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Nia, S. P. S., U. Kulatunga, C. Udeaja und S. Valadi. „IMPLEMENTING GIS TO IMPROVE HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY IN NATURAL DISASTERS“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (06.03.2018): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-369-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Over the past decades, the number of natural disasters has been growing around the world. In addition to damaging communities and infrastructures, unexpected disasters also affect service providers such as hospitals and health centers. Markedly, hospital safety from disasters is a challenge in all countries. With disaster damage to health systems resulting in human tragedy, huge economic losses, devastating blows to developmental goals, and shaken social confidence. Ensuring that hospitals and health facilities are safe and secure from disasters depend on implementing an appropriate method to mitigate adverse impacts on hospitals during incidents. Thus, disaster management becomes even more significant, as the health sector has been particularly vulnerable to damages.<br> So, it is crucial to develop appropriate mitigation and adoption method for healthcare facilities, to withstand the natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. A comprehensive disaster plan is required to ensure a prompt disaster response and coordinated management of a multi causality incident. The aim of this research is to systemically and critically review the importance of hospitals in disaster events and this research attempts to reach a basic understanding to mitigate the risk of disasters in hospitals and improve the continuity of health services during or after disaster events. For this study, secondary information was retrieved from the literature review and document review on sudden-onset natural disasters in different parts of the world was collected. This study found some challenges and deliverables for disaster managers that could mitigate the risk of a natural disaster’s impact on a hospital. Accordingly, this research will evaluate the importance of disaster management for hospitals and the challenges that need to be considered during the disaster response.</p>
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Shrestha, Buddhi Raj. „An Assessment of Disaster Loss and Damage in Nepal“. Geographic Base 6 (27.10.2019): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tgb.v6i0.26166.
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A disaster is a natural or manmade hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or drastic change to the environment. Due to diverse geographical coverage, Nepal is prone to various geological and hydro-meteorological hazards. This paper tries to show the types of disaster, losses and damages induced by disaster and analyze the trend and geographical distribution of disaster in Nepal. This study is based on the secondary data sources. Disaste r events data were collected from NSET and other government research papers, library etc. 26,665 events were reported during a 45 year and 43,868 people were died, 2,828 people were missing by disaster. Fire, flood landslide, accident and thunderstorms are major disasters in terms of occurrences and Earthquake, flood, and landslide are the major disasters in terms of damages and losses. The trend of disaster events is gradually increasing from the 1971 to 2000 but after 2000 the trend of disaster is drastically increasing to 2016. Annually 593 disaster events have occurred in Nepal. The data of impacts caused by the disasters also reveal that the estimated annual economic loss is increasing with the increasing frequency of disasters. The number of natural disasters as well as the number of corresponding casualties, injured and affected people, and economic loss is steadily on the rise. Tarai and Hilly districts are highly vulnerable than Mountain districts and Hill and Tarai region are most affected than Mountain region due different disaster in Nepal. The Tarai and some central hill districts are most vulnerable in terms of disasters occurrences. Among the seven provinces, province no 3 recorded the highest number of human deaths and disasters occurrences.
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Pan, Jian Ping, Jin Hua Tian und Xiang Ping Liu. „Stability Analysis of Unstable Rock after Strong Earthquake“. Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.270.
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Body size of unstable rock and the impact scope of disasters are simply presented in Duba elementary school in Beichuan county, Sichuan, China. Based on the disaster’s nature, developmental history and characteristics of destruction, the law of disasters such as the movement mechanism, catastrophic failure modes, have been studied. The stability of post-earthquake unstable rock is analyzed and evaluated, and such the disaster prevention principles against unstable rock are advanced.
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Seddighi, Hamed, Sepideh Yousefzadeh, Mónica López López und Homeira Sajjadi. „Preparing children for climate-related disasters“. BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, Nr. 1 (Oktober 2020): e000833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000833.
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Climate-related disasters affect different dimensions of children’s health and well-being both directly and indirectly. Reducing children’s vulnerability and exposure to climate-related disasters is crucial to protect them against risks. Children as climate-change agents and future leaders at local, national and international level can obviously contribute to reduce vulnerabilities in families and communities and transfer knowledge to them. Moreover, children can advocate for climate change mitigation. In the long term, participation of children in the climate change mitigation programmes may lead to fewer disasters and, consequently, less risk to their health.As government policies have failed to fully address and respond to the drivers of climate-related disasters, disasters preparedness and education for children should be considered an essential activity to protect children from disaster’s risks.Main factors in shaping children’s behaviour and response to disaster are increasing the risk perception and knowledge of the children. When a child perceived likelihood, susceptibility and severity of a disaster (such as earthquake), then they would be able and willing to learn how to prepare for that.So far, disaster education programmes for children have mostly relied on offline school-based training. Different innovative approaches can be applied to continue education within online and digital formats including virtual reality, digital games and online platforms. However, an advocacy support by influential entities such as companies engaged in entertainment industry is required to raise the awareness of public and particularly the children about disaster preparedness.
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Ingrassia, Pier Luigi, Luca Ragazzoni, Marco Tengattini, Luca Carenzo und Francesco Della Corte. „Nationwide Program of Education for Undergraduates in the Field of Disaster Medicine: Development of a Core Curriculum Centered on Blended Learning and Simulation Tools“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, Nr. 5 (22.08.2014): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000831.
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AbstractIn recent years, effective models of disaster medicine curricula for medical schools have been established. However, only a small percentage of medical schools worldwide have considered at least basic disaster medicine teaching in their study program. In Italy, disaster medicine has not yet been included in the medical school curriculum. Perceiving the lack of a specific course on disaster medicine, the Segretariato Italiano Studenti in Medicina (SISM) contacted the Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale in Medicina di Emergenza e dei Disastri ed Informatica applicata alla didattica e alla pratica Medica (CRIMEDIM) with a proposal for a nationwide program in this field. Seven modules (introduction to disaster medicine, prehospital disaster management, definition of triage, characteristics of hospital disaster plans, treatment of the health consequences of different disasters, psychosocial care, and presentation of past disasters) were developed using an e-learning platform and a 12-hour classroom session which involved problem-based learning (PBL) activities, table-top exercises, and a computerized simulation (Table 1). The modules were designed as a framework for a disaster medicine curriculum for undergraduates and covered the three main disciplines (clinical and psychosocial, public health, and emergency and risk management) of the core of “Disaster Health” according to the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) international guidelines for disaster medicine education. From January 2011 through May 2013, 21 editions of the course were delivered to 21 different medical schools, and 524 students attended the course. The blended approach and the use of simulation tools were appreciated by all participants and successfully increased participants’ knowledge of disaster medicine and basic competencies in performing mass-casualty triage. This manuscript reports on the designing process and the initial outcomes with respect to learners' achievements and satisfaction of a 1-month educational course on the fundamentals of disaster medicine. This experience might represent a valid and innovative solution for a disaster medicine curriculum for medical students that is easily delivered by medical schools.Table 1List of Modules and TopicsModuleTopics1. Introduction to disaster medicine and public health during emergencies- Modern taxonomy of disaster and common disaster medicine definitions- Differences between disaster and emergency medicine- Principles of public health during disasters- Different phases of disaster management2. Prehospital disaster management- Mass-casualty disposition, treatment area, and transport issues- Disaster plans and command-and-control chain structure- Functional response roles3. Specific disaster medicine and triage procedures in the- Mass-casualty triage definitions and principlesmanagement of disasters- Different methodologies and protocols- Patient assessment, triage levels and tags4. Hospital disaster preparedness and response- Hospital disaster laws- Hospital preparedness plans for in-hospital and out-hospital disasters with an all-hazard approach- Medical management for a massive influx of casualties5. Health consequences of different disasters- Characteristics of different types of disasters- Health impact of natural and man-made disasters- Disaster-related injury after exposure to a different disasters with an all-hazard approach6. Psychosocial care- Techniques to deal with psychic reactions caused by exposure to disaster scenarios- Treatment approaches to acute and delayed critical incident stress reactions7. Presentation of past disasters and public health emergencies, andCase study:review of assistance experiences- Haiti earthquake- Cholera outbreaks in Haiti- National and international disaster response mechanismIngrassiaPL, RagazzoniL, TengattiniM, CarenzoL, Della CorteF. Nationwide program of education for undergraduates in the field of disaster medicine: development of a core curriculum centered on blended learning and simulation tools. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-8.
