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Friderichs, Michael. „The new banking model - digital revolution of the banking sector : the example of Commerzbank AG“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14489.
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Mestrado em FinançasDigitalization is one of the most interesting and important topics nowadays in the banking industry. The objective of this internship report is to understand the importance of the Challenges for the banking sector and see the start of the digitalization on the example of the Commerzbank AG. This internship report starts with the description of activities developed during the internship at Commerzbank AG Branch Luxembourg. Going over to a Literature Review which deals with Regulation of the banking sector, current banking business models and further Challenges in the Banking industry. Most interesting in the current Challenges for the banking industry are covered by investing the topics of FinTechs & digital revolution, low interest rate environment & banks profitability and the Overcapacity in the banking sector. Next, applying the topics from the Literature review on Commerzbank AG, by explaining what is the solution and strategy for the current challenges. Finally, an outlook for Commerzbank AG and personal impression from the internship will be narrated.
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Björk, Sofia. „Corporate customer loyalty within the banking sector: The case of SEB“. Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28706.
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Abstract Background: The financial sector is under constant development and the massive digitalization has changed the banking sector. The banking industry is nowadays characterized by self-service solutions and customers can solve their problems from everywhere and at any moment. The banking industry is highly competitive since all banks offer homogenous products and services that easily can be duplicated. Therefore it is of major importance for the banks to distinguish themselves from the other banks, offering the same products and services. The only way to distinguish oneself in today’s competitive environment is by either price or quality. Hence customer satisfaction, which leads to customer loyalty, can be seen as a potential tool to gain a strategic advantage in the highly competitive environment. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine marketing strategies for bank companies work in reaching corporate customer loyalty concerning digitalization, decision-making and service quality towards their corporate customers in the modern banking industry. Method: This thesis builds on primary sources in the form of semi-structured interviews. Three key persons carefully selected within SEB have been chosen to get an insight of how the bank works towards shaping long-term relationships and loyal customers. Respondents were chosen after their competence concerning corporate customer loyalty. Conclusion: The banking sector was examined and it showed to be highly homogenous and the products and services offered are basically the same. In that, three important conclusions were highlighted. First, there is a need for banks to distinguish oneself through high service quality, which will result in customer loyalty. The importance of being easy, credible and secure in order to keep existing customers and acquire new ones was fundamental. However being predictable and transparent in their reasoning is a necessity to shape a loyal clientele. Second, providing high service quality and reducing the gap between the customer expectations and delivered service will enhance the customer loyalty and also the bank’s profitability. Significant since it is cheaper to keep loyal customers than to acquire new ones. Third, as digitalization has changed the banking landscape, the future customers will consider themselves as loyal, but they will be loyal with more actors at the same time. This is due to the fact that competitors will only be a click away and that the digitalization will make it easier for customer to increase their probability by switching bank, as they will be offered more different available alternatives.Abstrakt Sammanfattning: Den finansiella sektorn är under konstant utveckling och den massiva digitaliseringen har ändrat den mycket de senaste åren. Banksektorn kännetecknas numera av självbetjäning där kunderna kan lösa sina problem var som helst och när som helst. Bankindustrin är en väldigt konkurrensutsatt marknad eftersom alla produkter och service är homogen och kan lätt kopieras. Därför är det extremt viktigt för banker att utmärka sig från sina konkurrenter, som erbjuder samma produkter och service. Det enda sättet att utmärka sig från andra banker i dagens konkurrensutsatta sektor är genom pris eller kvalitet. Därför kan kundnöjdhet, som leder till lojala kunder, ses som ett verktyg för att få en strategisk fördel i den konkurrensintensiva omgivningen. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka marknadsstrategier i universalbankers arbete mot att uppnå kundlojalitet, beträffande digitalisering, beslutstagande och servicekvalitet mot deras företagskunder i den moderna bankindustrin. Metod: Denna uppsats bygger på primära källor i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Tre nyckelpersoner noga utvalda inom SEB har valts för att få en insikt i hur bankerna jobbar med att skapa långsiktiga relationer och lojala kunder. Respondenterna valdes utefter deras kunskap när det gäller lojalitet mot företagskunder. Slutsats: Banksektorn undersöktes och den visade sig vara väldigt homogen och produkterna och servicen som erbjuds är likvärdig. Det gjordes tre viktiga slutsatser av detta. Först och främst så finns det ett behov för banker att urskilja sig själva genom hög servicekvalitet, vilket resulterar i kundnöjdhet. Vikten av att vara enkel, trovärdig och säker för att behålla sina kunder och få nya är grundläggande. Även vikten av att vara förutsägbar och transparant i deras resonemang är en nödvändighet för att skapa en lojal kundkrets. Den andra slutsatsen som drogs var att förse kunderna med hög servicekvalitet för att reducera gapet mellan kundens förväntningar och den levererade servicen som i sin tur kommer att öka kundlojaliteten och även bankens lönsamhet. Detta är viktigt eftersom det är billigare att behålla lojala kunder än att skaffa sig nya. Den tredje slutsatsen som drogs var att eftersom digitaliseringen har ändrat banksektorn så kommer framtidens kunder se sig själva som lojala, men de kommer vara lojala med fler aktörer samtidigt. Detta är eftersom konkurrenter bara kommer att vara ett klick bort och digitaliseringen kommer göra det lättare för kunderna att öka deras lönsamhet genom att byta bank, eftersom de kommer bli erbjudna fler alternativ.
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Rozmus, Joanna, und Rita Naaom. „Digitalisering och kundlojalitet inom banksektorn“. Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34586.
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Digitaliseringen inom banksektorn har under de senaste åren utvecklats konstant. De stora förändringar som har skett inom banksektorn har lett till att konsumenterna idag kan utföra sina banktransaktioner vilken tid som helst på dygnet, utan att behöva besöka ett bankkontor. De digitala verktygen representerade huvudsakligen av Internetbanken, Telefonbanken, Mobilt BankID och Swish har underlättat för konsumenterna att hantera sina ärenden på ett smidigt och enkelt sätt, vilket har lämnat sina spår på den marknaden som bankerna verkar i. En stor del av bankkontoren i Stockholms län avvecklas då den fysiska kontakten minskar. Storbankerna SEB, Swedbank, Handelsbanken samt Nordea får nu en mycket stor utmaning att skapa kundlojalitet med konsumenterna då kundkontakten försvinner. Detta gör det även svårare för storbankerna att knyta kontakt med nya konsumenter. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur en utökad digitalisering av tjänster påverkar kundlojalitet till bankerna på den svenska marknaden. Uppsatsen ger en översikt av valda marknadsförings teorier och relevanta begrepp avseende bankens digitalisering och dess påverkan på kundlojaliteten. Därefter presenteras val av metod och motivet bakom valet. I den empiriska delen presenteras undersökningsdata med tillhörande analys av de insamlade data. Studien avslutas med en sammanfattad diskussion kring resultat och därefter redovisas studiens slutsats.Digitalization in the banking sector has evolved steadily in recent years. The major changesthat have taken place in the banking sector have led consumers to carry out their bank affairs atany time of the day without having to visit a bank office. The digital tools represented mainlyby the Internet Bank, Telephone Bank, Mobile BankID and Swish, have made it easier forconsumers to handle their banking transactions in a smooth and easy way, which has left theirmark on the market in which banks operate. A large part of the bank offices in StockholmCounty are ceased as physical contact is reduced. The big banks SEB, Swedbank,Handelsbanken and Nordea have a very big challenge now to create customer loyalty withconsumers as the customer contact disappears. This makes it even harder for major banks toconnect with new consumers. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how an increased digitalization of services affectscustomer loyalty to the banks in the Swedish market. The essay provides an overview ofselected marketing theories and relevant concepts regarding the bank's digitization and itsimpact on customer loyalty. Thereafter, the choice of method and the motivation behind theselection are presented. In the empirical part, survey data are presented with the accompanyinganalysis of the collected data. The study concludes with a summary discussion of results andafterwards the conclusion is presented.
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Finnhult, Emma, und Emelie Fernholm. „Storbankernas digitala kundrelationer : - en kvalitativ studie om digitaliseringens påverkan på kundrelationer inom banksektorn“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44683.
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Title: The major banks digital customer relationships - a qualitative study of the impact of digitalization on customer relationships in the banking sector. Author: Emelie Fernholm and Emma Finnhult. Keywords: Swedish banks, digitalization in the banking sector, digital customer relationships. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how banking clerks experience the impact of digitalization on customer relationships. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate whether the older generation has been affected harder by increased digitalization in the banking sector comparison with the younger generation and whether video chats is a successful complement to other digital channels to include more senses in customer conversation. Theoretical reference frame: The theoretical frame of reference consists of the subject areas digitalization, digitalization in the banking sector, generations, customer relationships, customer loyalty and asymmetric information flows. The theory further presents several models. These models describe the impact of digitalization on the business, various relationship programs to create a good relationship with the customer and an alternative database for evaluating customer relationships. The theory chapter ends with an “understanding model” that connects the entire theoretical frame of reference. Method: This study is based on a qualitative research method. Eight bank clerks have been interviewed from Sweden's major banks in a small municipality, a medium-sized municipality and a large municipality. The answers have been analyzed with the help of an intra- and interval analysis. Conclusion: The theoretical frame of reference and the empirical material have finally resulted in four conclusions. The study shows that bank clerks customer relationships have been affected more positive than negative as a result of increased digitalization, that long-term customer relations have not become less important in Sweden's major banks as a result of increased digitalization, the problem that the older generation is affected by digitalization is explained much worse in the theoretical frame of reference compared to what bank clerks believe and video chats is a good complement to other digital channels to include more senses in the customer conversation.
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Carlsson, Josefine, und Linnéa Falk. „Att styra informellt : En studie om hur digitaliseringen påverkar användningen och anpassningen av informella styrmedel inom banksektorn“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166071.
