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1
Ekvall, Helen. „Aha! – En evolutionär upplevelse påmuseet museet : En studie för att undersöka vad gymnasielärarebehöver för att underlätta sin evolutionsundervisningpå Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum“. Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4152.
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Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka hur gymnasielärare vill använda Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum (GNM) i sin undervisning om evolution samt att ta reda på vilka didaktiska inslag som
behövs för att motivera och inspirera fler lärare att använda museet i sin evolutionsundervisning.
Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i läroplanens styrdokument och fem begrepp som Ann Zetterqvist i sin forskning utpekar som centrala och viktiga för att kunna förstå evolutionsteorin. Forskningen visar att undervisningen om evolutionsteori är en utmaning för lärarna och slår fast att det kan behövas stöd från skolan och även från institutioner utanför. Min utgångspunkt är att GNM kan bidra till och är värdefullt för lärandet i ämnet evolution.
Undersökningens urvalskriterium är gymnasielärare som har använt museet under de senaste två åren i samband med en lektion om evolution. Undersökningen bygger i huvudsak på semistrukturerade intervjuer kompletterade med ett mindre antal enkätsvar. Forskning visar att förekomsten av en väl grundad pedagogisk policy är viktigt för museerna för att det pedagogiska budskapet skall nå fram till besökaren. Forskningen visar vidare att det är mycket viktigt att museibesöket kopplas till läroplanen. Vidare pekar forskningen på att eleverna ofta inte uppnår kunskapsmålen gällande evolutionsteorin Resultaten visar att lärarna inte medvetet planerar sitt museibesök utifrån skolans styrdokument, men deras önskemål om ämnesområden visar på en tydlig koppling till styrdokumenten. Resultaten visar även att lärarna värdesätter GNM för dess undervisning av evolutionsteorin, men för att lärarna skall känna sig motiverade att på egen hand undervisa på museet behöver de vissa didaktiska inslag och handledning. Detta arbete resulterar i ett antal didaktiska förslag baserade på lärarnas och museipedagogens önskemål.
The main objective with this paper was to investigate how college teachers wish to use The Natural History Museum of Gothenburg (GNM) when teaching evolution, and also to determine which didactic elements are required to motivate other teachers to use the museum when teaching evolution. The foundation of this study is built on the school curriculum and five concepts which Ann Zetterqvist identifies in her research as central and necessary for understanding evolution. Research indicates that teaching the theory of evolution is a challenge for teachers and also emphasizes the importance of internal and external support. I propose that GNM is valuable for teaching evolution. The criteria for the selection of candidates are college teachers who have used the museum during the last two years to teach evolution. The study is based on semi-structured interviews completed with questionnaires. Research reveals that without a conscious educational policy the museums pedagogic message may not reach the visitor. Research also shows that it is very important that museums school programme is based on the national curriculum. Results from previous research reveal that students have difficulty in reaching the curricular goals concerning evolution.The results from this study show that teachers had not consciously followed the curriculum when planning their visit, their subject request is however clearly applicable to the curriculum. The teachers interviewed clearly value GNM as a place to teach the theory of evolution, but request certain didactic elements and teacher guides to motivate teaching without the aid of a museum teacher. This study results in a number of didactic elements based upon the teachers and museum teachers' requests.
2
Colborn, Robert Maurice. „Manilius on the nature of the Universe : a study of the natural-philosophical teaching of the Astronomica“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:481db8c5-4a3b-42ff-b301-eafc3e2f9ad8.
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The thesis has two aims. The first is to show that a more charitable approach to Manilius, such as Lucretian scholarship has exhibited in recent decades, yields a wealth of exciting discoveries that earlier scholarship has not thought to look for. The thesis' contributions to this project centre on three aspects of the poem: (I) the sophistication of its didactic techniques, which draw and build on various predecessors in the tradition of didactic poetry; (II) its cosmological, physical and theological basis, which has no exact parallel elsewhere in either astrology or natural philosophy, and despite clear debts to various traditions, is demonstrably the invention of our poet; (III) the extent to which rationales and physical bases are offered for points of astrological theory – something unparalleled in other astrological texts until Ptolemy. The second, related aim of the thesis is to offer a more satisfying interpretation of the poem as a whole than those that have hitherto been put forward. Again the cue comes from Lucretius: though the DRN is at first sight primarily an exposition of Epicurean physics, it becomes clear that its principal concern is ethical, steering its reader away from superstition, the fear of death and other damaging thought-patterns. Likewise, the Astronomica makes the best sense when its principal message is taken to be not the set of astrological statements that make up its bulk, but the poem’s peculiar world- view, for which those statements serve as an evidential basis. It is, on this reading, just as much a poem ‘on the nature of the universe', which provides the title of my thesis. At the same time, however, it finds new truth in the conventional assumption that Manilius is first and foremost an advocate of astrology: it reveals his efforts to defend astrology at all costs, uncovers strategies for making the reader more amenable to further astrological study and practice, and contends that someone with Manilius' set of beliefs must first have been a devotee of astrology before embracing a natural- philosophical perspective such as his. The thesis is divided into prolegomena and commentaries, which pursue the aims presented above in two different but complementary ways. The prolegomena comprise five chapters, outlined below: Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive survey of the evidence for the cosmology, physics and theology of the Astronomica, and discovers that a coherent and carefully thought-out world-view underlies the poem. It suggests that this Stoicising world- view is drawn exclusively from a few philosophical works of Cicero, but is nonetheless the product of careful synthesis. Chapter 2 explores the relationship between this world-view and earlier Academic criticism of astrology and concludes that the former has been developed as a direct response to these criticisms, specifically as set out in Cicero’s De divinatione. Chapter 3 examines the later impact of Manilius’ astrological world-view, as far as it can be detected, assessing the evidence for the early reception of his poem and its role in the history of philosophical astrology. The overwhelming impression is that the work was received as a serious contribution to debate over the physical and theological underpinnings of astrology; its world-view was absorbed into the mainstream of astrological theory and directly targeted in the next wave of Academic criticism of astrology. Chapter 4 looks at the more subtle strategies of persuasion that are at work in the Astronomica. It observes, first, a number of structural devices and word- patternings that set up the poem as a model of the universe it describes. This first part of the chapter concludes by asking what didactic and/or philosophical purpose such modelling could serve. The second part examines how, by a gradual process of habituation-through-metaphor, the reader is made familiar with the conventional astrological way of thinking about the world, which might otherwise have struck him as a baffling mass of contradictions. The third part looks at the use of certain rhetorical figures, particularly paradox, to re-emphasise important physical claims and assist the process of habituation. Chapter 5 takes on the task of making sense of the Astronomica as a whole, seeking out an underlying rationale behind the choice and ordering of material, accounting as well as is possible for its apparently premature end, and asking why, if it is a serious piece of natural-philosophical teaching, it so often appears to be self- undermining. A short epilogue asks what path can have led Manilius to embark on such a work as the Astronomica. It offers a sketch of the author as an adherent (but not a practitioner) of astrology, who had developed a philosophical system first as scaffolding for an art under threat, but had then come to see more importance in that philosophical underpinning than in the activities of prediction. The lemmatised commentaries that follow cover several passages from the first book of the Astronomica. As crucial as the remaining four books are to his natural-philosophical teaching, it is in this part of the poem that Manilius concentrates the direct expositions of his world-view. Like the chapters, the commentaries' two concerns are the nature and the exposition of the work's world-view. Each of the commentaries has its own focus, but all make full use of the format to tease out the poet's teaching strategies and watch his techniques operate 'in real time' over protracted stretches of text. Finally, an appendix presents the case for the Astronomica as the earliest evidence for the use of plane-image star maps. At two points in his tour of the night sky Manilius describes the positions of constellations in a way that suggests that he is consulting a stereographic projection of each hemisphere, and that he is assuming his reader has one to hand, too. This observation casts valuable new light on the development of celestial cartography.
