil smut (Ustilago zeae (Beskm.) Unger)) are given. The damage of corn hybrids by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb) was determined. Purpose. Our research was aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of new maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The studies was conducted on the fields of Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of Institute of Agriculture in Carpathian region NAAS in selective crop rotation of NAAS according to generally accepted methods of field experiments, methodical recommendations and handbooks. The resistance of 299 maize hybrids was evaluated, including 125 hybrids in the competitive variety trial and 174 in the preliminary variety trial. Pochayivskyi 190 MV and DB Lada hybrids were used as a standard for comparing early-ripening hybrids, and Orzhytsia 237 MV and DB Khotyn hybrids were used as a standard for comparing mid-early hybrids. Early-ripening hybrids are included in the FAO 180–199, and mid-early hybrids – in the FAO 200–299. Results. Sampling based on hybrids resistance to major diseases and damage by European corn borer will improve grain quality and productivity of newly developed maize hybrids. Highly resistant, resistant and medium resistant to diseases hybrids were identified, which can be recommended for state variety testing: to Fusarium pathogen – 52, 97 and 92 (80.5 %) hybrids, bacteriosis – 143, 106, 38 (95.9 %), white smut – 190, 59, 34 (94.8 %), boil smut – 279, 8, 10 (99.3 %), respectively, and to damage by European corn borer: highest resistant (damage 0–5 %) – 172, high resistant (6–15 %) – 75, and medium resistant (damage 16–25 %) – 35 (94.3 %) hybrids. Conclusion. As a result of multi-year research, a number of maize hybrids, which are characterized by resistance to major diseases and pests and high yielding properties (9.2 t/ha), were bred by the Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS in co-authorship with breeders of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS., Thus, 77 maize hybrids have high resistance to damage by European corn borer, 8 hybrids were distinguished by high resistance to the pathogen of boil smut. In addition, 97 maize hybrids were resistant to Fusarium pathogen. The implementation of these hybrids in production will significantly improve the maize yield in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. For the second year, the early ripe hybrid (FAO 180) DB Tyras, created in co-authorship with the State Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, is undergoing state variety testing. The hybrid is characterized by high resistance to pathogens of Fusarium, boil smut, the potential yield of which is 13.5 t/ha. Key words: hybrid, maize, natural background, disease, pest, resistance, injury, damage
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Junior, Cezário Ferreira dos Santos, Claudio Córdoba Correoso, Marcos Copacheski, Pedro Boff und Mari Inês Carissimi Boff. „High dynamic dilutions and genetic variability to phytosanitary management and yield of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L)“. June 2021, Nr. 15(06):2021 (10.06.2021): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2857.
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The substitution of landrace populations of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by commercial cultivars provided genetic uniformity and loss of rusticity. It makes the bean plants more vulnerable to pests, increasing the use of pesticides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity and health of beans landraces compared to commercial cultivars, reducing the effect of high dynamic dilutions. The evaluated traits were grain yield (kg ha-1), thousand grain weight (g), and occurrence of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and bacteriosis (Xanthomonas sp.). Evaluation of high dynamic dilutions was also done in addition to the previous variables, was evaluated number of pods per plant and pods with the presence of anthracnose. The analysis of the data did not show any differences in the productivity and disease rate between the landraces and the commercial cultivars of beans. The high dynamic dilutions do not show any conclusive results in terms of productivity. However, all treatments were superior in phytosanitary management compared to control
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DINU, Sorina, Lavinia-Diana-Nicoleta BARBU und Constantina CHIRECEANU. „Patentable Formula Based on Essential Oils with a Protective Effect Against Rhizobium Vitis“. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 80, Nr. 1 (21.06.2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2022.0028.
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The crown gall of grapevines is an economic importance bacteriosis caused by Rhizobium vitis strains. Five essential oils (EO’s) were tested against the autochthonous 2btm strain of R. vitis for their capacity to inhibit the phytopathogen growth, by in vitro and in planta tests. The measurements regarding in vitro inhibition zone were performed. Subsequently, the ability of patentable formula based on essential oils to prevent/reduce tumor formation in tomato and vine plants has been tested. After 30 days for tomato plants, the evaluation of disease incidence and effectiveness of treatments applied at two points in time (T0 and T30), were determined. In vine plants, tumorigenesis is initiated up to 9 months after inoculation, so the results are being processed. Efficacy values of 94.7% at both T0 and T30 and, a very low disease incidence of 5% compared to positive control were recorded. Also, the tumor of EO’s treated tomato plants were smaller in size and did not form a complete ring as positive control plants. The use of patentable formula as prevented treatment, reduced the number of plants developing crown gall symptoms and tumor size compared to positive control plants.
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Prikhodko, S. I., I. N. Pisareva und K. P. Kornev. „Detecting Xylella fastidiosa, a grape bacteriosis agent (Pierce disease) applicability evaluation of molecular methods used in international and domestic practice“. Horticulture and viticulture, Nr. 1 (24.03.2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2022-1-38-43.
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The grape bacteriosis agent (Pierce disease), namely, Xylella fastidiosa, represents a quarantine disease that is absent on the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union. For its efficient detection, the methods should be harmonised with international and local protocols; the import substitution of the recommended reagents should be considered. Five PCR tests were optimised using domestically produced compounds, and their main efficiency criteria, as per the EPPO standard 7/098 (4), were determined during studies carried out at the FSBI VNIIKR. In addition, a commercial kit, “Phytoscreen” (LLC “Syntol”, Russia), was validated. The results of the applicability assessment revealed a high sensitivity of real-time PCR (102 CFU/ml) following Harper et al. (2010), Li et al. (2013) and Ouyang et al. (2013), high sensitivity (no false positive or non-specific reactions were detected) and 100 % precision in experiment and site precision. These tests will be included in the guidelines for detecting X. fastidiosa as a screening test. It should be noted that the sensitivity of PCR, as per Li et al. (2013), using the 5x MasCFE TaqMIX -2025 reaction mixture (“Dialat Ltd.”, Russia), was improved relative to the data reported in TPS (2018). In addition, real-time PCR based on Francis et al. (2006) and classical PCR, as per Minsavage et al. (1994), exhibit an analytical sensitivity of 100 % at target concentrations of 103 and 104 CFU/ml, respectively. All real-time PCR showed selectivity for lavender extract, excluding the commercial Phytoscreen kit, which was characterised by inhibition of amplification.