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Bakgrund: Banksektorn befinner sig i en allt mer komplex och föränderlig miljö på grund av digitaliseringen och dess påverkan på samhället. Till följd av den snabbföränderliga marknaden ställs det krav på hur bankerna internt organiserar sin verksamhet för att fortsatt vara konkurrenskraftiga. De mindre formella styrmedlen har därav fått en mer central roll då de är mer flexibla och lättare kan anpassas utifrån den snabbrörliga omgivningen. För att uppnå en flexibilitet som gör att bankerna kan följa med i förändringen krävs därför en förståelse för de informella styrmedlens anpassning och användning i samband med den digitala förändringen. Syfte: Studien syftar till att bidra med en ökad förståelse för hur de informella styrmedlen kan användas och anpassas för att möta förändringsprocesser såsom digitalisering. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie där fyra banker studerats. Empirin består av sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare på svenska banker. Vidare utgår studien från ett hermeneutistiskt perspektiv med en abduktiv ansats. Slutsats: Studien visar att bankerna använder sig av de informella styrmedlen kommunikation, kompetensutveckling och organisationskultur för att möta den digitala förändringen. Samtliga styrmedel har påverkats och anpassats på olika sätt för att möta digitaliseringen. Kommunikationen har blivit mer frekvent och lättillgänglig, kompetensutvecklingen sker mer digitalt och slutligen har företagskulturen behövt anamma en mer tillitsbaserad och öppen kultur. För att bankerna ska kunna möta den digitala förändringen på marknaden påvisar studien vikten av att kommunikation, kompetensutveckling och organisationskulturen används för att skapa ett lärandeklimat som främjar förändring. Slutligen måste de informella styrmedlen samspela för att skapa rätt förutsättningar för bankerna att möta den digitala utvecklingen och därav är ledarens roll av betydelse för ett integrerat användande av styrmedlen.Background: The banking sector is acting in an increasingly complex and changing environment due to digitalization. Because of the rapidly changing market, requirements have been set for how the banks internally organize their operations in order to remain competitive. Informal control systems have therefore become more central as they are more flexible and more easily to adapt to the fast-moving environment. In order to achieve a flexibility that allows the banks to stay competitive, an understanding of the adaptation and use of the informal control systems in connection with the digital change is required. Aim: The study aims to contribute to an increased understanding of how the informal control systems can be used and adapted to meet change such as digitalization. Methodology: The study uses a qualitative cross-sectional study design where four banks have been studied. The empirical data consists of seven semi structured interviews with employees of Swedish banks. Furthermore, the study is based on a hermeneutic philosophical standpoint with an abductive approach. Conclusion: The study shows that the banks use communication, competence development and organizational culture to meet the digital change. The informal control systems have been influenced and adapted in different ways to meet the digitalization. Communication has become more frequent and easily accessible, the competence development is more digital, and the organizational culture has had to adopt a more trustbased and open culture. In order for the banks to be able to meet the digital change, the study shows the importance of using communication, competence development and organizational culture to create a learning climate that promotes change. Finally, the informal control systems must interact with each other in order to create the right conditions for the banks to meet the digital development. Hence the role of the leader is important to make sure that the control systems are used in an integrated way
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Mårtensson, Felicia, und Claudia Üre. „Är det traditionella sättet att bedriva bankverkamhet förbi? : En kvalitativ studie om hur digitaliseringen har förändrat svenska bankers affärsmodeller“. Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38535.
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Den pågående digitaliseringen kan ses som en av de mest väsentliga omvandlingarna av det moderna samhället, vilket har påverkat stora delar av näringslivet och människors vardag. Digitaliseringen har bidragit till omfattande förändringar i hur organisationer bedriver sin verksamhet och en av de främsta utmaningarna anses vara relaterade till utformningen av affärsmodeller. En bransch som formats av digitaliseringen är banksektorn, där utvecklingen har accelererat de tio senaste åren. Den svenska banksektorn har genomgått en omvandling som kännetecknats av en övergång från hierarkiska och byråkratiska strukturer till att följa principer om öppenhet och flexibilitet. De fyra storbankerna har länge dominerat den svenska banksektorn men utmanas av digitala aktörer i allt större utsträckning. Föreliggande studie syftade till att beskriva och analysera svenska stor- och nischbankers syn på förhållandet mellan digitaliseringen och affärsmodeller, vilket även innefattade att identifiera drivkrafter till förändringar av bankernas affärsmodeller. Tidsramen för studien avgränsades till de tio senaste åren, det vill säga, mellan år 2009 och 2018. Studien tillämpade en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och en fallstudie genomfördes. Studieobjekten utgjordes av storbankerna Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB och Swedbank samt de digitala nischbankerna Avanza och Nordnet. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av en metodtriangulering, vilket inkluderade elva semistrukturerade intervjuer och årsredovisningar. Vidare genomfördes analysen tematiskt med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visade överlag på att samtliga banker hade genomgått stora förändringar i sina affärsmodeller, där det förekom både likheter och skillnader mellan stor- och nischbankerna. Drivkrafterna för ändring av bankernas affärsmodeller till följd av digitaliseringen var emellertid samma oavsett stor- eller nischbank. Bankernas affärsmodeller hade förändrats med avseende på kundinteraktioner, resurser, integration med externa partners samt intäktsströmmar och kostnadsstruktur. Avslutningsvis identifierades teknologisk utveckling, företagsstrategier och imitation, förändrade kundbeteenden, förändrade regelverk och nya aktörer som centrala drivkrafter för ändring av bankernas affärsmodeller till följd av digitaliseringen.Digitalization has been one of the most transformative changes to our modern society. This shift has affected almost all aspects of daily life and extensively shaped how organizations operate. One of the most challenging aspects within digitalization is related to business models. The banking sector is a key example of an industry that has been continually shaped by digitalization. In the past decade, this development has rapidly accelerated and as a result, there is a need for banks to review their business models. The Swedish banking sector has been characterized by hierarchical and bureaucratic structures to follow principles of openness and flexibility. Four big banks have long dominated the Swedish banking sector; however, they are increasingly being challenged by digital players. This study aimed to describe and analyze how Swedish banks perceived the relationship between digitalization and business models, which includes identifying the driving forces behind the changes within banking business models. The study's timeframe was delimited to the last ten years, that is, from 2009 through 2018. A qualitative research strategy was applied in which a case study was conducted including four Swedish big banks (Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB, and Swedbank) and two digital niche banks (Avanza and Nordnet). Data collection was carried out using a method triangulation, which included eleven semi-structured interviews combined with annual reports. The study was analyzed through a thematic qualitative content analysis. Overall, the study's results showed that digitalization has changed the business models of big and niche banks, both similarly and differently. Although, the driving forces behind the changes within the banking business models were similar regardless type of bank. Changes in the business models were primarily based on customer interaction, resources, integration of external partners, revenue streams and cost structure. Lastly, technological development, corporate strategy and imitation, changed customer behaviour, changed regulations and new market participants were identified as keydrivers for changing the banks’ business models as a result of digitalization.
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Palmquist, Sebastian. „Digitalization in The Banking Industry : Adapting to The Crisis“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172975.
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Research problemThe world is currently undergoing one of the most substantial crises of the past century, causing disruption both socially and economically. The effect on the Swedish inhabitants has been impactful, especially for elders, who are crippled in the ability to complete necessary tasks including private banking. Many elderlies are struggling with online banking and similar fintech services, so when the rest of the population resort to digital means of conducting bank errands, what are banks doing to smoothen the transition for elders? Research purpose The research purpose is to explore how commercial banks are bridging the digital divide between information technology and the senior customers and further how the immediate crisis complicates this. The thesis will explore the practical efforts toward smoothening the transition between an increasingly more digitalized bank sector and the older generations. Additionally, to provide insight to how the covid-19 pandemic influences commercial banking and what trends are following. Theoretical framework The theoretical framework has been modeled around five concepts relating to digitalization: Digital divide, the bell doctrine, E-banking, The profitability of traditional vs. modern banking and E-CRM. The theoretical framework is presented in full extent in its own section. Methodology A qualitative method is applied with emphasis on narrative inquiries collected through semiconstructed interviews. Empirical findings The findings are presented as thematic extracts from the interviews, anchored in the theoretical framework, consisting of primary data from five participants from four separate banks in the Umeå region, Sweden. Conclusion The local banks have been very successful in providing their non-digital customers with their services by being flexible and offering a broad range of channels through which the customer can interact with the bank. For the most part, the banks themselves remain largely unaffected by the crisis. Naturally, there are a few customers who still resist, or do not possess the ability to utilize the digital tools that has become the primary way banking matters are conducted at this time. Additionally, it is possible that the outcome of the crisis will have resulted in an increasingly higher rate of adaptation of digital banking, hence making the traditional business model more difficult to operate post-crisis.
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Schneider, Friedrich. „Regulating the banking sector /“. Florence (Italie) : European University Institute, 1990. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33280.
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Prange, Tim. „The Chinese banking sector“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16129.
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Zusammenfassung: Diese Arbeit liefert eine institutionenökonomische Sicht auf den chinesischen Bankensektor des Jahres 2005. Im theoretischen Teil werden etablierte makroprudentielle Indikatoren zur Prüfung der Bankenstabilität in einen Rahmen aus informellen und formalen marktregulierenden und marktstabilisierenden Institutionen integriert. Die sich anschließende positive institutionelle Analyse zielt auf die Identifizierung von Risiken für die Stabilität des chinesischen Bankensektors ab, welche sich aus diesem institutionellen Gefüge ergeben. AbstractAbstract: This paper gives an institutional perspective on the Chinese banking sector at the end of 2005. For the theoretical part, this paper uses established macroprudential indicators for banking sector stability and integrates these into a set of formal and informal market-regulating and market-stabilising institutions. The following positive institutional analysis aims at identifying risks for the stability of the Chinese banking sector emanating from this institutional framework.
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Malcata, Pedro. „Banco BPI: banking sector“. Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10349.
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Salé, Laurent. „Liquidity in the banking sector“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E002/document.
