Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Digital discrimination“

Recovery of sensitivity following repair of 54 digital nerves was evaluated after one to seven years. Normal two-point discrimination has been regained in only seven cases (13%), two-point discrimination between 6 and 10 mm in 20 (37%), between 11 and 15 mm in 13 (24%) and protective sensation in 14 (26%). A close correlation between age and recovery of sensation after repair has been confirmed by statistical analysis. Microsurgical repair of digital nerves gives satisfactory results, since a normal or good two-point discrimination can be obtained in one-half of cases while sensation improves in the others. However a high rate of complete recovery of sensation is to be expected only in children

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2000.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 289 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-287).

Satellite images have been used as a complementary information for geological studies. In order to realise the maximum potential of satillite imagery, then improvements are needed, both in the visual presentation of such images, and in their automatic classification , in order to reveal the rock differences. Methods of processing imagery, were evaluated (band ratio, principal components, decorrelated stretch and maximum likelihood) and new (canonical regression, hue-saturation-intensity HSI transform, with modified manipulation, and watershed) were evaluated with respect to their ability to reveal rock differences. It was found that the HSI method gave the best results, both for visual presentation and automatic classifcation. This method has the ability to enhance both spectral and spatial information simultaneously without any data loss which is not the case in the other image enhancement methods (band ratio, principal components or decorrelation stretch). For automatic classification, the 'hue' images produced by the HSI transformation typically gave accurate (91%) classification of all the major rock types. Further, it was shown that the watershed method of classification was superior error rate = 9% to the maximum likelihood method (error rate 14%) for the same inputs. The new method of canonical regression was evaluated and although it was not very successful, the results were encouraging and it was concluded that this method may enable the estimation of the chemical composition of exposed rocks directly from satellite imagery.

This study explores the use of digital pulse processing techniques for n/y pulse shape discrimination (PSD) in liquid scintillators, and the application of these techniques to a capture-gated fast neutron monitor developed using an enriched '°B-loaded liquid scintillator (BC523A). The motivation for this study has been to develop a computationally-fast digital PSD algorithm, which can be used to detect a weak neutron flux in the presence of a strong gamma ray background and to assess its suitability for use as a portable neutron monitor for fast neutron dosimetry. BC523A can operate as a full-energy neutron spectrometer when used in the 'capturegated' mode, where a characteristic capture time is observed between the proton recoil and neutron capture pulses, thus producing a very clean signature for those fast neutrons which are completely moderated within the detector volume. The use of digital waveform capture of this double-pulse sequence is a powerful technique that allows acquiring both the timestamped pulse amplitudes and the capture lifetime in a single data set. The capture-gated performance of a 105 cm' BC523A detector was investigated using fast neutrons from an Am-Be source. The measured mean neutron capture time in BC523A was 470±80 ns, which is a factor of 5 shorter than that reported for liquid scintillators loaded with natural boron. Due to its limited neutron detection efficiency, an extension of this technique to a large volume (685 cm) BC523A was developed, and provided an efficiency increase by a factor of 7. The efficiency enhancement was modelled using MCNP-4C. Good n/y separation was obtained using digital PSD applied to BC523A. The PSD figure of- merit (FOM) was investigated for various organic scintillators, and compared between digital and analogue pulse processing techniques. The application of digital PSD to the capture-gate detection mode was investigated, as an additional method for suppression of gamma sensitivity.

