Dissertationen zum Thema „Digital public stage“

Depuis 2017, le monde a vu un nouveau réseau social numérique venirs’ajouter à la liste de ceux déjà existant : TikTok. Outre un usage récréatif, la plateforme est devenue un outil transversal, servant la visibilité à la fois des entreprises, des groupes militants, des personnalités publiques et politiques mais également permettant à des communautés de se regrouper et d’échanger. Mobiliser un hashtag va permettre aux individus de se réunir et de se reconnaitre. C’est là le point de départ de cette thèse car l’utilisation de hashtag permet à TikTok de référencer du contenu afin de construire sa base de données. L’objectif est donc de comprendre le fonctionnement d’une mobilisation socio-numérique par et pour le grand public à l’aide d’un hashtag.L’étude s’axe sur une mobilisation lycéenne qui a eu lieu en France en 2020, le #lundi14septembre, lors de laquelle des filles ont réclamé le droit de se rendre au lycée vêtue d’un crop top.Ayant constaté l’illusion d’un espace public numérique et d’une dimension militante, cette thèse démontrera que les caractéristiques des mobilisations socio-numériques donnent lesentiment d’une parole plus égale sans pour autant s’inscrire dans un réel processus démocratique. En comprenant les enjeux derrière une mobilisation sur TikTok, ce travail démontrera que les mobilisations socio-numériques sont symptomatique de notre société moderne vers des nouvelles caractéristiques où l’individu prend le pas sur le collectif et la cause sociale devient secondaire à des recherches de visibilité, d’émancipation et de reconnaissance
Since 2017, the world has seen a new digital social network added to the list of existing ones: TikTok. In addition to recreational use, the platform has become a cross-disciplinary tool, serving the visibility of businesses, activist groups, public figures and politicians alike, but also enabling communities to come together and exchange. Mobilizing a hashtag allows individuals to come together and recognize each other. Thisis the starting point of this thesis, as the use of hashtags enables TikTok to reference content in order to build up its database. The aim is therefore to understand how socio-numerical mobilization by and for the general public works using a hashtag.The study focuses on a high school mobilization that took place in France in 2020, #lundi14septembre, during which girls demanded the right to go to school wearingcrop tops. Having noted the illusion of a digital public space and a militant dimension, this thesis will demonstrate that the characteristics of socio-numerical mobilizations give the feeling of amore equal voice without actually being part of a real democratic process. By understanding the stakes behind a mobilization on TikTok,this work will demonstrate that socio-numerical mobilizations are symptomatic of our modern society's move towards new characteristics where the individual takes precedence over the collective, and the social cause becomes secondary to the search for visibility, emancipation and recognition

The study of e-governance in developing nations is informed by the idea that new technologies, reshaping the very nature of public services, can generate better outcomes in their provision. Beyond objective changes in governance infrastructures, the subjective perception of the state, as it is constructed by service recipients, is exposed to a parallel process of change, whose study has generated a novel research domain in the field of egovernance for development. With a view of contributing to this domain, this thesis studies the role of ICTs in processes of image formation on the state, as experienced by citizens in a developing country context. The theory on which the thesis is developed views technology as embedded in its sociopolitical context, and conceives e-governance as implicated in the reconstruction of images of the state. This vision is applied to the computerization of the main food security programme in India, the Public Distribution System (PDS), as it has been devised and implemented in the state of Kerala. Through an interpretive case study of the object at the core of computerization, known as the Electronic Public Distribution System or e-PDS, the thesis investigates the ICT-led processes of image construction by the state, and the ways in which citizens, confronted with new images, structure their perception of these. Through inclusion of front-end PDS services in existing infrastructure, and through the inscription of a clear problem-solution nexus in e-PDS, the state is found, as expected, to be using e-governance as a means to reconstruct its own image. At the same time, though, the loci of image formation that are found in citizens (direct experience, social networks, and political circuits) systematically escape control by governmental action, and seem to be, in fact, only marginally touched by the ICT-induced reinvention of governance. The thesis results, therefore, in an extension of existing theory in this respect: the capability of the state to reconstruct its image, through the usage of new technologies, is limited by the spaces of image formation which citizens experience in their daily lives.

Research workflows in higher education have converged onto digital formats. While the technology to store data has improved at an increasing pace, personal and organizational behaviors have not adapted as rapidly. The study sought ways to communicate digital preservation skills to researchers to improve the permanency of their research data. This study proposes three temporal contexts digital ? short-term, long-term and trans-generational. Study questions asked selected participants about how they manage their digital data. The study used Diffusion of Innovation theory concepts within an Activity Theory construct and the Open Archive Information System to model key areas of transformation. The key areas were determined by analysis of interviews, surveys and institutional data. The model provides a new way to understand the complex set of issues that can inhibit data preservation. The study used descriptive statistics and social network analysis to elaborate ways to transmit new data preservation attitudes and behaviors more effectively. In particular, the data management plan requirement for National Science Foundation grant submissions was found to be a potentially powerful motivator for a limited number of researchers. The study found that there is an opportunity for the institution to create group activities, such as workshops, that specifically include faculty with NSF grants and those who share other grant submission experience with them. The study also found that information technology staffs need to understand research problems from the researcher perspective better to overcome some trust issues. Finally, campus leadership needs to identify their role in addressing the issue for the long-term benefit of the institution. Strategic goals are an important first step. Building a robust digital preservation environment is an iterative process dependent on many perspectives. The goal of this research is to speed the process by developing a systems-level model for exposing problem areas.

