Dissertationen zum Thema „Digital video“

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1

Chen, Juan. „Content-based Digital Video Processing. Digital Videos Segmentation, Retrieval and Interpretation“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4256.

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Recent research approaches in semantics based video content analysis require shot boundary detection as the first step to divide video sequences into sections. Furthermore, with the advances in networking and computing capability, efficient retrieval of multimedia data has become an important issue. Content-based retrieval technologies have been widely implemented to protect intellectual property rights (IPR). In addition, automatic recognition of highlights from videos is a fundamental and challenging problem for content-based indexing and retrieval applications. In this thesis, a paradigm is proposed to segment, retrieve and interpret digital videos. Five algorithms are presented to solve the video segmentation task. Firstly, a simple shot cut detection algorithm is designed for real-time implementation. Secondly, a systematic method is proposed for shot detection using content-based rules and FSM (finite state machine). Thirdly, the shot detection is implemented using local and global indicators. Fourthly, a context awareness approach is proposed to detect shot boundaries. Fifthly, a fuzzy logic method is implemented for shot detection. Furthermore, a novel analysis approach is presented for the detection of video copies. It is robust to complicated distortions and capable of locating the copy of segments inside original videos. Then, iv objects and events are extracted from MPEG Sequences for Video Highlights Indexing and Retrieval. Finally, a human fighting detection algorithm is proposed for movie annotation.
2

Jiang, Xiaofeng. „Multipoint digital video communications“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239548.

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3

Herbland, Anthony Joël Michel. „Digital video multiplexing architecture“. Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440162.

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4

Thom, Gary A., und Edwin Snyder. „Digital Video Telemetry System“. International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608381.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
The ability to acquire real-time video from flight test platforms is becoming an important requirement in many test programs. Video is often required to give the flight test engineers a view of critical events during a test such as instrumentation performance or weapons separation. Digital video systems are required because they allow encryption of the video information during transmission. This paper describes a Digital Video Telemetry System that uses improved video compression techniques which typically offer at least a 10:1 improvement in image quality over currently used techniques. This improvement is the result of inter-frame coding and motion compensation which other systems do not use. Better quality video at the same bit rate, or the same quality video at a lower bit rate is achieved. The Digital Video Telemetry System also provides for multiplexing the video information with other telemetered data prior to encryption.
5

Shellenbarger, Daniel. „Digital video: my revelation“. The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1327339404.

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6

Eliasson, Viktor. „Digital videoregistrering“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-89823.

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This Bachelor thesis examines the possibility of replacing an outdated, analog video recording system to a digital counterpart. It is key that the video and audio signals remain synchronized, generator locked and time stamped. It is up to nine different video sources and a number of audio sources to be recorded and treated in such a manner which enables synchronized playback. The  different video sources do not always follow a universal standard, and differ from format as well as resolution. This thesis aims to compare a number of state of the art commercial of the shelf solutions with proprietary hardware. Great emphasis is placed on giving a functional view over the system features and to evaluate different compression methods. The report also discusses different transmission, storage and playback options. The report culminates in a series of proposed solutions to sub problems which are solved and treated separately, leading to a final proposal from the author. The final draft set how well the system meets pre-set requirements to price.
7

Tsoi, Yau Chat. „Video cosmetics : digital removal of blemishes from video /“. View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202003%20TSOI.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-86). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
8

Pu, Ruonan. „Target-sensitive video segmentation for seamless video composition /“. View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202007%20PU.

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9

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 00, Video 01: Introduction“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/1.

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10

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 00, Video 04: D2L“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/4.

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11

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 02, Video 01: Components“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/14.

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12

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 02, Video 04: Materials“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/17.

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13

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 02, Video 05: Rigging“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/18.

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14

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 02, Video 06: Saving“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/19.

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15

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 02, Video 10: Playblast“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/23.

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16

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 01: Terrain“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/24.

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17

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 03: Camera“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/26.

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18

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 04, Video 01: Piskel“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/35.

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19

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 04, Video 02: GIF“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/36.

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Marlow, Gregory. „Week 05, Video 04: Refining“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/40.

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21

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 06, Video 01: Graphs“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/41.

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22

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 09, Video 01: Deformers“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/63.

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23

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 11, Video 01: nParticles“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/70.

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Marlow, Gregory. „Week 11, Video 02: NCloth“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/71.

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25

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 11, Video 03: Napkin“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/72.

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26

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 13, Video 03: Skinning“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/84.

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27

Andersson, Peter. „Överföring av digital video via FireWire“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1009.