L’estudi explora el paper dels mitjans informatius en línia en el canvi en els drets sexuals i de gènere a Ucraïna, basant-se en l’anàlisi del debat sobre la prohibició de la discriminació per orientació sexual i identitat de gènere (OSIG) com a part de la reforma antidiscriminació de 2013 – 2015. El canvi en els drets sexuals i de gènere va ser conceptualitzat, com a resultat de la lluita hegemònica entre discursos en disputa, seguint la teoria del discurs d’Ernesto Laclau i Chantal Mouffe. La recerca va incloure tres fases. Durant la Fase I es van examinar a través de recerca documental les condicions de la possibilitat d’un canvi dels drets sexuals i de gènere a Ucraïna durant el període 2013 – 2015. Durant la Fase II es va analitzar el discurs polític sobre drets sexuals i de gènere a Ucraïna el 2013 – 2015 a través de l’anàlisi postfundacional del discurs i utilitzant les dades recollides per les pàgines web oficials del govern, parlament i grups d’interès involucrats en la controvèrsia sobre la reforma antidiscriminació. Es van identificar quatre coalicions discursives sobre els drets sexuals i de gènere seguint les articulacions dels significants flotants clau en el debat: orientació sexual i identitat de gènere, democràcia, identitat nacional i política exterior. Cada coalició va desenvolupar el seu propi grup de trames que associaven la prohibició de la discriminació per OSIG a les seves articulacions dels significants flotants (punts nodals). Durant la Fase III es va examinar la representació mediàtica de les coalicions discursives sobre drets sexuals i de gènere en disputa a través de l’anàlisi quantitativa de contingut i l’anàlisi postfundacional del discurs de la cobertura de la reforma antidiscriminació en els cinc mitjans informatius en línia més populars d’Ucraïna. Aquesta anàlisi va revelar que durant la primera etapa de la controvèrsia antidiscriminació (2013 – 2014), els mitjans afiliats a grans grups d’empreses propietat d’oligarques afavorien les coalicions discursives conservadores citant els seus membres més freqüentment, oferint una cobertura desequilibrada de la seva posició, i fent-se eco de supòsits conservadors sobre OSIG en comentaris periodístics. Els mitjans informatius petits i independents en línia afavorien les coalicions discursives lliberals utilitzant els mateixos mètodes. Durant la segona etapa de la controvèrsia (2015), tots els mitjans informatius en línia afavorien les coalicions discursives lliberals en la seva cobertura del debat. L’estudi suggereix que el suport ofert pels mitjans informatius en línia va contribuir a la capacitat de les coalicions discursives en disputa d’introduir canvis en les lleis de drets sexuals i de gènere. De 2013 a 2014, la cobertura favorable als mitjans afiliats a grans grups d’empreses i la presència substancial als mitjans informatius en línia independents van ajudar la coalició conservadora pro-UE a articular la prohibició de la discriminació per orientació sexual com a amenaça a la democràcia i la identitat nacional i com a obstacle de la integració europea d’Ucraïna en l’esfera pública, fet que va contribuir al fracàs de la reforma antidiscriminació. Durant el 2015, la cobertura favorable en els cinc mitjans informatius en línia més populars d’Ucraïna va ajudar les coalicions discursives lliberals sobre drets sexuals i de gènere a rearticular la prohibició de la discriminació per OSIG com a instància de protecció democràtica de la igualtat de drets civils, adheriment als valors europeus, i condició prèvia d’integració europea, fet que va ajudar a l’adopció de la reforma antidiscriminació.
El estudio explora el papel de los medios informativos en línea en el cambio en los derechos sexuales y de género en Ucrania, basándose en el análisis del debate sobre la prohibición de la discriminación por orientación sexual e identidad de género (OSIG) como parte de la reforma antidiscriminación de 2013-2015. El cambio en los derechos sexuales y de género fue conceptualizado, como resultado de la lucha hegemónica entre discursos en disputa, siguiendo la teoría del discurso de Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe. La investigación incluyó tres fases. Durante la Fase I se examinaron a través de la investigación documental las condiciones de la posibilidad de un cambio de los derechos sexuales y de género en Ucrania durante el período 2013 – 2015. Durante la Fase II se analizó el discurso político sobre derechos sexuales y de género en Ucrania en 2013 – 2015 a través del análisis posfundacional del discurso y utilizando los datos obtenidos por las páginas web oficiales del gobierno, parlamento y grupos de interés involucrados en la controversia sobre la reforma antidiscriminación. Se identificaron cuatro coaliciones discursivas sobre los derechos sexuales y de género siguiendo las articulaciones de los significantes flotantes clave en el debate: orientación sexual e identidad de género, democracia, identidad nacional y política exterior. Cada coalición desarrolló su propio grupo de tramas que asociaban la prohibición de la discriminación por OSIG a sus articulaciones de los significantes flotantes (puntos nodales). Durante la Fase III se examinó la representación mediática de las coaliciones discursivas sobre derechos sexuales y de género en disputa a través del análisis cuantitativo de contenido y el análisis posfundacional del discurso de la cobertura de la reforma antidiscriminación en los cinco medios informativos en línea más populares de Ucrania. Este