Dissertationen zum Thema „Diffraction des rayons X nanofocalisés“
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Anjum, Taseer. „Nanomechanics : mechanical response analysis of semiconductor GaAs nanowires by using finite element method and x-ray diffraction techniques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the last two decades, tremendous advances have been made in the miniaturization of opto-electronic devices and sensor-based nano-electromechanical systems by the integration of quasi one-dimensional nanowires. The present work focuses on the mechanical response analysis of semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires grown on silicon substrate via molecular beam epitaxy. The mechanical behavior of the nanowires is characterized via in-situ bending tests in a scanning electron microscope and in combination with x-ray diffraction. The aim of this work is to identify the anelastic strain relaxation of the nanowires which was observed as a direct consequence of cantilever bending tests and buckling tests on free standing Be-doped GaAs nanowires. The anelastic strain is derived by using a digital image correlation algorithm. The agreement between FEM simulations and measured data conclusively relate the anelastic relaxation in the investigated nanowires to the Gorsky effect, i.e. the coupling between point defects diffusion and stress gradient. Be doped GaAs nanowires are further examined in the lateral three-point bending configuration by employing the Scanning Force Microscope for in situ Nanofocused X-ray diffraction (SFINX) and x-ray diffraction at beamline P23 at PETRA III. The bending of the nanowires was induced by the lateral movement of the tip of SFINX . The nanowires demonstrate elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and time-dependent anelastic relaxation. The anelastic relaxation yields a diffusion coefficient of 2.71 x 10 puissance -13 cm puissance 2 and is consistent with a Gorsky effect
Elzo, Aizarna Marta Ainhoa. „Diffraction résonnante des rayons X dans des systèmes multiferroïques“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMastropietro, Francesca. „Imagerie de nanofils uniques par diffraction cohérente des rayons X“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716410.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenaud, Alain. „Etude de la structure tridimensionnelle de la gammachymotrypsine par diffraction aux rayons X“. Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKharchi, Djoudi. „Mise au point d'un dispositif permettant l'utilisation de la diffraction des rayons x pour la mesure de contraintes à haute température“. Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCommeinhes, Frédéric. „Structure tridimentionnelle de la carboxypeptidase A par diffraction des rayons X“. Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDupraz, Maxime. „Diffraction des rayons X cohérents appliquée à la physique du métal“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI103/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mechanical properties of small objects deviate strongly from the bulk behaviour, as soon as their size becomes comparable or smaller to the dislocation mean free path (typically a few microns). For instance, their elastic limit increase when their size is reduced. On a another hand, nanostructures are exposed to strong constraints, such as that imposed by epitaxial relations with a substrate. Altogether, there is a clear need (supported by industrial interests) for a better understanding of the fundamental phenomena that govern the mechanical properties of materials at the nanometre scale. The lab SIMaP is engaged in this research and tackles the topic by combining sample growth, laboratory characterisation methods, numerical models, and synchrotron techniques.One key experiment developed by our team is the in situ characterisation of the deformation mechanism induced by an AFM tip on a nanostructure using Coherent X-ray Diffraction (CXD). CXD is an emerging synchrotron technique that allows the detailed measurement of the crystal structure,including strain field and defects, of micro/nano-objects. In principle, a 3D image of the structure of the sample can be obtained from the CXD data. However, it remains difficult in realistic cases, when the strain is very inhomogeneous and crystal defects numerous. The problem is further complicated by the wavefront of the beam, which is usually far from a plane wave, particularly when the AFM tip shadows part of the incoming beam. In this PHD work, it is demonstrated that a 3D image of the object can be reconstructed in case of moderately complex systems
Rieutord, François. „Réflectivité et diffraction des rayons X appliquées aux films minces organiques“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112384.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRieutord, François. „Réflectivité et diffraction des rayons X appliquées aux films minces organiques“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376093669.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCastagnos, Anne-Marie. „Les relaxeurs ferroélectriques BaTi0,65 Zr0,35 O3 et Pb(1-x)BixMg(1+x)3Nb(2-x)/3O3(0< ou égalx“. Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDielectric relaxation (frequency dispersion of the dielectric permittivity) is explained by the impossibility for the polar order to establish at long range. In PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3, this is attributed to a complex nanostructure where a local chemical order (ordering of the cations on the B site) coexists with a local polar order due to correlations of atomic displacements. These correlations expand up to a temperature known as freezing point, where they block. The Pb lone pair also plays a role in relaxation. In order to specify the role of each component, we have synthesised and studied the following relaxors. .