This dissertation explores both the evolving nature of the public encounter--where state and citizen meet--and the virtual civic space in which the meeting occurs through an examination of selected state and federal web sites. The examination uses multiple qualitative measures and an architectural perspective to bridge the gap between traditional physical-space based government and the virtual-space of e-government. The research focuses on identifying salient e-government issues and explicating their implications for public encounters, public administration practitioners and scholars, and traditional government institutions. The implications of e-government on the exercise of administrative discretion, the digital divide, and policy making are explored. Select prescriptions are offered for public administration education, practitioners and scholars. E-government architecture is conceptualized along two dimensions: the normative and the aesthetic. The normative dimension refers to the extent to which certain key norms or values are fulfilled or emphasized in web site architecture while the aesthetic dimension refers to whether certain technical features of what is considered good message design or high message quality are present. The normative tradition of public administration in combination with prior e-government research is used to construct evaluation criteria for assessing latent public values contained in government web site features and content. Information architecture, information presentation, and instructional message design literature are used to construct aesthetic criteria for determining the message character of web sites. Focus groups and a survey questionnaire are used to both challenge and triangulate the web site data analysis. An argument is made for eliminating the distinction or dichotomy between the two modes of government action--traditional and that of e-government. A unification of the two is proposed as part of an overall strategy for addressing the restructuring and reorganization of extant institutional arrangements necessary to support an integrated approach to e-government and traditional service delivery. Caution is urged with respect to proposals for embedding government services and information within existing commercial and entertainment web sites lest democratic values be subordinated to financial interests.
Ph. D.

With this work, our aim is to analyze how and why the different approaches to model and measure the Information Society have determined what is meant by the concept of access to Information and Communication Technologies and digital development. And, based on this first analysis, work on and propose a 360º digital framework that can serve policy-making while, at the same time, be able to state whether and why governments should seek to foster the development of the Information Society.
Thus, the goal of this research is to identify the relevant factors that promote digital development, to define and describe - on that basis - its different stages and to explain the causes why a particular country might therefore be classified as a digital leader or a laggard and, lastly, answer whether and why governments should foster the Information Society.
To address this goal we have split our research into three main areas:
Analyzing the available tools for measuring the digital economy; and
Defining the stages of digital development, their characteristics and their causes; in particular, isolating the role of the public sector.

In the first area of research we cover the impact of ICTs, the concepts of access and the digital divide and the need to foster digital development. Our research questions in this area are:
What is "access"? What are its components?
What are the main approaches to defining access and why?
Is there any evidence that access to ICTs has had a positive or negative impact on the general socio-economic development of a country?
Why may there be a lack of access in a particular country or region, or to use a more familiar term, a "digital divide"?
Is it worthwhile for governments to attempt to foster digital development to accelerate the positive impacts of access to ICTs?

The second research theme explores, broadly and in depth, the ways in which access, digital development and the digital divide have been measured over the years, in particular through the use of composite indices. The related research questions are as follows:
What are the main models that depict digital development?
What are the approaches that these models follow to describe digital development?
What are the consequences of the different approaches followed in defining digital development models?

The third and final research theme focuses on the different stages, or phases, of digital development, their main characteristics and the reasons why digital development at the country level might be unevenly distributed.
Can we group countries according to their different levels of digital development and thus define a comprehensive model for measuring it?
What are the characteristics that enable us to cluster together countries according to their specific level of digital development?
What are the characteristics that distinguish between different levels of digital development?
Why some countries are more digitally developed than others?

The findings and reflections arising from these research questions should enable us to test the general hypothesis that guides our research. We believe that narrow institutional interests and a lack of appropriate data have led to a biased or fragmented measurement of digital development that is often focused on specific purposes. But if digital development is conceived as a continuum and described by means of a comprehensive model, then, at the country level, it can be observed that digital development happens in stages. These stages can be characterized by common features and distinguished by the scores achieved on certain key indicators. The improvement of its general economic indicators - such as income and wealth - characterizes the progression of a country along this continuum depends mainly on. Besides these basic economic aspects, if there is an appropriate Economic Incentive Regime, strong Government prioritization of ICT and a high importance afforded to ICTs in the Government's vision of the future, then digital development is much more likely to happen. In some cases, these policies may allow leapfrogging so that a country can progress faster in its digital development than would be predicted by its general level of economic development.

Net neutrality is currently one of the most topical government policies up for debate. In the following paper, I will examine three cases in which net neutrality has been threatened by internet service providers and the Federal Communications Commission and reinforced by public interest groups, major website companies, and the public. The online regime has been a critical instrument in the outcome of all three cases, highlighting the role and influence of internet users in the virtual and physical public spheres. Some say that the battle is already lost. FCC Chairman Ajit Pai and his Republican majority in the agency are set on and have the capacity to push through legislation that will undo strict regulation of ISPs set by the Obama administration. The vote has yet to take place later this month, but the result should not detract the democratic nature and value from the decade-long debate. Net neutrality has been demonstrative of a civil society, one that uses all the tools, techniques, and platforms available to them in the fight against corporate interest. For its relation to First Amendment rights, its goals of redeeming public interest to rightful owners, and its use of new public spheres to organize civic participation, net neutrality is not only necessary for the success of the Internet, but the debate around it is also indicative of and essential to the growth of democratic debates around public policy.