análisis reveló que durante la primera etapa de la controversia antidiscriminación (2013 – 2014), los medios afiliados a grandes grupos de empresas propiedad de oligarcas favorecían las coaliciones discursivas conservadoras citando sus miembros más frecuentemente, ofreciendo una cobertura desequilibrada de su posición, y haciéndose eco de suposiciones conservadoras sobre OSIG en comentarios periodísticos. Los medios informativos pequeños e independientes en línea favorecían las coaliciones discursivas liberales utilizando los mismos métodos. Durante la segunda etapa de la controversia (2015), todos los medios informativos en línea favorecían las coaliciones discursivas liberales en su cobertura del debate. El estudio sugiere que el soporte ofrecido por los medios informativos en línea contribuyó a la capacidad de las coaliciones discursivas en disputa de introducir cambios en las leyes de derechos sexuales y de género. De 2013 a 2014, la cobertura favorable en los medios afiliados a grandes grupos de empresas y la presencia sustancial en los medios informativos independientes ayudaron a la coalición conservadora pro-UE a articular la prohibición de la discriminación por orientación sexual como amenaza a la democracia y la identidad nacional y como obstáculo de la integración europea de Ucrania en la esfera pública, hecho que contribuyó al fracaso de la reforma antidiscriminación. Durante 2015, la cobertura favorable, en los cinco medios informativos en línea más populares de Ucrania, ayudó a las coaliciones discursivas liberales sobre derechos sexuales y de género a rearticular la prohibición de la discriminación por OSIG como instancia de protección democrática de la igualdad de derechos civiles, adherencia a los valores europeos, y condición previa de integración europea, hecho que favoreció a la adopción de la reforma antidiscriminación.
The study explores the role of online news media in sexual and gender rights change in Ukraine, relying on the analysis of the debate over the prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) as part of the anti-discrimination reform in 2013 – 2015. Sexual and gender rights change was conceptualized as an outcome of hegemonic struggle among contesting discourses on sexual and gender rights based on the discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. The research included three phases. In Phase I, conditions of possibility of sexual and gender rights change in Ukraine in 2013 – 2015 were examined using desk research. Dominant public opinion on sexuality, sexual and gender rights, and European integration, as well as the established legal, political, and media discourses on sexual and gender rights in Ukraine, were considered as conditions that shaped outcomes of the anti-discrimination controversy. In Phase II, political discourse on sexual and gender rights in Ukraine in 2013 – 2015 was analyzed with the use of post-foundational discourse analysis, relying on the data collected from the official websites of government, parliament, and groups of interest involved in the controversy over the anti-discrimination reform. Four discourse coalitions on sexual and gender rights were identified according to the articulations of the key floating signifiers in the debate: sexual orientation and gender identity, democracy, national identity, and foreign policy. Each coalition developed its own set of storylines that linked the prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of SOGI to the coalitions’ articulations of the floating signifiers (nodal points). In Phase III, media representation of the contesting discourse coalitions on sexual and gender rights was examined with the use of quantitative content analysis and post-foundational discourse analysis of the anti-discrimination reform coverage in the five most popular Ukrainian online news media. This analysis revealed that during the first round of the anti-discrimination controversy (2013 – 2014), news websites affiliated with big media holdings owned by oligarchs favored conservative discourse coalitions by quoting their members more frequently, providing imbalanced coverage of their position, and echoing conservative assumptions about SOGI in journalistic comments. Small independent online news media favored liberal discourse coalitions using the same means. During the second round of the controversy (2015), all examined online news media favored liberal discourse coalitions in their coverage of the debate. The study suggests that support provided by the online news media contributed to the capacity of contesting discourse coalitions to change sexual and gender rights law. In 2013 – 2014, favorable coverage in the media affiliated with big media holdings and substantial presence in the independent online news media helped the conservative pro-EU coalition to articulate the prohibition of sexual orientation discrimination as a threat to democracy and national identity and an obstacle to the European integration of Ukraine in the public sphere, which contributed to the failure of the anti-discrimination reform. In 2015, favorable coverage in the top five Ukrainian online news media helped liberal discourse coalitions on sexual and gender rights to rearticulate the prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of SOGI as an instance of democratic protection of equal civil rights, adherence to European values, and a precondition of European integration, which contributed to the adoption of the anti-discrimination reform.