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Gericke, Niklas. „Science versus School-science : Multiple models in genetics - The depiction of gene function in upper secondary textbooks and its influence on students' understanding“. Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3177.
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In this thesis I describe a study of how the science of genetics is transformed into school science in upper secondary level textbooks and the impact that this transformation has on students’ understanding. The didactic challenge that we face is to decide which science from the academic disciplines we should bring into schools. Using the History and Philosophy of Science as my point of reference, I identified and categorized five multiple historical models of gene function: the Mendelian model, the classical model, the biochemical-classical model, the neoclassical model and the modern model. I then developed a research instrument to be used to analyse how these models are transformed within the educational system via textbooks. Biology and chemistry textbooks from Sweden, as well as a number from English speaking countries, were studied. The models used to describe gene function in the textbooks were investigated, as were the conceptual changes between the actual models and the way they are presented in textbooks. Finally I studied how the transformed science in textbooks is understood by students. I found that all the multiple historical models were used implicitly in the textbooks. The older historical models were presented more frequently, resulting in a simplified and deterministic description of genetics. Throughout the textbooks a specific model was usually described in a particular subject matter context. The models used in the textbooks were usually hybrid models consisting of features from several of the historical models, thus creating incommensurability. The textbooks do not provide any epistemological foundations to facilitate readers’ understanding of the implications of multiple models. Furthermore my results show that, when reading the textbooks, students’ have difficulties in detecting the use of multiple models, incommensurability, and the conceptual changes that occur in a content-specific context such as gene function. Overall, students’ understanding of the use of multiple models, conceptual change, and incommensurability reflects the way in which they are depicted in the textbooks. Students’ domain-specific difficulties in understanding genetics might therefore be due to the way science is transformed into school science. These findings indicate the importance of epistemological aspects in the transformation of science into school science, i.e. science as a way of knowing, not only for students’ understanding of the nature of science, but also for their understanding of the conceptual knowledge. The degree to which school science should mimic the academic discipline, as well as an understanding of what is lost in the transformation of science into school science, are key issues discussed in the thesis.
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Aspengren, Evald. „"Så tänker jag om tro och liv i andra länder" : Barns tankar om andra kulturer i ett didaktiskt perspektiv. En studie av 200 uppsatser, skrivna av grundskoleelever på temat tro och liv i andra länder“. Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-112142.
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The subject of this study is how elementary school pupils look upon foreign cultures. Two hundred children have written essays about what they think about thoughts and belief in other countries. The analysis shows that democracy, justice and equality are very important conceptions within children's general view of life. The children are deeply sympathetic to the plight of poor people in the world, especially when they suffer from war and natural catastrophes. When the children try to explain what happens in the world, religion has no great importance. The children's great degree of empathy gives the impression that it is desirable and imperative to find a suitable didactic way to teach them about the situation in the world so they can understand it.
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Marquez, Jessica. „A natural history /“. Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/6249.
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Pipes, Todd David. „A Natural History“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500317/.
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A Natural History is a collection of original poetry written over the past three years. This project represents a period of learning and growth, as well as a concentrated effort to develop an individual writing style and voice grounded in the most enduring poetic values of the past.
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Curry, Oliver. „Morality as natural history“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2/.
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What are moral values and where do they come from? David Hume argued that moral values were the product of a range of passions, inherent to human nature, that aim at the common good of society. Recent developments in game theory, evolutionary biology, animal behaviour, psychology and neuroscience suggest that Hume was right to suppose that humans have such passions. This dissertation reviews these developments, and considers their implications for moral philosophy. I first explain what Darwinian adaptations are, and how they generate behaviour. I then explain that, contrary to the Hobbesian caricature of life in the state of nature, evolutionary theory leads us to expect that organisms will be social, cooperative and even altruistic under certain circumstances. I introduce four main types of cooperation: kin altruism, coordination to mutual advantage, reciprocity and conflict resolution and provide examples of "adaptations for cooperation" from nonhuman species. I then review the evidence for equivalent adaptations for cooperation in humans. Next, I show how this Humean-Darwinian account of the moral sentiments can be used to make sense of traditional positions in meta-ethics; how it provides a rich deductive framework in which to locate and make sense of a wide variety of apparently contradictory positions in traditional normative ethics; and how it clearly demarcates the problems of applied ethics. I defend this version of ethical naturalism against the charge that it commits "the naturalistic fallacy". I conclude that evolutionary theory provides the best account yet of the origins and status of moral values, and that moral philosophy should be thought of as a branch of natural history.
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Gabrys, Jennifer. „The natural history of electronics /“. Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103197.
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Electronics involve an elaborate process of waste-making, from the mining of raw materials to the production of microchips through toxic solvents, to the eventual recycling or disposal of obsolete equipment. These processes of pollution, remainder and decay reveal other orders of materiality that have yet to enter the sense of the digital. This thesis investigates electronics through this waste and remainder. The thesis is guided by Walter Benjamin's notion of "natural history," and focuses on the dynamic, transient and poetic qualities of outmoded or "fossilized" commodities. Described here are electronic versions of such fossils, as well as the more formless residues that are sloughed off in the pursuit of technological advance.Electronic technologies expand beyond devices and programs to an assemblage of sites and systems. Instead of a collection of outdated artifacts, this study further suggests that it is necessary not to focus solely on the abandoned electronic gadget, but also to consider the extended contexts through which electronics and electronic waste circulate. My intention here is to crack open the black box of electronics, and track their transformation to waste across a number of fields, from manufacture to disposal, and from archive to landfill, which inform the chapters below. By focusing on waste, this study is less interested in material comprehensiveness, or all that goes into electronics, and is instead more attentive toward material proliferations. In this way, I work through the "inputs and outputs" that take place not only at a material level, but also at cultural, political and economic levels. There is much more to electronics than raw materials transformed into neat gadgets that swiftly become obsolete. This study then considers electronics not from the perspective of all that is new, but rather from the perspective of all that is discarded. These discards, this study suggests, direct us toward considerations of electronics, technologies and material culture that are informed not by "upgrades," but instead by politics and poetics.
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Prendergast, Neil. „American Holidays, A Natural History“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204910.