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Transmission of digital signals is today more frequently used than transmission of analog signals. One reason for this is that a digital signal is less sensitive to noise than an analog, another reason is that almost all signals today are handled in a digital format. This thesis describes the development of a system that receives digital video signals through FireWire. The standard for FireWire, which is a high performance serial bus, is under development. Today the standard of the bus supports transmission of data with a speed of up to 400 Mbit/s. In the future FireWire is supposed to transmit data with a speed of up to 3,2 Gbit/s. The thesis gives an introduction to the technique for FireWire and how it is implemented. It also includes a short description of digital video signals in DVCAM format.

28

Sandstå, Olav. „Tertiary Storage in Digital Video Archives“. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-305.

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In order to efficiently manage the large amounts of video data stored in a digital video archive, computerized management systems must be developed for storing and making the video available to users. In this thesis, we study tertiary storage technologies and storage architectures for storing and retrieving digital video in video archives.

We evaluate serpentine tape as a storage medium for digital video. In order to increase the performance of storage systems using serpentine tape, we present and evaluate a detailed access-time model for serpentine tape and a novel scheduling algorithm for optimizing concurrent accesses to the tape. The scheduling algorithm is used for evaluating serpentine tape for storing images and video sequences. The main conclusion is that by using the access-time model and the proposed scheduling algorithm, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in initial latency, average access time, and the number of requests that can be served by a single tape drive.

Tertiary storage technologies including magnetic tape and DVD are evaluated for use in digital video archives. The evaluation is performed using a simulator of the storage system of a video archive. The simulation model is based on the architecture of the Elvira~II video archive server. Different configurations for the storage system are evaluated with regards to performance and cost. In the evaluation different allocation strategies, access distributions, and user loads are studied. The effect of using a cache based on magnetic disks is investigated.

The main conclusion is that the choice of architecture and storage technology for a video archive depends on the user generated load, the size of the requested video sequences, and the access distribution for the stored videos. It also depends on whether throughput, response time, storage cost, or cost per retrieved video is the main evaluation criterion. Furthermore, we show that a video archive based on DVD as the main storage technology outperforms a video archive using magnetic tape, and that including a relatively small disk cache in most cases improves the performance and reduces the total cost of the archive.

The ideas and results presented in this thesis are also useful outside the video archive context. The strategies and results are beneficial for applications that require hierarchical storage management systems for managing large data volumes.

29

Sandidge, Matthew Jay. „Truck height determination using digital video“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44893.

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Over-height trucks are not only a hazard to the over-height trucks themselves, but they pose a threat to the bridges they come into contact with, and most importantly the other drivers on the road way when a collision takes place with a low clearance structure. Therefore, there is a need for an over-height detection system that is affordable yet also reliable. At this time there exist over-height detection systems using laser and infrared beam devices however, they are expensive. This high cost makes it impossible for Department of Transportations across the nation to implement these systems at all low-clearance headroom roadways. In this research a machine vision based system is proposed to detect the height of trucks and provide a warning for over-height vehicles. The height determination will be completed using line detection and blob tracking; these two methods will be overlapped where an upper point of the truck can be compared to a lower point on the ground. These 2D coordinates will then be translated into 3D world coordinates that will provide an approximation of the truck height. If the truck is over the set height then a warning will sound. The accuracy of the test proves that the method is a reliable method of height determination, achieving a 96.59% accuracy rate for measured trucks. The method does have an error rate of 3.3%. The merit of this work is the creation of an automatic image based method which can provide height determination of trucks and is a low cost alternative to the current expensive laser and infrared detection systems.
30

Bayrak, Serhat. „Video Stabilization: Digital And Mechanical Approaches“. Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610172/index.pdf.

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General video stabilization techniques which are digital, mechanical and optical are discussed. Under the concept of video stabilization, various digital motion estimation and motion correction algorithms are implemented. For motion estimation, in addition to digital approach, a mechanical approach is implemented also. Then all implemented motion estimation and motion correction algorithms are compared with respect to their computational times and accuracies over various videos. For small amount of jitter, digital motion estimation performs well in real time. But for big amount of motion, digital motion estimation takes very long time so for these cases mechanical motion estimation is preferred due to its speed in estimation although digital motion estimation performs better. Thus, when mechanical motion estimation is used first and then this estimate is used as the initial estimate for digital motion estimation, the same accuracy as digital estimation is obtained in approximately the same time as mechanical estimation. For motion correction Kalman and Fuzzy filtering perform better than lowpass and moving average filtering.
31

Wang, Sha. „Video quality measurement using digital watermarking“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27076.