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is the inability or limited ability to recognize colors and discriminate between them. A person with this condition perceives a narrower range of colors compared to a person with a normal color vision. A growing number of researchers are striving to improve the quality of life for CVD patients. Finding cure, making rectification equipment, providing simulation tools and applying color transformation methods are among the efforts being made by researchers in this field. In this study we concentrate on recoloring digital images in such a way that users with CVD, especially dichromats, perceive more details from the recolored images compared to the original image. The main focus is to give the CVD user a chance to find information within the picture which they could not perceive before. However, this transformed image might look strange or unnatural to users with normal color vision. During this color transformation process, the goal is to keep the overall contrast of the image constant while adjusting the colors that might cause confusion for the CVD user. First, each pixel in the RGB-image is converted to HSV color space in order to be able to control hue, saturation and intensity for each pixel and then safe and problematic hue ranges need to be found. The method for recognizing these ranges was inspired by a condition called “unilateral dichromacy” in which the patient has normal color vision in one eye and dichromacy in another. A special grid-like color card is designed, having constant saturation and intensity over the entire image, while the hue smoothly changes from one block to another to cover the entire hue range. The next step is to simulate the way this color card is perceived by a dichromatic user and finally to find the colors that are perceived identically from two images and the ones that differ too much. This part makes our method highly customizable and we can apply it to other types of CVD, even personalize it for the color vision of a specific observer. The resulting problematic colors need to be dealt with by shifting the hue or saturation based on some pre-defined rules. The results for the method have been evaluated both objectively and subjectively. First, we simulated a set of images as they would be perceived by a dichromat and compared them with simulated view of our transformed images. The results clearly show that our recolored images can eliminate a lot of confusion from user and convey more details. Moreover, an online questionnaire was created and 39 users with CVD confirmed that the transformed images allow them to perceive more information compared to the original images.

Die Grundlage vieler zukünftiger Flüssigszintillator-Neutrinoexperimente (SNO+, Daya Bay, LENA) ist das Lösungsmittel Lineare-Alkyl-Benzene (LAB, C6H5CnH2n+1, n = 10 - 13). Zusammen mit dem weit verbreiteten Szintillator 2,5-Diphenyloxazole (PPO) ist es ein farb- und geruchsloses Detektormaterial mit hohem Flammpunkt. Im Vergleich zu toluol- oder xylolbasierten Szintillatoren ist LAB+PPO preiswert und nicht gesundheitsschädlich. Die Eigenschaften von LAB machen es ebenfalls interessant für die Anwendung an nELBE, die Neutronenfugzeitanlage im Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf. Ein neuer Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Lichtausbeute im niederenergetischen Bereich (bis 2 MeV) wird vorgestellt. Kombiniert wurden Messungen mit (quasi) monoenergetischen Gammastrahlungs-Prüfstrahlern und einem in dieser Arbeit aufgebauten Compton-Spektrometer. Letzteres ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Lichtausbeute bis zu 5 keVee. Der Birks-Parameter wurde für eine Lösung von LAB + 3 g/l PPO sowie für den Flüssigszintillator NE-213 bestimmt. Die relative Lichtausbeute in Bezug auf letzteren konnte mit diesen Messmethoden ebenfalls ermittelt werden. Zur spektralen Analyse des Lumineszenzlichtes wurden Messungen an Fluoreszenz- und UV/VIS- Spektrometern durchgeführt. Die Pulsformdiskriminationsfähigkeit auf LAB basierenden Szintillatoren wurde während eines Flugzeitexperiments in einem gemischten n-gamma-Feld eines Cf(252)-Prüfstrahlers ermittelt. Dabei kamen unterschiedliche Algorithmen der semi-analogen und digitalen Pulsformdiskrimination zum Einsatz