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Comme un déterminant de la survie d'une banque durant la crise financière de 2007/2008, la liquidité dans le secteur bancaire a depuis récemment représenté un défi pour les communautés financières et universitaires. Les trois articles présentés dans cette thèse portent sur les deux principales facettes de la liquidité dans le secteur bancaire: la détention d'actifs liquides (à savoir, la trésorerie et les ressources assimilées) et le processus de création de la liquidité dans les banques utilisé pour financer des prêts. Comme on le verra dans les articles, ces deux aspects de la liquidité peuvent être considérés comme les deux faces d'une même pièce. Je reconnais que la liquidité dans le secteur bancaire est liée à la création monétaire; cependant, cette thèse se concentre sur les deux précités aspects de la liquidité. Tout d'abord, cette introduction présente comment le concept de la liquidité a évolué dans la pensée économique dominante. La seconde partie considère le renouveau de la détention de cash qui a été observée depuis la crise financière de 2007/2008 dans le secteur bancaire. La troisième section examine les propriétés de liquidité. La quatrième section explore ce que nous ne savons pas sur la liquidité. La cinquième section identifie et sélectionne trois problèmes fondamentaux relatifs à liquidité et qui sont analysés dans les trois articles présentés dans thèse. La sixième et dernière section présente la méthodologie utilisée dans les trois articles pour répondre à ces questions. Chapitre 1 : “Why do banks hold cash ?". La détention de cash et assimilé cash par les banques détiennent est devenue un enjeu majeur depuis la crise financière de 2008 qui a démontré que la trésorerie retenue est un déterminant majeur dans les chances de survie des banques. Cet article examine les déterminants de la détention de cash banque en utilisant des données internationales pour la période 1981-2014. Sur la base d'un grand échantillon, nous documentons une augmentation séculaire de la détention de cash par les banques pendant une période de 35 ans. Nous apportons la preuve que la nature optimale dynamique de la détention de cash est rejetée dans le secteur bancaire. Ces résultats contrastent avec le secteur non bancaire, où la nature optimale dynamique de trésorerie est observée. Chapitre 2: “Does an increase in capital negatively impact banking liquidity creation?”. A partir d'un ensemble de données composé d'un panel de 940 banques cotées des pays européens, américains et asiatiques, cet article documente l'évolution de la création de la liquidité bancaire au cours d'une période de 35 ans (1981-2014). La preuve empirique confirme que les niveaux de risque et de capital jouent un rôle significatif et négatif dans la création de liquidité par les banques. Dans l'ensemble, les effets négatifs de l’augmentation de capital sur la création de la liquidité bancaire sont plus importants que les effets positifs sur la gestion du risque correspondant, ce qui suggère que les exigences de fonds propres imposées pour soutenir la stabilité financière affectent négativement la création de liquidités. Ces résultats ont de larges implications pour les régulateurs bancaires. Chapitre 3: “Positive effects of Basel III on banking liquidity creation”. Ce document évalue l'effet du cadre réglementaire de Bâle III sur la création de liquidité bancaire. Les résultats sont basés sur un ensemble de données de panel de banques américaines qui représentent environ 60% des prêts et dépôts américains sur une période de 7 ans (2009-2015), en plus de différence dans la différence et les méthodes de survie standard. Tous les composants de Bâle III pris ensemble, il existe des preuves empiriques que Bâle III a un effet positif sur la création de liquidité bancaire sur le marché américain, en particulier pour les grandes banques. Ces résultats ont de larges implications pour les régulateurs bancairesAs one determinant of a bank’s survival during the financial crisis of 2007-2008, liquidity in the banking sector presents a challenge for the financial and academic communities and has recently become a central point of interest. The three articles presented in this thesis focus on the two main facets of liquidity in the banking sector: the holding of liquid assets (i.e., cash and assimilated resources) and the process of liquidity-creation in banks used to fund loans. As will be discussed in the articles, these two aspects of liquidity can be viewed as two sides of the same coin. I acknowledge that liquidity in banking is linked to the creation of money; however, this thesis focuses on the aforementioned two aspects of liquidity. First, this section presents how ideas about liquidity in the banking sector have evolved in mainstream economic thought. Second, it considers the revival of cash-holding that has been observed since the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Third, it discusses the properties of liquidity. Fourth, it explores what we do not know about liquidity. Fifth, it identifies the fundamental issues analyzed in the three articles. Finally, it presents the methodology used in the articles to address these issues. Chapter1: “Why do banks hold cash ?”. This paper investigates the determinants of bank cash holding by using international data for the period 1981-2014. The results do not seem to provide support for the substitutability hypothesis regarding the substitutive relation between cash and debt levels. Further, using the GMM-system estimation method, we find no support for the dynamic optimal cash model, suggesting that cash management in the banking sector is bounded by number of constraints that make it difficult for the agents to optimize their utility. Chapter 2: “Does an increase in capital negatively impact banking liquidity creation?”. From a dataset composed of a panel of 940 listed banks based in European, American and Asian countries, this paper documents the evolution of bank liquidity creation over a 35-year period (1981-2014). The empirical evidence confirms that risk and equity levels play a significant and negative role. Overall, the negative effects of equity increases on bank liquidity creation are more significant than corresponding positive effects on risk management, suggesting that capital requirements imposed to support financial stability negatively affect liquidity creation. These findings have broad implications for policymakers. Chapter 3: “Positive effects of Basel III on banking liquidity creation”. This paper estimates the effect of the Basel III regulatory framework on banking liquidity creation. The results are based on a panel data set of U.S. banks that represent approximately 60% of U.S. loans and deposits over a 7-year period (from 2009 to 2015) in addition to difference-in-difference and standard survival methods. All components of Basel III taken together, there is empirical evidence that Basel III has a positive effect on banking liquidity creation in the US market in particular for major banks. These findings have broad implications for policy makers
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Khachukaeva, Bella. „Innovations in the Banking sector“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262187.
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The aim of this thesis is to propose improvements in the selected banking process. This thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the traditional and banking approaches to innovations. The definition of innovations, classification, sources, models of innovation process, barriers to innovations are defined in the theoretical part. The practical part is devoted to the analysis of the process and a proposal of the innovation model of the process.
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Ferraria, Ana Rita de Almeida Marques. „Banco BPI SA: banking sector“. Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11703.
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Liu, Chenshuang, und Miao Yu. „Banking Sector Reform and Economic Growth : Case study of the South Korean banking sector reform“. Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1045.
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South Korea experienced a financial crisis in 1997 after more than 30 years of fast eco-nomic growth. During the crisis its gross domestic product (GDP) decreased sharply and many enterprises went bankrupt. The stated-owned banks in South Korea suffered huge losses and investors lost confidence in investing in the South Korean financial market. One result of the crisis reveals the weakness of the South Korean economy- government intervention in the banking sector.
This paper provides the reason for the financial crisis in 1997 in the introduction sec-tion. The following section is a theoretical framework, in which we have presented two macroeconomic models: the Solow model-growth accounting formula and the Ricardo-Viner model. With empirical findings, we show how the South Korean government re-sponded after the crisis with three approaches to banking reform. We include the two macroeconomic models in the analysis of how the three approaches affected the eco-nomic growth in South Korea during the reform process in the analysis section. Finally, we conclude that the South Korean banking sector reform has provided a success and briefly discuss how China should implement the South Korean useful experiences into its ongoing process of banking sector reform.
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Andersson, Joakim, und Axelina Boström. „Digitalization Strategies in the Banking Industry : A study among Swedish banks“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161310.
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Problem The banking industry is changing with new technologies and the financial sector is exposed to the strong pressure of change. All this appearing as a result of the ongoing digitalization. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of how Swedish banks internally work with digitalization. Also, to create an understanding of the banks’ views of challenges, opportunities, and the future perspective of the Swedish banking industry that follows with digitalization. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework has been developed from our three keywords: Digitalization, Bank industry and Digital banking. The theoretical foundation of this thesis is presented to create an understanding of the concept of digitalization. Methodology A qualitative research approach is used in this thesis where interviews are conducted with highly insightful respondents from each bank to fulfil the purpose and answer the research question. Empirical Findings The result of the empirical data collection consists of primary data collected through interviews with four major banks in Sweden. Conclusions All banks have a different internal approach to digitalization. However, there is no one-size-fits-all solution for a successful strategy, and the banks must adapt their internal work in order to manage the digitalization in the most suitable way. Although there are some difference and similarities in how banks internally work with digitalization, it is evident that the banking industry is changing along with the digitalization. We are facing a new reality where the digitalization brings both challenges and opportunities. The banks have a positive perspective on the future of digitalization. However, we will probably see a lot of changes in the banking industry in the near future.
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Centerskog, Frida. „Implementing Principles for Responsible Banking in the Swedish banking sector“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-427012.
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Principles For Responsible Banking is an initiative launched by the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative in 2019. The initiative has been signed by more than 185 banks around the world. The initiative was commenced to established a framework for the banking sector in order to align their sustainability efforts. The purpose of the research is to investigate whether the level of commitment of the major banks operating in Sweden to their sustainability work. Content analysis and semi-structured interviews were performed in order to research the sustainability efforts by the banking sector. The results suggests that the banks are working towards the sustainability goals mapped out by the United Nations and Agenda 2030 but also that the banks already have measures in place to drive their sustainability work forward. The banks can intensify their sustainability work by implementing stronger actions in order to reach greater results and accelerate their efforts.
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Hålander, Eva. „Competition in the Swedish Banking Sector“. Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18329.
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This thesis aims to evaluate the competitive situation in the Swedish banking sector. The banking sector in Sweden is characterized by its high degree of concentration, with four major banks controlling a large share of the market. Combined with high profits and high interest margins, this has raised concerns regarding the competitive pressures in the sector. Many existing theories in the literature try to evaluate competition based on market structure, however modern research concludes that high concentration does not necessarily imply less competition. By using a model that estimates the elasticity of factor input prices, the competitive behavior among the market players can be assessed and the results reveal a less competitive situation on the Swedish market compared to previous research within the field of banking competition.
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Winistörfer, Patrick. „Monetary policy and the banking sector /“. Bern : Studienzentrum Gerzensee, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/568291794.pdf.