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This dissertation examines the production and consumption of nature in middle-class American holidays. Focusing on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it follows the creation of new symbols and practices associated with Easter, the Fourth of July, Thanksgiving and Christmas. In each of these holidays, members of the middle class used nature to narrate their new identity as Americans belonging less to local, regional, or ethnic communities and more to the nuclear family and the nation. In Thanksgiving, the turkey became an important symbol in the antebellum era, the same period in which the Easter rabbit was born, the Fourth of July picnic became popular, and the Christmas tree rose to prominence. These trends resulted from the middle-class desire to make the home an idealized private life complete with its own rituals and symbols that separated it from the public life of the street. While the middle class retreated into its imagined private sphere, it did so while simultaneously claiming that their families represented the core building blocks of the nation. By conflating family and nation, the middle class generated a large demand for the physical goods that made such symbolic meaning manifest--in particular, Thanksgiving turkeys and Christmas trees. Reproducing these plants and animals, however, created agroecological problems, including crop diseases. While middle-class family holidays reinforce the scales of popular culture and mass agriculture, they do so only tenuously.
10
Chan, Fat-tim, und 陳發添. „Hong Kong natural history museum“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982761.
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Chan, Fat-tim. „Hong Kong natural history museum“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948398.
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Hope-King, Lizabeth Ann. „Natural history of Hesperoyucca whipplei“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2991.
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Explores many aspects of the Hesperoyucca whipplei (formerly known as Yucca whipplei), a type of chaparral plant that grows in arid regions of Southern California. Five of the subspecies of H. whipplei are individually described and discussed. Its relationship with its pollinator, Tegeticula maculata, is traced and documented throughout the process of a reproductive season. The project examines the historic uses of H. whipplei by the Native Americans as well as its current uses in the modern world. It includes field study lessons and Hesperoyucca recipes.
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Hougland, Uchwat Gail Ann. „Natural history of the saguaro“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1466.
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Buglass, Abigail Kate. „Repetition and internal allusion in Lucretius' 'De Rerum Natura'“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b20951f7-d299-4c5f-8470-5e67be1340ff.
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This thesis aims to solve the apparent problem of the frequent repetitions in Lucretius' De Rerum Natura (DRN). Verbal repetitions of many different lengths pervade DRN, and are noted in the scholarship. Yet a consensus has not been reached as to their purpose and function, or even if they rightly belong in the text. Multi-linear repetitions are viewed as a temporary stop-gap which Lucretius would have removed or adjusted had he lived long enough to effect it; or as later interpolations; while shorter repetitions are underplayed or even ignored altogether. But repetitions and internal allusions in DRN are part of a purposeful, meaningful didactic and rhetorical strategy, and they form much of the intellectual structure of the poem. These internal connections combine in DRN to form a remarkably complex intratextual network. The thesis argues that repetition is a crucial way in which Lucretius conveys his arguments and persuades the reader to pursue a rational life. Chapter 1 analyses the ways in which Lucretius' epic predecessors used repetition and how Lucretius may have applied these models. Chapter 2 looks at the internal evidence for the alleged unfinished state of the poem and examines the function of long repetitions in DRN. Chapter 3 investigates the rhetorical background to and functions of different kinds of repetition in DRN. Chapter 4 explores the didactic and psychological effects of repetitions and internal allusions. Chapter 5 shows how repetition creates an image of the world Lucretius describes: just as Lucretius tells us that atoms and compounds make up different substances depending on their arrangement in combination, so repetitions perform different functions and produce different outcomes depending on their placement in the text. Throughout the poem, repetition serves again and again to reinforce Lucretius' message, creating argumentative unity, and bringing order from chaos.
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Ely, Joshua. „Comparison of Focus and Audience Between Seneca’s Natural Questions and Pliny’s Natural History“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2368.
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ABSTRACT
Around 65 AD, the Ancient Roman philosopher Seneca wrote his only text concerning Natural Phenomenon: Natural Questions. Considered since medieval times as part of a trinity of great thinkers including Plato and Aristotle, Seneca’s work in rhetoric, philosophy, and legal theory still receive praise today. The praise is not replicated for Natural Questions, however. Modern historians who consider the work paint it as uninspiring. Pliny, another Roman author and philosopher, wrote a far more encompassing and detailed work called Natural History, and it is this work that is considered the premier Roman comment on Natural Philosophy. These contemporaneous works become juxtaposed and used to criticize Seneca’s work as inferior. A deeper consideration of the texts --primarily the subject material and use of poetry-- will determine that Seneca and Pliny wrote to different audiences and belong to different genres.
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Yeung, Yuk-pang. „Natural history of untreated hepatocellular carcinoma“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972287.
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Yeung, Yuk-pang, und 楊玉鵬. „Natural history of untreated hepatocellular carcinoma“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972287.
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Cunningham, David. „Gastric cancer : natural history and treatment“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293449.
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Kwan, Patrick Kwok Leung. „Refractory epilepsy : natural history and pathogenesis“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250783.
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Hampton, Simon Jonathan. „Evolutionary social psychology, natural history & the history of ideas“. Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3943/.
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The aim of this dissertation is to analyse two notions which inform contemporary evolutionary psychology. In Part I Tooby and Cosmides' (1992) Standard Model thesis of the history of twentieth century social science is examined with regard to social psychology. In Part II the practical and theoretical fecundity of the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness is examined, again with regard to social psychology. The analysis of the Standard Model thesis yields the result that it is not reliable as an intellectual history of social psychology. A principal reason for this is the failure of the thesis to acknowledge the instinct debate of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Further consideration of the instinct debate leads to the conclusion that evolutionary psychology may be in the process of repeating the history of social psychology rather than making substantive advances. The analysis of the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness concept yields two results. Firstly, in use it fails to accommodate the findings of palaeontology. Secondly, it promotes a view of mental capacity and functioning that is at odds with that of modern humans. Further consideration of the natural history of the human lineage leads to the conclusion that the past was not, in some sense, ontogenetically prior to the present and that it will not furnish social psychology with an adaptation that functions in a predictable manner. In Part III it is recommended that an evolutionary approach to social psychology should dispense with the concept of adaptation as proposed by evolutionary psychology.
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Möll, Theodor, und Joakim Arnberg. „Beträffande bilder : En kvantitativ studie av bildmaterialet i läroböcker för Historia 1b“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44013.
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With multimodal methods and material gaining traction in classrooms, the need to critically assess these becomes increasingly important, especially in order to verify their efficacy and ability to meet the needs of each individual student, regardless of ability or special requirements. In the case of this study, the focus is on textbooks produced for the course Historia 1b at the upper secondary level of the Swedish education system. By analyzing the readability, layout, and functions of illustrations in three textbooks, as well as the gender representation in the material, the aim of this study is to generate a quantifiable dataset, on which conclusions regarding the efficacy of said illustrations can be made. Additionally, the results of this study are compared to those of previous studies, to ascertain whether there is a quantifiable difference in the use of illustrations in textbooks published for use in different curricula. The results of this study indicate that there is a marginal improvement in the use of illustrations between textbooks produced for the current and the previous curriculum. Additionally, the data suggests that the representation of women in illustrations in textbooks has increased in comparison to previous studies. However, the findings indicate that there is still a need for further improvements regarding the use of illustrations in textbooks, as well as more thorough evaluations of the possibility of diminishing returns in the case of their readability.