Hadmar, Philippe. „Contribution à l'étude par diffractométrie X du comportement mécanique d'alliages métalliques polyphasés“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWronski, Sebastian. „Examination of residual stresses in heterogeneous textured materials using diffraction and deformation models“. Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENAM0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to propose a methodology for analysis of mechanical behaviour of polycrystalline materials using diffraction methods and deformation models. A new grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method was developed to study the residual stress gradient. Measurement uncertainties in this technique were studied, especially the influence of: absorption, Lorentzpolarization factor, atomic scattering factor and refractive index. The main purpose is to interpret experimental results on the basis of the elasto-plastic models (self-consistent and Leffers-Wierzbanowski models), which describe the mechanisms of the stress field generation in elasto-plastically deformed polycrystalline materials. Special attention has been paid to the explanation of physical origins of the residual stress, to the prediction of stress evolution and to the influence of residual stress on material properties. Presented models and experimental methods were used for stress analysis in single and multi phase materials. Polycrystalline copper and one and two-phase steels after rolling and cross rolling were investigated. The new method of analysis of multi phase materials was applied. It was used for the estimation of residual stresses and their anisotropy in duplex stainless steel
Ndiaye, Amadou Latyr. „Synthesis and physico-chemical studies on dithiolène complexes of the closed-shell (d10) metals and trivalent lanthanide ions“. Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, chemistry represents a general tool for accessing (synthesis), controlling (parameters influence) and understanding (study of properties) the material. This is allowed by two possible approaches: the "Top-down" and "Bottom-up". The first approach is a key to nanotechnology. The second approach consists in assembling small systems, with intrinsic properties, to build up macro system with interesting properties. This concept is generally termed as: "from mo/ecu/es to material” and in this context, supramolecular chemistry plays a crucial rote. The present work examines the synthesis and properties of dithiolene systems bearing metal ions and lanthanides. The first chapter is a general introduction on dithiolene chemistry and lanthanides. The second chapter deals with the synthesis and characterisation of supramolecular systems based on neutral dithioiene-like ligands. Ln this chapter importance of non-covalent interactions is discussed. The third chapter concerns the reactivity of these neutral dithiolen like ligands towards d10 transition metals (CU1, Hg11, AU1). This chapter will describe the synthesis of supramolecul complexes and their spectroscopic properties. The fourth chapter deals, with the reactivity of the ligands with lanthanide (Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er) and the characterisation of Ln3+ -dithiolene complexes. The discussion will be oriented on the energy transfer process taking place in these coordination compounds ("Antenna Effect")
Rmili, Seddik. „Préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques Pt-Cu [platine-cuivre] par réaction redox de surface“. Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2300.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaboche, Gilles. „Relation structure-dimensions des grains monocristallins : cas d'un matériau polaire, BaTi03“. Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbkhar, Zahra. „Etude structurale par diffraction des rayons X de quatre diphosphonates et de deux spirophosphoranes“. Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA132018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleValot, Carole. „Diffraction des rayons x et microstructure en domaines ferroélectriques : cas de BaTiO3“. Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoulle, Alexandre. „Diffraction des rayons X sur couches d'oxydes épitaxiées : Elaboration et analyse microstructurale“. Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with microstructural analysis in oxide epitaxial layers. Specific acquisition methods have been developed, such as the so-called reciprocal space mapping technique. Experiments have been carried out on a home made diffractometer devoted to the study of nanostructured materials. This set-up allows very fast reciprocal space map acquisitions (e. G. A few tens of minutes) in a high resolution mode. The two-dimensional instrumental profile has been calculated taking into account each optical element in the beam path : the X-ray source, the four-bounce monochromator, the sample and the curved position sensitive detector. This study showed that the instrumental broadening can be as low as a few thousandth of degrees in most of the scanning modes. Two oxide systems have been investigated. The first one is the ferroelectric material SrBi2Nb2O9 deposited onto SrTiO3 by sol-gel coating. Integral breadth as well as Fourier analysis of the diffraction profiles showed that the samples contain stacking faults located along the c-axis. The microstructural analysis of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 thin films deposited onto Al2O3 by sol-gel coating has been undertaken by profile modeling into several directions of reciprocal space taking into account physical parameters (the instrument and the microstructure). A peculiar epitaxial growth mechanism and a void/matter phase separation have been evidenced. Additionally it is shown that the layers are highly strained, and strain relaxation probably occurs by the introduction of misfit dislocations
Seve, Laurent. „Diffraction magnétique résonante des rayons X : applications aux multicouches et films minces“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbboud, Mohamed. „Nouvelles bipyridines polyhalogénées : synthèse, fonctionnalisation et caractérisation par diffraction des rayons X“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have developed a simple and original procedure for the synthesis of halogenated 4,4'-bipyridines based on the lithiation of halopyridines. The mechanism of the reaction has been studied by isolation and characterization of several byproducts. The methodology was then applied to the formation of several 4,4'-bipyridines bearing chlorine, bromine, and even iodine. In some cases we could isolate bipyridines having 3,4' and 2,4' connectivity. Some 4,4'-bipyridine have been functionalized by Suzuki cross-coupling and Buchwald-Hartwig double amination. Most representative products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and showed specific halogen interactions
Menut, Denis. „Contribution au développement de la ligne MARS pour l’analyse au rayonnement synchrotron d’aciers à dispersion d’oxydes irradiés aux neutrons : évolution des phases secondaires sous irradiation“. Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleX-Ray Diffraction coupled with X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analyses at the MARS beamline of the synchrotron SOLEIL facility were used to study the microstructural evolution of oxides phases found in ODS steels irradiated in Material Testing Reactors. Two hold generations of ODS steel grades (DY and MA957) irradiated up to high fluencies (~75 dpa) were studied. These experiments have required specific developments, in particular a dedicated sample holder. An important milestone was overcome integrating the MARS beamline to the nuclearized facilities accessible for CEA. First, XRD analysis provide new results concerning intermediate sizes of precipitates (around 100 nm) essentially from crystallographic point of view, the nano-sized oxides (from 1 to 10 nm) being not detected, due to the material itself, sample preparation as thin foil and experimental set-up calibration. Secondly, XAFS analysis is not a discriminating technique as soon as the absorber atom is involved in the chemical composition of various precipitates found in ODS. Nevertheless, the stability of the Ti with a coordination number of 5 is evidenced whatever the irradiation conditions. As our experimental study was not able to detect the nano-sized oxides, an alternative way is to perform modeling approach of the behavior of massive oxides under irradiation, compared to experimental analyses under ion irradiations. We have shown that the defect-fluorite is an intermediate phase of the crystal-to-amorphous phase transition of the pyrochlore oxide structure, whatever the irradiation conditions and the ratio of the cationic radii, the Ti coordination number remaining around 5 in the amorphous state
Favarim, Higor. „Síntese, caracterizaçãi elétrica e estructural de cerâicas ferroelétricas de composição Ba0,90R0,10Ti1-xZrxO3 (R=Ca, Sr)“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596848.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarbusse, Danielle. „Contribution à la caractérisation des matériaux : étude des couches minces, multicouches et superréseaux III-V et II-VI par double diffraction des rayons X (composition, qualité, contraintes) : étude structurale par absorption X au seuil K d'une série de complexes du cobalt et du fer, XANES et EXAFS de laboratoire“. Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePinsolle, Edouard. „Etude des ondes de densité de charge par diffraction cohérente des rayons X“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeutier, Guillaume. „Etude de nanostructures magnétiques par diffraction résonante et cohérente des rayons X mous“. Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoft X-rays (~400-1500 eV) are among the best probes to study ferromagnetic nanostructures. Their wavelength (1-3 nm) is very weil suited to the characterisic lengthscales of these systems : magnetic storage is investigated in ferromagnetic thin films whose thickness and typical magnetic domain size are in the 10-100 nanometers range. Moreover, transition metals, which are commonly used in these materials, have their L3 edge in the soft x-ray energy range. This resonance enhances the x-rays sensitivity to local magnetic moments. Ln this thesis, we show that this sensitivity is useful to study the 3-dimensional configuration of magnetic moments. We study here the case of FePd thin films. By filtering the synchrotron beam with a 10-micrometer sized pinhole, a very coherent beam is selected. Its diffraction pattern, measured with a CCD camera used as a single photon detector, is a high resolution measurement of the Fourier Transform modulus of the object. We present here the coherent magnetic scattering from a FePd microstructure and from a grating of parallel nanolines with perpendicular magnetisation. The recontruction of the exacte magnetic configuration of the nanolines is discussed
De, Carvalho Pinheiro Bianca. „Étude par diffraction des rayons X des modifications microstructurales en cours de fatigue“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10063/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work aims to evaluate the microstructural mechanisms associated with the initiation of fatigue damage of steels used in the oil and gas industry. Microdeformations and residual stresses (macrostresses) were evaluated by X-ray diffraction in real time during alternating bending fatigue tests performed on flat test pieces taken from a pipe sample. Microdeformations were estimated from measurements of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak and residual stresses from the peak displacement. The fatigue tests were performed at five different stress levels. Three stages of changes during the evolution of microdeformation were detected. We show that their amplitude and duration are proportional to the level of alternating stress. Similar variations were observed for the residual stresses, with duration identical to those of the microdeformation. Changes in the density and distribution of dislocations were observed by transmission electron microscopy using the technique of focused ion beam. To understand the role of the initial structure, fatigue tests on annealed samples were performed under the same test conditions. Again, three stages of changes are observed but with an increase of the microdeformations instead of a decrease during the first stage due to the initial state of the dislocation network. The results are very encouraging for the consideration of the microstructural evolutions in the construction of a future counter of fatigue damage initiation in materials
Safsaf, Abdelaziz. „Etude structurale par diffraction des rayons x d'un phosphonate et de quelques hydroxydiphosphonates“. Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA132001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSusini, Jean. „Miroirs multicouches interférentiels semi-transparents pour les rayonnements X et X-UV : modélisation, caractérisation et applications /“. Saclay : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36204715g.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Bahij Said. „Etude structurale et conformationnelle par diffraction des rayons X de six C-glycosides ou composés apparentés“. Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA132014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Ghazouli Kamal. „Nouvelles méthodes d'analyse, par diffraction des rayons X, des variations de texture dans les couches minces“. Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/El_Ghazouli.Kamal.SMZ9826.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA method using different strategies of measurement which combines the Schultz technique and the small incidence one, or measurement with a constant penetration depth of rays X, is described to determine the texture gradients in thin films. This method which uses only one reflexion line (hkl), is tested on samples possessing an artificiel texture gradient. Its applied to know the real texture gradient in a thin film of Zirconia. Quantitative texture analysis results made with the vectoriel method are presented