Ces travaux portent sur la recomposition du droit public du fait du numérique. Il s’agit donc d’étudier la transformation des principaux concepts du droit public afin d’identifier ce qui résiste, ce qui se transforme et ce qui disparaît après que le numérique infléchisse les comportements et les activités. Ce sera l’occasion d’évoquer les objets nouveaux du numérique et voir leur compatibilité avec le droit public et le droit de manière globale. Également, l’opportunité sera donnée de réfléchir sur l’appropriation juridique des comportements et des formations réticulaires en vigueur dans les usages qui font appel aux technologiques numériques. Partant, il s’agira de réinsérer le droit public dans le paradigme du réseau numérique afin d’y dégager les moyens de repenser les moyens d’intervention de l’État sur les activités numériques et notamment les activités économiques numériques. De cette manière, il s’agit globalement de réfléchir sur la transformation conceptuelle du droit public face à la transition numérique de l’État face aux nouveaux impératifs que le numérique présente à lui
This work is about the reconstruction of the public law because of digital new uses, reviewing the transformation of the main public law concepts. This in order to identify which concepts can withstand, change or disappear because digital new uses. This will be the moment to mention the new digital items, to confront their compatibility by the public law. Moreover, we will consider how the public law is able to comprehend news uses and digital reticulated communication structures. Then, the purpose of this work is to reintegrate public law into the network paradigm in order to find out the ability for the public government to take part efficiently in most digital activities and digital business activities. In this way, we will be able to design how to guide the conceptual transformation of the public law in the digital transition of the government facing new digital challenges

Cette thèse propose un examen empirique du programme de modernisation de l’État articulé en France, entre 2014 et 2017, autour du concept d’« État plateforme » et interroge l’intérêt étatique pour la modernité technologique des administrations — souvent qualifiée de numérique. Le cahier des charges confié aux modernisateurs de l’État était le suivant : simplifier la réalisation des démarches administratives des usagers, évaluer et améliorer la qualité des services publics, investir dans des équipements informatiques communs aux administrations, expérimenter de nouveaux modes de gouvernement ; le tout en faisant participer les usagers et les agents publics. Ce programme d’action ne prétendait pas transformer tout l’État, je soutiens qu’il se présenterait plutôt comme une boursoufflure technologique sur le paysage administratif, un pli. Pour rendre compte de ce nouveau monde de la modernisation et de ces conséquences politiques et matérielles, mon travail se positionne au croisement des études des sciences et des techniques, de la sociologie de l’activité et de la sociologie de l’État. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans le service du Premier ministre responsable de l’activité coordonnée de réforme de l’État, j’analyse cette modernisation en train de se faire, sous la forme alors déterminante des projets. La thèse s’ouvre sur un état des lieux des littératures sur la réforme de l’État et les phénomènes de modernisation. Elle est ensuite divisée en quatre chapitres, chacun retraçant un projet. Tous les projets instrumentés par le design, l’ergonomie, l’informatique, l’économie et la sociologie parcourent une facette de l’action coordonnée de transformation technologique de l’État, en même temps qu’ils explorent un lieu de l’État
This thesis offers an empirical examination of the programme of state modernization developed in France, between 2014 and 2017, around the concept of the ‘Platform State’. It examines the state’s interest for the technological modernity of public administrations – often labelled digital. The state modernisers’ mandate was as follows: simplify the implementation of administrative procedures, assess and improve the quality of public services for users, invest in digital infrastructure, experiment with new modes of government, involve users and public officials. This programme did not claim to transform the state as a whole. I argue that it constituted rather a technological swelling on the administrative landscape, a fold. To account for this new world of modernisation and its political and material consequences, my work is positioned at the crossroads of science and technology studies, the sociology of activity and the sociology of the state. Based on an ethnographic study carried out in the Prime Minister’s department in charge for the coordinated activity of state reform, I analyse this modernisation in-the-making as a process, and a project. The thesis starts with review of the literature on the reform of the state and the phenomena of modernisation. It is then divided into four chapters, each analysing one specific project. All projects, instrumented by design, ergonomics, computer science, economics and sociology, engage different facets of the state’s transformation, and explore different sites of the state

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Políticas públicas educacionais, com o objetivo de inserir tecnologias digitais nas escolas públicas têm sido implementadas, a partir da década de 1980, em tese, a partir de um regime de cooperação e colaboração, que tem envolvido todos os níveis de governo - estadual, municipal e federal -, indústrias, empresas, escolas e universidades. Até o século XX, estas políticas eram materializadas com a implantação de laboratórios de informática, onde era disponibilizado até 20 computadores por instituição. A partir do século XXI, o governo federal começou a comprar e distribuir dispositivos móveis, como laptop e tablets. O que temos observado na implementação dessas políticas é a ausência de diálogo – entre Ministério da Educação, escolas e universidades - que desencadeia insuficiências nos projetos e programas, quanto a problemas de infraestrutura das escolas, limitações de hardware e software nos equipamentos e a velocidade insuficiente da internet, o que tem impactado diretamente nas atividades propostas/desenvolvidas nesse cotidiano. Dessa situação, brotaram nossas questões de pesquisa: quais as possibilidades de articulação entre as instâncias de governo, responsáveis por essa política, e destas com as empresas, universidades e escolas envolvidas nesse processo? As responsabilidades previstas, definidas no Projeto para cada ente federado, para implementação das suas ações estão sendo observadas? Existem relações com políticas públicas em áreas afins para fortalecimento e execução das ações pensadas para inserção das tecnologias nas escolas? Se existem, como elas acontecem? Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Para construção das informações no campo, optamos por entrevistas, observações e pesquisa documental. A amostra foi composta por dez escolas do Estado da Bahia, participantes da fase piloto de um Projeto do governo federal, denominado Um Computador por Aluno (UCA). Dentre os resultados, destacamos: essas ações tem se constituído como política de governo e não de Estado; não há relações com políticas em áreas afins; apesar de estados e municípios terem firmado termo de cooperação técnica para implementação do Projeto, as insuficiências desses entes, no que tange a recursos financeiros, possivelmente compromete a efetivação do que foi pactuado.
ABSTRACT Educational public policies with the purpose of inserting digital technologies in public school's everyday have been implemented from the 1980s, in theory, from a regime of cooperation and collaboration, which has involved all levels of government - state, municipal and federal -, industries, companies, schools and universities. Until the twentieth century, these policies were materialized through the installation of computer labs, in which were available up to 20 computers per institution. From the twenty-first century, the federal government started buying and distributing mobile devices such as laptops and tablets.We have been observing, in the implementation of this policies, that there is a lack of dialogue - between the Ministry of Education, Schools and Universities - which triggers insufficiences in the projects and programs, regarding problems related to the schools‟ infrastructure, hardware and software limitations in the equipments, and the insufficient internet speed, which has directly impacted in the activities proposed and developed in this routine. From this situation, sprouted our research questions: What are the possibilities of coordination between levels of government, responsible for this policy, and those with companies, universities and schools involved in this process? The responsibilities foreseen, defined in the Project for each federated entity to implement their actions are being observed? Are there relationships with public policy in related areas for strengthening and execution of actions designed for insertion of technology in schools? If there are, how do they happen? This is a qualitative research, the nature of the study is focused on critical ethno-research. To the construction of information in the field, we chose interviews, observations and documentary research. The sample was consisted of all the schools in the State of Bahia, the participants of a project of the federal government in its pilot phase, known as Um Computador por Aluno (UCA). Among the results, we highlight: these actions have been established as government policy and not State; there are no relations with policy in related areas; despite of the state and municipalities enter into technical cooperation agreement for implementation of the Project, the shortcomings of these entities, in which refers to financial resources, possibly compromise the realization of what was agreed