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Abdiladif, Abdullahi. „Framing King : En kvalitativ studie om hur Martin Luther King gestaltas i medier“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39188.
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This piece of research examines how the speech Beyond Vietnam by Martin Luther King Jr. is framed by four newspapers in the United States. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the existing body of research in framing as a field of study in general. More specifically, the aim is to expand the existing literature on media research regarding Martin Luther King Jr. while he was alive. Entman’s definition of framing is operationalized through the use of a deductive method. The results show that King is framed in a negative manner. In terms of framing, Conflict Frame is the most common frame used by newspapers in response to King’s speech. This is most likely due to the cold war politics prevalent during this era.
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Strandberg, Sofia, und Amanda Leetmaa. „Karl XII, ett skräckexempel eller en hjälte? : En kvalitativ läromedelsanalys, åk 4–6“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446664.
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Krombass, Angela. „Learning about biodiversity in a natural history“. Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-115875.
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Redéen, Stefan. „Chronic Gastritis : Diagnosis, natural history and consequences“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kirurgi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56575.
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Background & alms: The main cause of chronic gastritis is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Clinical manifestations of chronic gastritis are ulcer disease, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoma tissue (MALT) lymphoma in the stomach. It is uncertain whether gastritis can be diagnosed macroscopically at endoscopy. H. pylori infection may be diagnosed by several different methods, the accuracy of which needs to be explored. Some individuals with H. pylori related chronic gastritis will develop atrophy of the gastric mucosa. This condition is the main risk factor for cancer development and may also be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency leading to hyperhomocysteinaemia. The natural history of chronic gastritis in terms of development of atrophy and ulcer disease in the adult general population is largely unknown. Material & methods: A sample of 50 I volunteers from the general population in the municipality of Linköping was examined with esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy. Blood samples were collected in the fasting state and the subjects answered a questionnaire about lifestyle factors, medications and disease history. In-hospital diagnoses and causes of death during follow-up of the population were extracted from local and national patient files. Re-examination was done in 314 subjects after a median follow-up interval of 8.4 years. Five diagnostic tests (serology UBT, RUT, culture and microscopic examination) for H. pylori infection were used at re-examination. Results: The best values of sensitivity and specificity were for visible vessels in relation to microscopic presence of severe atrophy in the gastric corpus mucosa (80% and 87%, respectively). There was a positive relation of S-homocysteine to male gender, age, S-cystatin C (renal function), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype and atrophic gastritis. Logistic regression analysis showed an association of S-homocysteine higher than 14.5 Ilmol/L to cardiovascular diseases (OR 2.05), but not to dementia overall. The incidence ofulcer was 0.45 per 100 person years and was associated with weekly NSAID use, weekly alcohol consumption (OR 19.4) and smoking (OR 31.0), but not with H. pylori status. Among subjects with chronic gastritis, the incidence of atrophy of the corpus mucosa was 1.4 per 100 person years. Considering diagnostic test for H. pylori infection the accuracy was 0.86 for serology, 0.94 for UBT, 0.94 for RUT, 0.93 for culture, and 0.93 for histological examination. There was a strong correlation between the results of UBT and the histological scores of H. pylori colonisation as well as between the results of UBT and scores of RUT. Conclusions: The occurrence of chronic gastritis or H. pylori infection is not evaluable macroscopically at gastroscopy, except for the absence of rugae or visible vessels in the gastric corpus mucosa. Serum Hcy concentrations are dependent on gender, age, the levels of vitamin B12 and folate, renal function, the occurrence of atrophic gastritis and the MTHFR 677 TT genotype. Elevated S-Hcy is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The incidence of atrophy of the corpus mucosa is 1.4 per 100 person years for chronic gastritis overall. Chronic gastritis with or without H. pylori infection is a variable process in which milder degrees of atrophy of the corpus mucosa may appear or disappear. In contrast, moderate-to-severe atrophy of the corpus mucosa rarely regresses. Age and the degree of chronic inflammation in the gastric corpus mucosa are major risk factors for the development of atrophy. The incidence of ulcer was 0.45 per 100 person years. There are only minor differences in accuracy between the three invasive tests for H. pylori infection. The UBT is recommended for situations where endoscopy is not required. RUT may be recommended as the first non-invasive method of choice in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
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Presland, Gary. „The natural history of Melbourne - a reconstruction“. Connect to thesis, 2005. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2887.
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This thesis is an attempt to reconstruct the physical environment of the Port Phillip area as it was at the time of first European arrival, ie. c.1800. At the time it was first encountered by Europeans, in 1803, the land around Port Phillip Bay supported a wide diversity of ecosystems. For millennia the area was the territory of Aboriginal clans belonging to two language groups, Woi wurrung and Boon wurrung. These peoples lived in spiritual union with the land, exploiting its abundant resources, and, through a range of practices, maintaining it in the form in which it had been created. The encroachment of Europeans onto clan estates, beginning in the 1830s, brought dramatic changes to this Aboriginal way of life, and also to the local landscapes themselves. The thesis propounded here is that the natural history of the area was a major influence on the occupation and use of the area by humans, and that to understand the particulars of that natural history is to have an insight into the human history. The bulk of the study is therefore a reconstruction of that natural history, which is offered as the physical context of human action in the area. (For complete abstract open document)
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Bickerstaff, Derek Richard. „The natural history of post-traumatic algodystrophy“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1843/.
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Algodystrophy, particularly in it's less severe form, is a poorly recognised and ill understood condition which, when it occurs after fracture, delays rehabilitation. This study investigated the incidence, natural history and morbidity of post-traumatic algodystrophy. In addition a therapeutic trial of nasal calcitonin was undertaken. Quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques were devised to assess the clinical, skeletal and biochemical features of the condition. Several were shown to be sufficiently sensitive and specific to be of value in assessing the disorder and were applied prospectively to 274 patients who had sustained a Colles' fracture. The features of algodystrophy were significantly clustered (p <0.0001), confirming the presence of a distinct syndrome which affected 28% of patients with Colles' fracture. Six months after fracture, the proportion of algodystrophic patients complaining of swelling had fallen to 20-30%, vascular instability and tenderness to 50%, and stiffness to 80%. These abnormalities were associated with a significant (p < 0.0001) loss of function. At one year stiffness was still apparent in 50% of cases. In the absence of the other features, stiffness would not necessarily be attributed to algodystrophy and may explain the low reported incidence of this condition following fracture. It may, however account, at least in part, for the permanent loss of hand function seen following Colles' fracture. The present survey also showed a more marked and persistent loss of bone in patients with algodystrophy than in Colles' fracture controls. This was associated with a significantly increased uptake on bone scintigraphy and decrease in bone formation as measured by serum osteocalcin. The mechanism causing these skeletal changes and their implications are discussed. Treatment with nasal calcitonin did not alter the natural history of the disorder. This study has shown that post-traumatic algodystrophy is more common than originally thought, is associated with significant short-term morbidity and may be responsible, at least in part, for long-term loss of function after Colles' fracture. In addition, it is associated with a persistent loss of skeletal mass.