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Zimina, Maria, Olga Babich, Alexander Prosekov, Stanislav Sukhikh, Svetlana Ivanova, Margarita Shevchenko und Svetlana Noskova. „Overview of Global Trends in Classification, Methods of Preparation and Application of Bacteriocins“. Antibiotics 9, Nr. 9 (28.08.2020): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090553.
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This paper summarizes information about the division of bacteriocins into classes (Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and archaea). Methods for producing bacteriocins have been studied. It is known that bacteriocins, most successfully used today are products of secondary metabolism of lactic acid bacteria. It is established that the main method of bacteriocin research is PCR analysis, which makes it possible to quickly and easily identify the presence of bacteriocin encoding genes. The mechanism of cytotoxic action of bacteriocins has been studied. It is proved that the study of cytotoxic (antitumor) activity in laboratory conditions will lead to the clinical use of bacteriocins for cancer treatment in the near future. It is established that the incorporation of bacteriocins into nanoparticles and targeted delivery to areas of infection may soon become an effective treatment method. The delivery of bacteriocins in a concentrated form, such as encapsulated in nanoparticles, will increase their effectiveness and minimize potential toxic side effects. The analysis of publications on this topic confirmed that diverse research on bacteriocins is relevant.
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Pastoshchuk, A. Yu, L. M. Butsenko und L. M. Skivka. „ВПЛИВ PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE НА IНТРОДУКОВАНI СОРТИ ПШЕНИЦІ“. Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 76, Nr. 2 (26.07.2019): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.2.14.
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Pseudomonas syringae, the causal agent of basal bacteriosis of wheat, is the most dangerous wheat pathogen in Ukraine. The phytopathogen affects all parts of plants and seeds, and may be the cause of their low germination. It also causes empty-head leading to crop losses and quality decrease. P syringiae survives on host plant residues, in soil and on seed. Seed infestation can play an important role in disease epidemiology. An important component of the outer membrane and the virulence factor of phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which participates in pathogenesis processes, and is responsible for toxigenicity and immunogenicity of causal agents. The strategic importance of wheat in the agrarian market of Ukraine actualizes the research into the varieties resistant to basal bacteriosis. The study aims to determine the effects of phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens and P. syrіngae pv. atrofaciens, as well as their LPS on seeds of different wheat varieties. Bacterial strains were obtained from the collection of live cultures at the department of phytopathogenic bacteria of D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the NASU. To conduct the experiment a suspension of living cells of the pathogen with a concentration of 109 CFU / ml and LPS solution at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was used. Exposure time was 24 h. The seed germination and the length of the main root of the sprout were determined after 4 days of germination period. Phytotoxic effect of P. syrіngae cells and their LPS was investigated using two varieties of winter wheat (Discus and Huculus) and spring wheat variety of Grenny. Introduced in Ukraine wheat varieties of foreign breeding Discus, Hukulus and Grenny were characterized by moderate sensitivity to phytopathogenic bacteria P. syrinae pv. coronafaciens and P. syrіngae pv. atrofaciens, as well as to their LPS. The most resistant to the phytopathogenic effect of P. syrіngae pathovars were the grains of the variety of winter wheat Discus. Live bacterial suspensions exerted a more pronounced phytotoxic effect, compared to their LPS, towards wheat grains of winter varieties and less pronounced than LPS - towards grain of spring wheat variety.
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Prikhodko, S. I., I. N. Pisareva, K. P. Kornev, G. N. Bondarenko, N. G. Valeeva und Ya E. Radionovskaya. „Isolation protocol trials for grapevine bacteriosis (Pierce's disease) agent Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. during research monitoring of the Republic of Crimea“. Horticulture and viticulture, Nr. 1 (23.03.2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-1-39-47.
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Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. causes grapevine bacteriosis and is among most hazardous malicious bacterial phytopathogens affecting a wide variety of important crops and ornamental plants. The agent colonises plant xylem and transmits with insects feeding on xylem sap. The insect vectors of X. fastidiosa belong to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha, families Cicadellidae, Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae and Cicadidae. A phytosanitary control survey conducted by the All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Quarantine in 2014 identified a high risk of X. fastidiosa introduction and adaptation in the Russian Federation. The Crimean Peninsula is a potential introduction area of the Pierce’s disease agent due to suitable climatic conditions, the ample availability of major host plants, as well as insect vectors. During a research monitoring in 2018-2020, the Institute assessed the phytosanitary status of the Crimean territory. The survey sampled vegetative parts of grapevines, stone fruits (peach, cherry, plum, merry, almond), selected essential-oil and ornamental shrubs and trees. Diagnostic procedures were performed in accordance with the international standards. A three-year phytosanitary survey of the Crimean plantations revealed no presence of X. fastidiosa. Two protocols of sample preparation and DNA extraction from various substrates have been tested. A real-time PCR-based protocol was proved highly specific for zero false positive and nonspecific rates.
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AlSalam A. AlKarem, Kurdistan A., und Suzan .Kamran. Hasan. „The inhibition of selected pathogens by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophiles bacteriocins.“ Sumer 4 8, CSS 4 (15.10.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.72.