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A 3-level DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) based objective video quality measurement method is proposed based on semi-fragile digital watermarking. The watermark is embedded into the luminance components of the Intra frames of an MPEG-2 video stream, which can be treated as images. The degradation of the watermark is used to estimate the degradation of the cover work. A quantization method is used to embed the watermark. In the watermark embedding process, 10 quantization parameters are assigned to the 10 DWT decomposed blocks which are obtained by applying 3-level DWT to the target image. And the watermark is embedded with its vulnerability adjusted according to the different frequency distribution of the content of the cover work. Automatic control is used to adjust the watermark vulnerability which is controlled by the watermark bit portions and the quantization parameters. By referring to the ideal mapping curve which is the pre-calculated relationship between the quality in terms of the classical metrics and the True Detection Rates (TDR), the TDR and quality measurement (PSNR/wPSNR/Watson JND) relationship curve of any test image can be converged to the ideal mapping curve so that the quality of the degraded image can easily measured by checking the ideal mapping curve with the TDR computed during the watermark extraction. The TDR is calculated between the original watermark and the degraded watermark. After the watermark extraction, the degradation of the extracted watermark is used to estimate video/image quality in terms of the classical metrics. By comparing the video quality estimated by the proposed method with the calculated quality in terms of PSNR, wPSNR, and JND, it is clear that the proposed method can be used to evaluate video quality against compression with high accuracy.
32

Honary, Souroush. „Advanced techniques for digital video broadcasting“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509846.

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33

Thomas, Nithin. „Transcoding architectures for encrypted digital video“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504231.

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In order to service heterogenous, variable bandwidth networks, low complexity transcoding architectures have been developed to allow modification of video bitrate. SVC, the scalable extension to H.264, was also developed for this purpose. When encrypted video is transmitted, it cannot be modified prior to decryption. Any decryption carried out at a transcoder would use security weaknesses in the network. In the above context, there is a need to develop transparent encryption techniques that allow bitrate reduction without decryption. For SVC bitstreams, an architecture called SVE is presented in this thesis to allow the full range of scalabilities to be supported without compromising quality or security. This approach is shown to outperform all existing techniques presented in the literature and shows significant potential for commercial deployment.
34

Deutermann, Alan R., und Neil C. Randall. „System Aspects of Digital Video Telemetry“. International Foundation for Telemetering, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615039.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1988 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
This paper describes a completely integrated digital video telemetry system and analyzes several critical aspects of that system. The typical video network may consist of video source signals on the ground as well as airborne while the receive site is usually ground based. Examples of system issues which will be described and analyzed are listed below. * Multi-mode operation: It is likely that a single receive site must be able to rapidly switch between video sources having different bit rates and modes of operation. One technique to achieve this capability will be presented and discussed. * Error sensitivity: It is important that the coding compression technique be resilient to transmission errors. Techniques to achieve this robustness for both synchronization and data signals will be discussed. * Data Multiplexing: From a system point of view, it is extremely efficient to multiplex other digital signals (e.g. audio, IRIG time code) with the video signal to form a single stream for encryption and transmission. A particularly efficient multiplex technique will be presented. * Diagnostics: Video telemetry systems are more effective when they contain carefully designed built-in diagnostics. Advanced concepts for both board-level and system-level diagnostics will be presented.
35

Marlow, Gregory. „Principles of Digital Animation Video Series“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-oer/2.

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The Principles of Digital Animation course provides students with an awareness of animation and other 3D industries, as well as preliminary hands-on experience in animation production. This is a collection of openly licensed videos created by Gregory Marlow for the Principles of Digital Animation course taught during the Fall 2019 semester. For ease of adopting and adapting, the streaming version is embedded for each video and the original video and subtitle files are available to download.
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-oer/1001/thumbnail.jpg
36

Freeman, William John. „Digital Video Stabilization with Inertial Fusion“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23080.

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As computing power becomes more and more available, robotic systems are moving away from active sensors for environmental awareness and transitioning into passive vision sensors.  With the advent of teleoperation and real-time video tracking of dynamic environments, the need to stabilize video onboard mobile robots has become more prevalent.

This thesis presents a digital stabilization method that incorporates inertial fusion with a Kalman filter.  The camera motion is derived visually by tracking SIFT features in the video feed and fitting them to an affine model.  The digital motion is fused with a 3 axis rotational motion measured by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) rigidly attached to the camera. The video is stabilized by digitally manipulating the image plane opposite of the unwanted motion.  

The result is the foundation of a robust video stabilizer comprised of both visual and inertial measurements.  The stabilizer is immune to dynamic scenes and requires less computation than current digital video stabilization methods.
Master of Science
37

Zammit, Saviour. „Digital video transmission over wireless networks“. Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/8058/.