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Mahmood, Tahir A. „The pathology and natural history of endometriosis“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277378.
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Endometriosis is a puzzling condition responsible for considerable morbidity. The literature is characterised by a large number of reports but there is surprisingly little agreement on the aetiology and pathophysiology. In particular the relationship between mild endometriosis and subfecundity is uncertain. The aim of the studies described in this thesis was to document the incidence, and symptomatology of endometriosis in the fertile and infertile population, to study the natural history of endometriosis in infertile women and to study folliculogenesis, fertilisation and pathophysiology of periovulatory events in spontaneous menstrual cycles. The relevant literature has been extensively reviewed in the first chapter. By using diagnostic laparoscopy, a large group of fertile and infertile women in the premenopausal age group were studied to document the incidence of endometriosis. Endometriosis was more common in the infertile women. Prolonged usage of combined oral contraceptive pill might have a protective effect against the development of endometriosis. A questionnaire based study of menstrual symptomatology concluded that deep dyspareunia was equally frequent among women harbouring pelvic pathology whether endometriotic or post infective in origin, but congestive dysmenorrhoea was more prevalent among women having mild endometriosis. The study of the natural history of endometriosis suggested that among susceptible women the disease will progress despite treatment with danazol or with diathermy ablation but disease progression was much worse if patients were left untreated. A group of 21 women with primary infertility of more than 3 years duration were extensively studied over two consecutive cycles to study folliculogenesis. The majority of these patients had normal follicular development, and had sonographic evidence of ovulation followed by a normal luteal phase. Furthermore no abnormalities of oocyte maturity and fertilisation were noted in the spontaneous cycles studied. Similarly the endocrine milieu provided by follicular and peritoneal fluids was comparable to a control group. The subfecundity in patients with endometriosis remain essentially unexplained.
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Steiner, Siri Lefren. „The natural history of a lost sense“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39441.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27).
This thesis is an investigation of the vomeronasal organ, which senses pheromones. It traces the use of the organ in land-dwelling vertebrates, and suggests evidence that the organ is vestigial in humans and Old World monkeys. Possible explanations for the loss of the vomeronasal organ in these groups are described and evaluated. Notably, the development of tri-color vision may have replaced pheromones for sexual selection in these lineages. This may explain the human proclivity for visual information over pheromonal cues.
by Siri Lefren Steiner.
S.M.
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Braitman, Laurel. „Animal madness : a natural history of disorder“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86284.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 255-288).
Beginning in the late 19 th century, changing conceptions of relatedness between people and other animals -- and animals' assumed capacities for, or susceptibilities to, mental or emotional distress-- were influenced by debates over what it meant to be both human and sane in Britain and the United States. Through a historical, partly-ethnographic, investigation of animal insanity in various times and places in the Anglo-American world from the late I 9 th century through the early 21st, I argue that identifying animal madness, insanity, nervous disorders, anxiety disorders, phobias, depression, obsessive compulsivities, suicidal behaviors and more, has not only served as a way of affixing meaning to puzzling animal acts, but has been used to denote borders (or lack thereof) between certain groups of humans and certain groups of animals. As with other divisions, such as those hinging on race, gender, nationality or class, ideas surrounding which humans and which other animals could experience particular forms of insanity have been used to justify certain forms of treatment (or mistreatment), to rationalize needs for confinement or freedom, or to determine what sorts of people and other creatures were deserving of rights and to what degree. I suggest that the history of attempts to identify certain emotional phenomena such as melancholy and suicidal behavior in horses and monkeys, to, more recently, obsessive-compulsivity in parrots and PTSD in military dogs, demonstrates that other animals have acted as mirrors and proxies for disordered Anglo-American minds for more than a century. Drawing upon archival sources, published literature in the fields of ethology, psychology, psychiatry, psychopharmacology, and the veterinary sciences, as well as environmental history, history of medicine and animal studies, combined with interviews and participant observation, I argue that attempts to locate insanity, mental illness, dysfunction and "normalcy" among nonhumans has had wide-ranging effects on diagnostic and therapeutic practices in humans and other animals alike in the United States and Britain.
by Laurel Braitman.
Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS)
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Gatenby, P. A. C. „The natural history of columnar-lined oesophagus“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445572/.
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The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has increased faster than that of any other solid tumour over the last 50 years. The major aetiological factor associated with this tumour is prolonged gastro-oesophageal reflux resulting in metaplastic change in the squamous mucosa to a columnar mucosa (columnar-lined Barrett's oesophagus) with subsequent dysplasia and ultimately neoplastic change to adenocarcinoma. The natural history of this transformation is poorly documented and guidelines have only been developed recently to aid clinicians in their management of columnar-lined oesophagus. This is a retrospective observational cohort study of 2751 patients from 7 United Kingdom centres collated through the UK National Barrett's Oesophagus Registry. It has followed the course of their progress preceding the diagnosis of columnar-lined oesophagus through the course of their clinical follow-up and endoscopic surveillance. The thesis is divided into 5 principal studies examining the natural history of columnar-lined oesophagus and its progression to adenocarcinoma and a sixth examining the validity of the database. The project has examined demographic and epidemiological factors in columnar-lined oesophagus as well as overall rate of progression to adenocarcinoma. The importance of the length of the metaplastic segment and changes in this length and diagnostic histology with reference to malignant risk are examined and discussed. The progress of the metaplastic segment over time is examined with reference to the detection of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma at surveillance. The influence of antireflux treatment (medical and surgical) and symptomatic duration (and type) on the outcome of patients with columnar- lined oesophagus are described. The project has provided a large cohort (the largest in the world with the exception of a pathology report-based database) for examination of the outcome of columnar-lined oesophagus which makes a significant contribution to knowledge on this subject to aid professional bodies in their guidelines and clinicians in their management of this condition.
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Demonaco, Stefanie. „Natural History of Biliary Sludge in Dogs“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56557.
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Background: Biliary sludge is associated with gallbladder (GB) dysmotility and mucus hypersecretion suggesting that these factors could lead to GB mucoceles. If biliary sludge does progress to GB mucoceles, treatments to reduce the production and progression of sludge are warranted.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the natural history of biliary sludge in dogs.
Animals: Healthy, client-owned dogs (n=74) screened for biliary sludge; 42 affected dogs identified
Methods: Prospective, observational design. Serial ultrasound examinations and biochemistries were evaluated over 1 year. The following were determined: percentage of the GB filled with sludge (mild (0.01%-24.4%), moderate (24.5%-49.4%), moderate to severe (49.5%-74.4%), severe (74.5%-100%)), gravity dependency of sludge, GB dimensions, and biochemical indices (ALT, GGT, ALP, total bilirubin, albumin, total calcium, triglycerides, and cholesterol). Mixed model ANOVA, Friedman chi-square, Mantel-Haenzsel chi-square tests, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to detect significant changes in these parameters. Significance at P <0.05.