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Pirozhkova, Ekaterina. „Uncertainty, banking sector and financial frictions“. Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2017. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/267/.
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Uncertainty is an important determinant of economic developments at both micro and macroeconomic levels. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the effects of economic and model uncertainty, paying close attention to financial factors as a key mechanism that propagates and amplifies business cycle movements. The first part of the thesis studies the impact of uncertainty on bank assets portfolios allocation. In chapter 1 I do this empirically by estimating a set of vector autoregression models. I show that a positive shock to uncertainty leads to reallocation of portfolios by commercial banks: they reduce issuance of business loans, while increasing the stock of safe assets - cash and Treasury and agency securities. I also demonstrate that when risk, uncertainty and balance sheet factors are controlled for, business loans decrease after monetary tightening, what allows to resolve the puzzle raised by den Haan et al. (2007) that business loans increase following monetary contraction. In chapter 2 I examine the relationship between economic uncertainty and asset portfolio allocation of banks in a theoretical model. The model incorporates a portfolio-optimizing banking sector facing non-diversifiable credit risk, where banks’ attitude to risk and expected profitability help to explain the endogenous movements of the risk premium. The premium charged by risk-averse banks provides self-insurance from profitability reduction brought about by heightened uncertainty about entrepreneurial productivity. Financial accelerator mechanism amplifies the portfolio reallocation effect of uncertainty shock. In the second part of the thesis I study how financial frictions affect robustness of monetary policy rules in New Keynesian models in case of model uncertainty. I demonstrate that when there is uncertainty about what type of financial frictions is at work, a policymaker exposes economy to risks of significant welfare losses by using a reference model without frictions as an economy representation.
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Hulinsky, Nathan James. „Risk Balancing in the Banking Sector“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27863.
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Policies to help banks reduce risks could have a null effect or completely opposite effect because firms exhibit a preferred risk level. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of risk balancing in the banking sector of the Northern Great Plains region of the USA. A panel model will be used to evaluate the effects of both business risk and financial risk of over 870 banks in the region. The Global Financial Crisis and bank policies will be taken into account. The banks will be separated into three separate population sectors to analyze the effects of different sectors.
Results indicate that the risk balancing hypothesis holds true in the banking sector. This is important to both bank managers and policy makers in efficient policy design. Policies to help reduce risk could have the unintended effect when policy makers fail to account for risk balancing hypothesis.
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Jeong, Woocheon. „Three essays on the relationship between the banking sector, the real sector, and the political environment“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=416.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 91 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Yang, Andy. „Credit risk measurement in China's banking sector“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1950319.
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Gelaschwili, Simon, und Andreas Nastansky. „Development of the banking sector in Georgia“. Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/4021/.
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The authors’ outline of the evolution of the banking sector development assesses governmental approaches to bank regulation and supervision and is a basic regulatory frame-work, needed to reduce bank failures; it characterises steps of the evolution of the banking sector and trends of its development.
The discussion focuses on: 1. Initial forming and restructuring of the banks, changes in the commercial banking sector and the reorganising of the banking systems; 2. Change of the role of the national bank and the mode of its intervention; 3. Dynamics of the banking system development in Georgia and the risks of banking activities.
The main findings suggest that 1. The Georgian banks overcame the crisis of the 90’s because of having portfolios of assets in foreign currencies and performing of the national banks function in the “lender of last resort”; 2. Regulatory and supervisory practices in Georgia develop from strict regulations to a deregulation that is most effective in promoting good performance and stability in the banking sector; 3. Alongside with the increase of banking concentration and openness the banking competition and financial risks boost too; that could be managed by further development of institutional reforms in the banking sector. There is an assess of the development and weakness of the banking sector.Entwicklung des Bankensektors in Georgien
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Tchape, Tchapi Pierre Douglas, und Elina Rosenfeld. „Environmental Concerns and Banking Sector in Sweden“. Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1061.
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This study concentrates on two questions – “Should banks take environmental concerns?”and “What is the attitude of Swedish banks towards sustainability?” The theory related to environmental concerns in the financial sector is presented and further on the empirical data
describing the situation within the Swedish banking sector is discussed. The empirical data was collected with the aid of a semi-structured interview and offers a real-life example of actions and attitudes of two case banks in Sweden – SEB and Handelsbanken. The aim of this paper is not restricted to presenting and discussing the collected theoretical and empirical data but also to involve the reader in the environmental way of thinking. This text is based on
the idea that banks are liable for the indirect impact on the environment and need to acknowledge that some borrowers involve in environmentally harmful businesses. The research method used for this study is of a qualitative nature, more precisely it is an exploratory research which aims to explain. The semi-structured interview used to study the attitudes of the chosen Swedish case banks, was composed of two types of questions – closed- and open-ended. Special characteristics of a semi-structured interview are the prompts and probes in its structure. These are the approaches to guide the respondent to reach broader coverage and greater depth in his/her answers.
Through the interview results, it became evident that the environmental issues have gained certain visibility within the Swedish banking sector. The given answers pointed towards the impression that maintaining a sound corporate image is the prior concern of a bank and
indicated that banking sector in Sweden undergoes external pressure to pursue environmentally friendly activities. It is clear that banks play a major role by financing the continuous damage to our planet, and it is comforting to know the banking sector is undergoing the pressure of becoming more involved in sustainable development. The
conclusions and the empirical evidence presented in this study are hoped to give a simplified view on environmental concerns within banking sector.
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Fu, Xiaoqing. „Efficiency and competition in China's banking sector“. Thesis, City University London, 2004. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8428/.
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China's banking sector has undergone remarkable changes during the last two decades, and banks in China today face more competitive pressure than ever before. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the efficiency and competition of the major Chinese banks over the period 1985-2002. After reviewing the evolution of the banking sector over the past half-century, the thesis addresses an important aspect of competition: X-efficiency and its potential correlates. X-efficiency is found to be as low as 40%-50% on average, suggesting that it is an important issue which should receive more attention from researchers, bank regulators and managers. State-owned banks are found to be less X-efficient than joint-stock banks, confirming the need for a shift in favour of shareholder owned banks. X-efficiency is also found to be more pronounced in the first stage of banking reform, implying that further interest rate liberalisation is necessary to help bank managers to be better able to control their costs. Tests for the presence of economies of scale and scope follow. The evidence is mixed but suggests that banks' cost structures may improve if the law prohibiting universal banking is relaxed. Finally, both the market-power and efficient-structure hypotheses are examined using a random effects panel data model. Some evidence is found to support the relevant market-power hypothesis and the X-efficiency version of the efficient-structure hypothesis for banks in the first and second reform stages, respectively, suggesting that the government's gradual approach to reform has improved the competitive structure of the banking sector. However, policy should be directed at enabling the more efficient banks to gain larger market shares. For example, the expansion of the joint-stock banks should be encouraged. There is little evidence of a 'quiet life' for the big four (state-owned) banks. However, while interest rate liberalisation should improve bank efficiency, policy makers must be aware of possible negative effects such as excessive market power, 'quiet life' effects, and other anti-competitive behaviour.
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Reuse, Svend. „Corporate evaluation in the German banking sector“. Wiesbaden Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8350-9533-5.
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Madani-Beyhurst, Shirin. „Essays on the banking sector of Luxembourg“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAB003.
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Cette thèse étudie le secteur bancaire du Luxembourg sous trois angles différents. Elle apporte de nouveaux éléments de débat sur un secteur bancaire souvent commenté mais rarement étudié. En outre, dans chacun des trois chapitres, les impacts de la crise financière sont étudiés. Chapitre 1: Création de liquidité par les banques du Luxembourg. Ce chapitre évalue la quantité liquidité créée par les banques. Nous constatons que cette création a plus que doublé entre 1999 et 2011. Cependant, la liquidité créée a commencé à diminuer en 2009 et en 2011, elle n’était toujours pas revenu au niveau d'avant la crise. Chapitre 2: Le canal du crédit bancaire au Luxembourg. Nous trouvons un canal du crédit opérationnel qui fonctionne essentiellement via la capitalisation des banques sur base agrégée. Nous démontrons également que les banques ont préservé la disponibilité du crédit lors de la crise financière. Chapitre 3: Rentabilité bancaire au Luxembourg dans un environnement de taux bas. Nous constatons qu’à long terme, le niveau et la pente de la courbe des taux contribuent positivement à la rentabilité bancaire, par conséquent, que les taux d'intérêt actuellement bas ont un effet négatif sur la profitabilité des banquesThis dissertation studies the banking sector of Luxembourg under three different angles. It therefore contributes to provide new evidence on an often commented but rarely investigated banking industry. Furthermore, in each of the three chapters, the impacts of the financial crisis are studied. Chapter 1: Bank liquidity creation in Luxembourg. This chapter assesses how much liquidity banks in Luxembourg have created. We find that liquidity creation has more than doubled between 1999 and 2011. However, the level of liquidity created started to decrease in 2009 and in 2011, was still not back to pre-crisis level. Chapter 2: The bank lending channel in Luxembourg. We find an operative bank lending channel in Luxembourg, which works through capitalization on an aggregated basis. Regarding the financial crisis, we underlined that banks preserved the availability of credit.Chapter 3: Bank profitability in Luxembourg in a low interest rate environment. We find that, in the long-run, the level and the slope of the yield curve contribute positively to bank profitability and hence that the current low interest rates have a negative effect on banks’ profits
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Häggqvist, Jacob. „Digital Transformation in the Swedish Banking Sector“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264176.