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Ferro, Giorgia. „Assessment of Major and Minor Events that Occurred in Italy during the Last Century Using a Disaster Severity Scale Score“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2005): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002776.
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AbstractIntroduction:Epidemiological research about disasters is difficult to perform. Most often, it must be completed retrospectively, since data collection may not be feasible or possible during the disaster.Now, there is a recognized need for a standard method to assess the severity of a disaster.Objectives:The aim of this paper is to assess the severity of the disasters that occurred in Italy during the 20th century, using a Disaster Severity Scale (DSS). Another goal is to find a standard method for the classification of previous disasters, test the feasibility and reliability of the use of the Disaster Severity Scale, and improvedisaster management and planning.Methods:Data were obtained from formal reports of the Civil Defence Unit (Italy) and were used to calculate the Disaster Severity Scale score. Disasters were classified into major and minor disasters, according tothe numbers of deaths and severity of the damage. The number of deaths was compared with the obtained Disaster Severity Scale score. A seasonal trend for different types of events was obtained to assess if there is a relationship between the type of event and the time of the year in which it occurred, as related to the weather conditions existing at that time.Results:There were enough data to calculate a Disaster Severity Scale score for 26 major events that caused death and economic damage, and occurred in Italy between 18 March 1944 and 11 November 1999, and for 82 minor events, that occurred between October 1982 and December 1999. There were some significant peaks varying from different types of events during particular seasons, but the cause for those with the highest incidence is not clear. Events related to natural hazards were the only type of event that reached the highest Disaster Severity Scale when considering the number of deaths, while no events associated with man-made hazards had a Disaster Severity Scale score >8.Conclusion:The Disaster Severity Scale score could be a reliable index for the assessment of events related to either natural or man-made disasters. Use of the Disaster Severity Scale allows researchers to classify previous hazards by scoring each disaster's severity. Further studies in other countries could be useful to further validate the Disaster Severity Scale.
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Al-Hunaishi, Weiam, Victor CW Hoe und Karuthan Chinna. „Factors associated with healthcare workers willingness to participate in disasters: a cross-sectional study in Sana’a, Yemen“. BMJ Open 9, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2019): e030547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030547.
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ObjectivesWillingness to participate in disasters is usually overlooked and not addressed in disaster preparedness training courses to ensure health service coverage. This will lead to issues during the disaster’s response. This study, therefore, aims to assess healthcare workers willingness to participate in biological and natural disasters, and to identify its associated factors.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 1093 healthcare workers. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression with significance level p<0.05. Ethical clearance and consent of the participants were duly obtained.SettingIn three public hospitals that provide tertiary-level healthcare in Sana’a City, Yemen.ParticipantsThere were 692 nurses and doctors (response rate 63.3%) completed the questionnaires.ResultsAlmost half of the participants 55.1% were nurses and 44.9% were doctors. The study found that self-efficacy was associated with willingness to participate in disaster response for any type of disasters (OR 1.319, 95% CI 1.197 to 1.453), natural disasters (OR 1.143, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.221) and influenza pandemic (OR 1.114, 95% CI 1.050 to 1.182). The results further show that willingness is associated with healthcare workers being young, male and having higher educational qualifications.ConclusionSelf-efficacy has been found to be an important factor associated with willingness. Improving self-efficacy through training in disaster preparedness may increase willingness of healthcare workers to participate in a disaster.
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Caldera, H. Jithamala, und S. C. Wirasinghe. „A universal severity classification for natural disasters“. Natural Hazards 111, Nr. 2 (30.11.2021): 1533–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05106-9.
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AbstractThe magnitude of a disaster’s severity cannot be easily assessed because there is no global method that provides real magnitudes of natural disaster severity levels. Therefore, a new universal severity classification scheme for natural disasters is developed and is supported by data. This universal system looks at the severity of disasters based on the most influential impact factor and gives a rating from zero to ten: Zero indicates no impact and ten is a worldwide devastation. This universal system is for all types of natural disasters, from lightning strikes to super-volcanic eruptions and everything in between, that occur anywhere in the world at any time. This novel universal severity classification system measures, describes, compares, rates, ranks, and categorizes impacts of disasters quantitatively and qualitatively. The severity index is useful to diverse stakeholder groups, including policy makers, governments, responders, and civilians, by providing clear definitions that help convey the severity levels or severity potential of a disaster. Therefore, this universal system is expected to avoid inconsistencies and to connect severity metrics to generate a clear perception of the degree of an emergency; the system is also expected to improve mutual communication among stakeholder groups. Consequently, the proposed universal system will generate a common communication platform and improve understanding of disaster risk, which aligns with the priority of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. This research was completed prior to COVID-19, but the pandemic is briefly addressed in the discussion section.
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Киреев, V. Kireev, Гуменюк, V. Gumenyuk, Карнюшкин, A. Karnyushkin, Кармишин, A. Karmishin, Резничек und V. Reznichek. „General Integrated Representations оf Technogenic Accidents Danger Indicators“. Safety in Technosphere 2, Nr. 6 (25.12.2013): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2161.
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The questions of justification of total and integral spatial-temporal hazard indices related to industrial disasters are
considered from the perspective of qualimetry. The problem definition about casual time of destruction effects occurrence
on all square of disaster striking action is formulated. General integral solution of formulated task is given. It is shown,
that general integral expressions related to total and integral spatial-temporal hazard indices of industrial disaster follow
from this solution. Particular cases of disaster’s spatial-temporal indices are considered. For the first time the disaster’s
integral temporal indices such as reduced time of injury effect occurrence and reduced time of retention of injury effect are
proved. Practically relevant tasks, which have to be solved with the use of proved hazard indices of industrial disasters, are
formulated so that the hazard can be reduced to the allowed (psychologically acceptable) level.
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Basaria, Areeba A. A., Areeba Ahsan, Abdullah Nadeem, Rabeea Tariq und Nahid Raufi. „Infectious diseases following hydrometeorological disasters: current scenario, prevention, and control measures“. Annals of Medicine & Surgery 85, Nr. 8 (07.07.2023): 3778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000001056.
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Natural disasters are catastrophic occurrences that can seriously harm infrastructure, inflict property damage, and even result in fatalities. Water supply and sanitation systems can be disrupted in flooded areas, raising the risk of infectious diseases. It is advised that public health responders do a disease risk assessment of such a catastrophic event to ascertain the disaster’s consequences and the health requirements. This editorial provides an overview of the transmission of infectious illnesses after hydrometeorological disasters. It also discusses the effects of such catastrophes on individuals’ psychological and physical health who live in disaster-prone locations.
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Matthewman, Steve. „Mobile Disasters“. Transfers 7, Nr. 3 (01.12.2017): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2017.070303.
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Sociologists of disasters and those agencies dedicated to disaster risk reduction and emergency relief tend to fix disasters, to confine them in time and space. This article argues for the necessity of a mobilities turn within mainstream disaster studies, demonstrating what the new mobilities paradigm (NMP) can contribute to disaster scholarship. Disasters should be seen as mobile agents with spatially and temporally dispersed effects. They are mobile because people, nonhuman life-forms, information, and commodities move. The ecosystems and earth systems that sustain us are also always in flux. Instead of focusing on isolated disaster cases, this article calls for a “big picture” ecological sensibility that recognizes the complexity and interconnectivity of our world, and addresses the new forms of mobility, temporality, spatiality, and potency inherent to today’s disasters. This task is urgent: while previous eras may have announced the apocalypse, ours may well be the last one to do so.