Results: After 1 year of follow-up, the percentage of the GB filled by sludge was mild (34%), moderate (47%), moderate to severe (13%), severe (3%), or absent (3%) with no significant difference in the median degree of biliary sludge within 1 year (P=0.36). There was no significant change in the gravity dependency of sludge over 1 year. Dogs had resolved (2%), decreased (19%), static (40%), increased (29%), or recurrent (10%) sludge at the conclusion of the study. Biochemical indices or GB volume were not significantly different over time or among groups.
Conclusion: Biliary sludge is prevalent, affected dogs remain asymptomatic, and it rarely resolves in healthy dogs over a period of 1 year. Some dogs developed non-gravity dependent sludge within 1 year, which may indicate changes in consistency.Master of Science
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Dickson, Robert A. „Idiopathic scoliosis : aetiology, natural history and treatment“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27907.
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Spinal deformities are fundamentally abnormalities of spinal shape in the sagittal plane and their causation and behaviour are an amalgam of biomechanical and biological factors. There are two primordial deformity types - scoliosis and kyphosis. Structural scolioses are produced by buckling of an area of lordosis, while kyphoses are rotationally stable and remain in the sagittal plane. Idiopathic thoracic scoliosis is effectively the opposite deformity to Scheuermann's kyphosis and both conditions represent the end of a spectrum of normal lateral thoracic profiles. Non-idiopathic spinal deformities are both more prevalent and progressive because of weakness of the spinal column at soft tissue, bone, or nerve and muscle level. Minor degrees of scoliosis are common in children and non-structural deformities secondary to a tilted pelvis must be identified and excluded so that attention can be focussed on those with progression potential. Small inconsequential thoracic curves become rotationally progressive when the thoracic kyphosis flattens and reverses during the early adolescent growth spurt. Thus the condition of progressive thoracic idiopathic scoliosis is more prevalent in girls who are maturing at this time. In later adolescence, when boys are maturing, the thoracic kyphosis increases again and thus boys who are now growing faster are more vulnerable to 'Scheuermann's' kyphosis. When the normally kyphotic animal spine is rendered lordotic over consecutive segments then progressive buckling occurs with growth to produce a three-dimensional spinal deformity similar to that encountered in children. Importantly, when the thoracic kyphosis is restored there is a tendency towards resolution. For thoracic scoliosis of clinical significance conservative treatment is disappointing because the three-dimensional nature of the deformity cannot be favourably influenced externally.
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Thorp, Robert. „Uses of history in history education“. Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-23027.
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This compilation thesis contains an introductory chapter and four original articles. The studies comprising this thesis all concern aspects of how historical culture is constituted in historical media and history teachers’ narratives and teaching. It is argued that the teaching of history is a complex matter due to an internal tension resulting from the fact that history is both a product and a process at the same time. While historical facts, and knowledge thereof, are an important aspect of history, history is also a product of careful interpretation and reconstruction. This study analyses and discusses how history is constituted in history textbooks and popular history magazines, i.e. two common historical media, and in teachers’ narratives and teaching of history. The study finds that the historical media studied generally tend to present history as void of perspective, interpretation and representation, suggesting this to be the culturally warranted form of historical exposition. Moreover, the teachers studied also tend to approach history as if it were not contingent on interpretation and reconstruction. These results indicate that the history disseminated in historical media and history classrooms presents history in a factual way and disregards the procedural aspects of history. Applying the history didactical concepts of historical consciousness, historical culture and uses of history, this thesis argues that an essential aspect of historical understanding is an appreciation of the contextual contingency that characterises history. All history is conceived within a particular context that is pertinent to why and how a certain version of history is constructed. Furthermore, all history is also received within a particular context by people with particular preconceptions of history that are contextually contingent, in the sense that they are situated in a certain historical culture. Readers of historical media are members of societies and are thus affected by how history is perceived and discussed in these contexts. This thesis argues that an awareness of these aspects of history is an important factor for furthering a complex understanding of history that encompasses the tension highlighted above.
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Schiöler, Katarina. „Kurskonstruktörer i ett målstyrt system : En studie av hur två lärare planerar en gymnasiekurs i historia“. Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-12138.
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The focus of this study is planning for the school subject History in the Swedish upper secondary school. In a goal-oriented educational system teachers have – to some extent – the possibility to interpret and decide how the formal curriculum should be realized in practice. The starting point of this study is the claim that planning is a complex process and that more knowledge is needed about its implementation in today´s school. The planning of the History syllabus, as planned and performed by two teachers in upper secondary schools has been studied during one term with special emphasis on the teachers´ planning related to the national documents. Starting from the teachers´ description of their planning, a model that seems to be a relevant tool to help describe and analyse central aspects of planning, has been used. Their planning has also been described by the help of various concepts and perspectives. The study includes, among other things: the teachers´ selection of story and organizing principle, the measure of intention when planning for the goals in the formal curriculum, the selection of various analytical tools, the teaching for resonance, the planning for transparency and progression of the assessment, the selection of assessment tools and the basis for assessment. The study has also included the issue of whether the goals in the formal curriculum have primarily been interpreted in a general manner or related to the special school subject History, and to what extent the goals in the formal curriculum have been integrated in the didactic decisions made in order to plan teaching and evaluation.Baksidestext Beskrivningen av planeringsuppdraget i ett målstyrt system handlar ofta om hur uppdraget är tänkt att utföras och mer sällan om hur uppdraget genomförs i praktiken. Med tanke på att det är lärare och elever som i sista hand beslutar om hur undervisningen och bedömningen ska utformas så är det praktiska genomförandet intressant att studera och diskutera. Den här studien har som mål att med praktiknära utgångspunkter analysera frågan om vad planeringsarbetet för en kurs i historia kan handla om. I undersökningen har två lärares beskrivning av sin planering av undervisning och bedömning följts under en termin. I studien har det visat sig att planering av en kurs i historia handlar om en mängd olika beslut som kan beskrivas med olika begrepp och perspektiv. Som exempel kan nämnas: val av kursens berättelse och organisationsprincip samt val av olika redskap som eleverna ska få. Med utgångspunkt i lärarnas beskrivning av sin planering har undersökningen lyft fram en planeringsmodell som framstår som ett relevant verktyg för att beskriva och analysera centrala aspekter av planeringsarbetet. Studien har uppmärksammat frågan om i vilken grad som kursplanens mål tolkats generellt eller ämnesspecifikt samt frågan om i vilken grad som kursplanens mål integrerats i de didaktiska beslut som tagits för att utforma undervisning och bedömning. Förhoppningen är att begreppen och perspektiven kan underlätta diskussion och reflektion vid praktiskt planeringsarbete.
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Schrader, Geoffrey David. „Chronic depression : clinical features, classification and natural history /“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs377.pdf.
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Shaw, Adam Charles. „Natural history and clinical studies of Noonan Syndrome“. Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497895.
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Evans, J. R. „Heterogeneity in the natural history of Parkinson's disease“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598888.