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka användarmedverkan vid utveckling av digitala tjänster hos statliga förvaltningsmyndigheter i Sverige. Tidigare har forskning fokuserat på att undersöka kommuner och deras involvering av användaren vid utveckling av tjänster. Forskning visar att tjänstemän i kommuner har en mer negativ attityd gentemot utveckling av tjänster och därmed negativa till involveringen av användaren i utvecklingen. Anledningen beror på att det är ett tidskrävande arbete som inte har ekonomisk nytta och där det inte finns tillräckligt med kunskap hos de anställda för att driva arbetet med användaren. Litteraturen är idag flera år gammal och i behov av uppdatering. Utöver det har forskningens mål tidigare varit kommuner och därmed skiftas fokuset här till högre organ, nämligen statliga förvaltningsmyndigheter. Studien har utgått utifrån en kvalitativ metod med inslag av abduktiv ansats, där semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med nio anställda verksamhetsutvecklare och UX-designers från fem olika myndigheter: Arbetsförmedlingen, CSN, Skatteverket, Tillväxtverket och Transportstyrelsen. Resultatet visar att användarmedverkan bedrivs, dock till en begränsad nivå. Myndigheterna har en betydligt mer positiv inställning till involvering av användaren jämfört med kommunernas tjänstemän och det finnsdessutom en önskan att involvera användaren ytterligare. Utmaningar som påverkar till vilken grad användarmedverkan bedrivs är bland annat bristande resurser som budget och relevant kompetens hos anställda. Den mest förekommande utmaningen är dock bristande tid, där reformer från regeringen orsakar korta deadlines, varav myndigheterna tvingas släppa arbetet med användaren och fokusera på det nyinkomna, statliga uppdraget. Studien ökar förståelsen för de statliga myndigheternas arbetssätt och bidrar till framtida forskning, i hopp om att öka kunskapen och ta itu med utmaningarna som de anställda ställs inför vid utveckling av tjänsterna.
The aim of this study has been to examine government agencies’ user participation of citizens, when developing public e-services. In previous research papers, the aim of the studies have been to examine municipalities and their involvement of users in the development of public e-services. The studies show that the officials have a negative attitude towards the development of services and consequently, being negative towards involving the user in the process. The reason for this being, a time-consuming work that has no financial benefits and the employees not having enough knowledge to work with the user. However, those studies are many years old and in need of an update. Moreover, researchers’ aim has previously been municipalities, and therefore the focus is now shifting to higher grounds, namely state agencies. This study is based on a qualitative method with an abductive approach, where semi-structured interviews have been conducted with nine government employees, possessing roles such as business developers and UX-designers, from five different government agencies: The Swedish Public Employment Service, The Swedish Board of Student Finance, The Swedish Tax Agency, The Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth, and The Swedish Transport Agency. The results show that user participation is managed, although to a certain extent. The agencies have a more positive attitude to the involvement of users, compared to the municipalities, and there is a wish to include the user even more. The challenges that affect to what degree the user is involved, are lack of resources, such as budgets and lack of employee-competence. The most recurring challenge however, is time, where legal reforms from the government cause short deadlines, of which the agencies are forced to drop the user-based work and focus on implementing the new laws.The study increases the understanding of the agencies’ work and contributes to future research, in hopes of increasing the knowledge and learning ways to deal with the challenges the employees are faced with when developing public e-services.