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The face of banking has changed dramatically over the last few decades, and in no area does this statement hold more true than in the domain of digitalization. One term that has been relentlessly repeated when discussing the past, present and future of this development is ”Digital Transformation”. Digital Transformation can be tersely defined to mean change driven by digital technologies, with the potential to increase efficiency in existing processes, as well as to allow for new and novel technology-driven problem solutions and business models. Despite the fact that Swedish major banks have come a long way in their digital transformation efforts, there is a lot of evidence that points towards this process not proceeding fast enough. This study is an effort to get a general overview of the main barriers and mechanisms that are causing this development to proceed at a slower rate than might otherwise be desired, and to investigate how actors within the Swedish banking sector are seeking to overcome said barriers. This is done primarily through the interviewing of key personnel within major Swedish universal banks. The majority of the interviews are conducted with employees from a single major Swedish universal bank, taking the form of a case study, while a smaller number of interviews are conducted with individuals associated with other banks, in an effort to provide increased generalizability. The results of the study show that barriers standing in the way of continued digital transformation in the Swedish banking sector can generally be categorized into one of the following categories: Legacy Infrastructure, Organizational Structure, Organizational Culture, Incentive Structure, Resource Insufficiency, Regulation, and Failure in Management. The solutions and models discussed to address these issues included API First approaches, change driven through Cross-Functional Teams, and Collaborative Strategy Formulation.Hur bankverksamhet bedrivs har förändrats dramatiskt över de senaste årtiondena, och i inget område är detta lika tydligt som när det kommer till digitalisering. Ett begrepp som ständigt upprepas när man beskriver den forna, nutida och framtida utvecklingen av den här typen är ”Digital Transformation”. Digital Transformation kan kortfattat summeras till att betyda förändring driven av digital teknologi, med potential att öka effektiviteten i befintliga processer, samt möjliggöra för nya problemlösningar och affärsmodeller. Trots det faktum att de svenska storbankerna har kommit en lång väg i sina digitala transformationsinitiativ, så finns det mycket som tyder på att denna process ändå inte går tillräckligt snabbt frammåt. Den här studien är ett försök att få en generell överblick på de primära barriärerna och mekanismerna som orsakar att denna utveckling går långsammare än önskat, samt att undersöka hur aktörer inom den svenska banksektorn har för avsikt att bemöta dessa problem. Detta görs huvudsakligen genom intervjuer med nyckelpersonal inom de svenska storbankerna. Majoriteten av de intervjuade kommer från en enda bank, där en form av casestudie utförs, medan ett mindre antal intervjuer genomförs med individer tillhörande andra banker, i en ansats att ge ökad generaliserbarhet. Resultatet av studien visar att barriärer som står i vägen för fortsatt digital transformation i den svenska banksektorn kan generellt kategoriseras in i följande kategorier: Föråldrad Infrastruktur, Organisationsstruktur, Organisationskultur, Incitamentstruktur, Resursbrist, Regulation, och Misslyckanden i Styrning. De lösningar och modeller som diskuterats for att adressera dessa problem inkluderade API First-baserade tillvägagångssätt, förändring driven av tvärfunktionella arbetslag, samt kollaborativ strategiformulering.
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Bennasr, Nabil. „Islamic banks facing the conventional banking sector“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0004.
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Cette thèse analyse les conséquences de l’intégration d’un milieu bancaire conventionnel pour une banque islamique. Elle est composée de trois chapitres. Un premier traité de la conformité Sharia des banques islamiques. Cette conformité est assurée par un comité de supervision éthique. Nous détaillons le rôle et les tâches de ce comité de supervision éthique et montrons comment les contraintes réglementaires internationales ainsi que la pénurie éventuelle de personnels compétents pour alimenter ces sharia boards incitent la banque islamique à externaliser ce contrôle de conformité Sharia. En se proposant sur modèle théorique inspiré de Kornai, Maskin and Roland (2003), ce premier chapitre examine ainsi l'impact de l'externalisation de ce comité sur le business model de la banque islamique. Le deuxième chapitre est essentiellement empirique : nous comparons l'efficacité des deux modèles de banque, l’un internalisant (l’autre externalisant) le processus d’examen/ validation de la conformité Sharia. Pour procéder à cette étude empirique, nous examinons un échantillon d'une centaine de banques qui se divise en deux groupes de banques un premier qui externalise le contrôle de conformité Sharia et le deuxième l'internalise. Nous montrons que les banques sont plus efficaces lorsqu'elles externalisent ce processus de conformité. Finalement, un troisième chapitre traite la question de la création de liquidité au sein des deux banques, conventionnelle et islamique. Dans ce chapitre nous développons un modèle théorique inspiré de Diamond (2007) et nous comparons la création de liquidité de ces deux banques. Nous mettons en évidences les contraintes qui pèsent sur la banque islamique, elles se manifestent dans la structure du bilan des banques islamiques, un bilan qui présente un volume important d'actifs tangibles. On montre que la structure de ce bilan limite la possibilité pour les banques islamiques de concurrencer les banques conventionnelles et ainsi remet en cause leur capacité à intégrer un milieu bancaire conventionnelThis dissertation analyses the consequences of the integration of an Islamic bank into a conventional banking environment. The dissertation is composed of three chapters. The first examines the Islamic banks' compliance, which is ensured by a supervisory ethical committee. We examine the role and the tasks of this committee in detail, showing how international regulatory constraints, as well as a general lack of individuals with the required skills to sit on the Sharia boards, provide incentives for the Islamic bank to outsource the monitoring of Sharia compliance. Basing our study on a theoretical model, inspired by Kornai, Maskin and Roland (2003), this first chapter analyses how the outsourcing of this committee has an impact on the business model of the Islamic bank. The second chapter is largely empirical; we compare the effectiveness of two bank models, one in which the Sharia compliance validation process is internal, and one in which it is external. To test this empirical study, we analyze a sample of around 100 banks which are divided into two groups, one which outsources the Sharia compliance and monitoring and one which internalizes this process. We show that banks are more effective when they outsource the compliance monitoring process. Finally, the third chapter approaches the question of liquidity creation within two types of bank: Islamic and conventional. In this chapter, we develop a theoretical model inspired by Diamond (2007) and we compare the liquidity creation process in these two banks. We demonstrate the constraints that burden the Islamic bank, shown by the high volume of tangible assets in their balance sheets. We demonstrate that the structure of this balance sheet limits the possibilities for Islamic banks to compete with conventional banks, and thus brings into question their capacity to integrate a conventional banking environment
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Dadzie, John Kwame. „The impact of banking reforms on competition and efficiency of Ghana's banking sector“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/73337/.
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African countries are pursuing financial reforms to address inhibitions to competition and efficiency of their banking sectors. This thesis focuses on Ghana which recently implemented deregulation reforms including the introduction of universal banking, the adoption of an open licensing policy to enhance contestability and competition, and the abolition of secondary reserves; and examines the impact of these reforms on banking competition and efficiency. The study uses a comprehensive and unique panel dataset of 25 banks for the period 2000-2014 which captures the pre- and post-reform periods. The study employs the persistence of profit and Boone indicator models of competition to analyse competitive conditions in the loans market. The empirical results suggest that competition initially increased following the reforms but subsequently declined as a result of macroeconomic weaknesses, in particular high interest rates, which was partly impacted by the indirect effects of the global financial crisis. The study also uses stochastic frontier analysis to examine the efficiency impacts of the reforms, as well as the role of bank ownership and size in influencing efficiency levels. Different deregulation reform indices are constructed using survey data and coding rules from two international databases on banking regulations and reforms, and captured as inefficiency covariates together with ownership and bank size in the one-step Battese-Coelli (1995) model. The findings point to an overall increase in cost efficiency following the reforms although there is non-uniformity in efficiency-impacts from the different policies. Foreign and regional banks are found to be marginally more efficient than private domestic and state-owned banks. Bank size was found to positively impact cost efficiency while the global financial crisis had an adverse impact on efficiency. The policy implications are that for African countries to benefit from financial deregulation reforms, there is the need for the reforms to be anchored on strong macroeconomic fundamentals, institutional initiatives which support these reforms, strong credit environments and appropriate sequencing of reforms.
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Jia, Mo (Maggie). „Housing market, banking sector and macroeconomy in China“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279056.
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This thesis contains three main parts. In the first part, we adapt a model developed for the US economy to the unique Chinese economic and institutional context. The uniqueness is mainly from two perspectives: the dual-channel housing financing system in China and the existence of the shadow banking sector (which differs from the shadow banking in developed economies) in China’s housing market. It would be difficult to obtain a clear picture of the Chinese housing market and macroeconomy without a thorough understanding of these two characteristics. This is due to the crucial role played by shadow banking and other informal finance institutions within the context of China in both the development and purchase of housing, in supporting productive economic activities in general, and that the housing market is in turn intricately connected to the health of the Chinese economy, being a key ‘barometer’. The second part of the research is the quantification of the determinants of the scale of shadow banking in China. The quantification is crucial since policy makers need to be aware of how sensitive shadow banking is to various factors. We develop a theoretical framework to explain the evolution of the scale of shadow banking in China. As part of this research, we investigate whether the real interest rate of household saving deposits, the required reserve ratio and bank loans to business and household are the main factors in explaining the evolution of China’s shadow banking. In the third part of research, we employ a credit risk and macroeconomic stress test to investigate the vulnerability of the commercial banks in China. Our originality here is the integration of both the role of shadow banking and housing market related loans in the commercial banks’ stress test scenarios at the macro level. Since a systematic analysis regarding the effect of changes in the macroeconomy and housing market on the credit risk of commercial banks in China is scarce, we use bank stress tests to analyse the credit risk in terms of the non-performing loans ratio of commercial banks in China; this is in response to changes in the macroeconomic factors and housing market. We address the role of the variation of the scale of shadow banking in China in terms of its contribution to the credit risk because of its uncertainty and close link with the commercial banks. Stress tests often focus on a single bank or financial institution yet we apply the same principles to examine the financial system as a whole in China, which would allow us to quantify the systemic risk in the entire Chinese financial system; and which variables, especially shadow banking contribute to the risks and by how much. This thesis contributes to the understanding of how China’s dual-channel housing finance system and shadow banking affect the evolution of house prices; and also, the main driving factors of the scale of China’s shadow banking and whether the housing market related loans and shadow banking pose risks to commercial banks. Possible research questions raised by the main findings of this thesis will enrich the debate on China’s housing market, shadow banking and regular banks, especially at a time when China is reforming its economic structure.