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Bacteriocins were produced from Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles and MIX (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles) by two methods: Shaker Fermentation and Static Fermentation (aerobic and anaerobic) through bacterial growth in MRS liquid medium, for each of them and the detection of the inhibitory activity on some types of pathogenic bacteria through the growth of the test bacteria on a solid nutrient medium Agar Nutrient. It was found that the three isolates can produce bacteriocin, and there are significant differences between each of the bacteriocins towards the pathogenic bacteria. It shows that the bacteriocin produced from Lactobacillus bulgaricus has a higher inhibitory activity and can inhibit different types of bacteria from gram-positive and gram-negative keywords: Doxazosin, Chloroquine, Synergism, MCF-7, Autophagy. Keywords: Shaker Fermentation. Static Fermentation. Bacteriocins. Lactic acid bacteria.
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Izquierdo, Esther, Yimin Cai, Eric Marchioni und Saïd Ennahar. „Genetic Identification of the Bacteriocins Produced by Enterococcus faecium IT62 and Evidence that Bacteriocin 32 Is Identical to Enterocin IT“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, Nr. 5 (09.03.2009): 1907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00052-09.
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ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecium IT62, a strain isolated from ryegrass in Japan, produces three bacteriocins (enterocins L50A, L50B, and IT) that have been previously purified and the primary structures of which have been determined by amino acid sequencing (E. Izquierdo, A. Bednarczyk, C. Schaeffer, Y. Cai, E. Marchioni, A. Van Dorsselaer, and S. Ennahar, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52:1917-1923, 2008). Genetic analysis showed that the bacteriocins of E. faecium IT62 are plasmid encoded, but with the structural genes specifying enterocin L50A and enterocin L50B being carried by a plasmid (pTAB1) that is separate from the one (pTIT1) carrying the structural gene of enterocin IT. Sequencing analysis of a 1,475-bp region from pTAB1 identified two consecutive open reading frames corresponding, with the exception of 2 bp, to the genes entL50A and entL50B, encoding EntL50A and EntL50B, respectively. Both bacteriocins are synthesized without N-terminal leader sequences. Genetic analysis of a sequenced 1,380-bp pTIT1 fragment showed that the genes entIT and entIM, encoding enterocin IT and its immunity protein, respectively, were both found in E. faecium VRE200 for bacteriocin 32. Enterocin IT, a 6,390-Da peptide made up of 54 amino acids, has been previously shown to be identical to the C-terminal part of bacteriocin 32, a 7,998-Da bacteriocin produced by E. faecium VRE200 whose structure was deduced from its structural gene (T. Inoue, H. Tomita, and Y. Ike, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50:1202-1212, 2006). By combining the biochemical and genetic data on enterocin IT, it was concluded that bacteriocin 32 is in fact identical to enterocin IT, both being encoded by the same plasmid-borne gene, and that the N-terminal leader peptide for this bacteriocin is 35 amino acids long and not 19 amino acids long as previously reported.
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De Andrade Júnior, Francisco Patricio, Januse Míllia Dantas de Araújo, Laisa Vilar Vilar Cordeiro, Egberto Santos Santos Carmo, Vanessa Santos de Arruda Barbosa und Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima. „Epidemiological profile of people affected by tuberculosis in Campina Grande - PB, between 2014 and 2018“. Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 20, Nr. 2 (29.09.2021): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v20i2.37631.
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Introduction: tuberculosis is a bacteriosis caused by the etiological agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which initially affects the lungs, however it can become extrapulmonary. Although this infection is an important public health problem in Brazil, epidemiological studies on this disease are scarce. Objective: thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological profile of people affected by tuberculosis in Campina Grande – PB, between the years 2014 to 2018. Methodology: this is an epidemiological, retrospective, analytical and documentary study, in which data were collected from the Department of Informatics of the “Sistema Único de Saúde”. Results: Between 2014 and 2018, 795 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Campina Grande-PB, with 2018 having the highest number of cases (24.6%). The epidemiological profile of those affected was predominantly male, aged 20 to 39 years, with low schooling, mixed race and residents of the urban area. When associating sex with immunosuppressive factors, a statistically significant association was observed between, HIV, the state of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and alcoholism (p <0.05). Conclusion: in this way, the data of this research can guide the development of indicators and public policiesfor the most susceptible population.
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Barroso, Karol Alves, Xênia Bastos de Oliveira, Márcia Ferreira Queiroz, Camila De Oliveira Almeida, Vitor Prates Lorenzo, Flávia Cartaxo Ramalho Vilar, Cristiane Domingos da Paz und Ana Rosa Peixoto. „Efficacy of essential oils in the management of soft rot caused by Pectobacterium aroidearum in lettuce“. Bioscience Journal 37 (29.12.2021): e37095. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-54179.
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Lettuce is susceptible to several diseases, especially soft rot caused by bacteria of the genus Pectobacterium. Due to the adaptability of this pathogen and the lack of disease control registered for the crop, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of essential oils in the management of soft rot caused by P. aroidearum in lettuce. The study was developed at the Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, and the essential oils (EOs) of orange, bergamot, lemongrass, palmarosa, citronella, cloves, tea tree, rosemary, sage, and ginger were used in concentrations of 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0% to assess the in vitro growth inhibition of the bacterium. Subsequently, the curative effects of the disease were evaluated by applying the EOs that obtained the best results in vitro in lettuce plants of the susceptible variety “Mônica”. The treatments were applied, via spraying, 12 hours after inoculation using the bite method with bacterial suspension. The best in vivo treatment was selected to assess its preventive and curative activity, as well as to find the ideal concentration for reducing epidemiological variables and chromatographic characterization. The EOs of palmarosa, sage, citronella, lemongrass, and cloves (0.25%), and that of sage (0.75%), inhibited bacterial growth in vitro. The EO of salvia showed the best results in vivo, inhibiting the growth of the disease in concentrations of 0.50 and 0.75%, so it was selected for the preventive and curative control tests alone. The preventive treatment was not efficient for the management of soft rot in lettuce, however, from the regression analysis, a concentration of 0.64% of the salvia EO was found as a potential for curative control of this bacteriosis, as it reduces the incidence and severity of the disease. Linalyl acetate and linalool were found in higher concentrations in the chromatographic analysis. These components, probably, conferred the bactericidal capacity of the EO of sage, being potential for the use in the control of P. aroidearum in lettuce.
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Ramos, Elizabeth Teixeira de Almeida, Fábio Lopes Olivares, Letícia Oliveira da Rocha, Rogério Freire da Silva, Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo, Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes, Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadelha Meneses, Marcia Soares Vidal und José Ivo Baldani. „The Effects of Gluconacin on Bacterial Tomato Pathogens and Protection against Xanthomonas perforans, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Spot Disease“. Plants 12, Nr. 18 (08.09.2023): 3208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183208.
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As agricultural practices become more sustainable, adopting more sustainable practices will become even more relevant. Searching for alternatives to chemical compounds has been the focus of numerous studies, and bacteriocins are tools with intrinsic biotechnological potential for controlling plant diseases. We continued to explore the biotechnological activity of the bacteriocin Gluconacin from Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, PAL5 strain, by investigating this protein’s antagonism against important tomato phytopathogens and demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing bacterial spots caused by Xanthomonas perforans. In addition to this pathogen, the bacteriocin Gluconacin demonstrated bactericidal activity in vitro against Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, agents that cause bacterial wilt and bacterial spots, respectively. Bacterial spot control tests showed that Gluconacin reduced disease severity by more than 66%, highlighting the biotechnological value of this peptide in ecologically correct formulations.
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Михеев, Ю. Г., В. И. Леунов, И. А. Ванюшкина, А. С. Корнилов, Н. А. Лапина und Н. А. Синиченко. „Breeding a new original material of vegetable crops with valuable economic signs for conditions Primorsky Territory“. Kartofel` i ovoshi, Nr. 7() (07.07.2020): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2020.97.18.005.
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Приведены результаты селекционной работы Приморской ООС – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО за период 2017–2019 годов по изучению сортообразцов разного эколого-географического происхождения с целью выявления образцов с хозяйственно ценными признаками для получения исходного материала и создания высокопродуктивных сортов и гибридов в условиях муссонного климата Приморского края. В результате были изучены коллекции по тринадцати овощным и цветочным культурам и выявлены образцы с ценными хозяйственно-биологическими признаками у овощных культур и астры однолетней для условий Приморского края. Сформированы тринадцать генетических коллекций экономически значимых овощных культур и астры однолетней по признакам, определяющим хозяйственную ценность генофонда в условиях муссонного климата Приморского края. Наиболее важными признаками среди овощных культур были следующие: устойчивость к грибным и бактериальным заболеваниям, повышенные продуктивные и качественные свойства, устойчивость к церкоспорозу и отсутствию кольцеватости мякоти (свекла столовая), повышенное содержание каротина (морковь столовая), лежкость при зимнем хранении (95,0%), вкусовые качества, устойчивость к бактериальным гнилям и завязываемость луковицы в условиях короткого дня (лук репчатый), устойчивость к антракнозу и урожайность товарной лопатки (фасоль обыкновенная), урожайность зерна и устойчивость к растрескиванию бобов (фасоль угловатая), устойчивость к переноспорозу и бактериозу и дружность отдачи раннего урожая (огурец), содержание сахаров и кустовая форма (тыква крупноплодная), устойчивость к слизистому бактериозу и плотность кочана (капуста белокочанная), устойчивость к болезням (томат), урожайность (баклажан и перец); у астры однолетней выделены признаки – устойчивость к полеганию, компактность куста, раннее и позднее цветение, устойчивость к грибным и бактериальным заболеваниям. The results of breeding Federal scientific center for vegetable growing (PVES – branch of FSBSI FSCVG) for the period of 2017–2019 years. at the study of the genotypes of different eco-geographical origin to identify samples with economically valuable traits to obtain the source material and the creation of highly productive varieties and hybrids in conditions of monsoonal climate of Primorye. As a result, collections of thirteen vegetable and flower crops were studied and samples with valuable economic and biological characteristics were identified in vegetable crops and annual Aster for the conditions of the Primorsky territory. Thirteen genetic collections of economically significant vegetable crops and annual asters were formed based on the characteristics that determine the economic value of the gene pool in the monsoon climate of the Primorsky territory. The most important features among vegetable crops were the following: resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases, increased productive and qualitative properties, resistance to cercosporosis and the absence of ringiness of the pulp (table beet), increased carotene content (table carrot), winter storage (95,0%), taste, resistance to bacterial rot and the ability to set the bulb in a short day (onion), resistance to Anthracnose and productivity of the commercial blade (common bean), grain yield and resistance to cracking beans (beans, angular), resistance to perenospora and bacteriosis, and the simultaneous impact of early harvest (cucumber), sugar contents and sectional shape (a pumpkin large-fruited), resistance to the mucous bacteriosis and density of cabbage (white cabbage), disease resistance (tomato), yield (eggplant and pepper); asters annuals selected characteristics – lodging resistance, compact Bush, early and late flowering, resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases.
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Al-Hammam, Muhammad Yaafi’, Muhammad Prima Putra, Achmad Hanif Mardinsyah, Geta Cahyati und Indun Dewi Puspita. „The antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus sp. GMP1 and Weisella sp. GMP12 against some foodborne disease causing-bacteria“. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 26, Nr. 2 (04.07.2023): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v26i2.44618.
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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been reported to have inhibitory activity against foodborne causative bacteria, some of which are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The aim of this study was to isolate halotolerant lactic acid bacteria (HLAB) from fermented fish products, namely pakasam and wadi, and to determine their potential to inhibit the growth of contaminant bacteria and biogenic amine-producing bacteria. Isolation of HLAB was performed using De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar (MRSA) supplemented with 1% CaCO3 and 7% NaCl. Colonies that grew and showed clear zones continued to undergo halotolerant growth tests in MRS broth with several NaCl concentrations. Two selected isolates were identified as lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus sp. GMP1 and Weisella sp. GMP12. The isolation of antibacterial compounds targeting bacteriocin was carried out by fermentation in MRSB media at 37°C for 24 h, followed by separation of the supernatant and isolation of the antibacterial compounds by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and dialysis. Antibacterial activity tests showed that bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus sp. GMP1 and Weisella sp. GMP12 is able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6,538 with bacteriocin activity of 5,868.19 AU and 3,693.60 AU, respectively. Bacteriocins can also inhibit Salmonella spp.. 230C with bacteriocin activity respectively is 1,696.39 AU and 2,254.17 AU, respectively, whereas only Weisella sp. GMP12 inhibits Klebsiella sp. CK2 with bacteriocin activity is 3,165.51 AU. These results indicate that Lactobacillus sp. GMP1 and Weisella sp. GMP12 has the potential to be used as a starter culture in fermented products.
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Alabugina, M. L., A. S. Korobeinikov und L. F. Ashmarina. „Features of development and prevalence of diseases on soybean in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia“. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 53, Nr. 12 (27.12.2023): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2023-12-7.
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In recent years, there has been a significant deterioration of phytosanitary situation in plantings of many agricultural crops, including fodder crops. One of the valuable forage crops is soybean, which is becoming increasingly widespread outside its natural climatic zone. Under the conditions of Western Siberia, soybean crops are almost annually affected by a complex of diseases that significantly reduce the yield and quality of the seed material, which requires a comprehensive approach to ensure a minimum infectious background in crops. The development of epiphytotics on crops follows a certain dependence. The peak incidence of fungal infections is associated with increased temperature and humidity. Bacterial infections have a greater tolerance to low temperatures and may develop during the final phase of soybean vegetation. We investigated the correlation between the incidence rates of fungal and bacterial diseases of soybean and weather and climatic conditions of all the years of research. The research was conducted in 2016–2022 in the Novosibirsk region. The choice of the years of research is due to the formation of established populations of soybean phytopathogens that cause annual epiphytotics. SibNIIK 315 soybean variety was used as a sample for the study of the disease incidence in soybean crops. Based on long-term studies, this variety is the most affected of all the varieties. The leaf-stalk infections such as false mildew and pustular bacteriosis were considered as countable diseases. The use of correlation analysis to establish the degree of interrelation between the main indicators of soybean crop infestation and weather and climatic conditions of the growing season allowed to reveal a certain relationship – mainly due to the fact that fungal infections in all the years of research were manifested by the type of the epiphytotics. However, this method is not well suited for low prevalence diseases and diseases with short-term outbreaks.
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Alimbekova, M. E., M. N. Julanov, K. U. Koibagarov, S. T. Ernazarova, L. S. Aubekerova, N. M. Julanova, S. B. Alimgazina, S. Khizat, O. Stephanik und O. Tagayev. „PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PATHOLOGY AND HELICOBACTERIOSIS IN HORSES“. HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY : Veterinary sciences, Nr. 2(002) (13.06.2023): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatuvc.2023.2(002).1427.
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This article presents information on the prevalence of helicobacteriosis in horses of different age groups. It has been found that gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pathology is widely prevalent in horses, ranging from 50% to 80%. The main conditions among GIT pathologies in horses are gastrophylosis, erosions, ulcers, and helicobacteriosis. Helico-bacteriosis is registered in 66.7% to 100% of the investigated adult population and in 20% to 66.7% of the young horses. Stomach examinations using endoscopy and video gastroscopy provide a clear picture of the mucous membrane's condition in different parts of the stomach and allow for the collection of biomaterials for additional research. The percentage of animals affected by helicobacteriosis increases with age. Animals suf-fering from helicobacteriosis experience significantly reduced productivity, delayed growth and development in young horses, leading to premature culling. It is incorrect to only test suspicious animals with indications for helicobacteriosis, as not all carriers of Helicobacter pylori show symptoms of the disease. The use of the drug Domosedan at a dose of 0.5 μg per kilogram of body weight, or Combistress at a rate of 0.5 cm3 per 100 kg of body weight, effectively calmed the an-imals, fully relaxed the GIT, and facilitated successful endoscopy and video gastroscopy examinations.
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Costa, Arthur Roberto da, Roberta Torres Chideroli, Larissa Melo Chicoski, Diego Candido de Abreu, Leonardo Mantovani Favero, Natália Amoroso Ferrari, Raffaella Menegheti Mainardi, Vanessa Gomes da Silva und Ulisses Padua Pereira. „Frequency of pathogens in routine bacteriological diagnosis in fish and their antimicrobial resistance“. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, Nr. 6 (12.08.2021): 3259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3259.
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Aquaculture is one of the sectors of animal husbandry with the fastest growth rate. However, the increase in the sector’s production chain without proper management can result in factors that favor the development of diseases, especially infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Many factors, such as agriculture or industry resides, improper use of antibiotics in animals or humans, have contributed to increased environmental pressure and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while residues from these drugs can remain in the carcasses and in water a risk to public and environmental health. From that, we identified the bacterial genus/species and their bacterial resistance to antibiotics from samples received from fish disease outbreaks for bacteriosis diagnosis between January 2017 and October 2020. Isolated bacteria were subjected to the Kirby and Bauer sensitivity test for five classes of antibiotics (penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, and tetracyclines). Of the 181 analyzed outbreaks, 232 bacteria were isolated, including Streptococcus spp., Aeromonas spp., Edwardsiella spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chromobacterium violaceum, Flavobacterium spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Vibrio spp., Enterobacter spp., Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. Of the 232 bacteria, 40 strains were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR), with Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas spp., and Edwardsiella spp. representing more than half of this number (22/total). With several bacteria demonstrating resistance to Brazilian aquaculture-legalized drugs (tetracycline and florfenicol), it is mandatory to research, not only for alternatives to the use of antibiotics, but also for other drugs effective against the main circulating bacterial pathogens. In addition, vigilance over the occurrence of resistant bacteria is necessary, considering the appearance of zoonotic bacteria with multi-resistant characteristics, becoming a public health concern.
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Lee, Sangmi. „Bacteriocins of Listeria monocytogenes and Their Potential as a Virulence Factor“. Toxins 12, Nr. 2 (05.02.2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12020103.
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Intestinal microbiota exerts protective effects against the infection of various bacterial pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, a major foodborne pathogen whose infection can lead to a disease (listeriosis) with a high fatality rate. As a strategy to mitigate the action of the intestinal microbiota, pathogens often produce antimicrobial proteinaceous compounds such as bacteriocins. In this review, we summarize the information currently available for the well-characterized L. monocytogenes bacteriocin listeriolysin S, with the emphasis on its intriguing mode of action as a virulence factor, which promotes the infection of L. monocytogenes by changing the composition of the intestinal microbiota. We then discuss another intriguing L. monocytogenes bacteriocin Lmo2776 that specifically inhibits the inflammogenic species, Prevotella copri, in the intestinal microbiota, reducing superfluous inflammation while weakening virulence. In addition, we describe relatively less studied phage tail-like Listeria bacteriocins (monocins) and elaborate on the possibility that these monocins could be involved in enhancing pathogenicity. In spite of the burgeoning interest in the roles played by the intestinal microbiota against the L. monocytogenes infection, our understanding on the virulence factors affecting the intestinal microbiota is still lacking, calling for further studies on bacteriocins that could function as novel virulence factors.
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Gu, Qing, Jiaqian Yan, Yeqing Lou, Zihao Zhang, Yonglu Li, Zichun Zhu, Manman Liu et al. „Bacteriocins: Curial guardians of gastrointestinal tract“. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13292.
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AbstractThe human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome secretes various metabolites that play pivotal roles in maintaining host physiological balance and influencing disease progression. Among these metabolites, bacteriocins—small, heat‐stable peptides synthesized by ribosomes—are notably prevalent in the GI region. Their multifaceted benefits have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. This review comprehensively explores the methods for mining bacteriocins (traditional separation and purification, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence), their effects on the stomach and intestines, and their complex bioactive mechanisms. These mechanisms include flora regulation, biological barrier restoration, and intervention in epithelial cell pathways. By detailing each well‐documented bacteriocin, we reveal the diverse ways in which bacteriocins interact with the GI environment. Moreover, the future research direction is prospected. By further studying the function and interaction of intestinal bacteriocins, we can discover new pharmacological targets and develop drugs targeting intestinal bacteriocins to regulate and improve human health. It provides innovative ideas and infinite possibilities for further exploration, development, and utilization of bacteriocins. The inevitable fact is that the continuously exploration of bacteriocins is sure to bring the promising future for demic GI health understanding and interference strategy.
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Imran, Sabiha, Twinkle Gupta, Aarti Arora und Nilanjan Das. „A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROFILE HAVING BROAD SPECTRUM BACTERIOCINS AGAINST ANTIBIOTICS“. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, Nr. 9 (01.09.2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i9.19447.
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Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by microbes owned by different eubacterial taxonomic branches. Most of them are small cationic membrane-active compounds that form pores in the targeted cells, disrupting membrane possibilities, and triggering cell fatality. The availability of small cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity is a protection strategy found not only in bacteria but also in plants and animals. The antibiotics which have extensive applications in the treatment of various bacterial diseases have developed alarming resistance against them in many pathogens due to improper use besides this antibiotics have adverse side effects also. There are an extensive variety of bacteriocins made by different bacterial genera have promising alternative to antibiotics that needs to be further studied to show the no existence of undesirable effects, which must be performed both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Most of the bacteriocin have narrow spectrum of their activity and effective only on the related species. There is an urgent need for the identification of broad-spectrum bacteriocins isolated from the species from different habitats that can be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. In this review, we focus on the main physical and chemical characteristics of broad-spectrum bacteriocin and discuss their application as an alternative option to antibiotics.
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Oliveira, Taciana Freire de, Taís Mayumi Kuniyoshi, Elionio Galvão Frota, Sebastián Bermúdez-Puga, Letícia Naomy Sakaue, Luara Lucena Cassiano, Leonardo Tachibana, Rosane Aparecida Moniz Piccoli, Attilio Converti und Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira. „Anti-Listerial Activity of Bacteriocin-like Inhibitory Substance Produced by Enterococcus lactis LBM BT2 Using Alternative Medium with Sugarcane Molasses“. Antibiotics 13, Nr. 3 (23.02.2024): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13030210.
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Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that contaminates food-processing environments and persists within biofilms on equipment, thus reaching final products by cross-contamination. With the growing demand for clean-label products, the search for natural antimicrobials as biopreservants, such as bacteriocins, has shown promising potential. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-listerial action of bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus lactis LBM BT2 in an alternative medium containing sugarcane molasses (SCM). Molecular analyses were carried out to characterize the strain, including the presence of bacteriocin-related genes. In the kinetic study on SCM medium E. lactis, LBM BT2 showed biomass and bacteriocin productions similar to those observed on a sucrose-based medium (control), highlighting the potential of the sugarcane molasses as a low-cost substrate. Stability tests revealed that the molecule remained active in wide ranges of pH (4–10) and temperature (60–100 °C). Furthermore, the proteolytic treatment reduced the biomolecule’s antimicrobial activity, highlighting its proteinaceous nature. After primary purification by salting out and tangential flow filtration, the bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) showed bacteriostatic activity on suspended L. monocytogenes cells and against biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. These results demonstrate the potential of the produced BLIS as a biopreservative in the food industry.
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Kotsyumbas, I. Ya, und T. I. Stetsko. „BACTERIAL INTESTINAL INFECTIONS OF YOUNG CATTLE“. Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 22, Nr. 2 (07.10.2021): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2021-22-2.22.
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Gastrointestinal infections of bacterial etiology occupy one of the main places in the pathology of young cattle. The article presents a literature review on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis of major bacterial intestinal infections in young cattle.
The body of animals is constantly affected by a set of causes, which, due to violations of the technology of maintenance, care and feeding, playing the role of stress factors, leading to reduced nonspecific resistance, increased reactivity and bacteriosis in animals associated with gastrointestinal lesions. Up to 75 % of diseases of the digestive tract of young cattle are more likely to occur as associated infections caused by both viruses and bacteria. Viruses, multiplying in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, cause dystrophy, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells, what promotes the colonization and penetration into the blood of pathogenic bacteria or their metabolites and the development of severe pathological processes.
Bacterial agents that cause diarrhea or complicate viral infections include pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium, Citrobacter, Enterococci, Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and others. A special role in the occurrence of diseases of the digestive tract in young cattle is played by opportunistic pathogens, which include bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
The main intestinal infections of bacterial etiology of young cattle are colibacillosis, salmonellosis, anaerobic enterotoxemia of calves and campylobacteriosis. Calf colibacillosis is an acute infectious disease caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, which is characterized by profuse diarrhea, septicemia, intoxication, dehydration and significant animal death. The causative agents of salmonellosis are bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae Salmonella dublin, S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium. Calves suffer from salmonellosis from the first days of life and up to 6 months of age, with a characteristic acute fever and diarrheal symptom complex. Anaerobic enterotoxemia of calves is an acute toxic-infectious disease of mainly newborn young, caused by the obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens, characterized by hemorrhagic-necrotic inflammation of the intestine, diarrhea and intoxication of the body. Campylobacter jejuni can cause diarrhea in calves. Campylobacteriosis with symptoms of enteritis mainly affects dairy calves, although C. jejuni can also cause enteritis in ruminant calves.
Other bacteria that can cause enteritis in calves are Bacteroides fragilis, Chlamydophila psittaci, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and others.
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Skoreiko, A., und T. Andriychuk. „Spread of dangerous walnut diseases in plantations of different ages in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine“. Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Phytosanitary safety, Nr. 69 (14.03.2024): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2023.69.204-213.
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Goal. To investigate the development of the phytopathogenic complex of walnut in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The research was carried out during 2021—2022 in the agrocenosis of the walnut garden of the Ukrainian Research Plant Quarantine Station of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences. For a detailed account of the disease, twenty trees were examined from four sides of the crown and 25 accounting organs (leaves, shoots, fruits) were analyzed and the intensity of their damage was determined according to the scale. Diagnosis of diseases was carried out by selecting affected tissues and placing them in a moist chamber for three days for subsequent identification of the type of pathogen by microscopy and determination of systematically important morphological features of the fungus. Isolation of fungi from living plants was carried out by transferring mycelia or spores from their surface to a new environment.
Results. A laboratory study of plant material with various symptoms of damage showed the dominance of phytopathogenic fungi: brown spotting Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn., white spotting Microstroma juglandis Sacc. and bacteriosis Xanthomonas juglandis Sacc. When surveying old tree plantations (more than 40 years old), the frequency of brown spotting of walnut Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. accounted for 68.7%, bacterial burn (Xanthomonas juglandis Sacc.) — 31.3%. In stands of 6-year-old trees, the frequency of brown spotting Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. was 72.5% and bacterial burn Xanthomonas juglandis Sacc. — 27.5%. When inspecting the plantations in the nursery (trees 2—3 years old), the frequency of brown spotting of the walnut Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. accounted for 80.3% of bacterial burn Xanthomonas juglandis Sacc. — 12.1%, white spot Microstroma juglandis Sacc. — 7.6%.
Conclusions. During the examination of walnut plantations (in trees of different ages), it was found that the high incidence of diseases, in particular, brown spotting Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. was noted in nurseries, where on the day of the last record on susceptible forms of culture, damage by brown spot was 100.0%, while the development of the disease was 47.7%.
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Izquierdo, Esther, Audrey Bednarczyk, Christine Schaeffer, Yimin Cai, Eric Marchioni, Alain Van Dorsselaer und Saïd Ennahar. „Production of Enterocins L50A, L50B, and IT, a New Enterocin, by Enterococcus faecium IT62, a Strain Isolated from Italian Ryegrass in Japan“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, Nr. 6 (07.04.2008): 1917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01409-07.
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ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecium IT62, isolated from ryegrass in Japan, was shown to produce three different bacteriocins, two of which had molecular masses and amino acid sequences that corresponded to those of enterocin L50A and enterocin L50B. These peptides existed, however, as chemically modified forms that were either N formylated or N formylated and oxidized at Met24. The third bacteriocin, named enterocin IT, had a molecular mass of 6,390 Da, was made up of 54 amino acids, and did not correspond to any known bacteriocin. However, enterocin IT was identical to the C-terminal part of the 16-amino-acid-longer bacteriocin 32 (T. Inoue, H. Tomita, and Y. Ike, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50:1202-1212, 2006). For the first time, the antimicrobial activity spectra for enterocins L50A and L50B were determined separately and included a wide range of gram-positive bacteria but also a few gram-negative strains that were weakly sensitive. Slight differences in the activities of enterocins L50A and L50B were observed, as gram-positive bacteria showed an overall higher level of sensitivity to L50A than to L50B, as opposed to gram-negative ones. Conversely, enterocin IT showed a very narrow antimicrobial spectrum that was limited to E. faecium strains, one strain of Bacillus subtilis, and one strain of Lactococcus lactis. This study showed that E. faecium IT62, a grass-borne strain, produces bacteriocins with very different activity features and structures that may be found in strains associated with food or those of clinical origin, which demonstrates that a particular enterocin structure may be widespread and not related to the producer's origin.
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Goychuk, Anatoliy F., Valentin F. Drozda, Marina V. Shvets und Ivanna Kulbanska. „Bacterial wetwood of silver birch (Betula pendula roth): symptomology, etiology and pathogenesis“. Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, Nr. 3 (01.09.2020): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0015.
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AbstractThe article is focused on microbiological and silvicultural properties of bacterial wetwood of silver birch (Betula pendula), also known as European white birch. During the active phase of the disease, bacterial wetwood (i.e. bacterial dropsy, vascular parenchymatous bacteriosis or flux slime) is characterised by crust and periderm bloating, necrotic wet stains and abundance of exudate. The disease is more likely to occur in older (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and less-dense (r = −0.29, p < 0.01) stands.The statistical model showed that the chance of bacterial wetwood increases with birch age by 0.36% per year. The stands with birch proportion of over 70% demonstrated 15.3% lower infection rate compared to the stands with lower birch presence. The stands with lower stocking demonstrated a higher proportion of infected tree distribution by 7.5% compared to the stands with higher birch representation. The most vulnerable were larger, older B. pendula trees with longitudinally fissured bark that grow on poorer soils and experience frequent water stress.Birch associations with Pteridium aquilinum and Vaccinium myrtillus were more susceptible to infection (31.6% and 44.3%, respectively), whereas associations with Brachypodium sylvaticum, Sphagnum palustre and Calluna vulgaris were at lower risk. Strong ecological and trophic association of bacterial wetwood was present between silver birch and Tremex spp., particularly Tremex fuscicornis. Mycobiota was represented by Rhizopus microsporus, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Penicillium purpurogenum and Acremonium strictum.Enterobacter, Xanthomonas, Pantoea and Bacillus spp. associated with bacterial wetwood of silver birch were isolated. Enterobacter nimipressuralis was found to be the primary causative agent through means of artificial infection, while other bacteria were found to be either weak pathogens or concomitant. E. nimipressuralis formed the largest number of colony-forming units (CFU) for bark and cambium (164 and 127 CFU, respectively) and was also found in a small amount as a vital obligate in the automicrobiota in healthy birch trees.
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Pilipova, Yu V., und E. M. Shaldyaeva. „MONITORING OF HARMFUL ORGANISMS AS THE BASIS OF PHYTOSANITARY OPTIMIZATION OF AGROECOSYSTEMS POTATOES“. Innovations and Food Safety, Nr. 1 (28.03.2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2019-23-1-42-50.
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The studies were conducted in the period from 1988 to 2017 in twelve potato farms of Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions and Altai. The list of economically significant harmful organisms in potato agroecosystems of forest-steppe of Western Siberia and their classification according to life strategies is given. In potato agroecosystems are dominated by K (Kr) - strategies: multi-year weeds, wireworms (click beetles), Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Phoma, scab, bacterial, Ditylenchus, viral diseases (72,2 %). Population with r (rK) -strategies: one-year weeds, Colorado potato beetle, late blight and early blight (27,8 %). It is shown, that seed tubers in farms are always infected with sclerotial form of the causative agent of Rhizoctonia, in some cases up to 80 %. The proportion of tubers bacteriosis is about 2 % (up to 20 %), stem nematode in some years reached 19,5 %. Tubers affected by late blight in the region, meet after years epiphitoties the development of the disease reaching 5,8 %. It is shown that the greatest period of survival in the soil is characterized by harmful organisms with K (Kr) life cycle strategy: 5-6 years or more for certain species. Оne-year weed plants are characterized mainly by r (rK) life cycle strategy, have high seed productivity and a wide ecological niche. It was found that the stock of seeds of weed plants in the arable horizon ranges from 8,6 to 22,5 million/ha with a predominance of Amaránthus retrofléxus and Panicum miliaceum. Multi-year weeds mainly with adaptations to (Kr) -strategists form a reserve of powerful underground vegetative mass. Species with r-strategy are more adapted to the development of ground-air environment, forming a significant number of zoospores, conidia, seeds, etc. In the developed system of monitoring and forecast of harmful organisms into account their adaptation to the development of the main factors in adapting to the soil, seed material, development of ground-air environment.
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Dawid, Suzanne, Aoife M. Roche und Jeffrey N. Weiser. „The blp Bacteriocins of Streptococcus pneumoniae Mediate Intraspecies Competition both In Vitro and In Vivo“. Infection and Immunity 75, Nr. 1 (30.10.2006): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01775-05.
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ABSTRACT The introduction of the conjugate seven-valent pneumococcal vaccine has led to the replacement of vaccine serotypes with nonvaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This observation implies that intraspecies competition between pneumococci occurs during nasopharyngeal colonization, allowing one strain or set of strains to predominate over others. We investigated the contribution of the blp locus, encoding putative bacteriocins and cognate immunity peptides, to intraspecies competition. We sequenced the relevant regions of the blp locus of a type 6A strain able to inhibit the growth of the type 4 strain, TIGR4, in vitro. Using deletional analysis, we confirmed that inhibitory activity is regulated by the function of the response regulator, BlpR, and requires the two putative bacteriocin genes blpM and blpN. Comparison of the TIGR4 BlpM and -N amino acid sequences demonstrated that only five amino acid differences were sufficient to target the heterologous strain. Analysis of a number of clinical isolates suggested that the BlpMN bacteriocins divide into two families. A mutant in the blpMN operon created in the clinically relevant type 19A background was deficient in both bacteriocin activity and immunity. This strain was unable to compete with both its parent strain and a serotype 4 isolate during cocolonization in the mouse nasopharynx, suggesting that the locus is functional in vivo and confirming its role in promoting intraspecies competition.