Linear alkyl benzene (LAB, C6H5CnH2n+1, n = 10 - 13) is the proposed solvent for the SNO+, the Daya Bay Neutrino and LENA experiment. In solution with the commonly used scintillator PPO it is a colourless, odourless and cheap liquid scintillator with a high fash point and low health hazard compared to toluene based ones. The properties of LAB make this scintillator interesting also for nELBE, the neutron time-of-fight facility at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf. A new approach to measure the light yield in the low-energy range using a combination of quasi-monoenergetic photon sources and a Compton-spectrometer is described. The latter allows the measurement of the light yield down to 5 keVee (electron equivalent). The Birks- Parameter was determined for a homemade solution (LAB + 3 g/l PPO) and for NE-213. The light yield (relative to this standard scintillator) was confrmed by measurements using a fuorescence spectrometer. The ability of pulse-shape-discrimination in a mixed n-gamma- field of a Cf(252) source was tested using different digital and semi-analogue techniques

Die Grundlage vieler zukünftiger Flüssigszintillator-Neutrinoexperimente (SNO+, Daya Bay, LENA) ist das Lösungsmittel Lineare-Alkyl-Benzene (LAB, C6H5CnH2n+1, n = 10 - 13). Zusammen mit dem weit verbreiteten Szintillator 2,5-Diphenyloxazole (PPO) ist es ein farb- und geruchsloses Detektormaterial mit hohem Flammpunkt. Im Vergleich zu toluol- oder xylolbasierten Szintillatoren ist LAB+PPO preiswert und nicht gesundheitsschädlich. Die Eigenschaften von LAB machen es ebenfalls interessant für die Anwendung an nELBE, die Neutronenfugzeitanlage im Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf. Ein neuer Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Lichtausbeute im niederenergetischen Bereich (bis 2 MeV) wird vorgestellt. Kombiniert wurden Messungen mit (quasi) monoenergetischen Gammastrahlungs-Prüfstrahlern und einem in dieser Arbeit aufgebauten Compton-Spektrometer. Letzteres ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Lichtausbeute bis zu 5 keVee. Der Birks-Parameter wurde für eine Lösung von LAB + 3 g/l PPO sowie für den Flüssigszintillator NE-213 bestimmt. Die relative Lichtausbeute in Bezug auf letzteren konnte mit diesen Messmethoden ebenfalls ermittelt werden. Zur spektralen Analyse des Lumineszenzlichtes wurden Messungen an Fluoreszenz- und UV/VIS- Spektrometern durchgeführt. Die Pulsformdiskriminationsfähigkeit auf LAB basierenden Szintillatoren wurde während eines Flugzeitexperiments in einem gemischten n-gamma-Feld eines Cf(252)-Prüfstrahlers ermittelt. Dabei kamen unterschiedliche Algorithmen der semi-analogen und digitalen Pulsformdiskrimination zum Einsatz.
Linear alkyl benzene (LAB, C6H5CnH2n+1, n = 10 - 13) is the proposed solvent for the SNO+, the Daya Bay Neutrino and LENA experiment. In solution with the commonly used scintillator PPO it is a colourless, odourless and cheap liquid scintillator with a high fash point and low health hazard compared to toluene based ones. The properties of LAB make this scintillator interesting also for nELBE, the neutron time-of-fight facility at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf. A new approach to measure the light yield in the low-energy range using a combination of quasi-monoenergetic photon sources and a Compton-spectrometer is described. The latter allows the measurement of the light yield down to 5 keVee (electron equivalent). The Birks- Parameter was determined for a homemade solution (LAB + 3 g/l PPO) and for NE-213. The light yield (relative to this standard scintillator) was confrmed by measurements using a fuorescence spectrometer. The ability of pulse-shape-discrimination in a mixed n-gamma- field of a Cf(252) source was tested using different digital and semi-analogue techniques.