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Chung, Chun Pong Thomas. „Corporate governance in the banking and finance sector“. Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621335.
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The focus of this thesis is an examination of certain weaknesses in the corporate governance at UK and US banks which constituted an underlying cause of the crisis. It considers the regulatory responses to these identified weaknesses and assesses to what extent these have led to improvements in corporate governance at banks. This research is based on an examination of all the failures at UK and US banks during and after the crisis, and of its related responses. In addition to UK and US responses, several solutions to the weaknesses identified at UK and US banks are addressed through EU legislation. The conclusions are that board effectiveness was low due to a lack of knowledge and of challenging of senior management; there was a culture placing growth and profit over risk management; and remuneration was structured leading to unacceptable risk taking resulting in scandals. It is concluded that the mechanisms to limit the impact of a failure of a bank on its stakeholders were inadequate. A case study of the financial crisis in US during the 1990s is undertaken to consider whether the US regulatory response offers lessons to UK regulators and legislators. The finding is that analysis of regulation and corporate governance at banks is problematic. There were similarities between the two financial crises, the organisation and culture of the UK and US banks is so different that different regulatory responses follow.
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Sharipova, Alma. „Essays on banking sector performance in the CISs“. Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/18835/.
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This thesis consists of essays on the financial performance of the Commonwealth of Independent States’ (CIS) banking systems. Chapter 2 presents a historical overview of the financial sectors development in transition countries and the CISs in particular. It shed light on key issues of the massive changes in the financial systems of the former soviet bloc countries and their influence on the countries’ banking system landscape nowadays. This chapter aims to contribute to the better understanding of the transition processes from momobank system to two-tier banking system in the CIS countries by providing theoretical background and empirical evidence of transition processes. After more than 20 years of transition the financial systems in the CIS countries have features to different extents, which are the legacy of the former system of finance. Nevertheless, overall the banks in the CISs were transferred into commercial banks and adopted the concept of conventional banking though to different degrees across countries. One of the most important transformations in the CIS banking sectors is the ownership of banks, which were fully state-owned during the soviet times; and privatisation and liberalisation completely reshaped the ownership structure in the CISs. Moreover, the changes in regulation and supervision have critically transformed banks’ risk-taking behaviour, which is also one of the major concerns of our study. Chapter 3 examines bank performance in terms of technical efficiency with particular attention to the impact of bank ownership and risk-taking behaviour and addressing environmental effects on banks technical efficiency in the CISs. Our findings provide empirical evidence that ownership structure matters for the CIS banks efficiency. Using state-owned banks as a benchmark we found that while private banks are less technically efficient than state-owned banks in the CIS countries as well as banks with foreign majority ownership, the CIS-owned banks are more efficient than other banks in the region. Risks-taking behaviour has different impact on performance in the CIS countries. This research has found positive association between capital, credit and market risk and performance, while negative association between liquidity risks and bank performance in the CISs. Chapter 4 examines cost and profit efficiency incorporating important variables, which are considered critical for differences in efficiency, as in Chapter 3. We include ownership type, risk-taking behaviour and different environmental factors to estimate reliable cost and profit efficiency measures. Different concepts of efficiency introduced in this study extend our analysis of bank efficiency, and offer a comprehensive study of the CIS banks performance. We found that privately owned banks are less cost efficient than state-owned banks. Although foreign banks are more profitable than state-owned banks, they are as cost efficient as state-owned banks. The CIS-owned foreign banks are less cost efficient than other banks in the CIS countries. There are different impacts of risk-taking behaviour on bank cost and profit efficiency in the CIS countries. Banks with lower capital risk are more cost efficient. Higher credit risk taking is associated with lower profitability of banks. While banks with lower liquidity risk are more profit efficient, they are less cost efficient. Higher market risk is associated with less cost efficiency. Finally, there is a convergence in cost and profit efficiency scores of banks across the CIS countries indicating a process of re-integration among CIS financial systems. Chapter 5 explores the impact of competition on the stability of banks in the CIS countries. We found that competition is good for stability and verified the competition-stability nexus for the CIS countries. This study also concluded that the improvement of legal rights of borrowers and lenders and bank supervision in the CISs would contribute to banking system stability. Our concluding policy recommendation is that policymakers need to design regulations that would ensure stability and market discipline without impeding competition and efficiency of banks in the CISs.
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Adeleke, Cecily Joy. „Corporate Social Responsibility in the Nigerian Banking Sector“. ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/85.
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Corporate social responsibility is presently defined by the World Business Council of Sustainable Development as persistent commitment by businesses to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while also increasing the quality of life of employees, their families, and the community. Guided by Freeman's stakeholder theory, this study examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the Nigerian bankers' reported satisfaction with the Nigerian banking sector. Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 99 Nigerian bankers, including branch managers, zonal managers, tellers, marketers, and investors. A single-stage sampling procedure was used to elicit their satisfaction with the Nigerian banking sector and their perceptions of corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility was conceptualized as a composite variable, with dependent sub-variables of ethics, human rights, and employee rights. A Pearson's r correlation test indicated a significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and Nigerian banker satisfaction (p < .05). These findings suggest that a majority of Nigerian bankers are satisfied with the banking sector which they feel, overall, behaves in a socially responsible way, although they also noted concerns related to insider abuse and a lack of transparency among internal processes. Implications for positive social change include informing policy makers and regulatory agencies in Nigeria about changes to public policy and the regulatory banking environment about risks associated with insider abuse and other internal processes in the banking industry that may damage efforts to improve corporate social responsibility with the goal of enhancing economic development in Nigeria.
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Iren, Perihan. „Information Disclosure and Banking Sector Performance and Stability“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1277996727.
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Gunsel, Nil. „Banking sector distress in the North Cyprus economy“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31117.
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The purpose of this thesis is to empirically investigate the micro and the macro determinants of bank fragility in the North Cyprus economy over the period 1984-2002 using a multivariate logit model and logistic survival analysis. The empirical methodology employed in this analysis allows for the distinction between the determinants of the likelihood of bank failure and the survival time. Firstly, the model links the probability and the timing of banking problems to a set of bank-specific factors, then following the identification of bank-specific variables, the approach proceeds by combining these banklevel factors with the macro-environment that may have exacerbated the internal troubles of the financial institutions. The macro factors considered in the analysis are macroeconomic characteristics, financial and structural weaknesses, external shocks and potential contagion effect from Turkey.;The empirical findings suggest that capital inadequacy, low asset quality, low profitability, low liquidity, small asset size, a fall in the real GDP growth, high inflation, rising real interest rates, high credit expansion to public and private sector, a sharp increase in the real exchange rates, adverse trade shocks and high budget deficit, the ratio of M2 to foreign exchange reserves, implicit/explicit deposit insurance, financial liberalization, weak regulation and supervision and external shocks and exchange rate pressure on Turkish Lira played an important role in the escalation of the 2000-2002 banking distress in North Cyprus. Moreover, an empirical examination of the results for survival analysis reveals that low leverage, low liquidity and high credit that extended to the private sector are the main determinants of the time to banks failure in North Cyprus.;Keywords: North Cyprus economy, banking sector, bank fragility, logit, survival.
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Burden, Kevin. „Zen and the art of banking : a critical review of the Chinese banking sector“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2669.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.This study examines, broadly put, why the banking sector in China has not performed as well as other sectors of the economy when compared to international competitors, given that the economy as a whole has been performing so exceptionally at the time of writing and has been for the past two decades. The investigation examines reforms over the past twenty-six years to provide background to the issue as well as taking a view on the Chinese accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001, providing analysis as to the effects of this accession as well as viewing the undertakings China has made, in general and specific to the banking sector, in terms of World Trade Organisation membership. The methodology employed is descriptive and explanatory in nature and information is sourced from existing academic writing as well as from banking industry publications and research. The source of information for the study is mainly of a qualitative nature, including historical and historical comparative information. Furthermore, the research forms applied research in that it seeks to bring together previous basic and exploratory research in order to identify specific problems and present potential solutions. Findings in the research include the burdensome effects of state-owned enterprises on the banking sector’s largest constituents, problematic aspects of endemic non-performing loans and a culture of lapsing debt in China as well as problems regarding political interference in the banking sector by the state and local authorities. Further problems identified include reporting and supervisory concerns, taxation treatment problems and a lack of risk-based commercial lending criteria in big Chinese banks. Analysis is provided into the effect of current and past restrictions in the sector, the development and reform model China is using to globalise its banks and the 2005 investment surge into China’s bank. Recommendations are made regarding the foreign ownership of the Chinese banking sector, state recognition of bad-debts as state loans, debt-management through asset management companies and reform of the state-owned enterprises and the problems inherent to this initiative. Finally, recommendations as to the role of the regulator and the challenge of political will are highlighted.
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Al-Faidi, Al-Juhani Mohammed H. „Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) in the banking sector: An Investigation of Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) in the Saudi Banking Sector“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17372.
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The improvement of SISP practices has rapidly become one of the most critical issues facing many organisations, including banks. Globally, the banking sectors, including the Saudi one, have developed and implemented many IS strategies. Several systems have been executed to support the countries’ economies which have benefited from the increased trading resulting from the greater flexibility in time and costs associated with banking transactions. To continue these achievements and to improve SISP processes, several factors require careful investigation based on their relationship to SISP success; which include SISP objectives, SISP internal factors, external consultant functions, SISP external factors, measurements of SISP success, key stakeholders’ roles, and triggers. Therefore this study investigates the impact of these factors on SISP success. Data were collected in three phases. Phase 1 was an initial study with one or two interviews with the IT directors of each bank in the Saudi banking sector comprising the central bank and 11 commercial banks. The outcomes informed the development of a survey that was used in Phase 2; to investigate a sample containing a central bank, a domestic commercial bank and a domestic-foreign commercial bank to determine their SISP processes. 157 completed questionnaires were returned from the bank executives, business and IT directors and consultants. In Phase 3, 57 interviews confirmed and explained the quantitative results from Phase 2. Therefore, an in-depth case study was made in the three banks during Phases 2 and 3. The research results support previous findings on the SISP’s seventeen objectives collected by several researchers across different industries and in various countries. Furthermore, the research condenses these seventeen objectives into five more practical and achievable objectives for the banking sector. These are: 1) planning and deployment of information systems; 2) leading organisation changes; 3) improving stakeholders’ involvement and communication; 4) achieving the strategic priorities; and 5) alignment of organisational policies and architecture for business and IS. In addition, the findings identify the factors according to their relationship with SISP success and therefore explore several elements with positive, negative or no impact on SISP success in the banking sector. The thesis presents conclusions and suggests areas for further research.