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Qi, Hong Liang, Wei Ping Tian und Jia Chun Li. „Evaluation of Regional Anti-Disaster Ability of Highway Natural Disasters“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (Dezember 2012): 1598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1598.
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In order to evaluate the regional anti-disaster ability of highway natural disasters, this paper analyzes affections of regional social economic, regional highway natural disasters management, and regional highway natural overview. We establish an evaluation system of regional anti-disaster ability of highway natural disasters based on our main indexes, which include the investment percentage of region GDP on regional disaster prevention, regional highway disaster management, and the quantity of disasters in per kilometer. Integrated score is used as the method for evaluating regional anti-disaster ability. Grading and scoring methods for the evaluation indexes are put forward. Based on the method, evaluation model and grading methods for regional anti-disaster ability of highway natural disasters are resolved.
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Tin, Derrick, Ryan Hata und Gregory Ciottone. „Stadium Disasters“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 38, S1 (Mai 2023): s82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23002364.
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Introduction:Stadiums are an important part of the entertainment and sporting cultures of communities around the world, but the combination of outdated infrastructure with poor safety planning, large numbers of people gathering within a confined space, and the high frequency of such events have led to a number of significant disasters in the past.This is a descriptive analysis of stadium disasters occurring between 1901-2021 which may provide useful insight for event safety personnel and disaster medicine specialists to better prevent and mitigate the effects of potential future stadium disasters.Method:Data was collected using a retrospective database search of the Emergency Events Database (EM-DATS) for all stadium-related accidental disasters occurring between January 1, 1901-July 30, 2022. A disaster is defined by CRED in its glossary as “technological accidents of an industrial nature, or involving industrial buildings”. All categories and definitions are predetermined by the EM-DATS as per their glossary.Results:The May 24, 1964 Estadio Nacional disaster in Lima, Peru was the worst (in terms of deaths) to date with 350 deaths. This is followed by the 1982 Luzhniki Stadium disaster in Moscow, Russia (340 deaths), the 2001 Accra Sport Stadium disaster in Ghana (123 deaths), and the 1985 Hillsborough Stadium disaster in Sheffield, England (96 deaths) as well as 14 of the 40 stadium disasters occurred in Africa, 11 in Europe, 10 in the Americas, and five in Asia.Conclusion:A total of 40 stadium disasters were included, leading to 2,025 deaths and 6,640 injuries. This equated to an average of 50.6 deaths and 166.0 injuries per disaster. Given the potential risk of mass casualty events, stadiums should incorporate disaster medicine education, training, and expertise in their emergency medical plans.
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Kim, Hyojeong. „Developing Complex Disaster Response Scenarios Using Social Network Analysis“. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 24, Nr. 2 (30.04.2024): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2024.24.2.17.
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Given the escalating frequency and severity of complex disasters, it is imperative to transition from isolated disaster-specific systems to integrated disaster response frameworks. The development of complex disaster scenarios represents a crucial initial step, facilitating an in-depth comprehension of extant vulnerabilities and the forecasting of prospective challenges. This study reinterprets individual disasters that occurred within the same spatiotemporal domain as complex disasters. Complex spatiotemporal disaster clusters were explored, a social network analysis on individual disasters within these identified clusters was performed, and a regional disaster response scenario was proposed. This approach, which integrates spatiotemporal disaster big data with social network analysis, enables statistical measurement of inter-disaster relationships. Visual representations of these relationships through network graphs offer a quantitative lens to analyze relationships that may be difficult to describe narratively. Developing such scenarios facilitates a clear and swift understanding of the relational dynamics among disasters, particularly in situations where there is an inadequate policy and institutional framework for responding to complex disasters.
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Alfin, Aidil, und Ali Rahman. „PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK SIAGA BENCANA BERBASIS MASJID DI LERENG MARAPI NAGARI CANDUANG KABUPATEN AGAM SUMATERA BARAT“. Turast: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian 10, Nr. 1 (30.06.2022): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/turast.v10i1.4065.
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Indonesia is one of the countries that has the intensity of frequent natural disasters. Almost all areas experienced these natural disasters. According to the records of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) in 2017 alone, there were 884 natural disasters in Indonesia. Floods and landslides are the most common natural disasters compared to other disasters. One of the areas that are prone to disasters is Nagari Canduang Koto Laweh on the slopes of Mount Merapi, West Sumatra, the community is not yet aware of disasters, so assistance is needed for this community. Assistance is carried out with a mosque approach where the mosque is used as a centre for mitigation propaganda and KSB activities. The results of this assistance have given birth to a disaster preparedness village, where the community is starting to be disaster-savvy, disaster-responsive and resilient.
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Ruman, Rifyan, Willem Dominggus Nanlohy, Nurul Salsabila Hanafi, Farhani Amalia Patty, Junior Talaohu und Risky Ramadhan. „SOSIALISASI KEBENCANAAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DASAR SISWA TERHADAP MITIGASI BENCANA“. BAKIRA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5, Nr. 1 (09.06.2024): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/bakira.2024.5.1.19-24.
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Indonesia is a country that has a high level of vulnerability to natural disasters. Based on the disaster risk index, the Maluku Islands have a fairly high level of tsunami disaster potential. Small islands are often places that are vulnerable to tsunami disasters. Therefore, community preparedness on small islands is very important in facing this potential disaster. The aim of this outreach is to provide knowledge about disaster preparedness from an early age. This activity is a form of community service through outreach. The results of this outreach activity teach students to anticipate disasters, act when a disaster occurs, and handle disasters. Children are classified as vulnerable to disaster management efforts and therefore require special efforts to improve basic knowledge about disasters.
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Purnomo, Edi, Dewi Gayatri, Agus Setiawan und Achir Yani S. Hamid. „Perceptions On Nurses' Preparedness For Flooding Disasters: A Qualitative Study“. Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang 10, Nr. 1 (21.04.2024): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33490/jkm.v10i1.1267.
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Preparedness is a series of activities carried out to anticipate disasters through organization and through appropriate and effective measures with the expected result being a significant reduction in the risk and losses caused by disasters. This study aims to explore nurses' perceptions regarding readiness to respond to disasters, nurses' preparedness in facing disasters, the role of nurses in disasters, obstacles and support in providing disaster nursing services. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 nurses for focus group discussions and four nurses for in-depth interviews. Data were collected from January to February 2024 and analyzed using content analysis. Readiness to respond to disasters includes two subcategories: disaster experience and reasons to immediately respond to disasters. Health workers' preparedness in facing disasters consists of four subcategories: early warning, collaboration, resources, development of specific training. The role of health workers in disasters consists of two subcategories: preparedness stage and response stage. In addition, obstacles and support in providing disaster services consist of two subcategories: obstacles experienced and support needed in providing nursing services when a disaster occurs. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for developing disaster preparedness enhancement programs for nurses and other health professionals. The results of the study can also be used as important evidence to encourage disaster health service policies in an effort to reduce risks caused by disasters with the involvement of stakeholders.
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Kim, Hyunjung, Tai-Hoon Kim und Keumho Oh. „사회재난분야 특별재난지역 선포의 한계점 고찰 및 특별재난 선포의 제안“. Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 19, Nr. 1 (30.01.2023): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2023.19.1.27.
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This study considered the limitations of declaring special disaster areas of social disasters and proposed improvement measures for the disaster declaration. In this study, after the enactment of the Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety in 2004, the current status of the Declaration of Special Disaster Areas, and the limitations of the Declaration of Special Disaster Areas were analyzed in social disaster fields. In addition, it was intended to derive implications by investigating the status of overseas disaster declaration and related laws, focusing on the case of COVID-19. This study proposed Declaration of Special Disaster as a direction to improve the Declaration of Special Disaster Areas for social disasters. Furthermore, disaster recovery support when declaring a Special Disaster can be subdivided and prepared in accordance with the demand for safety services, such as administrative, legal, medical and complex types. And procedures, stages, periods, details and reasons for support, etc. related to the Declaration of Special Disasters in social disaster fields shall be publicly announced and operated objectively.
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Sobian, Azrina. „AN OVERVIEW OF THE PARTICIPATION OF COMMUNITY AND FAITH-BASED ORGANISATIONS (FBO) IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN MALAYSIA“. TAFHIM : IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World 9, Nr. 1 (03.11.2016): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.56389/tafhim.vol9no1.4.
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Malaysia has experienced various types of disasters in the last 50 years. Besides natural disasters such as floods (monsoonal and flash floods), landslides, mudslides, earthquakes (especially in Sabah) and tsunami, Malaysia has also experienced man-made disasters such as fires and explosions, vehicle accidents, haze including transboundary haze and others. In almost all episodes of the disasters, the government has played a major role, starting from the formulation of the policy on disasters, disaster preparedness, rescue and relief efforts, and redevelopment of the affected areas. It is vital for the public to participate in each cycle of disaster management (pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster). The absence of support and understanding of local community towards disaster risk and preparedness could ruin disaster management risk reduction efforts. In many instances, the role of local communities in Malaysia’s disaster preparedness is somewhat invisible. Thus, the community should be empowered to deal and prepare for disasters to ensure the overall effectiveness of disaster management in Malaysia. In Malaysia’s context, the strength of the faith-based organisations (FBO) should also be utilised in disaster preparedness efforts. This literature review or secondary source-based article examines the current situation in disaster preparedness among Malaysian communities and discusses the challenges that lie ahead in shaping the culture of preparedness in the communities. In conclusion, Malaysia community disaster preparedness needs to be improved. The communities (including FBO), directly or indirectly affected by disasters, should also be empowered to prepare for disaster.
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Sawalha, Ihab Hanna. „In search of the causes of disasters“. International Journal of Emergency Services 7, Nr. 2 (06.08.2018): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-08-2017-0046.
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Purpose The term “causes” of disasters is used interchangeably very often with other terms, such as “types” of disasters. Also, causes of disasters are usually explained in the literature in an individualistic fashion relating every single disaster with its own causes only. This limits the ability to identify the real causes of disasters. Second, it reduces the ability to create any kind of grouping for the causes of disasters. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss causes of disasters in a more categorical manner. Design/methodology/approach An extensive review of the existing literature has been made in order to identify, introduce and discuss theories related to the causes of disasters. Overall, the approach taken is based on theoretical reasoning informed by the literature. Findings Disasters, even those which seem to be composite and complex, are not mysterious incidents that cannot be explained or analyzed. Literally, almost all disasters can be diagnosed and the causes of disasters can be identified in a systematic and reasonable manner. Practical implications This study provides a better conceptualization and understanding of the causes of disasters. It is believed that this study will improve the decision-making process accompanied with the disaster risk reduction processes by understanding the exact causes of disasters. The study also clarifies the differences between the causes, sources and types of disasters which is extremely significant in disaster lifecycle modeling. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, very few attempts have been made in the literature to capture causes of disasters in a categorical and systematic manner. Almost all disaster occurrences have been discussed in the literature in an individualistic fashion relating every single disaster with its own causes only.
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Choi, Jun Kyu. „A Study on Community Policy for Community Restoration after Disaster“. Center for Civic Politics Research 4 (30.06.2022): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.54968/civicpol.2022.4.99.
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The severity of recent disasters is differentiated from previous ones in that the patterns of disasters appear widely. Although the concept of disasters is changing, most studies have focused on recovery of physical damage caused by disaster. This study intends to expand the scope of disaster response and suggest the necessity of community restoration through community policy.
Recent disasters tend to be complex disasters combined with various factors within society. In order to systematically respond to such disasters, it is necessary to respond by expanding the scope of the time and space of the disaster. The concept and characteristics of community can also be presented from various perspectives. This paper focuses on the fact that communities can be given new roles in disaster situations. Following the conceptual approach to disasters and communities, this study looked at community programs in the Sewol-Ferry disaster. Although the response to the Sewol-Ferry disaster has not been completed, this case has the meaning of drawing up the agenda of community restoration in a disaster situation.
In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for a more expanded approach to national disaster response. In order to achieve the policy goal of community restoration, disaster response needs to expand the scope of its time and space. In addition, the application method of the community program should also examine various approaches.
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Lee, Jee Young, und Shannon Van Zandt. „Housing Tenure and Social Vulnerability to Disasters: A Review of the Evidence“. Journal of Planning Literature 34, Nr. 2 (14.11.2018): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412218812080.
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As a group, renters experience a broader range of housing problems than do owners, and disasters worsen these problems. Yet to date, housing tenure has been relatively understudied compared to other vulnerability characteristics. This review addresses the differences in housing needs faced by renters and owners during and after a disaster. It examines variation between renters and owners, recent studies of a disaster’s impacts on each group by disaster phase, and disaster-related housing policies and programs. This research explores significant questions related to the housing needs of renters in times of disaster, yielding important insights for policy makers and local planners.
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Chizwina, Sabelo, und Patrick Ngulube. „Using a Multi-Methods Approach to Investigate Disaster Preparedness of Community Libraries in the North West Province of South Africa“. Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 42, Nr. 4 (01.12.2021): 207–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2021-0014.
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Abstract Disasters can occur anywhere, and no organisation is immune to disasters. Community libraries in South Africa have experienced disasters over the past years, ranging from natural disasters to human-made disasters. This research aims to investigate the disaster preparedness of community libraries in the North West Province of South Africa. A multi-methods approach that involved questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis was used. The study results revealed that although community libraries have experienced disasters, they considered them as once-off events. Consequently, disaster management was not part of the collection management policy. However, disaster management should be a key component of collection development, and it should be part and parcel of a collection management policy.
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Bobbitt, Michael. „Natural Disasters: Implications for Counselors and Counselor Educators“. Journal of Counseling Research and Practice 3, Nr. 1 (01.04.2018): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56702/uckx8598/jcrp0301.5.
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Natural disasters often strike with little to no warning and have devastating effects. The impact of natural disasters can include loss of property, loss of a job, or impairment of psychological functioning for survivors of natural disasters. Counselors are called to understand natural disasters, the impact of natural disasters, and interventions for working with natural disaster survivors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of natural disasters on clients, counseling practices for working with survivors of natural disaster, and the impact of natural disasters on counselors. Additionally, implications for counselors and counselor education are discussed.
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Bobbitt, Michael. „Natural Disasters: Implications for Counselors and Counselor Educators“. Journal of Counseling Research and Practice 3, Nr. 1 (01.04.2018): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56702/nrgw7571.
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Natural disasters often strike with little to no warning and have devastating effects. The impact of natural disasters can include loss of property, loss of a job, or impairment of psychological functioning for survivors of natural disasters. Counselors are called to understand natural disasters, the impact of natural disasters, and interventions for working with natural disaster survivors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of natural disasters on clients, counseling practices for working with survivors of natural disaster, and the impact of natural disasters on counselors. Additionally, implications for counselors and counselor education are discussed.
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Liao, Qi, Ge Yu, Wensheng Jiang, Chunxia Lu, Yan Ma, Kexiu Liu, Qun Lin und Yanping Wang. „Research on the Risk Assessment of Qingdao Marine Disaster Based on Flooding“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 2 (17.01.2019): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020468.
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The risk of marine disasters based on flooding is one of the most significant natural disasters in coastal zones. It can be said that flooding in coastal zones has typical sea–land characteristics. Yet, relatively little research has been done in this area. Thus, by using the characteristics of marine disaster risk based on flooding in Qingdao and combining marine science and land science methods, this paper constructs a targeted indicator system for the flooding risk from marine disasters from the perspectives of the disaster natural chain and flooding process. According to the results, the Integrated Risk Index of marine disasters based on flooding in Qingdao is 0.3694, which represents a medium risk level for natural disasters in China’s major coastal areas. The first- and third-level indicators with large contribution rates are almost all natural indicators. This indicates that the natural disaster process and disaster chain greatly affect the flooding disaster risk in Qingdao. However, although natural factors play large roles in the risk of disaster, preventive methods implemented by humans can still have a positive effect on disaster reduction. Therefore, human society should still proceed with understanding disasters from natural processes, change their passive response to active adaptation, and actively strengthen preventive measures to alleviate the adverse impacts of increasingly serious natural disasters.