Online disinformation damage on the world’s democracy has been critical. Yet, states fail to handle online content harms. Due to exception from legal liability for hosted content, Facebook, used by a third of the world population, operates ‘duty-free’ along with other social media companies.Concerned with solutions, this has given rise to the idea in studies that social resistance could be one of the most effective ways for combating disinformation. However, how exactly do we resist, is an unsettled subject. Are there any socially-driven processes against disinformation happening out there?This paper aimed to identify such processes for giving a boost to theory-building around the topic. Two central evidence cases were developed: #IAmHere digital movement fighting disinformation and innovative tool ‘Who is Who’ for distinguishing fake accounts. Based on findings, I argue that efforts by even a very small part of society can have a significant impact on defeating online disinformation. This is because digital activism shares phenomenal particularities for shaping online political discourse around disinformation. Tools such as ‘Who is Who’, on the other hand, build social resilience against the issue, also giving boost digital activists for mass reporting of disinformation content. User-driven solutions have significant potential for further research.Keywords: Online disinformation; algorithms; digital activism; user-driven solutions.

This thesis provides an ethnography and critical phenomenology of undocumentedness in the Swedish context. By attending to the forces and processes that circumscribe the life-worlds of undocumented persons, as well as the phenomenology and essential experiences of their condition, a complex and multi-layered illustration of what undocumentedness is and means is successively presented. Employing a dual conceptualization of the state, as a juridico-political construct as well as a practiced and embodied set of institutions, the undocumented position emerges as a legal category defined only through omission, produced and reproduced through administrative routine and practice. The health care sector provides empirical examples of state-undocumented interaction where the physical and corporeal presence of the officially absent becomes irrefutable. This research suggests that the Swedish welfare state – universalistic, comprehensive and with digitized administrative routines – becomes a particularly austere environment in which to be undocumented. Drawing on interviews with regional and local health care administrators, NGO-clinics’ representatives and health professionals, as well as extensive participatory observation and interviews with undocumented persons, I argue that the undocumented condition is characterized by simultaneous absence and presence, and a correspondingly paradoxical spatiality. I suggest that the official absence and deportability of undocumented persons deprives them of the capacity to define space and, in an Arendtian sense, appear as themselves to others. There are, however, some opportunities for embodied political protest and dissensus. The paradoxical qualities of the absent-present condition manipulate the undocumented mode of being-in-the-world and I argue that alienation and disorientation are essential experiences of the undocumented situation.

Предметом дослідження є процес організації надання електронних послуг у діяльності органів державного управління. Об’єктом дослідження є механізми та методи підвищення ефективності надання електронних послуг державними органами влади. Метою роботи є розвиток теоретичних положень та вироблення практичних рекомендацій щодо удосконалення організації надання електронних послуг у діяльності органів державного управління. Методи дослідження: системний аналіз, факторний аналіз, структурний аналіз, теоретичне узагальнення. Практичне значення результатів дослідження полягає у виробленні практичних рекомендацій щодо удосконалення організації надання електронних послуг у діяльності органів державного управління, які можуть бути використані в діяльності Управління Державної міграційної служби України в Тернопільській області.
The subject of research is the process of organizing the provision of electronic services in the activities of public administration. The object of research is the mechanisms and methods of improving the efficiency of electronic services by public authorities. The purpose of the work is the development of theoretical provisions and the development of practical recommendations for improving the organization of electronic services in the activities of public administration. Research methods: systems analysis, factor analysis, structural analysis, theoretical generalization. The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of practical recommendations for the improvement of organizing the provision of electronic services by public administration bodies, which can be used in the activities of the Department of the State migration service of Ukraine in Тernopil region.
Вступ…8. Розділ 1 Теоретичні та правові засади надання електронних послуг державними органами влади України…10. 1.1 Поняття електронних послуг в Україні…10. 1.2 Правове регулювання надання електронних послуг державними органами влади України…19. 1.3 Виявлення проблем у розвитку надання електронних послуг державними органами влади…25. Розділ 2 Сучасний стан надання електронних послуг Державною міграційною службою України…30. 2.1 Організаційно-правові засади та результати діяльності Управління Державної міграційної служби України в Тернопільській області…2.2 Сучасний стан надання електронних послуг в Управлінні Державної міграційної служби України в Тернопільській області…43. 2.3 Аналіз «вузьких місць» у системі надання електронних послуг…48. Розділ 3 Удосконалення надання електронних послуг Управлінням Державної міграційної служби України в Тернопільській області…53. 3.1 Дослідження перспектив удосконалення надання електронних послуг в Державній міграційній службі України та її територіальних органах…53. 3.2 Електронне інформування про наближення спливу терміну зберігання оформленого і не виданого документа…56. 3.3 Організація відкритих Wi-Fi зон у адмінприміщеннях…67. Розділ 4 Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях…75. 4.1 Організація охорони праці в Управлінні Державної міграційної служби України в Тернопільській області…75. 4.2 Дослідження факторів впливу на функціональний стан персоналу державних органів влади, що надають електронні послуги населенню…79. Висновки та пропозиції…83. Бібліографія…85. Додатки…94.