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The advent of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) led to the standardisation of the first video codecs for interpersonal video communications, followed closely by the development of standards for the compression, storage and distribution of digital video in the PC environment, mainly targeted at CD-ROM storage. At the same time the second-generation digital wireless networks, and the third-generation networks being developed, have enough bandwidth to support digital video services. The radio propagation medium is a difficult environment in which to deploy low bit error rate, real time services such as video. The video coding standards designed for ISDN and storage applications, were targeted at low bit error rate levels, orders of magnitude lower than the typical bit error rates experienced on wireless networks. This thesis is concerned with the transmission of digital, compressed video over wireless networks. It investigates the behaviour of motion compensated, hybrid interframe DPCM/DCT video coding algorithms, which form the basis of current coding algorithms, in the presence of high bit error rates commonly found on digital wireless networks. A group of video codecs, based on the ITU-T H.261 standard, are developed which are robust to the burst errors experienced on radio channels. The radio link is simulated at low level, to generate typical error files that closely model real world situations, in a Rayleigh fading environment perturbed by co-channel interference, and on frequency selective channels which introduce inter symbol interference. Typical anti-multipath techniques, such as antenna diversity, are deployed to mitigate the effects of the channel. Link layer error control techniques are also investigated.
38

Faichney, Jolon. „Content-Based Retrieval of Digital Video“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365697.

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In the next few years consumers will have access to large amounts of video and image data either created by themselves with digital video and still cameras or by having access to other image and video content electronically. Existing personal computer hardware and software has not been designed to manage large quantities of multimedia content. As a result, research in the area of content-based video retrieval (CBVR) has been underway for the last fifteen years. This research aims to improve CBVR by providing an accurate and reliable shape-colour representation and by providing a new 3D user interface called DomeWorld for the efficient browsing of large video databases. Existing feature extraction techniques designed for use in large databases are typically simple techniques as they must conform to the limited processing and storage constraints that are exhibited by large scale databases. Conversely, more complex feature extraction techniques provide higher level descriptions of the underlying data but are time consuming and require large amounts of storage making them less useful for large databases. In this thesis a technique for medium to high level shape representation is presented that exhibits efficient storage and query performance. The technique uses a very accurate contour detection system that incorporates a new asymmetry edge detector which is shown to perform better than other contour detection techniques combined with a new summarisation technique to efficiently store contours. In addition, contours are represented by histograms further reducing space requirements and increasing query performance. A new type of histogram is introduced called the fuzzy histogram and is applied to content-based retrieval systems for the first time. Fuzzy histograms improve the ranking of query results over non-fuzzy techniques especially in low bin-count histogram configurations. The fuzzy contour histogram approach is compared with an exhaustive contour comparison technique and is found to provide equivalent or better results. A number of colour distribution representation techniques were investigated for integration with the contour histogram and the fuzzy HSV histogram was found to provide the best performance. When the colour and contour histograms were integrated less overall bins were required as each histogram compensates for the other’s weaknesses. The result is that only a quarter of the bins were required than either colour or contour histogram alone further reducing query times and storage requirements. This research also improves the user experience with a new user interface called DomeWorld that uses three-dimensional translucent domes. Existing user interfaces are either designed for image databases, for browsing videos, or for browsing large non-multimedia data sets. DomeWorld is designed to be able to browse both image and video databases through a number of innovative techniques including hierarchical clustering, radial space-filling layout of nodes, three-dimensional presentation, and translucent domes that allow the hierarchical nature of the data to be viewed whilst also seeing the relationship between child nodes a number of levels deep. A taxonomy of existing image, video, and large data set user interfaces is presented and the proposed user interface is evaluated within the framework. It is found that video database user interfaces have four requirements: context and detail, gisting, clustering, and integration of video and images. None of the 27 evaluated user interfaces satisfy all four requirements. The DomeWorld user interface is designed to satisfy all of the requirements and presents a step forward in CBVR user interaction. This thesis investigates two important areas of CBVR, structural indexing and user interaction, and presents techniques which advance the field. These two areas will become very important in the future when users must access and manage large collections of image and video content.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information Technology
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Talovich, Thomas L. „Digital video (DV) : a primer for developing an enterprise video strategy“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FTalovich.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Floyd J. Brock, Thomas R. Hazard. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-74). Also available online.
40

Banda, Nagamani. „Adaptive video segmentation“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3520.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 52 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-52).
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Marlow, Gregory. „Week 00, Video 05: File Storage“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/5.

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42

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 02: Boss Water“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/25.

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43

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 04: Render Engines“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/27.

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44

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 07: Arnold Lighting“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/30.

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45

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 08: Arnold Materials“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/31.

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46

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 09: Render Settings“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/32.

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47

Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 10: Compiling OpenShot“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/33.

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Marlow, Gregory. „Week 03, Video 11: Compiling Premiere“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/34.

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Marlow, Gregory. „Week 05, Video 01: Keyframe Manipulation“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/37.

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Marlow, Gregory. „Week 06, Video 03: Interpreting Curves“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/43.

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