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Sio, Ut Sim. „Economies of scale and scope in Macau's banking sector“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2147730.
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Murrawat, Adnan, und Foroozan Nasershariati. „CRM system benefits : A case study of banking sector“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13335.
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Seminar Date: 05-11-2011 Level: Master Thesis in Information Technology Management, 15ECTS Institution: School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, Malardalen University Authors: Adnan Murrawat Khan [amt1001] Foroozan Nasershariati [fni10002] Title: CRM system benefits, a case study of banking sector Supervisor: Dr Ole Liljefors Problem statement: Customer relationship management (CRM) systems have been adopted to have better relationships with customers by having detailed knowledge of their requirements through using different information technologies. Implementing CRM systems correctly can provide many of benefits both for the customers and to the business as well. Banks have large numbers of customers and to fulfill their customer requirements most banks have adopted CRM systems. This thesis tries to identify how CRM systems are helpful in the banking sector to get the benefits. Research Question: What are the benefits of implementing customer relationship management systems? Method: Research process used in this thesis is related to the realist approach . The study is structured by dividing the problem into different parts and then the relationship between them is analyzed. Both primary and secondary data collection have been used .The main method adopted to collect empirical data is open ended questionnaires. Secondary data have been collected by using the availability of Malardalen University online databases. Conclusion: Results showed that CRM system can provide a large benefit for a particular organization not only in attracting more and more customers but also in expanding business in related areas by successfully implementing CRM. To reap the benefits more care is required at the implementation stage and also by the realization of the fact that not all the benefits can be achieved at once. Keywords: CRM system, CRM successful implementation, CRM benefits, CRM customer benefits, CRM business benefits.
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Hans, Christina. „Systemic risk in the banking sector: a network perspective“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/420878.
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This thesis investigates various aspects of systemic risk in nancial networks. Chapter
1 explores the existence of a contagion channel to security returns given that banks are
connected via overlapping portfolios. Making use of a proprietary dataset on securities
held by German banks, I identify the network induced through cross holdings and
nd higher correlations among the returns on securities held by connected banks. This
contagion channel to security returns is stronger for banks which are large, highly leveraged
and highly interconnected and especially at work during the recent nancial crisis.
Chapter 2 establishes a model for bank credit risk interconnectedness based on CDS
data, in which defaults can be triggered by systematic global and country shocks as well
as idiosyncratic bank-speci c shocks. Applying the framework to a sample of large European
nancial institutions reveals that the credit risk network captures a substantial
amount of dependence in addition to what is explained by systematic factors. Chapter
3 analyzes the relation between market-based bank credit risk interconnectedness and
the associated balance sheet linkages via funding and securities holdings. Results suggest that market-based measures of interdependence can serve well as risk monitoring tools in the absence of disaggregated high-frequency bank fundamental data.Aquesta tesi investiga diversos aspectes del risc sistèmic en xarxes fi nanceres. El Capítol 1 explora l'existència d'un canal de contagi als rendiments dels actius ates que els bancs estan connectats per portafolis superposats. Fent ús d'una base de dades d'actius financers de bancs Alemanys, identi fico la xarxa induida a través de participacions creuades i trobo correlacions altes entre els rendiments d'actius en poder de bancs connectats. Aquest canal de contagi a rendiments d'actius és més fort per bancs que són més grans, altament endeutats i altament interconnectats, i es va intensifi car durant la recent crisi fi nancera. El Capíol 2 estableix un model d'interconectivitat de risc de crèdit bancari basat en dades del CDS, en el que l'impagament pot ser causat per shocks sistèmics locals o globals o per shocks específi cs dels bancs. Aplicant aquest marc de referència a una mostra d'institucions fi nanceres europees grans, es revela que el risc de crèdit de xarxa captura una part substancial de la dependència,a més del que és explicat per factors sistèmics. El Capítol 3 analitza la relació entre l'interconectivitat del risc de crèdit bancari de mercat i les connexions de balanç de situació associades via finançament i tinences de valors. Els resultats suggereixen que les mesures d'interdependència basades en el mercat serveixen bé com a eines de monitorització del risc en absència de dades bancàries fonamentals.
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Wranik-Lohrenz, Dominique Wieslawa. „Reforms of the banking sector in Poland, 1989-1995“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23553.pdf.
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Forsström, Viktor, und Karl Lind. „The Role of Uncertainty in the Scandinavian Banking Sector“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159670.
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In this thesis we analyse the impact of uncertainty shocks in the Scandinavian banking sector. We apply the spillover approach developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009; 2012; 2014), followed by network analysis. Furthermore, the dynamics of uncertainty shocks are examined by applying a quantile regression approach. We study the effects of financial uncertainty, economic policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk and housing market uncertainty on the seven banks Swedbank, Nordea, SEB, Svenska Handelsbanken, DNB, Danske Bank and Jyske Bank. We study these uncertainties on global, regional and local level between 2005 and 2018. We find that the Swedish banks are greater emitters of contagion, compared to the Norwegian and Danish banks, where SEB and Nordea are the banks emitting and receiving the most spillovers. Moreover, the connectedness within the banking sector tend to increase in times of heightened uncertainty, such as during the Global Financial Crisis and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. Global financial uncertainty is shown to affect the Scandinavian banks the most, followed by regional and local financial uncertainty. The same pattern can be seen for economic policy uncertainty, although at lower levels of spillovers. Reversely, housing market uncertainty is seen to increase going from global, regional to local, where the impact of local housing market uncertainty has a considerable amount of spillovers to the Scandinavian banks. Geopolitical risk is shown to have limited spillovers to the Scandinavian banks. The result of the quantile regressions suggests that financial uncertainty is affecting the banks’ returns negatively during bearish market conditions, whilst the relationship is positive during bullish market conditions. Moreover, we find that financial uncertainty is a quicker transmitter of spillovers than housing market uncertainty. Finally, we conclude that uncertainty shocks affecting the Scandinavian banks negatively tend to take effect instantaneously, while the effects of positive shocks are delayed.
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Baltas, Konstantinos N. „Essays in Efficiency and Stability of the Banking Sector“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/7901.
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This thesis contributes via the concept of efficiency in four distinct fields of the fi nancial economics and banking literature: technological heterogeneity, liquidity creation, profitability, and stability of banks. In Chapter 1 we motivate the analysis by presenting the main developments that have been taking place in the banking sector as far as these four elds are concerned and highlight their importance to the appropriate functioning of the nancial system and of the economy overall. In Chapter 2 we address the issue that conventional surveys on bank efficiency draw conclusions based on the assumption that all banks in a sample use the same production technology. However, efficiency estimates can be severely distorted if the existence of unobserved differences in technological regimes is not taken into consideration. We estimate the unobserved heterogeneity in banking technologies using a latent class stochastic frontier model. In order to arrive at a policy implication that is valid across time and markets, we present two applications of the model using separately data from the UK and Greek banking sector over the periods 1987-2011 and 1993-2011 respectively. To increase the precision of our inferences, we adopt two distinct empirical methodologies: a panel data method and a pooled cross-section modelling strategy. Our results reveal that bank-heterogeneity in both banking sectors can be controlled for two technological regimes. We find a trade-o¤ between the level of sophistication within a fi nancial system and its level of aggregate efficiency. Consistency among the results is established under both methodologies. Further, we propose a methodology with regard to M&As activity of UK and Greek banks within a latent class context. We examine numerous potential M&A scenarios among banks that belong to different technological regimes, and we test whether there is a transition of the new banks to a more efficient technological class resulting from this M&A activity. We find strong evidence that new financial institutions can be better equipped to withstand potential adverse economic conditions. Finally, we cast doubt on what the true motivation for M&A activity is and we extract important policy inferences in terms of social welfare. In Chapter 3 we introduce the "Cost Efficiency - Liquidity Creation Hypothesis" (CELCH) according to which a rise in a bank s cost efficiency level increases its level of liquidity creation. By employing a novel stress test scenario under a PVAR methodology, we test the CELCH and the direction of causality among liquidity creation and cost efficiency variables in the UK and Greek banking sector. Moreover using new measures of liquidity creation (Berger and Bouwman, 2009) we address the question of whether potential M&As can enhance liquidity creation and create additional credit channels in the economy. We evaluate and compare the robustness of potential consolidation scenarios by employing half - life measures (Chortareas and Kapetanios 2013). We show a positive impact of cost efficiency on liquidity creation in line with CELCH. The empirical evidence further suggests that potential consolidation activity can enhance the ow of credit in the economy. Bank shocks seem to be the most persistent on both liquidity creation and cost efficiency and the UK banking system is found to withstand more effectively adverse economic conditions. Finally, we cast doubts on the strategy followed by policy authorities regarding the recent wave of M&As in the Greek banking sector. In Chapter 4, we attempt to shed light on the trade-o¤ between fi nancial stability and efficiency. We highlight that current tests of banking efficiency do not take into account whether banks managers are taking too much or too little risk relative to the value maximising amount. We assume that moving from an intermediary bank type balance sheet to an investment bank type not only changes the risk-return combination of the balance sheet but also increases the banks degree of instability, that is the probability of insolvency when adverse effects occur. To this extent, we propose a new efficiency measure which incorporates all the aforementioned ambiguous points. An empirical investigation of US commercial banks between 2003-2012 suggests that our proposed risk-adjusted index has superior explanatory power with respect to banks profi tability and gives better predictions compared to conventional banking efficiency measures. This holds after various robustness checks. Chapter 5 summarizes the main findings of all three distinct studies and concludes by highlighting the importance and the contributing points of the thesis in the banking and financial economics literature.