La thèse porte sur l’émergence et la transformation des politiques numériques, plus particulièrement en France à partir des années 1990. Face à la concurrence des acteurs techniques et aux institutions d’une gouvernance multipartite des réseaux, elle propose d’élucider les conditions de possibilité (et d’impossibilité) d’une intervention publique sur internet. Alors que les travaux sur la révolution numérique ont souvent négligé le rôle qu’y ont joué les acteurs publics, cette recherche réinscrit l’étude du gouvernement de l’internet dans l’espace administratif, en tenant compte de ses luttes internes et de ses échanges avec les univers militants, économiques ou scientifiques. L’enquête multi-site combine ainsi l’observation de collectifs d’internautes mobilisés à celle de l’État au quotidien, à partir d’un cabinet ministériel. Elle articule de nombreux entretiens avec l’analyse quantitative des réseaux d’action publique et s’appuie également sur l’étude de rapports publics et des archives du web. On montre alors comme les agents bureaucratiques se sont progressivement approprié la révolution numérique, l’ont accompagnée et en ont importé les logiques au sein de l’État, participant à la transformation plus générale de l’action publique. Contribution à l’analyse des politiques publiques et à l’étude des recompositions de l’État, la thèse permet ainsi d’éclairer les mécanismes et les stratégies par lesquelles les élites préservent leur capacité d’action dans une société bouleversée par la diffusion des nouvelles technologies
This research deals with the conception and evolution of Internet policies, more specifically in France from the mid-1990’s onwards. It investigates the possibility of government intervention in a social space marked by decentralized governance and strong technical impediments. To this day, little attention has been devoted to the part played by state elites in governing the digital revolution : this research hence studies internet policies in the light of bureaucratic mechanisms at stake in internet policies, taking into account conflicts within the administration and the relationships of public actors with activists, scientists or private interests. The fieldwork combines the observation of digital protest groups and an account of a government cabinet’s everyday life. This dissertation also relies on a network analysis, the study of administrative reports and Web archives as well as on numerous interviews. It evidences how public actors have adapted to the Internet revolution, by contributing to this phenomenon and spreading its logics inside the bureaucratic structures, and how they have finally changed the design and implementation of public policies in the digital age. The dissertation offers a contribution to the analysis of modern state transformation and policy change, as it clarifies the ways in which state elites preserve their ability to govern a society transformed by technology

For many years, Sweden has had a reputation for having a comprehensive and women friendly welfare state. However, as in many other European countries during the past few decades, the organization and governing of welfare has undergone profound changes. Through interviews with social workers and the application of theories of governmentality, this thesis analyzes the expressions and consequences of such current organization and governing. One result is that the introduction of meticulous documentation practices of social workers contact with clients, regulate their interaction and constitute a control over both client and social worker. Another result is that the current organization fragments labor and awards more authority to managers, which functions to produce loyalty to the organization and management, rather than clients. This is expressed in demands not to voice protest, as it is said to create a bad mood. It is also expressed in demands to spend as little as possible on clients; short duration of treatment, preference for outpatient treatment and by making it difficult to receive financial support. This austerity is legitimized through the intermeshing of different ideals; budget awareness, evidence that supports short and outpatient treatment and that clients in order to change their course of life should to be allowed or coerced into taking individual responsibility. Another important finding is that the current governing and organization of social work produce distance and detachment, and thus discourage caring subjects. This is a complex process in which an assemblage of different techniques and rationalities undermines the cultivation of a relationship between social worker and client. 1) The ideal of evidence-based practice favors rigid methods over a flexible and holistic approach. 2) Ideals of rationality, closely connected to notions of masculinity and professionalism, value objectivity and devalue and deter the surfacing of emotions. 3) Meticulous practices of documentation reduce the amount of time available to meet clients. 4) Ideals and particular methods designed to promote individual responsibility in clients legitimize social workers distancing themselves from clients’ dependency and needs. 5) A division of labor, in either assessment or treatment, reduces time spent with clients for those who work with assessment and ultimately engage in the rationing of resources. 6) Standardized digital templates, installed to aid in assessments, regulate and proceduralize interactions with the client. 7) Austerity, heavy workloads, individualized responsibility and stress further accentuate distance, as detachment becomes a means to cope with arduous working conditions. The transformation of social work described above produces alienation and a fragmentation of social workers’ collective subjects. Simultaneously, an ethos of caring makes some social workers work extra hard to provide for clients, which ultimately covers for flaws in the system. Although such an ethos of caring allows for the further exploitation of social workers, it is also understood as a means of resistance, which in turn also forms the basis for organized resistance.
Sverige har ett internationellt rykte för att ha en omfattande och kvinnovänlig välfärd. Även om riktigheten i en sådan uppfattning sedan länge ifrågasatts har på senare år, likt i många andra Europeiska länder, det svenska välfärdssystemet genomgått en omfattande förändring i avseende på dess räckvidd, men också dess organisering och styrning. Fokus för denna studie är just denna organisering och styrning, och mer specifikt, hur detta påverkar ett av välfärdens kanske mest centrala område: socialt arbete. Genom att intervjua socialarbetare undersöks i denna studie uttryck för och konsekvenser av en sådan förändring, bland annat genom att undersöka hur könsbundna föreställningar och förväntningar är sammanflätade med det sociala arbetets organisering och styrning. I studien konstateras att socialarbetare erfar att deras arbete genomgått omfattande förändringar, vilket kopplas ihop med både organiseringen och styrningen av det sociala arbetet. Detta uttrycks både i de ideal som kringgärdar arbetet men också i dominerande arbetssätt. En sådan förändring är införandet av  omfattande dokumentationsprocedurer av socialarbetarens arbete och kontakt med klienter, vilket medför att kontakten med klienterna blir ytligare. Dokumentationsprocedurerna utgör också en sorts kontroll av både klienterna och socialarbetarna själva. En annan förändring som konstateras är att nya organisationsmodeller och en förändrad ledarskapskultur skapar förväntningar på socialarbetarna att vara lojala med organisationen och ledningen snarare än klienterna. Bland annat utrycks detta genom förväntningar att inte protestera och skapa dålig stämning på arbetsplatsen, men också genom uttalade krav att spendera så lite resurser som möjligt på klienterna; korta behandlingstider, öppenvårdsalternativ och orimligt hårda krav för att få ekonomiskt bistånd. Detta legitimeras genom sammanväxningen av flera olika ideal; budgetmedvetenhet, att klienter inte mår bra av långa institutionsvistelser, men också att klienterna ska tillåtas eller bör tvingas att klara att sig själva. Ett av studiens huvudresultat är att den nuvarande organiseringen och styrningen av socialt arbete skapar avstånd och likgiltighet. Genom flera sammankopplade ideal och arbetssätt styrs dagens socialarbetare till att bry sig mindre om de klienter de möter. På så sätt undermineras förutsättningarna för framväxten av en djup relation mellan socialarbetare och klient; 1) Idealet och kravet att socialarbetare ska arbeta utifrån evidens, det vill säga metoder och förhållningssätt som i speciellt utformade utvärderingsmodeller visat sig ha effekt, gör att väl strukturerade och rigida metoder ges företräde. Denna instrumentalisering underminerar ett flexibelt, relationsorienterat och helhetsfokuserat sätt att arbeta. Dessutom gör evidensidealets fokus på enskilda individer och avgränsade utvärderingstider att mer samhällsinriktat kritiskt och långsiktigt inriktat arbete undermineras. 2) Ett rationalitetsideal, tätt sammanbundet med föreställningar om professionalitet och maskulinitet, värderar objektivitet och förmågan att frikoppla socialarbetarens egna känslor från sitt arbete. Detta maskuliniserade professionsideal innebär att empati och solidaritet med klienten undergrävs. 3) Omfattande krav på olika former av dokumentation av det sociala arbetet gör att tiden som socialarbetaren har till sitt förfogande för att besöka och att ha möten med klienten blir knapp. 4) Ett allmänt samhällsideal kring individuellt ansvar och en särskild arbetsmetod (motiverande samtal) som många socialarbetare förväntas lära sig, framhäver klientens eget ansvar för och vilja till förändring. Detta legitimerar ett avståndstagande från klientens behov av hjälp och stöd enligt logiken  ”du måste klara detta själv”. 5) En vanligt förekommande uppdelning av socialarbetarnas arbetsuppgifter i en så kallad beställar-utförarmodell gör att vissa socialsekreterare arbetar med hjälp och stöd, medan andra arbetar med bedömningar av klienters behov. De senare, som också har inflytande över resurstilldelning, blir med en sådan organisering av arbetet alltmer frikopplade från den stödjande och hjälpande verksamheten och kontakten med klienten. 6) Standardiserade digitala bedömningsinstrument, skapade för att på ett likvärdigt sätt bedöma klienters behov och dokumentera det sociala arbetet, reglerar och instrumentaliserar kontakten med klienter. 7) Tunga arbetsbördor, individualiserat ansvar och stress, bidrar ytterligare till att skapa avstånd och likgiltighet eftersom det för vissa utgör ett sätt att genomleva en ohållbar arbetssituation. En allmän åtstramning av socialtjänstens resurstilldelning förstås som en viktig orsak till behovet av att skapa ovan distansmekanismer. Men distansen hänger också ihop med en tendens till ett återupplivande av en tidigare dominerande förståelse av marginalisering och sociala problem; där människors nöd ses som ett utslag av dålig karaktär och ett resultat av dåliga individuella val. De förändringar av det sociala arbetets premisser som beskrivits ovan gör att socialarbetarna alltmer görs främmande inför sitt arbete – de alieneras. Detta främmandegörande uttrycks genom att inte kunna identifiera sig med arbetet självt, sina kollegor eller med sig själv. Ett sådant främmandegörande underminerar, eller fragmentiserar, både relationen till klienten, men också en känsla av gemenskap med andra socialarbetare. En gemenskap som kan utgöra ett ”vi” och ligga till grund för att ställa krav, protestera och göra motstånd mot avhumaniserande ideal och reformer. På så vis är främmandegörandet inte bara en konsekvens av dagens organisering och styrning, utan också något som fyller en viktig funktion för en sådan styrning och organisering, och genomförandet av en allmän åtstramning i socialpolitiken. Samtidigt som dagens organisering och styrning av socialt arbete är främmandegörande, slår vissa socialarbetare knut på sig själva och arbetar extra hårt för att täcka upp för systemets brister och krympande resurser, för att trots det svåra läget ändå försöka ge det stöd som de upplever att klienten behöver. Ett sådant historiskt förankrat femininiserat omsorgsideal, dvs känslor av ansvar och empati inför behövande och en ilska inför oförrätter, utgör därmed på samma gång grund för en fördjupad exploatering av socialarbetarna, och ett vardagligt motstånd mot rådande system. I ett läge när flera upplever att kollegialiteten som grund för motstånd på arbetsplatserna underminerats, utgör ett sådant omsorgsideal samtidigt också grunden för organiserat motstånd utanför arbetsplatsen, bortom chefernas insyn, kontroll och härskartekniker. Medan nuvarande styrningssystem underminerar ett visst sorts motstånd, uppstår samtidigt grunden för nya.

The goal of this paper is to show case a practical resolution for the integration at agreater scale of the Mobile Journalism philosophy, both in the production and in the consumption of news. The production-side concerns the use of the smart phone and other light equipment in the production of news, while the consumption-side concern show the news are displayed and consume don a smartphone. This work project was realized in syndication with RTP and was adjust and tailored to its respective needs, resources and objectives. In order to achieve this goal, several analysis were developed to address the external and internal environment, identifying the opportunities and threats of the broadcasting industry and the strengths and weaknesses of RTP. The ending result of this study led to the development of interconnected structured and strategic recommendations that ensuresa work a bled is semination plan for Mobile Journalism.

The goal of this paper is to show case a practical resolution for the integration a ta greater scale of the Mobile Journalism philosophy, both in the production and in the consumption of news. The production-side concerns the use of the smartphone and other light equipment in the production of news, while the consumption-side concerns how the news are displayed and consumed on a smartphone. This work project was realized in syndication with RTP and was adjust and tailored to its respective needs, resources and objectives. In order to achieve this goal, several analysis were developed to address the external and internal environment, identifying the opportunities and threats of the broad casting industry and the strenggic recommendations that ensures a work able dissemination plan for Mobile Journalism.

The goal of this paper is to show case a practical resolution for the integration at a greaters cale of the Mobile Journalism philosophy, both in the production and in the consumption of news. The production-side concerns the use of the smartphone and other light equipment in the production of news, while the consumption-side concern show the news are displayed and consumed on a smartphone. This work project was realized in syndication with RTP and was adjust and tailored to its respective needs ,resources and objectives. In order to achieve this goal, several analysis were developed to address the external and internal environment, identifying the opportunities and threats of the broadcasting industry and the strengths and weak nesses of RTP. The ending result of this study led to the development of interconnected, structured and strategic recommendations that ensures a work able dissemination plan for Mobile Journalism.

O presente estudo pretende analisar a política pública para a inclusão digital no Brasil, denominada Telecentros Comunitários. O seu objetivo é proporcionar o acesso às tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação por cidadãos que, devido a restrições socioeconômicas, não têm o acesso. O tema é um relevante objeto de estudo, considerando o elevado incentivo às políticas sociais governamentais pela inclusão social, redução das desigualdades socioeconómicas e regionais através de programas públicos para a inclusão digital. Os Telecentros Comunitários são iniciativas de apoio a espaços públicos, comunitários e sem fins lucrativos, que oferecem acesso à infraestrutura de informática e telecomunicações. O perfil da população assistida são pessoas que não possuem computador ou serviço de Internet em casa ou noutro local de uso cotidiano, e/ou que frequentam os espaços de inclusão digital para a realização de atividades de desenvolvimento local em diversos sentidos: económico, social, cultural, educacional, científico, tecnológico, ambiental. É necessário observar os efeitos da política pública na utilização dos Telecentros, e nas práticas educacionais de inclusão digital através do acesso ao computador e da Internet. Como consequência da investigação, propõe-se a reflexão sobre a inclusão digital como um meio para transformação social da comunidade.
This study sets out to analyse public policy regarding digital inclusion community teleservice centres in Brazil. Their primary aim is to provide socio-economically disadvantaged people with access to digital information and communication technologies. This topic is viewed as particularly relevant due to the high degree of focus on public policies such as social inclusion and the reduction of socioeconomic and regional inequalities. Teleservice centres are initiatives that provide communities free access to computer and telecommunications infrastructure. Typical users are people who do not have everyday access to a computer or the Internet at home or beyond. Furthermore, they may make use of the teleservice centres to participate in a broad range of community development activities, which can be economic, social, cultural, educational, scientific, technological or environmental in nature. This study evaluates how public policy has affected the community´s use of the teleservice centres and improved users´ computer literacy through the provision of computers and Internet access. The main outcome of the research carried out is to consider digital inclusion as a means of social change.

This dissertation examines the process of using oral history and digital video to revise interpretation and represent more inclusive histories at three rural Texas historic sites—-Washington-on-the-Brazos State Historic Site, the Lyndon Baines Johnson State Park, and Varner-Hogg Plantation—-21st century sites that, to varying degrees, have persisted to interpret a Texas master narrative that is no longer socially tolerable in its silencing of marginalized Texas voices. In particular, the dissertation focuses on complicated and rarely discussed ethical issues that surfaced during my work from 2001 to 2006 shooting, editing, and situating interpretive documentary videos at the each of the three sites. Historic sites in Texas, like others across the United States and worldwide, have been receiving increasing pressure from scholars and community groups to represent women, racial minorities, and other marginalized groups more prominently in the narratives they interpret. Oral history and digital media have played key roles in this ongoing movement. Oral history has widely been touted as a tool to democratize history, and advocates of digital video interpretation cite its affordability, relative ease of use, and its ability to “say so much in so little time.” These factors are all the more compelling for local, regional, and state-wide historic sites that are chronically under-funded, under-staffed, and that must often interpret multiple, complicated narratives with very little time or space in which to present them. However, little has been done to explore the unique and complicated ethical issues that arise from using oral history and digital video at historic sites. This dissertation takes a case study approach and uses as its intellectual framework ideas of reflective practice, part of the contemporary discourse among public history practitioners. Each case study introduces the site through a critical analysis of the images and texts produced by the site; presents the central historical silence at each site; describes the solution that oral history and digital video interpretation was expected to provide; and then uses the project’s process-generated video footage and records to examine key situations that led me to raise ethical questions about the individual projects and the overall enterprise.
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The land-grant university system was founded in the 19th century as a public means to help improve people’s everyday lives. A century and a half later, the challenges that the public faces to live a quality life are constantly changing, creating a need for the land-grant system to respond and adapt to continue to fulfill its mission. While the literature contains a wealth of conceptual papers addressing the role and mission of land-grant universities, relatively few papers could be found that reported empirical data or proposed and tested metrics for public engagement constructs. The current study sought to address this void in the literature through the investigation of factors influencing Indiana residents’ level of interest in engaging with Purdue University. Mail survey methods were used in which up to three contacts were made with adult members of 4,500 Indiana households identified through address-based sampling. Stratified random sampling was employed to ensure adequate rural household participation for other project purposes. Usable responses were received from 1,003 households representing 87 Indiana counties for a total response rate of 26%.

This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.