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Aris, Ayub Pratama, Ninasafitri Ninasafitri, Masruroh Masruroh, Moch Rio Pambudi, Najmah Najmah und Erga Kurniawati. „Penyuluhan Budaya Siaga Bencana Siswa SDN 3 Kabila Bone“. Panrita Inovasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, Nr. 1 (07.06.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.56680/pijpm.v1i1.36547.
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Disasters in Indonesia can be detrimental every time they occur, Gorontalo, which is on the Pacific plate route, has the potential for disasters to occur, therefore it is necessary to be prepared for disasters, most victims of school-age children, the importance of disaster knowledge from an early age in order to reduce threats to children. among others (before, during, and after a disaster) conducted using the lecture method which is expected to provide an overview of disaster preparedness. from this counseling explains the culture of disaster preparedness where this explanation is carried out for six disasters that often occur in Indonesia. To reduce disaster risk, a culture of preparedness must be instilled from an early age on a regular basis so that disaster preparedness is a step to deal with disasters. disaster preparedness can be improved from a low level of knowledge to be better by implementing a daily disaster preparedness culture
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Kaya, Edip, und Hakan Altintas. „Willingness of Firefighting Program Students to Work in Disasters—Turkey“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, Nr. 1 (10.12.2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17007087.
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AbstractIntroductionFirefighting is an important profession during disasters. Firefighters are on duty for many vital functions, including fire extinguishing, search and rescue work, and evacuation of disaster victims to a safe zone. In case of a disaster situation, it is vital to have willing personnel to work in disasters. In the literature, type of disaster, individual demographic factors, family factors, and workplace factors have been identified as factors that influence health care personnel’s willingness to work during a disaster. However, little is known about firefighters and firefighter candidates’ willingness to work in a disaster.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study was aimed to identify the willingness of civil defense and firefighting program students to work in different disasters after graduation and the factors associated with their willingness.MethodsThe universe of this descriptive, epidemiological study was 1,116 students of civil defense and firefighting programs in Turkey. They were from 11 different universities. In the research study, a sample was not chosen as it was aimed at reaching the whole universe. A standardized survey form of 58 questions, prepared by researchers, was used to gather data.ResultsThe rate of participation was 65.5%. Of the students, 82.8% said that after graduation they would like to work in disasters, whereas 16.2% were indecisive. The students were less willing to work in nuclear accidents (42.4%) and epidemic disasters (32.1%). In chi-square analysis, “willingness of students to work in disasters after graduation” (dependent variable) and the independent variables: “university of student,” “exercising regularly,” “having a hobby related to disaster,” “having been educated about disaster,” and “being satisfied from the received education” were found statistically significant. When students’ willingness to work in disasters after graduation (ref=unwilling) was analyzed with multi-variate analysis, only “university of students” and “having a hobby related to disasters” were found statistically significant.ConclusionOverall, 16.2% of the students stated that they were indecisive to work in disasters in the future, and 1.0% of them stated that they did not want to work in disasters. Moreover, willingness of students to work in nuclear accident and contagious disease disasters has been found to be lower compared to other disaster types.KayaE, AltintasH. Willingness of firefighting program students to work in disasters—Turkey. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):13–22.
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Stephenson, Rob S., und Charles DuFrane. „Disasters and Development: Part I. Relationships between Disasters and Development“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, Nr. 2 (Juni 2002): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000273.
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AbstractThis module introduces a paradigm for understanding the disaster/ development interface. Specifically, the module asserts that disasters and development are linked closely in that disasters can both destroy development initiatives and create development opportunities, and that development schemes can both increase and decrease vulnerability. The module consists of four parts:Part One introduces these concepts and discusses how disasters can vary from one type of hazard to another, as well as from one type of economic condition to another.Part Two develops the paradigm in depth, and provides case examples to amplify the points made in the text.Part Three describes and discusses different methods and tools for analyzing decisions for potential investment of resources, and should enhance the reader's capacity to analyze the mitigational benefits of development alternatives in both the pre- and post-disaster context.Part Four conceptualizes the role of UN agencies, NGOs, and the affected communities in promoting development based on the concepts discussed in the module.This training module, Disasters and Development, initially was designed to introduce this aspect of disaster management to an audience of UN organization professionals who form disaster management teams, as well as to government counterpart agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and donors. The educational process has been designed to increase the audience's awareness of the nature and management of disasters, in order to lead to better performance in disaster preparedness and response.The content has been written by experts in the field of disaster management and in general follows the UNDP/UNDRO Disaster Management Manual and its principles, procedures, and terminology.
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Kim, Chu Hyun, und Eunseog Hong. „Disasters and the disaster medicine“. Journal of the Korean Medical Association 62, Nr. 5 (2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2019.62.5.247.
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Eom, Young Ho, Jae Young Lee und Younhee Kim. „An Exploratory Study on Resident Participation as a Performance of Disaster Management“. Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 18, Nr. 12 (31.12.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.12.1.
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This study aims to explore policy alternatives that consider various stakeholders and participants for disaster management from the perspective that disasters are socially embedded. In other words, the performance of disaster management can be defined by the voluntary participation of local residents, which is the process and result of disaster management, along with the existing discussions that have been understood as administrative management capabilities and output indicators. This is because voluntary and active participation of residents in disasters lead to the recovery and growth of the community. In this research, the influencing factors that make residents participate in disaster management were examined and different results from the existing administrative capabilities were derived. It was found that the direct damage experience of disasters, the perception of personal or regional risks to disasters, regional conflicts due to disasters, the rapidity of disaster information, and the political independence of disaster organizations were important to promote the voluntary and active participation in disaster management.
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Buamona, Agung Pratama, Abd Rachman Assegaf, Imam Syafi’i und Sugiantoro Sugiantoro. „Disaster mitigation learning integration model in social studies in middle school“. AL MA'ARIEF : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Budaya 5, Nr. 2 (03.08.2023): 62–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/almaarief.v5i2.5368.
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Disaster management strategies will work effectively if residents have the same understanding in disaster management. The Sidoarjo Regency area is an area that has the potential for natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and tornadoes. The purpose of this study is to increase students' knowledge, increase student awareness, develop disaster response skills. This type of research is case study research. In this study the researchers only attempted to collect simple information about disaster management in disaster preparedness schools through surveys, interviews and documentation. The integration of disaster mitigation in social sciences in junior high schools is very important to provide students with an understanding of the importance of reducing risks and losses due to disasters. The results of the study show that in general students have sufficient understanding of disasters, especially natural disasters. Students are noted to have a positive appreciation of the school. They also know that knowledge in understanding disaster is quite adequate as evidenced by the results of students' understanding related to disasters, including floods 80%, and tornadoes 75%, while other types of disasters are poorly understood (earthquakes 60%, and fires 50%). However, the existence of disaster mitigation education activities in schools is able to increase knowledge, disaster management skills and maximize self-potential, so that it has an impact on positive attitude changes in the form of increasing student awareness about disasters with an average score of 85%.
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Noprina, Winda, Jendriadi Jendriadi und Solah Amelia Putri. „Perception of Students on the Implementation of Indonesian Language Learning Model Based on Environment and Disaster Mitigation“. International Journal of Educational Dynamics 6, Nr. 2 (01.06.2024): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ijeds.v6i2.494.
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Indonesia is a disaster-prone region. Data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) shows that the number of disasters in Indonesia has continued to increase up to 2021. Therefore, comprehensive risk management of disaster threats is urgently needed to reduce losses due to disasters. One way to achieve this is by implementing an environment-based and disaster mitigation learning model in Indonesian language education. This simple study aims to examine students' perceptions of the implementation of an environment-based and disaster mitigation learning model in Indonesian language education. This research is quantitative using a descriptive method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire distributed to 47 students. About 74% of respondents had experienced a disaster and indicated low disaster preparedness when it occurred. The percentage of positive perceptions towards environment-based and disaster mitigation language learning was higher among students who had experienced disasters, at 88.5%. Although this is only a 3.5% difference from the positive perceptions of the 26% of students who had not experienced natural disasters, it shows that those who have experienced disasters and felt the direct impact of natural disasters consider the implementation of an environment-based and disaster mitigation Indonesian language learning model to be more important and necessary.
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Li, Shanshan, und Xiaoling Sun. „Application of public emotion feature extraction algorithm based on social media communication in public opinion analysis of natural disasters“. PeerJ Computer Science 9 (16.06.2023): e1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1417.
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Natural disasters are usually sudden and unpredictable, so it is too difficult to infer them. Reducing the impact of sudden natural disasters on the economy and society is a very effective method to control public opinion about disasters and reconstruct them after disasters through social media. Thus, we propose a public sentiment feature extraction method by social media transmission to realize the intelligent analysis of natural disaster public opinion. Firstly, we offer a public opinion analysis method based on emotional features, which uses feature extraction and Transformer technology to perceive the sentiment in public opinion samples. Then, the extracted features are used to identify the public emotions intelligently, and the collection of public emotions in natural disasters is realized. Finally, through the collected emotional information, the public’s demands and needs in natural disasters are obtained, and the natural disaster public opinion analysis system based on social media communication is realized. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm can identify the category of public opinion on natural disasters with an accuracy of 90.54%. In addition, our natural disaster public opinion analysis system can deconstruct the current situation of natural disasters from point to point and grasp the disaster situation in real-time.
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Jannel, Romaric, Laÿna Droz und Takahiro Fuke. „The human-made aspect of disasters. A philosophical perspective from Japan“. Filosofia : Revista da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Nr. 39 (2022): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21836892/fil39a7.
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What is a disaster? This paper explores the different hermeneutic levels that need to be taken into consideration when approaching this question through the case of Japan. Instead of a view of disasters as spatiotemporal events, we approach disasters from the perspective of the milieu. First, based on the Japanese «dictionaries of disasters», the Japanese vocabulary of disaster is described. Second, this paper reviews briefly the Japanese interdisciplinary disaster-management tradition. To highlight the human-made aspect of disasters, the idea of fūdo風土 is introduced. This concept allows us to see disasters as a phenomenon of the milieu, which emerges from the co-constitutive relations between individuals, communities, and the local environment. The final part debates the narratives by some national and international political actors that link «Japanese identity and culture» to disaster management and sometimes include nationalist claims rooted in the essentialization of the «Japanese exception». Given the cruciality of sociocultural and political representations of disasters tied to identity politics, and the increasing frequency and intensity of disasters, a long-term, local people-focused and culturally sensitive perspective on disasters might be better adapted to the climate change era.
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Milsten, Andrew. „Hospital Responses to Acute-Onset Disasters: A Review“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, Nr. 1 (März 2000): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00024900.
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AbstractIntroduction:Hospitals the world over have been involved in disasters, both internal and external. These two types of disasters are independent, but not mutually exclusive. Internal disasters are isolated to the hospital and occur more frequently than do external disasters. External disasters affect the community as well as the hospital. This paper first focuses on common problems encountered during acute-onset disasters, with regards to hospital operations and caring for victims. Specific injury patterns commonly seen during natural disasters are reviewed. Second, lessons learned from these common problems and their application to hospital disaster plans are reviewed.Methods:An extensive review of the available literature was conducted using the computerized databases Medline and Healthstar from 1977 through March 1999. Articles were selected if they contained information pertaining to a hospital response to a disaster situation or data on specific disaster injury patterns. Selected articles were read, abstracted, analyzed, and compiled.Results:Hospitals continually have difficulties and failures in several major areas of operation during a disaster. Common problem areas identified include communication and power failures, water shortage and contamination, physical damage, hazardous material exposure, unorganized evacuations, and resource allocation shortages.Conclusions::Lessons learned from past disaster-related operational failures are compiled and reviewed. The importance and types of disaster planning are reviewed.
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Hafida, Siti Hadiyati Nur. „Perubahan Kesiapan Masyarakat dalam Menghadapi Bencana Erupsi Gunung Berapi“. JUPIIS: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 11, Nr. 2 (03.12.2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v11i2.13955.
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Disasters are things that always happen in Indonesia. The number of disasters in Indonesia should be balanced with the level of community preparedness in the face of disasters. The level of community readiness in dealing with disasters can drive the change in the disaster paradigm in society. Communities often only respond to disaster events with rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts, however, these efforts still cannot afford to minimize disaster victims. This study used qualitative analysis by considering five variables of disaster preparedness, specifically: disaster knowledge, disaster policy, disaster preparedness plans, early warning systems and resource mobilization capabilities. This research was conducted using interview. The results showed that the community of Sidorejo Village had developed a disaster paradigm towards prevention by utilizing community radio infrastructure. The readiness of the community to deal with disasters followed using community radio infrastructure is able to encourage the people of Sidorejo Village to be better prepared and not easily panic during a disaster. Community-based infrastructure will be more effectively used to improve community preparedness because the community manages the infrastructure.
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Asrizal, Asrizal, Nur Hikmah, Dhea Febriya und Filda Mawaddah. „Impact of Science Learning Materials Integrating Natural Disasters and Disaster Mitigation on Students' Learning Outcomes: A Meta Analysis“. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, Nr. 9 (25.09.2023): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i9.2680.
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This research is a meta-analysis to determine the impact of science teaching materials integrated with natural disasters and disaster mitigation on students' learning outcomes. The method used is meta-analysis with research samples, namely scientific articles that have been published through Google Scholar on a national and international scale in 2012-2022, which discuss integrated science teaching materials on natural disasters and disaster mitigation on student learning outcomes. The results of the study showed that science teaching materials integrated with natural disasters and disaster mitigation had a large effect on student learning outcomes. In the category of teaching materials, the science module, which integrates natural disasters and disaster mitigation materials, has the highest effect. In the category where natural disaster materials and disaster mitigation are integrated, disaster mitigation materials have the highest effect compared to natural disaster materials. And in the school level category, the application of integrated science teaching materials on natural disasters and disaster mitigation has a high effect when applied to the Junior and Senior High School Levels, with a higher impact on the Junior High School level
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Cornelius, MD, MA, Angela Pettit, Douglas Mark Char, MD, Constance Doyle, MD, Samantha Noll, MD, Vivian Reyes, MD, Jennie Wang, DO, MPH und Sharon E. Mace, MD. „Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review of past disasters“. American Journal of Disaster Medicine 17, Nr. 2 (01.04.2022): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2022.0431.
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Objective: To review the literature on the effects seen after disaster on those with poor social determinants of health (SDOH) and individual social needs.Design: The Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) formed a work group to study healthcare disparities seen in disaster. This group was composed of six physicians on the committee, all of whom have extensive background in disaster medicine and the chair of the committee. A systematic literature review regarding past disasters and all the healthcare disparities seen was undertaken with the goal of organizing this information in one broad concise document looking at multiple disasters over history. The group reviewed multiple documents regarding SDOH and individual social needs for a complete understanding of these factors. Then, a topic list of healthcare disparities resulting from these factors was composed. This list was then filled out with subtopics falling under the header topics. Each member of the workgroup took one of these topics of healthcare disparity seen in disasters and completed a literature search. The databases reviewed include PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Medline. The terms queried were disaster, healthcare disparities, disaster healthcare disparities, healthcare disparities associated with disasters, SDOH and disaster, special populations and disaster effects, and vulnerable populations and disaster effects. Each author chose articles they felt were most representative and demonstrative of the healthcare disparities seen in past disasters. These social determinant factors and individual social needs were then cross referenced in relation to past disasters for both their causes and the effect they had on various populations after disaster. This was presented to the ACEP board as a committee report.Results: All the SDOH and individual social needs showed significant negative effects for the populations when combined with a disaster event. These SDOH cut across age, race, and gender affecting a wide swath of people. Previous disaster planning either did not plan or under planned for these marginalized populations during disaster events.Conclusions: Disparities in healthcare are a pervasive problem that effects many different groups. Disasters magnify and more fully expose these healthcare disparities. We have explored the healthcare disparities with past disasters. These disparities, although common, can be mitigated. The recognition of these poor determinants of health can lead to better and more comprehensive disaster planning for future disasters. Subsequent research is needed to explore these healthcare disparities exacerbated by disasters and to find methods for their mitigation.
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Song, Young Seok, Moo Jong Park, Jung Ho Lee, Byung Sik Kim und Yang Ho Song. „Improvement Measure of Integrated Disaster Management System Considering Disaster Damage Characteristics: Focusing on the Republic of Korea“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010340.
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Recently, the Republic of Korea has experienced natural disasters, such as typhoons and heavy rainfall, as well as social accidents, such as large-scale accidents and infectious diseases, which are continuously occurring. Despite repeated disasters, problems such as inefficient early response and overlapping command systems occur continuously. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of disaster management systems by foreign countries, and the status of the damages by disasters for the past 10 years in the Republic of Korea, to suggest possible measures to improve the Republic of Korea’s integrated disaster management system. When a disaster occurs in the Republic of Korea, the Si/Gun/Gu Disaster Safety Measure Headquarters, under the command of the local governments, become the responsible agencies for disaster response while the central government supervises and controls the overall disaster support and disaster management. To improve the current disaster management system, we propose to incorporate all disaster types rather than dividing them by type into natural disasters and social disasters. To improve the disaster response and disaster management system, we propose to restructure the current administrative organization, revise the disaster-related laws, and overcome problems, such as inter-ministerial interconnectivity and overlapping regulation.
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Inichinbia, Victoria E. und Asogwa Emmanuel U. „Implications for Preparedness for Disasters in Developing Countries for Health Education: A Literature Review“. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, Nr. 03 (2022): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6340.
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In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of small to large-scale disasters in different parts of the world, affecting more people than ever, claiming thousands of lives, displacing millions of people, and destroying billions of dollar-worth of property globally. Studies have noted that disasters can happen anywhere, but about eighty-five per cent of those exposed to disasters reside in developing countries. These observations and reports have made it expedient for communities and nations to start building capacities and developing strategies and programs to respond to disasters or emergencies with their own resources, both human and material, without relying solely on aid international community. Despite increasing rates of disasters globally, most developing countries lag behind in preparedness to handle emergencies like disasters effectively, efficiently and appropriately. This is attributed to a number of factors, one of which is low disaster literacy level among the public. Hence, the need for health education to raise level of awareness and knowledge of disasters and improve attitudes and skills of individuals, communities, authorities and organizations in disaster prevention and reduction. A popular saying in disaster management is that “we cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm ourselves with knowledge to save lives and property”. This statement emphasizes great role health education in disaster preparedness. The study intended to review from studies preparedness for disasters in developing countries: implications of health education. The study utilized conventional subject-search method, and a supplementary search method of citation/unstructured searching technique to review twenty-nine papers. The results showed that the resilience and capacity for disaster preparedness of any countries depends largely on the level and qualities of disaster awareness and education of the people, and the study also confirmed and added more information to already done research work the vital roles health education plays in all phases of preparedness for disasters. The study concluded that effectiveness and efficiency of disaster preparedness activities of nations are predicated on the level of disaster literacy and health education base of the people
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Mohammad, Sohel, und Suhaib Mohammad Qureshi. „An Assessment of the Relationship between Cultural Diversity and Disaster Preparedness“. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, Nr. 8 (22.07.2023): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i81773.
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Cultural diversity is an essential aspect of human society, but it can create challenges in the context of disaster preparedness and response. Disasters can affect people from different cultures in different ways, and cultural differences can influence the way people prepare for and respond to disasters. This article assesses the relationship between cultural diversity and disaster preparedness, examining the ways in which cultural diversity can influence disaster preparedness efforts. One way in which cultural diversity can influence disaster preparedness is through attitudes towards risk. People from different cultures may have different perceptions of risk, which can influence their willingness to prepare for disasters. For example, people from some cultures may be more fatalistic about disasters, believing that they are beyond human control, while others may be more proactive in their disaster preparedness efforts. Understanding these cultural differences is essential for developing effective disaster preparedness strategies that take into account the needs and perspectives of diverse cultural groups. Another way in which cultural diversity can influence disaster preparedness is through beliefs about the causes of disasters. Different cultures may have different beliefs about the causes of disasters, which can influence the way people prepare for and respond to them. For example, people from some cultures may see disasters as the result of divine punishment, while others may attribute them to natural causes. Understanding these cultural differences is essential for developing effective disaster preparedness strategies that are sensitive to the beliefs and values of diverse cultural groups.
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Khaerudin, Khaerudin, und Nur Tjahjono Suharto. „Disaster Education Model for Pre-School Age Children“. Jurnal Iqra' : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan 7, Nr. 2 (03.11.2022): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.25217/ji.v7i2.1967.
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Disasters are classified into 3 (three) namely natural disasters, non-natural disasters and social disasters. To reduce disaster risk, it is necessary to prioritize a disaster-care attitude with disaster education from an early age in accordance with the habits of a society. This study aims to reveal and analyze the disaster education model in early childhood and at the same time to determine the effectiveness of the learning process. This research is a research library to examine the literature related to research problems by selecting, reading, studying, and reviewing relevant research. Data collection was carried out through literature surveys related to disaster education and studies related to early childhood. Data analysis was performed by editing, classification, and interpretation. Early childhood is a group that is vulnerable to disasters. It is imperative that early childhood get attention to get disaster education as early as possible. Disaster education is very important to be implemented from early age groups to adulthood. BPBD Klaten Regency through Taman Eling, Waspada, and Siaga as a model of disaster education provides disaster learning starting from early childhood Keywords: Early Childhood, Disaster Mitigation, Disaster Education Model
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Setiawan, Eko, und Tamim Mujadid Mahendra. „Formulating Disaster Mitigation Strategies for Surakarta City, Indonesia by Using Risk Matrix and House of Risk Phase 2“. E3S Web of Conferences 517 (2024): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451703002.
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Surakarta is a city in Central Java, Indonesia that has the potential to be affected by any type of disaster. This study aims to identify hazards that may cause disasters in the city; to measure the level of damage produced by the disasters; and to provide disaster mitigation strategies for the city over the 2023-2027 period of time. To achieve these aims, this study uses the risk matrix method to determine the level of risk imposed by each of the potential disasters and implements the house of risk (HoR) phase 2 to formulate disaster mitigation strategies. The study reveals that there are 7 potential disasters taking place in the city during the time period of 2023-2027. The use of HoR phase 2 results in 10 mitigation strategies, namely “Carrying out disaster outreach and education”; “Collaborating with other parties in disaster management”, “Strengthening the legal framework for disaster management”, “Mapping disaster-prone areas”, “Providing early warning of disasters to communities”, “Forming disaster-resilient villages”, “Cleaning and developing water drainage channel”, “Controlling illegal settlements”, “Adding water catchment areas”; and “Conducting reforestation”.
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Nur, Amran, und Veronica Margareth Dampung. „Penanggulangan Kesehatan Dalam Kondisi Pasca Bencana Dusun Ujung Indah, Desa Cilellang, Kecamatan Mallusettasi, Kabupaten Barru“. INDRA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, Nr. 1 (30.04.2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/indra.v1i1.1.
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Abstract: Indonesia has been declared as one of the most disaster-prone countries according to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Indonesia ranks 6th among countries prone to disasters. Indonesia is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and others as well as non-natural disasters such as floods, infectious diseases, forest fires, and others, as well as social disasters in the form of social conflicts in various regions. One of the concepts of disaster management is disaster risk management, At this stage, efforts should be made if a catastrophic event occurs, damage and losses with a large enough scale of impact can be avoided and minimized by mitigating education to the community. Because the location of this village is on the seashore and has a watershed that could threaten the safety of the population, therefore a health prevention socialization will be carried out if at any time an unwanted natural disaster occurs. Keywords: natural disasters, Barru Districts, disaster risk, countermeasures.
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Kyen, Seung Yup. „A Study on Re-establishment of The Framework Act On The Management Of Disasters And Safety“. Korean Public Land Law Association 101 (28.02.2023): 389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2023.101.389.
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The Framework Act On the Management Of Disasters And Safety enacted and implemented in 2004 integrated Natural Disasters and Social Accidents into disasters, established a systematic and effective disaster management and safety management system for all social factors that can damage people's lives, bodies, property, and the State. However, despite the steady improvement of the disaster and safety management system, disasters in our society continue to occur. The Framework Act On The Management Of Disasters And Safety, which consisted of 81 articles at the time of enactment, increased to 149 articles as of 2022, and more than 40 revised legislation on disaster management administration such as organization, planning, and authority, but It happened a disaster massive casualties in the Itaewon on October 29, 2022. The 21st National Assembly also supplemented the Framework Act On The Management Of Disasters And Safety after the disaster, but the law is already complicated and difficult to understand due to frequent revisions, impeding the predictability of the law and making it difficult to achieve The Rule of Law Principle in Korean administrative law. In addition, It is necessary to establish relations between individual laws such as already enacted the Disaster Safety Communication Network Act and the Disaster Safety Industry Promotion and such as discussing the Framework Act on Safety and the Disaster Management Resources Act. Therefore, this study aims to secure public safety rights by analyzing problems in terms of the Framework Act On The Management Of Disasters And Safety and the system of related laws, securing predictability of laws, and proposing a plan to re-establish the Framework Act On The Management Of Disasters And Safety.
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Iyama, Keita, Takeyasu Kakamu, Kazunori Yamashita, Jiro Shimada, Osamu Tasaki und Arifumi Hasegawa. „Survey about Intention to Engage in Specific Disaster Activities among Disaster Medical Assistance Team Members“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, Nr. 6 (18.10.2021): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x21001035.
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AbstractIntroduction:Different disaster activities should be performed smoothly. In relation to this, human resources for disaster activities must be secured. To achieve a stable supply of human resources, it is essential to improve the intentions of individuals responding to each type of disaster. However, the current intention of Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) members has not yet been assessed.Study Objective:To facilitate a smooth disaster response, this survey aimed to assess the intention to engage in each type of disaster activity among DMAT members.Methods:An anonymous web questionnaire survey was conducted. Japanese DMAT members in the nuclear disaster-affected area (Group A; n = 79) and the non-affected area (Group N; n = 99) were included in the analysis. The outcome was the answer to the following question: “Will you actively engage in activities during natural, human-made, and chemical (C), biological (B), radiological/nuclear (R/N), and explosive (E) (CBRNE) disasters?” Then, questionnaire responses were compared according to disaster type.Results:The intention to engage in C (50), B (47), R/N (58), and E (52) disasters was significantly lower than that in natural (82) and human-made (82) disasters (P <.001). The intention to engage in CBRNE disasters among younger participants (age ≤39 years) was significantly higher in Group A than in Group N. By contrast, the intention to engage in R/N disasters alone among older participants (age ≥40 years) was higher in Group A than in Group N. However, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of intention to engage in C, B, and E disasters. Moreover, the intention to engage in all disasters between younger and older participants in Group A did not differ. In Group N, older participants had a significantly higher intention to engage in B and R/N disasters.Conclusion:Experience with a specific type of calamity at a young age may improve intention to engage in not only disasters encountered, but also other types. In addition, the intention to engage in CBRNE disasters improved with age in the non-experienced population. To respond smoothly to specific disasters in the future, measures must be taken to improve the intention to engage in CBRNE disasters among DMAT members.
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Maharani, Fandita Tonyka, und Dyah Utari. „Disaster talk: The increased knowledge of disaster management among a study group of students of Faculty X University Y“. Community Empowerment 7, Nr. 7 (26.07.2022): 1230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.6843.
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Indonesia has been known as a disaster-prone country. Disasters can occur due to several things, namely natural disasters, disasters due to technological failures, and also emerging risks. Disaster control can be done by knowing disaster management in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Providing information and increasing relevant knowledge about disasters is one of the implementations of the disaster management phase, namely the pre-disaster stage. University students are chosen as partners because they are agents of change who can play a significant role in society. The method of implementing community service is through online lectures and discussions. Pre and post-test were carried out to determine the comparison of knowledge in students. This activity succeeded in increasing students' knowledge about disaster management.
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Lestari, Fatma, Dicky Pelupessy, Yasuhito Jibiki, Fiori Amelia Putri, Ahmad Yurianto, Gama Widyaputra, Sony Maulana, Cynthia Febrina Maharani und Fumihiko Imamura. „Analysis of Complexities in Natech Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: A Case Study of Cilegon, Indonesia“. Journal of Disaster Research 13, Nr. 7 (01.12.2018): 1298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1298.
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Complex disasters may occur as a result of a natural disaster combined with an industrial or a technological disaster. These are also called “natural-hazard triggered technological (natech) disasters.” Currently, there is increasing awareness of the hazards of these natech disasters. Natural disasters could trigger a technological disaster including oil spills and the release of hazardous and flammable materials and toxic chemicals, causing cascading events. The impact of the damage on public health and safety could be catastrophic, as it may result in massive loss of life, environmental destruction, and asset and property loss. Moreover, it could cause business disruptions and affect a country’s reputation. This paper describes a case study on the application of disaster risk reduction and management for natech disasters in Cilegon, Indonesia. We introduce the analysis of risk assessment conducted in Cilegon, the preparedness of the Cilegon City government, a contingency plan that has been developed, and the state of disaster preparedness in industrial zones. Natural and technological disaster risks as well as several emergency preparedness efforts are discussed and multiple stakeholders are identified. The paper serves as a foundation for future research to address natech disasters.
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Fitri, Rina, Sulastri Sulastri und Ismail AB. „TEACHER PERSPECTIVES ON HIGH SCHOOL IN ACEH PROVINCE ABOUT NATURAL DISASTERS“. JURNAL GEOGRAFI 13, Nr. 2 (07.07.2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v13i2.23863.
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The Indonesian government has made efforts to restore the structure and development of school responses, including increasing knowledge, skills, and disaster management operating systems in schools. School leaders and teachers are expected to balance the need for standard operating procedures with the ability of organizational structures to respond to specific problems caused by disasters. Teacher enhancement is expected to provide a more active role for students and overcome their stress in post-disaster situations. This study aimed to examine the perspective of high school teachers on knowledge of natural disasters and natural disaster mitigation. A descriptive statistical approach is used to describe and explain teacher knowledge and mitigate natural disasters. Explaining how much influence or relationship between teachers' knowledge on disaster mitigation is done. The sample in this study was high school teachers in Aceh province, with 389 teachers. The research data collection used an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results showed that the perspective of high school teachers regarding knowledge of natural disasters was in the high category on average; the average teacher knew general knowledge of natural disasters, signs of catastrophe, classification of natural disasters, and causes of natural disasters. Not much different from the results of the teacher's perspective regarding natural disaster mitigation in the very high category, planning in the mitigation process, policies, operational disaster procedures, signs of disaster evacuation have been recognized by SMA teachers in Aceh province. The level of knowledge of high school teachers with mitigation has a significant relationship, so the higher the knowledge of high school teachers about natural disasters, the more high-school teachers can mitigate against natural disasters.Keywords: Teacher's Perspective, Natural Disaster Knowledge, Natural Disaster Mitigation, Regression Analysis