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Lima, Marcus Vinicius Pereira. „A model for credit risk of banking sector Fortress“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9543.
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nÃo hÃThe paper develops a tool for modeling the bank credit risk and applies this to banking market of Fortaleza. Using data from a large commercial bank of the city for 290 customers with active accounts and minimum income of six hundred reais, were selected 23 control variables and was estimated the probability of default on the modalities check and other credit restrictions. The results showed that: i) females are less likely to face restrictions, although this is not a determinant of emissions of bad checks; ii) people who have insurance contracted with the bank showed themselves more likely to default and iii) the extent of the bank rating proposal was effective in measuring the chance of credit risk.
O trabalho desenvolve uma ferramenta para modelar o risco de crÃdito bancÃrio e aplica ao mercado bancÃrio de Fortaleza. A partir de dados de um grande banco comercial da cidade para 290 clientes com contas ativas e renda mÃnima de seiscentos reais, foram selecionadas 23 variÃveis de controle e estimou-se a probabilidade de inadimplÃncia nas modalidades cheque e demais restriÃÃes de crÃdito. Os resultados demonstram que: i) indivÃduos do sexo feminino possuem menos chance de enfrentar restriÃÃes, muito embora este nÃo seja um determinante das emissÃes de cheques sem fundos; ii) os indivÃduos que possuem seguro contratado junto ao banco apresentaram maior chance de inadimplÃncia e iii) a medida de rating proposta pelo banco se mostrou eficaz em mensurar a chance de risco de crÃdito.
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Murtaza, Ghulam. „Financial service quality : evidence from banking sector of Pakistan“. Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9c1b4bbe-3153-46ea-a5eb-6b8025f267ff.
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Williams, Guy. „Change in China's banking sector as an institutional evolution“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269533.
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This thesis explains how China’s banking system has evolved since the establishment of the socialist market economy in 1993, when the state began to develop a more standardised and robust system of banking regulation and commercialise China’s state-owned banks. China’s large state-owned banks, which were technically insolvent in the 1990s, are now some of the biggest commercial banks in the world. There has been a remarkable transformation of systems of governance and risk management across all types of banking institutions. China has developed a system of financial regulation characterised by close supervision and strong regulation of financial institutions to mitigate risk and ensure the banking system serves the real economy. This thesis has relied on qualitative research to understand this change. Interviews of a number of past and present stakeholders in China’s banking system were undertaken, including officials from the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the agency responsible for the regulation and supervision of China’s banking system since 2003. The thesis also makes use of Chinese language texts which provide the views of Chinese political leaders and banking officials with respect to reform of the banking sector. The principal conclusion of the thesis is that the development of China’s banking system can best be understood as an evolution of institutions which reflect historical patterns of political and economic organisation in China. This finding is in contrast with the main body of academic literature which evaluates the development of China’s banking system according to its degree of conformance with a neoliberal economic system. The thesis argues that policy for China’s banking sector was conceived and implemented by officials through a politically united, centrally controlled bureaucracy reflective of China’s bureaucratic tradition. China’s leaders applied the concept of ‘Chinese studies at the base, Western studies for practical use’ (中體西用zhongti xiyong), when adapting Western ideas and technology within China’s traditional political and economic system to modernise the banking sector. The deep concern of officials for financial stability caused them to gradually and pragmatically adopt international standards of financial regulation and resist policies of financial liberalisation and deregulation which were advocated by self-interested Western-educated bankers and government officials.
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Duprey, Thibaut. „Procyclicality of the banking sector : heterogeneity and extreme risk“. Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0095.
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Pendant la récente crise financière, une attention particulière a été portée à la procyclicité des intermédiaires financiers. Cette thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension de leur comportement au cours du cycle économique. Les deux premiers chapitres, en adoptant une approche plus microéconomique, analysent l'impact de certaines différences entre banques sur leur provision de crédit. Ainsi les banques détenues par l'État ont généralement une meilleure capacité d'absorption des chocs négatifs. Des cycles du crédit différenciés peuvent également résulter d'une externalité qui amène à distinguer les banques en fonction de leur efficacité dans leur acquisition d'information ; auquel cas, davantage d'hétérogénéité entre banques génère une mauvaise allocation du crédit et impacte négativement la productivité de l'économie. Dans une perspective plus macroéconomique, le troisième article se focalise sur la procyclicité du levier bancaire comme source de fragilité en cas de choc extrême. La procyclicité inhérente des forces de marché engendre une accumulation du risque, ce qui peut justifier une régulation du levier bancaire. Le dernier chapitre s'intéresse à l'interaction entre les cycles réels et financiers et permet d'identifier les événements de stress financier systémique, qui peuvent se définir comme des périodes de stress sévère et simultané sur plusieurs marchés. Ces travaux devraient contribuer à la mise en place d'un nouveau cadre réglementaire macroprudentielThe procyclicality of financial intermediaries has been a key source of concern during the recent financial crisis. This thesis sheds a new light on several aspects of their behaviour over the economic cycle. The first two chapters take a bank level approach and analyse to which extent some type of heterogeneity among banks impacts the provision of credit throughout the cycle. I document that government-owned banks are usually in a better position to lend against the wind in periods of stress. Heterogeneous lending cycles can also arise as a result of an externality among banks more or less efficient in information acquisition, in which case, more banking heterogeneity distorts the allocation of credit and is detrimental to aggregate productivity. In a more macroeconomic perspective, the third chapter focuses on the procyclicality of banks' leverage as a source of fragility in case of extreme stress. The inherent procyclicality of market forces leads to an endogeneous build up of risk, which can justify bank leverage regulations. In the last chapter I investigate the interplay between the real and financial cycles and identify systemic financial stress events that can be understood as periods of severe and simultaneous stress on several markets. This work is particularly relevant for the new macroprudential regulatory framework
49
Srour, Zainab. „Modeling and Analyzing Systemic Risk in European Banking Sector“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G007.
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Cette thèse examine le sujet du risque systémique dans trois cadres empiriques différents. A part de citer la liste des travaux existants liés au risque systémique dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons l'impact de deux facteurs de prise de risque sur le niveau de risque systémique des banques européennes. Le deuxième chapitre étudie l'impact de la structure de propriété sur la contribution du risque systémique de 79 banques dans 16 pays Européens sur la période 2004-2016. Les résultats montrent qu’une concentration plus élevée de la propriété est associée à une plus hausse contribution du risque systémique des banques. De plus, nous avons constaté que la contribution des banques au risque systémique était encore plus forte pour les banques où les investisseurs institutionnels et les États étaient les principaux actionnaires majoritaires. Nous allons plus loin et étudions l’effet des variables réglementaires sur la relation entre le risque systémique et la structure de propriété. Nous constatons que la concentration de la propriété accroît la contribution du risque systémique des banques dans les pays où la garantie des dépôts est élevée, où les fonds propres sont moins exigeants et où la diversification des actifs est plus grande. Le troisième chapitre explore l’effet d’une autre incitation à la prise de risque, la création de liquidités, sur l’exposition et la contribution des banques au risque systémique. Nous utilisons le même échantillon composé de 79 banques européennes au cours de la période 2004-2016. Les conclusions soulignent que, en temps normal, l'exposition au risque systémique des banques est aggravée par une forte création de liquidités. De plus, nous montrons que, en période de crise, une forte création de liquidité affecte négativement non seulement l’exposition des banques au risque systémique, mais également leur contribution. Le chapitre quatre examine une autre facette du risque systémique. En utilisant un échantillon de 134 banques dans 16 pays européens pendant la période 2002-2016, nous avons construit trois méthodes de prévision pour prédire la contribution et l’exposition des banques au risque systémique. Nous utilisons un réseau neurone artificiel, support vecteur machine et la spécification generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Nos résultats montrent que les réseaux de neurones artificiels à deux couches cachées surpassent les autres modèles en ce qui concerne la prévision du risque systémiqueThis dissertation investigates the systemic risk subject in three different empirical frameworks. Besides listing the existing works related to the systemic risk in the first chapter, we examine the impact of two risk-taking factors in affecting the systemic risk level of European banks. The second chapter investigates the impact of the ownership structure on systemic risk contribution of 79 banks in 16 western European countries during the 2004-2016 period. The results show that higher ownership concentration is associated with greater banks’ systemic risk contribution. Moreover, we found that banks’ systemic risk contribution is even stronger for banks where institutional investors and States are the largest controlling owners. We go deeper and investigate the effect of regulatory variables on the relationship between systemic risk and ownership structure. We find that higher ownership concentration increased banks’ systemic risk contribution in countries with high deposit insurance, lower capital stringency and higher asset diversification. The third chapter explores the effect of another risk-taking incentive, the liquidity creation, on banks systemic risk contribution end exposure. We use the same sample consisting of 79 European banks during the 2004-2016 period. The findings emphasize that during normal time, systemic risk exposure of banks are exacerbated by high liquidity creation. Moreover we show that, during distress times, high liquidity creation affects negatively not only banks exposure to systemic risk but also their contribution. Chapter four investigates a different facet of the systemic risk. Using a sample of 134 banks in 16 European countries ranging from 2002 to 2016, we construct three forecasting methods to predict systemic risk contribution and exposure values. We use artificial neural network, support vector machine and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity specification. Our results show that two hidden layers artificial neural networks outperform other models in effectively predicting systemic risk
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Toubal, Michael, und Cédric Dilé. „Blockhain Technology in The Banking Sector : Applications and Challenges“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Informationssystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446348.
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This paper researches blockchain technology applications for the banking sector and the challenges facing the adoption of the technology. Interviews were conducted with professionals with knowledge and experience about this topic. The results of the interviews were then compared with the research literature in order to gain a deeper understanding of blockchain technology in the banking sector. Some potential applications of blockchain technology for banks are clearing and settlement and anti money-laundering activities. One of the biggest challenges found is the lack of regulation regarding this technology and issues with scalability.