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The aim of my thesis has been to improve understanding of the character and determinants of phenotypic heterogeneity in PD. The following data is presented: Methods used in the identification of a novel, representative cohort of individuals newly diagnosed with parkinsonism in the Cambridgeshire area. Multiple sources of referral were used to maximise ascertainment over a 21 month case collection period. A crude incidence of PD of 13.0 / 100,000 person-years, and of all-cause parkinsonism 15.9 / 100,000 person-years is estimated. A comparative analysis with data from a previous incidence study in the same population is presented. An analysis of cognitive heterogeneity in this cohort using the results of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. A classification system for defining mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) is presented and discussed. PD-MCI is identified in 17.4% of participants at their baseline assessment, and shown to be associated with lower pre-morbid IQ and a greater burden of axial symptoms. A descriptive analysis of the use of two tests which have predictive utility in other neurodegenerative dementias, Paired Associates Learning (PAL) and the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination (ACE), is also presented. An exploration of the frequency and concomitants of neuropsychiatric disturbance in this representative population, with particular emphasis upon apathy and sleep disturbance. Apathy is identified in 22.8% and shown to be independently associated with increased age, depression and impairment in executive function. Figures for impairment of nocturnal sleep and excessive daytime somnolence are also presented, the first such description in an unselected PD population. A data-driven analysis of the natural history of progression in PD using data from a previously established incident cohort, followed longitudinally for up to 7.9 years. A multivariate statistical model is employed to derive a mean rate of motor progression on the commonly used UPDRS-3 scale of 2.24 points/year. Axial (gait and postural) PD symptoms are shown to progress most rapidly. Survival analysis methods are used for model progression to a major axial milestone (loss of postural stability) and risk factors for an adverse prognosis are evaluated. Investigations into the genetic basis of cognitive heterogeneity in PD. The MAPT H1/H1 genotype, which has previously been linked with increased dementia risk in PD, is shown to be associated with an altered pattern of tau transcription in post-mortem PD cortex, a novel finding which contributes to our understanding of the pathogenesis of dementia in PD. The influence of a common polymorphism in the gene encoding Butyrylcholinesterase upon cognition in PD is also investigated.
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Beck, David. „Thoroughly English : county natural history, c.1660-1720“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58036/.
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This thesis focuses upon the county natural history, a genre of writing unique to England in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century which spanned subjects which we might now refer to as genealogy, heraldry, cartography, botany, geology, and mineralogy, among others, while retaining a focus on a single county. It situates the genre firmly as a successor to local antiquarianism and chorography in Tudor and early Stuart England. In focusing on a single genre which spans both historical and natural topics, methodologies of enquiry from several historiographic fields are utilized: particularly heavily drawn upon are historical geography, historical epistemology, as well as cultural histories of both history and religion. The thesis aims to make two specific historiographic contributions. Firstly, it demonstrates the value of integrating cultural histories of natural objects and the landscape with historical epistemology. As well as being an object of philosophical or “scientific” knowledge, nature and the landscape held significant cultural meaning, particularly when located in historical narratives and understood as part of God’s world. This is exposed particularly clearly in chapter four’s discussion of physicotheology’s duality: both biblical and natural study combined to emplace God in the landscape. Secondly the thesis offers a reflection on the meanings of locality, place, and the construction of the landscape utilized in historical geography and the history of science. In this period both the nation and physical landscape were envisaged as constructed from discrete “parts”, counties. This is set in the context of earlier, and better known, ‘nation’ constructions, Camden’s construction of the nation by analogy to the human body around the turn of the seventeenth century, and Defoe’s construction of the nation as a trade network centred upon London in 1724.
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McDougall, Neil Ian. „The natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318950.
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Maia, Ana Teresa Luis Lopes. „Molecular genetics and natural history of childhood leukaemia“. Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408476.
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Kinyanjui, Samson Muchina. „The natural history of immune responses to malaria“. Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251401.
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Oettler, Jan. „Natural history, plastic traits and reproduction in ants“. kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2008/1089/.
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Martin, Thomas Peter Cutlack. „The natural history and management of vestibular schwannomas“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3748/.
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Over the past decade (2000-), the management of vestibular schwannomas has been in a state of flux. An increasing availability of magnetic resonance imaging has allowed clinicians to monitor tumour progression and increasingly, it has become recognised that once diagnosed, a significant proportion of lesions do not continue to grow. As a result, a number of neurotological centres have advocated conservative management as appropriate for small-medium sized tumours. Birmingham has been one of these centres, and this thesis presents data gathered over the past fifteen years that reflects this change in management, drawing upon the Birmingham Vestibular Schwannoma Database maintained by the author. The thesis addresses issues pertinent to conservative management: growth rates among observed tumours, risk factors for growth, the evolution of hearing while under observation and proposes a radiological surveillance protocol. More broadly, the thesis examines other themes important in the management of patients with vestibular schwannomas: the role of functional surgery and the possibility of rehabilitation in single-sided deafness. A number of chapters from the thesis have been published in peer-reviewed journals and are presented here in updated or amended form.
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Culver, Emma L. „Natural history and pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:31650f77-91ca-4fb9-8dbe-88bad1948145.
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IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory condition characterised by elevated serum IgG4 and an abundance of IgG4 plasma cells in involved organs. The natural history of disease and pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, and are explored in this thesis. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD is a challenge. Evidence to support a serum IgG4 level of 2.8g/l in differentiating IgG4-RD from non-IgG4-RD conditions, a serum IgG1:IgG4 ratio of 0.24 in differentiating IgG4-sclerosing cholangitis from primary sclerosing cholangitis with elevated serum IgG4, and the role of serum IgE in those with a history of allergy and atopy is provided. Furthermore, observational data highlighting new environmental risk factors and disease associations are revealed. Despite being considered a benign corticosteroid-responsive condition, evidence for disease relapse, organ dysfunction and failure, malignancy and mortality in a prospective cohort is shown. Patterns of disease presentation and levels of serum IgG4 and IgE at diagnosis are used to identify those who relapse and develop multi-organ disease. A single antigen initiating disease has yet to be found. Polyclonal IgG4 responses to multiple environmental antigens in IgG4-RD are reported, and evidence against Helicobacter pylori plasminogen binding peptide as a microbial antigen is shown. Novel HLA class II associations, linked to disease susceptibility in a UK cohort provide support for immune-mediated pathogenesis. Gene expression analysis implicates cytokines in driving IgG4 switch and proliferation, chemokines in trafficking and homing of lymphocytes to end organs, complement proteins in the classical and lectin pathways, and members of the TGF-beta pathway as putative immune drivers of disease. Differences in the phenotype of IgG1 and IgG4 B cells in health and IgG4-RD are reported, including responses to complement activation and immune complexes. Finally, elevated IgE levels, the presence of IgE-positive mast cells in involved tissues, and up-regulation of the Fc-Epsilon receptor on the surface of IgG4 cells, support the role of an IgE-mediated response.
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Moses, Andrew A. „Spasmodic dysphonia: a natural history and patient demographics“. Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12535.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that can affect a variety of people at different ages. The characteristics are involuntary repetitive contractions of muscles, causing stereotyped movement and postures, or torsion. These movements are caused by the co-contraction of both agonist and antagonist muscles. Spasmodic dysphonia, or SD is a type of dystonia that is characterized by involuntary contraction of the muscles involved in phonation and typically begins in those who are over the age of 28. The morphology of the laryngeal nerves and intrinsic laryngeal muscles are normal in most patients, and this suggests that the cause of the misfiring is upstream to the larynx. Spasmodic dysphonia is separated into two categories, adductor or abductor type spasmodic dysphonia or ADSD and ABSD, respectively. In this study we evaluated a population of 74 SD patients over several years, compiling data on demographics, onabotulinumtoxinA treatment, the difference between age of onset and age at diagnosis, and Voice-Related Quality of Life Survey (V-RQOL) results. Our results indicated that the vast majority, 70 patients, had ADSD while 4 had ABSD. The average age of onset was 43.1 years old, and the average age at diagnosis was 50.2, making the average difference between age of onset and age at diagnosis 7.1 years. The time between symptom onset and diagnosis varied considerably when patients were subdivided into those with symptom onset before or during 1983 and those with symptom onset after 1983. The year after 1983, 1984, was chosen, as this is the point at which botulinum toxin treatment for SD became available. The elapsed time between symptom onset and diagnosis varied for patients that had symptoms onset prior to 1983 and after 1983, 27.7 years and 3.4 years respectively. The total V-RQOL score for the before treatment group was 33, and the total score for the after treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA group was 15, making the total drop in points 18 or a 54.5% decline in severity of voice symptoms. The analysis of the botulinum toxin treatment over time for SD patients showed that there was an increase of 0.3 onabotulinumtoxinA units per true vocal fold for ADSD patients and 95.6 onabotulinumtoxinA units per posterior cricoarytenoid muscle for ABSD patients. The Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale was effective to evaluate whether spasmodic dysphonia symptoms worsened over time with or without botulinum toxin treatment, and overall our results indicate symptoms do not worsen over time, although they also do not get better over time as well. This shows that while botulinum toxin is a successful treatment of SD patient symptoms, it does not treat the cause of spasmodic dysphonia and is therefore not a permanent solution. The V-RQOL over time showed a drop in score before treatment as opposed to after treatment. A student's t-test was performed at a 95% confidence interval, and these changes were shown to be statistically significant when compared to no change in V-RQOL scores (p=0.027). This shows that while botulinum toxin is not a permanent cure, it is an effective treatment and the best available treatment at this time.
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Davidson, Jacob B. „Natural History and Breeding System of Maguire Primrose“. DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/696.
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The goal of this thesis was to examine the breeding system and natural history of the Maguire primrose (Primula cusickiana var. maguirei). Maguire primrose is an endemic, threatened subspecies found only along a narrow corridor within Logan Canyon in northern Utah, USA. This plant displays distinct flower distyly, with clear distinction of pin and thrum morphologies (morphs). The timing of Maguire primrose flower blooms was disparate between upper and lower canyon populations, and the flowers experienced cool temperatures occasionally. I captured eight different species of flying insects visiting Maguire primrose flowers, and made 67 observations of insect visitation. Inter-morph outcrossing hand pollinations were the most successful hand pollinations performed, but were usually not as successful as those that were naturally pollinated. Selfing rates were quite low compared to outcrossing reproductive scenarios. Morph-specific fecundity differences were detected in my hand pollinations, but not in the naturally pollinated maternal plants. I did not observe clear fecundity differences based on the canyon location of Maguire primrose.
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Aghakhani, Zandjani-Martin Fabiola. „HTLV-I-associated myelopathy : natural history and interventions“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5627.
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Background: The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (TSP) and inflammation at other sites. Objectives: of the thesis were to prospectively describe the clinical progression of HAM, document the incidence of all new inflammatory events (IE) in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (AC) and in patients already diagnosed with an HTLV-1 associated inflammatory disease (HAID), explore the clinical and laboratory effects of two therapeutic approaches (anti-inflammatory and HTLV-1 reverse transcription inhibitor) and to detect and quantify extrachromosomal (EC) HTLV-1 DNA circles as markers of HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Prospective clinical study of a cohort of patients with HAID and initially asymptomatic carriers. Treatment of patients with HAM with tenofovir and with intermittent, high dose, intravenous methylpredinosolone. Detection of EC HTLV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MT-2 cell lines through polymerase chain reaction. Treatment of MT-2 cells with tenofovir and the peptide entry inhibitor Pcr-400. Results: The incidence of IE historically associated with HTLV-1 infection was 3.4/100 person years (py) for ACs and 5.9/100 py for patients with HAID (Relative Risk: AC/HAID= 0.58). Idiopathic uveitis was most common but hepatic transaminitis was also commonly observed and described for the first time in association with HAM. Tax expression in conjunction with serum soluble TNF-α-receptor I predicted 97% of patients without IE correctly. Median time from onset of HAM to unilateral walking stick use was 11 years and to wheelchair dependence 18 years. During a median follow up of 3.8 years timed walk (tw) deteriorated in 77% at a mean rate of 2sec/10m/year and 33% of patients needed additional aid. HTLV-1 viral load was stable but higher in those who deteriorated. Age of onset <50 years predicted progression. Treatment with tenofovir was not associated with clinical improvement nor change in viral load. Methylprednisolone improved pain considerably and has been incorporated in routine management of chronic pain in patients with HAM. EC 1LTR DNA circles were detected but did not correlate with HTLV-1 disease status or viral load and levels did not change significantly with in vivo or in vitro treatment. Conclusion: The progression of HAM, even in patients with chronic disease, the increased incidence of other IE and the response to pulsed methylprednisolone implies persistent inflammation that may respond to longterm anti-inflammatory therapy. The low concentration of, and lack of TDF effect in vivo and RT and entry inhibition in vitro on, EC 1 LTR DNA circles argues against a significant role of viral replication in HTLV-1 infection.
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Zandjani-Martin, Fabiola Aghakhani. „HTLV-1-associated myelopathy : natural history and interventions“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516779.
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zur, Loye Tobias Percival 1985. „History of a Natural History: Max Ernst's Histoire Naturelle, Frottage, and Surrealist Automatism“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10700.
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x, 144 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.When André Breton released his Manifesto of Surrealism in 1924, he established the pursuit of psychic automatism as Surrealism's principle objective, and a debate concerning the legitimacy or possibility of Surrealist visual art ensued. In response to this skepticism, Max Ernst embraced automatism and developed a new technique, which he called frottage , in an attempt to satisfy Breton's call for automatic activity, and in 1926, a collection of thirty-four frottages was published under the title Histoire Naturelle. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of Histoire Naturelle by situating it in the theoretical context of Surrealist automatism and addresses the means by which Ernst incorporated found objects from the natural world into the semi-automatic production of his frottages. All previous scholarship on the subject is consolidated and critically examined, and the development of frottage is traced from its earliest manifestations to its long-lasting influences.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Sherwin Simmons, Chair; Dr. Joyce Cheng; Dr. Charles Lachman