Pignat, Jérémy. „Films cristallins organiques-inorganiques à l'interface eau-air“. Cergy-Pontoise, 2006. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/06CERG0315.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrganic-inorganic interfaces are found in common biological materials such as nacre or bones. Nethertheless, because of the complexity of these systems, their analysis is very difficult. In this thesis, we studied this cristalline interface on a chemically simple system formed by the adsorption of certain type of divalent cations on a fatty acid monolayer. To determine its structure, we developped a method to precisely describe the grazing incidence x-ray diffraction spectra with a submolecular resolution. We tested this method on simple systems (phases formed by fatty acids on pure water) before proposing a structure for the cristalline organization of our system. Eventually, we studied the kinetics of the bidimensional crystal formation by using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and Brewster angle microscopy
Harre, Nathalie. „Etude structurale par DRX et METHR et caracterisation dielectrique de quelques phases du systeme BaO-La2O3-TiO2“. Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCavellec, Myriam. „Les phosphates mixtes organique-inorganique à base de fer : étude chimique, structurale et magnétique“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuedira, Taoufik. „Synthese et caracterisation physicochimique des phases du systeme Bi:(2)O::(3)-BiPO::(4)“. Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFilal, Saïd. „Influence de la composition organique et minérale des eaux des réseaux sur les caractéristiques chimiques et structurales des biofilms“. Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2314.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhrifi, Saâd. „Etude de la densité électronique précise du composé "2-amino-5-nitropyridinium-L-monohydrogènetartrate" : estimation des propriétés optiques linéaire [alpha] et non linéaire [bêta] à partir des propriétés électrostatiques“. Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLahlou, Mimi Mohammed. „Etude des propriétés magnétiques des composés mixtes Fe1-xGaxF3 et Fe1-xCrxF3 (0“. Le Mans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LEMA1023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaoudi, Abdelkrim. „Etude cristallochimique des oxyfluorures de lanthanoi͏̈des et de quelques oxyfluorures mixtes dérivés de la fluorine“. Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0176.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePisson, Julien. „Caractérisation structurale et thermodynamique de l'échange anionique dans des hydroxydes doubles lamellaires“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF21615.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFajoui, Jamal. „Influence des hétérogénéités intragranulaires sur le comportement des matériaux métalliques sous sollicitations mécaniques“. Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetal forming may often involve intense forming sequences, leading to large strains and severe strain path changes. These processes, very constraining for material, are limited by the appearance and the development of plastic instabilities and/or damage. Deductive methods based on strain mechanisms and scale transitions constitute relevant tools for a better comprehension. Two-level homogenization approaches are developed for the micromechanical modelling of the elastoplastic material behaviour. At the microscopic level, the mechanical behaviour is described by different scale transition models like self-consistent, Kröner or Mori-Tanaka. The grain is considered as a two-phase material : dislocations walls (with high density dislocation) and cells (with low density dislocation) and cells (with low density dislocation). The intragranular heterogeneities are highlighted by a non-local work-hardening, which is linked to the twophase description. Correct agreement is observed between simulations and experiments (X-ray diffraction, mechanical tests) results at the meso and macroscopic levels
ODIN, SYLVIE. „Etude sous pression du compose invar fe3pt par diffraction x et dichroisme circulaire magnetique des rayons x“. Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMasiello, Fabio. „Diffraction et imagerie aux rayons X en utilisant un faisceau cohérent : applications aux optiques rayons X et au cristaux comportant des hétérogénéités de phase“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbgrall, Serge. „Mesure des forces de frettage sur un cylindre métallique émaillé, par diffraction des rayons X et par indentations Vickers“. Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT006G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSouilah, Marc. „Étude cristallochimique de semi-conducteurs CIGSe pour cellules photovoltaïques en couches minces“. Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study mainly focuses on the crystallographic research of powder compounds with photovoltaic properties. They are used in photovoltaic thin film solar cell (2nd generation) as absorber layer. They have been produced and sold in the US and Germany in particular. A complete powder compounds re-investigation have been made by X-Ray diffraction on powder and single crystal. The aim of this research was to have a better comprehension of the crystalline phases, especially for copper poor compounds. Electronic structure calculation have been conducted on specific CIGSe composition to try to understand some special properties. The original compound CuInSe2 was used as theoretical model because many experimental references can be found in the literature. Finally, CIGSe thin-film sample have been prepared for a study by transmission electronic microscopy. The purpose was to check the crystal quality with high gallium content, because the efficiency of the solar cells tends to drop down as the gallium content increasing
Al-Khoury, Waël. „Etude structurale par spectrométrie Mössbauer et diffraction des rayons X d'alliage Fe-Cr à l'état massif et en couches minces : transformation de phase autour de la composition équi-atomique“. Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2303.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is the structural study of bulk – phase transformation (body-centered cubic) (tetragonal) at 700 °C – and thin films Fe-Cr alloys by Mössbauer spectrometry and X ray diffraction. An accurate structural characterization of the phase transformation at 700 °C in bulk FeCr alloys with coarse grains was carried out. The most relevant result, highlighted by the Mössbauer effect, is the existence of intermediate phase so-called ' between initial phase and final phase . The X-ray diffraction made it possible to reject the assumption of a B2 structure for the ' phase which structure is similar to the one. Laue's microdiffraction has shown that there were no simple crystallographic orientation relationships between the two phases. Let us note that we measured for the first time, the Young's modulus of the phase; its value is slightly higher (10%) than the phase one. Fe1-xCrx thin films with 200 nm thicknesses were prepared by ion beam sputtering. For 0 < x ≤ 0. 28, the films present a ferromagnetic behavior, whereas paramagnetic spectra CEM are obtained for 0. 32 ≤ x< 0. 70. The ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition (F/P) at room temperature appears at xc ~ 0. 30; this critical value depends on the preparation method. Finally, a very interesting parallel can be made concerning phase transformation for the equiatomic concentration between bulk and thin film alloys. Indeed, the starting and final magnetic states of the transformation are opposites. In the bulk alloys, the phase transformation starts from ferromagnetic bcc structure () and goes toward the paramagnetic tetragonal structure (), whereas in the films, a paramagnetic A15 structure () transforms in ferromagnetic bcc structure ()
Trzop, Elzbieta. „Structural changes of chemical and physical photoinduced processes studied by X-ray diffraction“. Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL’objet principal de cette thèse est l’étude par diffraction des rayons X de cristaux présentant des changements structuraux au cours de transformations photochimiques et photophysiques. D’une part, nous avons étudié des composés organiques présentant des réactions photochimiques intramoléculaires à l’état solide. Jusqu'à cette étude, peu de résultats avaient été publiés sur le suivi des changements structuraux lors de tels processus. D’autre part, nous nous sommes intéressés à la photo-commutation moléculaire dans des complexes du fer, mettant ainsi en évidence la sélectivité, par la longueur d’onde, entre états photo-stationnaires. Nous avons aussi pu suivre la dynamique hors équilibre d’une transformation photoinduite ultrarapide par diffraction résolue en temps révélant ainsi 3 étapes: (i) un changement d’état moléculaire dès la picoseconde; (ii) une dilatation de la maille vers quelques 10 nanosecondes; (iii) une commutation thermique macroscopique à l’échelle de la microseconde
Fernandes, Paulo. „Nouvelles études structurales de cristaux liquides par réflectivité et diffraction résonante des rayons X“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265389.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeunier, Jean-François. „Vérification des structures proposées pour la ferrihydrite par diffraction des rayons X des nanoparticules“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28618.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRinguette, Sophie. „Études des triglycérides et de leurs mélanges par calorimétrie et diffraction des rayons X“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0026/MQ51159.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMirloup, Fabien. „Diffraction des rayons X résolue en temps : dissociation et recombinaison de l'iode en solution“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066477.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle