Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Dictionaries and nomenclature“
Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Dictionaries and nomenclature.
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-47 Zeitschriftenartikel für die Forschung zum Thema "Dictionaries and nomenclature" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Zeitschriftenartikel für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Zamoroka, Andrew. „Proposals for unification and use of the Ukrainian national nomenclature for native and exotic species of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Ukraine. Part I: subfamilies Spondylidinae and Prioninae“. Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, Nr. 38 (01.02.2023): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2022.38.207-218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Here, I presented the study on historical development and changes in the Ukrainian national nomenclature of the longhorn beetles, which traditionally named "Skrypuny". I collected and arranged the traditional Ukrainian names for the longhorn beetles, their regional variations, and historical attempts for their codifications. Since the middle of XIX century, vernacular names, collected in folklore expeditions, of certain groups of the longhorn beetles have been published in multiple scientific papers and school textbooks of zoology. On the beginning of XX century, most vernacular names of the longhorn beetles have been relevantly arranged in the dictionaries of the Ukrainian zoological nomenclature. The development of the Ukrainian national zoological nomenclature was forcibly stopped in the early 1930s. Due to the politics of "internationalization" and artificial "convergence of languages" in the USSR, the traditional Ukrainian vernacular names were withdrawn from the scientific use and replaced by "Vusachi" consonant with the Russian. In the second half of XX century, the Ukrainian vernacular names of the longhorn beetles were repeatedly replaced by Russian tracings and Latin transliterations in specialized zoological dictionaries and in the general dictionaries of Ukrainian language. In the current paper, I proposed methodological approaches to the derivation and standardization of Ukrainian vernacular names based on the Ukrainian Spelling. I also substantiated the reasons for choosing certain Ukrainian vernacular names for scientific use parallelly with the scientific Latin name. In the Part I, I presented Ukrainian names for 46 taxa, including 1 subfamily, 10 tribes, 17 genera, and 17 species.
2
Kuliński, Bohdan A. „Nazwy typów, części konstrukcyjnych oraz wyposażenia jednostek pływających w XVI-wiecznych drukowanych słownikach z polskim komponentem językowym“. Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki, Nr. 4 (2021): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.21.030.14794.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Names of Types, Construction Parts and Equipment of Vessels in the 16th-Century Printed Dictionaries with the Polish Language Component The article analyzes the Polish language nomenclature of types, construction parts and equipment of vessels recorded in the 16th-century printed dictionaries with the Polish component. In addition, the text reviews the current state of research and discusses the sources in view of the terminology in question. The excerpted source material has been listed in three tables.
3
WILLIAMS, D. J. „Some words used in scale insect names (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)“. Zootaxa 3087, Nr. 1 (01.11.2011): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3087.1.3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In the Introduction to the present International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) (herein referred to as the Code), there is a remark that few zoologists today or in the future can have any knowledge of the Latin language although there is adherence to Latin grammar in the Code. The present Code, nevertheless, retains the requirement that Latin or latinized adjectival species-group names must always agree in gender with the generic name with which they are combined. Furthermore, Article 30 of the Code states that a genus-group name takes the gender given for that word in standard Latin dictionaries. Moreover, Article 39.1.2.a. states that a genus-group name that is, or ends in, a Greek word transliterated into Latin without change takes the gender given for that word in standard Greek dictionaries. However, such dictionaries may not be readily available to some people. The third edition of the Code, published in 1985, contained an appendix with recommendations on the formation of names that proved useful, but this section was omitted from the present edition of the Code.
4
Gatsalova, Larisa B., Larisa K. Parsieva und Madina D. Valieva. „NEW TERMS OF THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY SPHERE IN THE RUSSIAN AND OSSETIAN LANGUAGES“. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, Nr. 4 (29.12.2022): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-4-155-170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The changes that have occurred in the Russian education system in the XXI century have entailed an influx of new words and expressions related to the provision of this type of activity. The traditions existing in Russian lexicography on the representation of the emerging nomenclature of terms can also be projected into the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation. However, at the present stage, the corpus of special words showing certain aspects of education reform has not been reflected in the dictionaries of the Russian language and requires further research. This includes a wide range of new terms, as well as those related to the documentation support of the unified state exam, as well as the procedure for its conduct.
Background. A significant number of neologisms that have entered the field of education in recent years require reflection in special dictionaries of the Russian and Ossetian languages, since this terminology is used in the professional activities of a large number of people, and its significant part is used in the educational activities of the young, being a social group.
Purpose. Analysis and classification of the nomenclature of terms related to the field of education, to the procedure for organizing and conducting the unified state exam, for their inclusion in special and bilingual dictionaries.
Materials and methods. The material for the study was regulatory legal acts concerning the procedures governing the organization and conduct of the unified state exam. The main research methods are content analysis and continuous sampling.
Results. The nomenclature of terms covering a significant part of society is determined for inclusion in both dictionaries and national corpus of the Russian and Ossetian languages. The thematic classification of special vocabulary is carried out taking into account the logical and semantic connections and the technological process of the state final certification.
Practical implications. The research materials can be used for inclusion in the national corpus of the Russian and Ossetian languages, preparation of dictionaries and in the practice of documentation support of management activities in the Ossetian language.
5
Riabets, Liudmyla. „FOLK BASIS OF TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES 20 – 30s OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY“. Terminological Bulletin, Nr. 6 (2021): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2021-6-19.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article is devoted to the question of methodological bases of creation of terminological dictionaries of the 20-30s of the last century. It was emphasized that the main ideology of scientists who worked then in the terminological commissions of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was the active involvement in the registers of terminological and general dictionaries of living language elements, the so-called “folk terminology”. Forewords and registers of several dictionaries, in particular “Dictionary of technical terminology. Mining (Project)” by Yu. Trykhvyliv and I. Zubkov,“ Dictionary of construction terminology (project). Materials for Ukrainian terminology and nomenclature “by S. Bulda and” Dictionary of physical terminology (project) “by V. Favorsky. The need to study the history of Ukrainian scientific terminology is emphasized.
6
Lavrentiev, Andrey V. „The precedents of bilingual dictionaries of religious vocabulary in modern Russia“. Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, Nr. 2 (März 2023): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.2-23.124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The compilation of specialized bilingual dictionaries of religious vocabulary in modern Russia is concerned with a number of methodological difficulties caused by the political and cultural history of the Russian area. The English-Russian and German-Russian dictionaries of religious vocabulary considered in the proposed review, compiled in the period from the 1990s to 2021, reflect the author’s solutions to the problems of intercultural communication and adequate translation of relevant meanings. In the peer-reviewed dictionaries, one can observe both various approaches of the excerption of religious vocabulary (special vocabulary of the main world religions, Christian liturgical, biblical, theological, heortological vocabulary, vocabulary of scientific and theological discourses), and different ways of terminography and translation interpretation. The analysis of peer-reviewed publications is methodologically focused on the critical coverage of the following points: the design of the vocabulary, the criteria for the inclusion of nomenclature names (biblical names, toponyms, etc.), the propriety and degree of prevalence of contextual exemplification of the term. There is an obviously positive trend in the development of German-Russian dictionaries, while the state of development of English-Russian dictionaries of religious vocabulary is somewhat inferior to the former in a number of parameters.
7
(Skip) Kingston, H. M., und M. L. Kingstonz. „Nomenclature in laboratory robotics and automation (IUPAC Recommendation 1994)“. Journal of Automatic Chemistry 16, Nr. 2 (1994): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924694000040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
These dejinitions have been assembled from standards, monographs, dictionaries, journal articles, and documents of international organizations emphasizing laboratory and industrial automation and robotics. When appropriate, definitions have been taken directly from the original source and identified with that source. However, in some cases no acceptable definition could be found and a new definition was prepared to define the object, term, or action. Attention has been given to defining specific robot types, coordinate systems, parameters, attributes, communication protocols and associated workstations and hardware. Diagrams are included to illustrate specific concepts that can best be understood by visualization.
8
Eftimova, Andreana. „Competition between Feminatives and Masculinisms in Polish and Bulgarian Dictionaries“. Balkanistic Forum 32, Nr. 3 (15.09.2023): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article presents a study of the ways of presentation of one hundred names for professions, positions, ranks, etc. in the nomenclature list for professions in the Republic of Bulgaria, and then in the Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language (DBL) and The Great Dictionary of the Polish Language (Wielki słownik języka polskiego - WSJP), which strongly influence the editors' preferences and choice of masculinisms or feminisms in traditional and web-based media and encyclopedic products. The comparison between the Polish and Bulgarian dictionaries is carried out according to four criteria in order to establish the degree of asymmetry in the presentation of feminine and masculine forms.
9
Valančiauskienė, Aušra. „Encyclopedic Information in Bilingual Dictionaries: Field of Geography“. Verbum 10 (20.12.2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
When preparing a dictionary it is impossible to ignore outside world or so called encyclopedic knowledge. In megastructure level of a bilingual dictionary, various appendices are often addede.g. toponyms, anthroponyms, and ethnonyms. Arranged before or after the corpus, these appendices are most commonly used for grammatical descriptions as well as toponyms (hydronyms and oikonims) and lists of commonly used abbreviations. At the macrostructure and microstructure level, the presentation of encyclopedic knowledge is even more evident: the nomenclature of the modern linguistic monolingual or bilingual dictionary includes a number of lexis related to a particular cognitive domain (ethnography, history, mythology, geography, economics, etc.); therefore, a lot of different encyclopedic information is provided in order to explain it. Recently, many European lexicographers have been discussing the need to avoid any appendices to the vocabulary and to instead incorporate the information contained into the text of lexicographic publication wherever possible. Researchers base this view on the fact that each additional source of information in the dictionary requires further time and energy from the user looking for the lexical unit they want. The user may also be unfamiliar or insufficiently familiar with the dictionary structure and simply be unaware that additional information can be found elsewhere rather than in the dictionary text itself. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine, based on the analytical and descriptive method, four dictionaries published in Lithuania (The Great Lithuanian-English Dictionary (2006), Lithuanian-Russian Dictionary (2015), The Great Lithuanian-French Dictionary (2012) and Lithuanian-Norwegian Dictionary (2001))in terms of geographical knowledge presentation: evaluate the presentation of this knowledge at megastructure, macrostructure and microstructure levels.
10
Linnarsson, R., und O. Wigertz. „The Data Dictionary – A Controlled Vocabulary for Integrating Clinical Databases and Medical Knowledge Bases“. Methods of Information in Medicine 28, Nr. 02 (April 1989): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635556.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract:The medical information systems of the future will probably include the entire medical record as well as a knowledge base, providing decision support for the physician during patient care. Data dictionaries will play an important role in integrating the medical knowledge bases with the clinical databases.This article presents an infological data model of such an integrated medical information system. Medical events, medical terms, and medical facts are the basic concepts that constitute the model. To allow the transfer of information and knowledge between systems, the data dictionary should be organized with regard to several common classification schemes of medical nomenclature.
11
Oren, Aharon, und Bernhard Schink. „Use of Greek in the prokaryotic nomenclature: proposal to change Principle 3, Recommendation 6, Rule 7, Rule 65 and Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes“. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, Nr. 5 (01.05.2020): 3559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Principle 3 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) states that the scientific names of all taxa are Latin or latinized words treated as Latin regardless of their origin. They are usually taken from Latin or Greek. Recently we encountered cases where newly proposed names were based on words from Modern Greek that are not derived from words found in the dictionaries of Classical Greek. In our opinion, there is no special reason why Modern Greek words not found in the classical language should have a special status in the ICNP. We therefore propose modifying Principle 3, Recommendation 6, Rule 7, Rule 65 and Appendix 9 of the ICNP to specify the special status of Classical Greek besides Latin.
12
Kazymyrova, Iryna. „Current problems of modern lingvoterminography“. Terminological Bulletin, Nr. 4 (2017): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2017-4-214-226.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Linguists’ views on the functioning of terms lexicography and terminography in the modern terminology are summarised; lingvoterminographical theoretical works are systematized and such areas as metalingvoterminography / theoretical and practical lingvoterminography / applied lingvoterminography are highlighted; lingvoterminographic achievements in Ukrainian and foreign terminology are shown. Research on metalingvoterminography / theoretical lingvoterminography are multidimensional. Linguists study general problems of metalanguage, also its questions in branch linguistic term subsystems, their relation to terminology and nomenclature, general points in taxonomy and metataxonomy. We stress on typological analysis of linguistic terminological dictionaries in metalingvoterminography, also comparative analysis of dictionaries of linguistic terminology in East Slavic countries and reproduction of branch terminology in terminographic works. Terminological problems of separate system, relations and connections of different terminology and different schools and the problem of succession in terms; general principles of composing the terminological and encyclopedic dictionaries of linguistic terms are current according to formation the lingvoterminography. Processing the principles of conclusion branch terminological dictionaries of linguistic terminology encourages researchers to pay attention to the criteria of taking terms, structure, specific competition issues Ukrainian and borrowed terms; features that represent structural variants and synonyms doublets in the dictionary; ways to register the location of items in the dictionary and displays it in a genus- species relations terms; term definition; structure of dictionary entry etc. Due to the automation of terminology and the use of computer technology there are works on study the peculiarities thesaurus design of terminology. The synthesis of science and scientific fields has led to the emergence of not numerous explorations on interdisciplinary of metalingvoterminography and ideographic metalingvoterminography. Lingvoterminography today is formed terminological discipline with wide directions of research, significant achievements and great prospects.
13
Corobcean, Doina. „Evolution of research in the onomastic terminology“. Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe Umanistice, Nr. 4(174) (Oktober 2023): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum4(174)2023_17.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Onomastics is a complex and pragmatic linguistic field, and the constantly appearing proper names require a thematic classification. An analysis of the terms in the field of onomastics is necessary to clarify their status within the discipline, in accordance with other fields (sociology, psychology, philosophy) or different than the meaning given by the dictionary. The classic nomenclature of proper names divided into anthroponyms, toponyms or zoonyms has become insufficiently accurate in rendering the concrete onymic class of the proper name, hence the need to identify, in Romanian, the classes of the usual onomastic terms. Thus, according to dictionaries, thematic glossaries made by Romanian researchers, in different periods, but also those compiled by international researchers, we can enrich the onomastic terminology with new terms, applicable to the Romanian language system.
14
Агранат, Татьяна Борисовна. „INGRIAN NOMENCLATURE: ETHNONYMS, LINGUONYMS AND TOPONYMS“. Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, Nr. 3(37) (30.12.2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2022-3-9-19.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Рассматриваются номинации трех близкородственных малых прибалтийско-финских языков, распространенных в Ингерманландии – исторической части Ленинградской области, находящихся в длительном контакте друг с другом. Описываются как синхронные, так и исторические названия, прослеживается их происхождение и причины вытеснения одних названий другими и/или сосуществования различных названий одновременно. Исследуются пути изменения и дрейфа названий этносов и их языков. Анализируются исторические источники, словари, фиксирующие разные синхронные срезы, тексты, записанные ранее исследователями этих языков, а также собственные данные автора, полученные при полевой работе с носителями этих идиомов. Помимо номинаций языков, уделяется внимание топонимам Ингерманландии, ситуация с которыми нетривиальна, – все деревни в Ингерманландии имеют по два названия с четким дополнительным распределением: одно употребляется при разговоре на автохтонном языке, другое – при разговоре по-русски. Проводится классификация соотношений прибалтийско-финских и русских топонимов, которые можно разделить на несколько групп: кальки, полукальки, в некоторых парах топонимов к одинаковым топоосновам присоединяются разные топоформанты, часть топонимов заимствована без изменений как в русский, так и из русского языка, в некоторых из них при заимствовании адаптируется фонетика, в некоторых – меняются топоформанты, имеется большая группа пар топонимов, вообще никак не соответствующих друг другу. Делается вывод о том, что сосуществование параллельных топонимов – на автохтонных и русском языках – демонстрирует сохранение этнического самосознания, несмотря на препятствующие этому условия. Малые языки, благодаря неизбежным контактам с соседями, дают обширный материал для исследования путей изменения и дрейфа названий этносов и их языков, позволяют проследить типологию таких изменений. The article examines the nominations of three minor, closely related Baltic-Finnic languages that have long been in contact with one another and are widespread in Ingria, the historical part of the Leningrad region. Both synchronic and historical names are described, their origin is traced, and the causes of certain names being replaced by others or existing simultaneously with other names are given.The models of transformation and drift of ethnic group and their languages are investigated. Historical sources, dictionaries that contain various synchronic sections, texts previously recorded by researchers of these languages, and the author's own data obtained during her fieldwork with native speakers of these idioms are examined. In addition to language nominations, the article pays attention to the toponyms of Ingermanlandia. All the villages there have two names: one is used when speaking the indigenous language, the other is used when speaking Russian. The relations of Baltic-Finnish and Russian toponyms are classified. The conclusion is made that the coexistence of parallel toponyms – in the indigenous and Russian languages – demonstrates the preservation of ethnic identity, despite the impeding conditions. Small languages, due to the inevitable contacts with neighbors, provide extensive material for the study of the processes of change and drift of the names of ethnic groups and their languages, allowing to trace the typology of such changes.
15
Lenivtceva, Iuliia D., und Georgy Kopanitsa. „Evaluating Manual Mappings of Russian Proprietary Formats and Terminologies to FHIR“. Methods of Information in Medicine 58, Nr. 04/05 (November 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Background Evaluating potential data losses from mapping proprietary medical data formats to standards is essential for decision making. The article implements a method to evaluate the preliminary content overlap of proprietary medical formats, including national terminologies and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)—international medical standard. Methods Three types of mappings were evaluated in the article: proprietary format matched to FHIR, national terminologies matched to the FHIR mappings, and concepts from national terminologies matched to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT). We matched attributes of the formats with FHIR definitions and calculated content overlap. Results The article reports the results of a manual mapping between a proprietary medical format and the FHIR standard. The following results were obtained: 81% of content overlap for the proprietary format to FHIR mapping, 88% of content overlap for the national terminologies to FHIR mapping, and 98.6% of concepts matching can be reached from national terminologies to SNOMED CT mapping. Twenty tables from the proprietary format and 20 dictionaries were matched with FHIR resources; nine dictionaries were matched with SNOMED CT concepts. Conclusion Mapping medical formats is a challenge. The obtained overlaps are promising in comparison with the investigated results. The study showed that standardization of data exchange between proprietary formats and FHIR is possible in Russia, and national terminologies can be used in FHIR-based information systems.
16
Hussein, Mohammed Abd Ali. „A study of the nomenclature of Russian vocabulary of Arabic origin denoting some religious worship, or denoting some political and social positions“. Journal of the College of languages, Nr. 46 (01.06.2022): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2022.0.46.0212.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The present paper discusses one of the most important Russian linguistic features of Arabic origin Russian lexes denoting some religious worship or some political and social positions like Qadi, Wally, Sultan, Alam, Ruler, Caliph, Amir, Fakih, Mufti, Sharif, Ayatollah, Sheikh.. etc. A lexical analysis of the two of the most efficient and most used words of Arabic origin Russian lexes that are “Caliph and Sheikh” is considered in the present study. The lexicographic analysis of these words makes it possible to identify controversial issues related to their etymology and semantic development. The study is conducted by the use of the modern Russian and Arabic dictionary, specifically, (Intermediate lexicon Dictionary) where many linguistic terms borrowed from Arabic into Russian have been identified. A comparative study of lexical Data used in Russian dictionaries and that of Arabic dictionary (Intermediate lexicon Dictionary) shows significant differences in their lexical modeling. The present study provides a lexical analysis and shows the semantic, grammatical and spelling acoustic of Arabic adapted words in Russian discourse. It is safe to say that through another intermediate language, large number of Arabic lexes have, directly and indirectly, been used in Russian, something clearly modeled in Derivative Russian dictionaries. Аннотация В данной работе обьём статьи ограничён, поэтому мы рассматрваем только два найболее эффективных, найболее интересных и найболее уботребительных слов в русском языке, это лексемы хали́ф / кали́ф и шейх, которые известно носителям русского языка и активно функционируют в русской речи. Лексикографический анализ этих слов позволил выявить спорные вопросы, связанные с их этимологией, показать специфику толькований арабизмов и развитие их семантики. На материале документов Национального корпуса русского языка исследовано функционирование иноязычий в речи, определено отношение слов к нарицательной и собственноименной лексике, к терминонологической системе языка-реципиента.
17
Etxagibel, Javier. „Pouvreauren Hiztegiaren antolakuntzaz / On the organization of Pouvreau's dictionary“. Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 49, Nr. 1/2 (14.06.2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.18818.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In the research work "Silvain Pouvreauren hiztegiaren iturriak eta testukritikaren metodologia" (ASJU XLII-2, 2008, 69-118) we studied the Pouvreau’s literature and lexical sources with the support of the text criticism. Among the conclusions, we pointed out the need of going deep into the study of the mentioned written sources, and to approach to the aspects of the Pouvreau’s lexicography that in the previous works carried out by several researchers had been insufficiently studied or remained unstudied, i.e. the dictionary patterns apart from Voltoire’s one (ASJU XLIV-2, 2010, 221-278) on what Pouvreau could based to prepare theirs, the structuration’s process of the dictionary, their chronology, the gathered basque spoken testimonies, evolution with the time of dictionary’s entries and subentries, and so on. These objectives prompted us to carry out with the aid in this occasion the metalexicography and the text criticism, the doctoral thesis called Pouvreauren hiztegia testukritika eta metalexikografiaren argitan that we defended in november of 2014.In this number of ASJU we present the section of the thesis "Pouvreauren hiztegiaren antolakuntza" that is divided in three subsections: i) about dictionary’ structure, i.e. macro and microstructure ii) about French lexicography pattern, i.e. traces of the French lexicographers Voltoire, Oudin and Nicot in the Pouvreau’s dictionary. iii) about structuration of the dictionary.The main results we have obtained are the following: the nomenclature is organized in an ethymological order as that Nicot’s dictionary has. Regarding the microstructure, our results are not conclusive, because Pouvreau’s original manuscript has a lot of marginal entries, Spanish equivalents, proverbes and so on, that difficult to draw out any final conclusion. On the other hand, Nicot’s and Oudin’s dictionaries were the main patterns that Pouvreau utilized to organize theirs, at a greater extent than Voltoire’s one. In efect, it looks like Pouvreau consulted the two dictionaries simultaneously, but choosing the ethymological order of the Nicot’s one as the guide. Finally, and according with our hypothesis Pouvreau utilized mainly two starting languages to structure their dictionary: i) French: on one hand looking for the correspondant Basque equivalents to Nicot’s and Oudin’s entries, and on the other hand, but an a more little extent by incorporating as entries several terms from he himself translated texts from French to Basque, ii) Basque: incorporating Basque authors’ and spoken testimonies.
18
Myers, Charles W., und Richard B. Stothers. „The myth of Hylas revisited: the frog name Hyla and other commentary on Specimen medicum (1768) of J. N. Laurenti, the “father of herpetology”“. Archives of Natural History 33, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2006): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2006.33.2.241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Laurenti's (1768) Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium is the source for the class name Reptilia and for many common genera, including Hyla, whose derivation is given incorrectly in dictionaries and source books. Laurenti explicitly based Hyla on the mythological boy Hylas, quoting Virgil's Eclogues in a long footnote abbreviated from Servius, the fourth-century Latin commentator on Virgil. Laurenti recognized the boy's name as masculine, but unambiguously treated the genus Hyla as feminine – a puzzling transfer of gender allowable by the modern Code of zoological nomenclature. An overview is provided of the taxonomy of Specimen medicum. Most of Laurenti's 28 generic names were obtained from earlier sources, including Linnaean species names, among them Rana hyla. Laurenti saw specimens for nearly a third of 242 included species. Other species, including twelve taxa ostensibly based solely on specimens, came from descriptions and especially illustrations in sixteenth- to eighteenth-century publications. Laurenti's taxonomic sources, variably abbreviated and usually undated, are identified and referenced. Authors have misinterpreted the literature basis for Laurenti's genus Caudiverbera, the type species of which is mythical, belonging neither to the Amphibia nor Reptilia.
19
Kornilov, Gennadiy E. „CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENITUS: AΤΕΛΚΟΥΖΟΥ CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENITUS: ATELKUZU“. Historical Search 4, Nr. 4 (26.12.2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-4-75-82.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The treatise of Konstantin Porphyrogenitus “On the Management of the Empire” is the most authoritative source on toponymy and ethnonymics of Eastern Europe regions associated with the early history of the ancestors of the modern Slavs, Turks and Indo-Iranians, so every name mentioned in it continues to arouse the most lively interest to this day.
The purpose of the study is to introduce some data that are not taken into account by historians-medievalists and evaluate the interpretations proposed by the author when reading E.M. Usmanov’s publications “On the Problem of Interpreting Medieval European Sources about the Ancestral Homeland of the Hungarians” and “The Hingilus River and the “Turks” of Konstantin Porphyrogenitus”.
Materials and methods. The main research methods were the method of analyzing historical sources, including those used by predecessors, and the historical-genetic method. The article presents the views of those who had already addressed the problem of interpreting the geographical name Atel Kuzu mentioned in Konstantin’s treatise, as well as additional information from dictionaries and other historical and linguistic sources.
Study results. The article establishes incorrectness of: 1) attributing the name Atel kuzu to the Kypchak source, since it has a bright Oguz phonomorphological appearance; 2) attributing the meaning “source; top of the river” to the Bashkir word кѳҙ/күҙ; 3) searching for the territory called Atel kuzu in the Southern Urals. Based on the material of toponymic dictionaries, it is proved that in all the names of the river sources recorded in the territory of Bashkortostan are formed on the basis of the geographical nomenclature term bash “head; beginning; source, top”, it turns out that the Oguz appearance of the toponym Atel Kuzu is associated with the fact that all medieval authors consistently call the Hungarians as the Turks.
Conclusions. The new, sensational derivation of the etymology for the historical toponym Atel Kuzu basing on the data of the modern Bashkir language does not stand up to criticism.
20
Nelyuba, Anatoliy. „DISQUALIFICATION: BACKGROUND AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE TERM (inventory and codification sketch)“. Terminological Bulletin, Nr. 6 (2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2021-6-8.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Modern Ukrainian legal terminology and nomenclature have their own distinguishing features, noticeable among them are disorder, inconsistency, non-normativity, which in turn cause functional inequality. Such features had a historical and contemporary basis: they are based on the achievements of the Soviet period (unfortunately, not always positive) and the achievements of modern times (often generated by language and legal illiteracy). A significant number of twists and disadvantages in legal terminology make a set (system?) of dangers and leads to a number of problems in both legislative and practices which use. Ukrainian scholars in the field of linguistics and law, practitioners, legislators have many tools and means in changing this situation. The task of this article is to illustrate one of the possible practical ways to avoid these and other problems – inventory and codification of terminology and nomenclature and means (ways) of their implementation. The article is concerned with the term disqualification, the history of the emergence and formation of which illustrates the processes and ways of Russification of Ukrainian legal terminology and language in general. Being unnatural, artificial, the word disqualification reveals a number of features that contradict the point of the term and terminology as a whole system: inconsistency of form and content, misinterpretation and lack of definition itself, lack of system-forming properties and, consequently, inability to be an element of hierarchy, inconsistency and incoherence of practical usage, polysemy, homonymy, generating adverse associativity, etc. The article presents the history of analyzed word emerging and ‘making’ it a term in lexicographic works (including terminological dictionaries), in legislative acts, in the practice of its usage. Taking into account the laws and rules of terms creation in the Ukrainian language, particularities of legal language and its functioning; the proper form and definition of the analyzed concept is offered, some consequences and results of consistent use of the offered term and its definition are named.
21
Jung, Euisung, Hemant Jain, Atish P. Sinha und Carmelo Gaudioso. „Building a specialized lexicon for breast cancer clinical trial subject eligibility analysis“. Health Informatics Journal 27, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 146045822198939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458221989392.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A natural language processing (NLP) application requires sophisticated lexical resources to support its processing goals. Different solutions, such as dictionary lookup and MetaMap, have been proposed in the healthcare informatics literature to identify disease terms with more than one word (multi-gram disease named entities). Although a lot of work has been done in the identification of protein- and gene-named entities in the biomedical field, not much research has been done on the recognition and resolution of terminologies in the clinical trial subject eligibility analysis. In this study, we develop a specialized lexicon for improving NLP and text mining analysis in the breast cancer domain, and evaluate it by comparing it with the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT). We use a hybrid methodology, which combines the knowledge of domain experts, terms from multiple online dictionaries, and the mining of text from sample clinical trials. Use of our methodology introduces 4243 unique lexicon items, which increase bigram entity match by 38.6% and trigram entity match by 41%. Our lexicon, which adds a significant number of new terms, is very useful for matching patients to clinical trials automatically based on eligibility matching. Beyond clinical trial matching, the specialized lexicon developed in this study could serve as a foundation for future healthcare text mining applications.
22
Woźniak, Weronika. „Les anglicismes français relatifs au cinéma : entre la terminologie, les recommendations officielles et l’usage“. AUC PHILOLOGICA 2020, Nr. 4 (11.08.2021): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2021.8.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The complex terminology of cinematography, where French and foreign terms meet and compete, reflects the nature of this domain, which is the area of international cooperation, of the exchange of thoughts and expression. In order to avoid the compulsory usage of foreign nomenclature, the creation and distribution of French equivalents have become the assignment of institutions such as the Commission d’enrichissement de la langue française and l’Académie française. Despite the development of indigenous terminology in the field of cinema, which is strongly associated with the international film industry, especially the American one, the circulation of Anglicisms remains significant. The objective of this article is to study English terms in the aforementioned domain. Therefore, firstly, the official recommendations of the Commission d’enrichissement de la langue française and l’Académie française for the employment of French terms in the field of cinema are presented. The second part constitute the analysis of the presence of English terms from the corpus, such as casting, flashback, steadicam, trailer, in contemporary French dictionaries, in relation to the official recommendations of the aforementioned institutions. Finally, we focus on the presence of Anglicisms and their French equivalents in French journalistic discourse on the example of the common press, in order to study the circulation of loans words and to examine whether they are actually substituted by notions of French terminology.
23
Gus’kova, Antonina Petrovna. „ON COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PARTS OF SPEECH IN HUNGARIAN AND RUSSIAN“. Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, Nr. 3 (02.10.2020): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-3-395-404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The issue of parts of speech in different languages remained contentious through many centuries. And it is still an unsolved problem in modern linguistics because of the weak theoretical framework which has to do with the very nature of parts of speech and lexicographical factor (for example, the choice of the dictionaries which were the basis for words selection). This factor influences parts of speech categorization, its composition and its volume. Distinguishing different parts of speech principles, their nomenclature, hierarchy is a very important question of any language’s grammar, which forms the basis of the language’s grammatical structure and it is still not resolved in modern hungarology. The present article shows the results of comparative studies of parts of speech in Hungarian and Russian. This approach reveals not only specific features of grammatical structures of these languages to show morphological distinctions of two languages of different structure but also to discover the common features, criteria and unified approach to clustering parts of speech and to grammatical categories’ description. The author’s goal was to trace the development of the linguists’ view on the part of speech, to distinguish different approaches to study them, to describe and interpret word classes in both languages by consistent comparison of linguistic facts. Meanwhile, the emphasis was on identifying inconsistencies, contrasting features and grammatical discrepancy. Special attention was paid to the review of parts of speech theory and their classification in Hungarian linguistics. The results of comparative analysis of parts of speech in Hungarian and Russian are presented in the article. Through the contentious comparing of grammatical facts of Hungarian and Russian the author established how systems of parts of speech in Russian and Hungarian can be related, what common features and differences they have. The joint use of methods of comparative linguistics is demonstrated in the article. Data of the modern explanatory dictionaries of the Hungarian language was used for analysis of the chosen lexicon. The analysis of the language facts made by tools of contrastive linguistics along with the results of comparing data of these languages let one learn Hungarian grammar easier and deeper and also let one develop the theory and practice of translation, lexicography and interculturalism.
24
Razduyev, Aleksey V., Zalikha U. Khakiyeva und Petimat M. Zekiyeva. „The Specificity of Translation of English-Language Botanical Names into the Russian Language (Drawing on the Official Succulent Plant Names of Agavoideae Subfamily)“. Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, Nr. 1 (25.03.2022): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-1-153-168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of translating English-language botanical names into the Russian language drawing on the example of the names of succulent plants of the Agave subfamily (Agavoideae), Agave genus. The topicality of the research is conditioned by the importance of the study of names of house plants (in particular, belonging to the Agave subfamily) due to their growing popularity and demand. A selection of the English- and Russian-language terminological and nomenclature units of the field of botany – species names of Agave has served as the research material, taking into account their etymology (origin), with a total volume of more than 640 units (270 units in the English language and more than 370 corresponding translation variants) selected by the continuous selection method from various electronic and printed sources, including dictionaries and glossaries, monographs, web portals on botanical topics. It is alleged that from more than 300 species of Agave described, but currently scientists have officially recognized only about 200 species, while their names require unification and standardization. In the course of work, a thematic classification of terms and nomens in the modern English and Russian languages has been conducted highlighting the key aspects of the nomination process and four thematic groups based on them, as well as a comparative analysis has been carried out determining the specifics of the translation of the selected terms and nomens from English into Russian. The methods of research of the English- and Russian-language terminological and nomenclature units of the botanical sphere include the method of continuous selection method, methods of component and definitional analysis, the method of etymological analysis, as well as methods of quantitative estimation. Within the framework of the work, it has been revealed that for 270 selected terminological and nomenclature units, there are 144 terminological elements of Latin origin, 47 term elements of Greek origin, units of Spanish, Portuguese and English origin are less represented; 74 terminological elements-proper names – surnames of famous botanists and discoverers, 50 terminological elements-proper names – geographical names; 11 terminological elements – local folk names of plants. It has been determined that two terminological elements of the same language are most often combined (Lat. + Lat. / Greek + Greek), there are only a few cases of a combination of terminological elements of Greek and Latin origin. Transcoding (transliteration and/or transcription, 270 cases) is the most frequent way of translating species names of agaves as the most universal method of translation, but it cannot transmit salient features that form the basis of the nomination. Calquing (full or partial) or its combination with transcoding (86 and 93 cases, respectively) are less often used in translation process, the selection of an analogue is even less often used translation method (23 cases). There is an obvious need to standardize the names of Agave species, to develop nomination models for new house (Agave) plants.
25
Tomilenko, Liudmyla. „INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC VOCABULARY AS PART OF THE REGISTER OF THE «MOSCOW-UKRAINIAN DICTIONARY» BY VICTOR DUBROVSKYI“. Philological Review, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2021.232711.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article covers the study of industry-specific vocabulary in Ukrainian translated lexicography of the early twentieth century (post-revolutionary era). The analysis is based on the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” (1918) written by V. Dubrovskyi. Sector-specific vocabulary in the analyzed source has its remarks as most lexicographical works have. We selected all marked units with the help of a specially created lexicographic system. The previously published article has its detailed description. The studied material thus, counts around 4 % of industry-specific words.
According to our calculations, the most numerically predominant dictionary units are the units of both biology (including botanical, zoological and anatomical terms) and medicine.
The most numerous nomenclature is the botanical one. To one Russian word, we can find multiple Ukrainian equivalents including various dialectal, regional, folk names, etc. Generally speaking, synonymy is a prevailing phenomenon to many fields of knowledge.
The zoological nomenclature is quite frequent in the analyzed dictionary too. There are many names of animals (mostly non-local) that cannot be found in the Ukrainian language today. They are absent in modern lexicographical works too. Many of them even cannot be found in the dictionaries of the post-revolutionary era.
Many little-known, colloquial, dialectal and even stylistically reduced names are can be found in the field of anatomy. Numerous names of diseases that are recorded in the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” are not part of the common medical terminology.
Comparing to the above mentioned fields, the analyzed work presents fewer terms from the field of grammar, mineralogy, mathematics, chemistry, music, military affairs, and technology. The biggest number of words that belong to the modern Ukrainian scientific language can be found in the fields of grammar, mathematics and chemistry.
Few single terms that were mentioned in the dictionary belong to such sciences as veterinary medicine, hunting, construction, etc.
Consequently, the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” contains a number of industry-specific vocabulary that is not registered in the modern Ukrainian scientific language. Moreover, synonymy is considered to be a prevailing phenomenon, despite being not typically used in all industries. Largely as a result of the analysis made, the author indeed desires to choose Ukrainian terms that would be as different as possible from the Russian equivalents.
26
Claes, Frans M. W. „Über die verbreitung lexikographischer werke in den Niederlanden und ihre wechselseitige beziehungen mit dem ausland bis zum jahre 1600“. Historiographia Linguistica 15, Nr. 1-2 (01.01.1988): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.03cla.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Summary The earliest Netherlandic lexicographical works were not only strongly influenced by foreign vocabularies and dictionaries, but they also strongly influenced lexicography abroad. Adaptations of the earliest vocabularies, which mainly aimed at the learning of Latin, were produced in various countries, with the vernacular language adapted to the idiom of each country. In German speaking regions originated for instance the Vocabularius Ex quo (ca. 1400), the Liber Vagatorum> (ca. 1509) and the Synonymorum Collectanea (1513) of Hieronymus Cingularius (ca. 1464–1558), and in Italian speaking regions the polyglot Dilucidissimus Dictionarius (1477 Introito e porta), which afterwards in the Netherlands were provided with a Netherlandic text. In the middle of the 16th century Netherlandic lexicography was strongly influenced by the already modern looking, in a humanistic spirit fashioned and very copious dictionaries of the Italian Ambrosius Calepinus (ca. 1440–1510) and the Frenchman Robert Estienne (1503–1559). But it is also true that several Netherlandic lexicographical works were adapted into other languages. There are for instance German adaptations of the Latin-Netherlandic vocabularies Gemmula Vocabulorum (1484), Vocabularius Optimus (1495), Dictionarium Gemmagemmarum (1511) and Curia Palacium (ca. 1477–85), of the topical dictionary of Petrus Apherdianus (ca. 1520–1580) and of the conversation book of Simon Verepaeus (1522–1598), there are German and Czech adaptations of the topical dictionary of Johannes Murmellius (1480–1517) and German and English adaptations of the synonym dictionary of Simon Pelegromius (ca. 1507–1572). In the Netherlands originated polyglot works, such as the Vocabulare (ca. 1530) of Noel de Berlaimont (died 1531), the Nomenclator (1567) of Hadrianus Junius (1511–1575), as well as the Calepinus Pentaglottos (1545), experienced a large international diffusion. This survey suggests that the initial phase of lexicography in Western and Central European languages can only be adequately understood if seen within an international context.
27
Krivoshchapova, Julia A. „Stone Names: A Linguocultural Symbol of the Urals“. Вопросы ономастики 17, Nr. 3 (2020): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.3.042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The paper examines the names of ornamental stones (gemmonyms) in terms of linguocultural branding of the Ural region. The analysis focuses on mineralogical vocabulary outside the official nomenclature, for the most part, these are gemmonyms containing toponymy-derived adjectives (Gumshevsky malachite, Urazov jasper, Sedelnikovsky orlets). Another objective relates to studying the axiological contexts of usage of such names. The author deals with the three most recognizable Ural ornamental stones: malachite, rhodonite (orlets) and jasper. It turns out that the linguocultural symbols (regional micro-brands) behind these minerals are geographically distributed across the Urals. Uralsky rodonit (Ural rhodonite) mostly associates with Ekaterinburg, and Tagil malachite refers to Nizhny Tagil. Jasper does not seem to have a particular reference point due to its wide geographical distribution, but typically it stands for local South Ural brands. For instance, it is believed that orskaya yashma ‘Orsk jasper’ (< Orsk) is a brand of the Orenburg region. The names of stones with the element uralsky constitute a specific group of names which, according to the author, works as a well-settled cultural macro-brand. Primarily, this refers to the uralskiye samotsvety ‘Ural gems’ collocation which has become a proper name of a lapidary factory in Ekaterinburg, as well as uralskiye kamni ‘Ural stones,’ a set phrase long included in dictionaries of standard Russian. A special class of Ural gemmonyms is represented by commercial names created artificially to make the product more saleable (cf. uralsky izumrud ‘Ural emerald’ as a trade designation of demantoid). It is noted that such names of stones are aimed at foreign customers, for whom the Ural stone is a Russian trademark and a quality assurance. At the same time, the attribute uralsky can ironically indicate that the stone only resembles a similar more expensive mineral, which, in fact, it is not (cf. uralsky almaz ‘Ural diamond’ that stands for ʻphenakiteʼ).
28
Vysotska, Tetiana. „LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC GROUPS OF MINING TECHNICAL ARTEFACTS NAMES (case study of terms from the conceptual subcategory “Machines”)“. Problems of General and Slavic Linguistics, Nr. 3 (01.07.2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/251901.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The purpose of the study is to identify and to describe the lexical-semantic groups of the names of mining artefacts that are included in the conceptual subcategory of “Machines”. The object of study is Russian terms-names of mining technical artifacts, the subject is their lexical and semantic groups. The purpose of the study determined the range of tasks: 1) to characterize the method of “Machines” subcategory formation; 2) to identify lexical-semantic groups of machine names; 3) to define the reference terms within the selected lexical-semantic groups. The research material is a corpus of mining technical artifacts with a total volume of more than 3,600 units, formed on the basis of a continuous review of encyclopedic reference books on mining, mining encyclopedia, polytechnical dictionaries of the Russian language, textbooks, manuals and reference books on mining, mining machines, mining complexes for open and underground mining, etc. The following methods have been used: analytical method, quantitative calculation method, component analysis method. As a result of the study, lexical-semantic groups of mining technical artifacts related to the conceptual subcategory “Machines” are identified and described. Practical application of the results is possible in further studies of the category of nomination in the Russian language. Conclusions: 1) the subcategory of “Machines”, represented in our sampling by 1330 lexical units, contains 17 lexical-semantic groups; 2) the basic components of the general technical nature, such as machine, machine-tool, conveyor, combine, and more specialized ones, such as excavator and dredge, possess the greatest nominative potential in various LSG of the subcategory under investigation; 3) in general, each of the LSG and nominative paradigms are open systems, headed by the subcategory name and completed by numerous nomenclature classes.
29
Kornilov, Gennadiy E. „FROM THE HISTORY OF ONOMATOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOME TOPOGRAPHICAL OBJECTS OF PENZA REGION“. Historical Search 5, Nr. 2 (25.06.2024): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2024-5-2-85-94.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The purpose of the study is to initiate interdisciplinary remote dialogues and polylogues on sense-making and understanding specific geographical names included in the list of cultural and historical antiquities of Penza Region, i.e. “the northern section of the Wild Field, the Upper Sura, the southeastern part of Meschera and the Upper Prikhoprovye.” The purposes of our study, in addition to the above-mentioned ones, are to attract unaccounted data and, based on their evidence, to evaluate both general theoretical reasoning of the author of the work in question and his specific arguments against leveling the potamonym Serdoba to *Serdab “Cold Water”. Materials and methods. The main materials are: M.S. Poluboyarov’s book “The Antiquities of Penza Region in the mirror of toponymics”, historical, historical-etymological and etymological dictionaries, geographical reference books, encyclopedias, Internet resources (Wikipedia, Yandex Search, etc.). The main methods are: generally accepted historical-genetic, comparative-historical, contrastive-comparative, typological, etc. Study results. The article establishes a limited nature of primary sources used and generalized by the author of the book “Antiquities of Penza region …”, insufficiency of reasons for rejecting the existing leveling the potamonym Serdoba to Iranian sardoba “cold water” and dubious leveling of the definition of Serd-: ~oba to the male personal name Sart. Conclusions. The astyonym Serdobsk goes back to the potamonym Serdob<*Serdab “Cold/Cool water”; if it went back to Serdoba, it would sound no different than Serdobinsk (cf. Aktuba>Aktyubinsk, Akhtuba>Akhtuba floodplain, etc.). The potamonym *Serdob in Russian was formed as Serdoba as a result of agreement on the basis of grammatical (feminine) gender with the geographical nomenclature term river and entering into the typological series of derivatives of the type: zhadoba, koldoba, sdoba, stydoba, khudoba, etc.
30
Petrov, Alexander. „Trochaic tetrameter in Russian folk spiritual verses of late tradition: Some issues of metrics and rhythmics“. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, Nr. 3 (2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2022.3.54-74.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article represents the first experience in analyzing the metrical and rhythmical organization of Russian folk spiritual verses written in trochaic tetrameter in the 19th–20th centuries. These verses existed not only orally, but in writing as well. The criteria for the selection of folklore material and its preparation for research are substantiated. The sample consists of 4447 lines, 93 texts were analyzed. The analysis is based on the principles of the “Russian method”. The purpose of the article is to test the hypothesis about different rhythmical structure of lines with feminine and masculine endings. According to this hypothesis, accentual dissimilation is progressive in feminine lines and regressive in masculine lines, which is also confirmed by some literary and folklore materials. The array of lines was differentiated by feminine and masculine rhymes; rhythmical tendencies were identifi ed on the basis of a separated analysis. The metrical repertoire of the bearers of the folklore tradition was revealed; the nomenclature of rhythmical forms was identified; accentual profi les were created; the data are presented in 25 tables. The research has shown that in lines of diff erent types the principle of regressive accentual dissimilation is observed, but in masculine lines dissimilation is more intense than in feminine lines. An important feature of the rhythm of spiritual poetry is the abundance of misplaced accents (emphatic syncopations). Taking into account the mobility of stress in folklore, I propose three models of rhythmical analysis. The fi rst model is based on the hypothesis of regular syncopations; the second one proposes the correction and exclusion of some cases of syncopations; the third one takes into account the regular shifts of stress to a metrically strong position, with elimination of all misplaced accents. As far as I could discover, an adequate characteristic of the rhythm of folklore verse does not require constant “fine tuning”. It is quite possible to use the basic model with checking the accentual variants by dictionaries.
31
Hermanovych, Halyna. „Medical terms with components hepat-, hepatic(o)-hepat(o)- and liver in modern Ukrainian language“. Terminological Bulletin, Nr. 4 (2017): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2017-4-117.123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ukrainian medical terms-composites with international components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver have been studied in the article. The problem of their interchange has been brought up. It has been defined their productivity and word formation mobility. The outlook of the article is that the terms with somatic components need further studying their productivity and mobility. One of the biggest Ukrainian term systems is medical terminology. Its development has been caused by granting the Ukrainian language official status. The question of use of a term continue to be relevant today because medical terminology has not been studied enough as medical practice shows, for this reason physicians, scientists are trying to regiment and improve medical dictionaries, appealing for a help to linguists. General issues of formation of medical terms were and are important because most of them are loan words usually come from the Latin and Greek languages. The basis for professional language of a medical worker is a use of professional terms of a high level of standardization, accuracy of formations, relevance and logic presentation. Medical lexis is one of the oldest term systems. It was formed both on the world and own language basis. Development and improvement of medical terminology can be observed through scientific papers, professional textbooks, and medical dictionaries. The aim of the article: to characterize Ukrainian medical terms with somatic components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver according to semantic groups and relations; to identify their word formation mobility in the modern Ukrainian literary language. The object of research – medical terms with somatic components. The subject of research – their lexical and semantic features, peculiarities of terms with borrowing and national components. The material was taken from: “Dorlan’d Illustrated Medical Dictionary” (2007), “Ukrainian-Latin-English Explanatory Dictionary” edited by M.Pavlovskyi, L.Petruh, I.Holovko (1995), “Explanatory Dictionary of Medical terms” edited by N. Lytvynenko, N.Misnyk (2010), “New Dictionary of Loan Words” edited by L.Shevchenko, O.Niky, O.Khomyak, A.Demyanyuk (2008) and “ Dictionary of foreign words” by P.Shtep (1977). Urgency of the research of terms with somatic components has been caused by the need to establish the specificity of somatic symbols and term composites and identify lexical and syntactic features words of such components. It is necessary to note that at the modern stage in the Ukrainian medical language there are medical terms that are made up of international term elements of Greek or Latin origin, as well as Ukrainian origin. Lexical items with somatic components exist only in the medical field. Somatic international components include: cardi(o)-, hema(o)-, hemat(o)-, ot(o)-, ophtalm(o), psych(o)-, hepat(o)-, hepatic(o)- and others. In the Ukrainian language such correspondent terms are: heart, blood, ear, eye, head, liver and others. Among the somatic components one can meet such archaisms as: mouth, forehead, finger. Thus, words of the somatic components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver indicate: processes; names of diseases; belonging to the liver or action on it; people by profession, people; names of science; cell, classes. Studied terms mainly correspond to these features because they are relevant to the concepts they indicate; also they are included into medical terminology, have clear definitions in the dictionary, they are stylistically neutral, but some of them do not meet monosemy (polysemy of such lexical terms are given) and synonymy (synonyms are given both for words of foreign origin and their Ukrainian equivalents). This can be explained by the fact that these requirements are desirable rather than real. Foreign language terms always look for equivalents among national lexical items. And polysemy shows the development of speech-term, but over time one of the definitions can get a new nomination. Components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- can not be combined directly with Ukrainian word stems and roots. Most components are components of foreign origin with particular lexical meaning which is preserved wholly or partly in derivative words. Words with hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and liver are not interchangeable. Samolysova A. and A. Nikolaev noted that “professional terminology should be unified and brought up to a user in a form that would require the least effort to use.” Medicine does not stay still, new methods of diagnosing diseases, alternative methods of treatment appear, so a need arises in formation of new terms, and unification of their grammatical structure. Medical terminology is a common goal both and medical workers and linguists. Let’s work on creating a generalized medical nomenclature.
32
Ivanov, Andrey, und Rimma Ivanova. „Lexeme Glück in German Dictionaries of the 16th — 19th Centuries: Lexicographic Representation and Interpretation of Its Conceptual Content“. Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, Nr. 53 (31.03.2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-53-1-9-22.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article discusses the concept “happiness” as represented and interpreted in lexicography. The aim of the study is to compare existing theories about the origin of the word Glück, to trace the development of its semantics from one generalized meaning to a set of meanings that reflects a gradual evolution of people’s ideas about happiness, and to identify ways of representing these ideas by lexicographic means. Using methods of historical-linguistic, compara-tive, etymological, definitional, and semantic analysis, the authors examine German dictionaries and lexicons published in the period from 1513 to 1888 and establish that in those four centuries the concept “happiness,” represented in the German vocabulary by the lexeme Glück, underwent significant transformation, as material and spiritual needs of people kept changing against the background of gradual humanization of their social life, which, in its turn, led to added complexity in the semantic structure of the lexeme Glück that embodies this concept. Descriptions of the lexeme Glück in dictionaries dating from the beginning of the 16th to mid-18th century are very concise due to the type of these dictionaries (nomenclators, translated dictionaries) and do not involve detailed comments on the full range of meanings that the lexeme had. The main elements of the semantic structure of the lexeme are ‘(temporary) well-being,’ ‘bliss,’ ‘luc ,’ and ‘fortune (fate)’ (glu c fall, glu c elig eit, wol tand, zeit-liche Wolfart). Analyzing interpretations of the lexeme Glück in the mid-18th — late 19th century dictionaries, the authors conclude that the semantic structure of the lexeme became more complicated due to philosophical rethinking of the concept and its integrated dissemination through dictionaries. The etymology of the word Glüc is still unclear. It is assumed that the word appeared in the 13th century and retained a neutral meaning until the end of the Middle High German period when a positive connotation began to prevail in the semantics of the word.
33
Dirckx, John H. „Recurring errors in medical Latin“. Terminology 4, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.4.1.04dir.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This paper records and classifies a number of common errors in the grammar and pronunciation of medical Latin, including several that appear in medical dictionaries. Most of these errors arise through mistaken analogy with unrelated grammatical forms or phonetic patterns. A discussion of their implications for communication leads to the conclusion that, although they pose little threat to the accurate preservation and transfer of data, they represent a breakdown in the coherence and consistency of a unified language system and, in some instances, a violation of internationally codified nomenclatural rules.
34
Ivanov, Andrey Vladimirovich, und Rimma Anvarovna Ivanova. „Four centuries of German “happiness” in lexicographers’ interpretations“. SHS Web of Conferences 122 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112201005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article deals with the concept of “happiness”, represented and interpreted through lexicography. The objective of the study is to try to compare the perspectives of researchers on the origin of the word Glück, trace the development of its semantics from one generalized meaning to a set of meanings reflecting the evolution of human ideas about happiness, and identify ways of representing these ideas by lexicographic means. The authors use the methods of historical linguistic, comparative-contrastive, etymological, definitional and semantic analysis. The object of the study is German dictionaries and lexicons published from 1513 to 1888. It has been established that the concept of “happiness”, represented in the German vocabulary by the lexeme Glück, has transformed over four centuries along with the growth of people’s material and spiritual needs against the background of the gradual humanization of public life. This has led to the complication of the semantic structure of the lexeme Glück which objectifies this concept. The representation of the Glück lexeme in dictionaries dating back to the early 16th – mid-18th centuries is laconic, due to the type of dictionaries (nomenclatures, translation dictionaries) that did not feature detailed comments on the repertoire of meanings that the desired lexeme possessed. The main elements of the semantic structure of the lexeme are ‘(temporary) prosperity’, ‘bliss’, ‘luck’, ‘destiny (fate)’. The analysis of the interpretation of happiness in the mid-18th century – late 19th century allows one to make a conclusion about the complication of the semantic structure of the lexeme Glück due to a philosophical reinterpretation of this concept and its integrated conveyance by appropriate lexicographic means. The etymology of the word Glück remains unclear. It is assumed that the word appeared in the 13th century and retained a neutral meaning until the end of the Middle High German period when the positive connotation began to prevail in the semantics of the word.
35
Merše, Majda. „Bohoričev prispevek slovenskemu slovaropisju“. Stati inu obstati, revija za vprašanja protestantizma 16, Nr. 32 (20.12.2020): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26493/2590-9754.16(32)247-267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Bohorič’s Contribution to Slovene Lexicography Lexicography was one of Bohorič’s central activities devoted to the 16th-century Slovene literary language. He is believed to be the author of three types of dictionaries: (1) a lost trilingual glossary with Latin as the source language, compiled for pedagogical use (Nomenclatura trium linguarum, ca. 1580); (2) the index in DB 1584 (perhaps also the shorter one in DB 1578), which contains also dialectal synonyms as well as equivalents from Croatian dialects and thus enables understanding of the central-Slovene lexicon; (3) six Slovene-Latin-German glossaries included in the grammar Arcticae horulae ſucciſivae (1584): the first three described nomina (nouns and adjectives) of all three genders, while the other three described verbs of the main three conjugation types (-am, -em, -im). In terms of their informativity, the glossaries included in the grammar are of several different types. In addition to grammatical information contributing to a better knowledge of the 16th-century Slovene literary language, they also provide lexicological information closely related to the modes of lexicographic presentation. Both features are an important contribution to the beginnings and further development of Slovene lexicography. Slovene headwords are semantically defined by their foreign-language equivalents. In addition, their semantic structure is outlined by one-word or phraseological subentries (with attested meanings, sub-meanings, and terms for specific types, such as štala ‘barn’—volovska štala ‘oxen barn’, ovčja štala ‘sheep barn’, kozja štala ‘goat barn’; set phrases with established use). Entries with subentries and the order of entries itself also bring into focus various types of semantic relations between lexical items, including synonymy, where pairs of loan and native synonyms stand out in particular (e.g. punt—zaveza ‘bond’, gmerati—množiti ‘to multiply’); antonymy (e.g. čast ‘honor’—nečast ‘disgrace’); the semantic difference between the source word and its derivative (e.g. kamen ‘stone’—kamčič ‘little stone’). Verbal entries with added subentries demonstrate various types of formation of aspectual pairs, e.g. sejati—obsejati ‘to sow’, nagniti—nagibati ‘to lean’. In cases where members of the pair differ by the type of action (e.g. gibati se—ganiti se ‘to move’), the semantic difference is added to the aspectual one. A re-comparison of Bohorič’s glossaries and Megiser’s dictionaries—his quadrilingual dictionary with German as the source language (MD 1592) and multilingual dictionary with Latin as the source (MTh 1603)—that included data on how widely the usage of this lexicon was spread, confirmed the hypothesis that the glossaries were one of Megiser’s main lexicographic sources of Slovene equivalents. (This data is one of the results of the complete excerption of the Slovene texts in book publications in the period of 1550–1603). Megiser’s consideration of Bohorič’s glossaries is most clearly evident in approximately 90 words that cannot be found in other works. In addition, the glossaries proved to be a useful reference work for citing widespread and commonly used lexicon. A typological difference between the compared lexicographic works is reflected in differences in their informativity as well as in the number of foreign-language equivalents and included Slovene equivalents. The increased number of Slovene synonyms in Megiser’s multilingual dictionaries was the result of Megiser’s inclusion of the Register (1584) and his ever-improving knowledge of the Slovene literary language and some Slovene dialects (e.g., Carinthian). Keywords: Adam Bohorič, lexicography, glossaries in Bohorič’s grammar, dictionary informativity, Megiser’s multilingual dictionaries
36
Marinova, E. V. „Platʼe tsveta moloko (A milk-coloured dress): on one stable grammatical variation type“. Russian language at school 84, Nr. 6 (31.10.2023): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2023-84-6-92-99.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article considers reasons and conditions for the spread of a new syntactic colour designation pattern, i. e. an attributive phrase with a colour identifier and a noun in the nominative case (X tsveta moloko / milk-coloured X, X tsveta baklazhan / aubergine-coloured X). The new model (X tsveta moloka / milk-coloured X, X tsveta baklazhana / aubergine-coloured X), which is inconsistent with Russian grammar, coexists in modern speech with the normative pattern. The study aims to determine the route of dynamic changes in this language area subject to variation. Using contexts extracted from the Russian National Corpus (the main and newspaper sub-corpora), the research identifies all grammatical variants of compound colour names and their qualitative and quantitative correlation. As a result, the body of colour terms having no codified variant is established. At the next stage, the research employed the "Media Archive" service (since 1996) of the electronic media bank "Integrum" as a source. Based on its materials and using a hypothetically specified search, the study has specified the composition of grammatically varying composite colour terms, as well as the composition of colouronyms that have no variants (tsveta diplomat / diplomat-coloured, tsveta kardinal / cardinal-coloured, and so on). The reasons for actualising the new analytical colour designation pattern include the novelty factor (tsveta cosmos / space-coloured, tsveta "beeline" / "beeline"-coloured) which is supported in writing by quotation marks and/or in the case of borrowings by writing in the original script. Other factors are the influence of a similar analytical pattern with an unchangeable adjective (tsveta electric / electric blue), regular use of a nomenclatural name (in advertising texts, in merchandise catalogues, and the like), and the tendency towards analyticity. The results of the research can be used in the practice of teaching Russian at school when studying the styles of the Russian literary language and their differences. In addition, they are relevant to lexicography when compiling specialised linguistic dictionaries, especially those that codify new colour terms in the Russian language.
37
Fazakas, Emese. „The beginnings of Hungarian lexicography. From the first glossaries to multilingual dictionaries“. Diacronia, Nr. 14 (12.12.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17684/i14a190en.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This study aims to present the beginnings of Hungarian lexicography, with a special focus on certain works that are closely connected with Transylvania. The early glossaries, starting with the 13th century, are either marginal or interlinear. The only early source in which glossaries are intertextual, distinguished from the Latin text by underlining, is Sermones Dominicales, a compilation of sermons written in the first half of the 15th century. The vocabularies and nomenclatures under analysis were elaborated between the 14th century and the end of the 16th century, most of them being based on lists of Latin words grouped according to semantic fields. The only work that was elaborated based on the Hungarian lexis is the Nomenclature from Schlägl, a copy dating from around 1405 of a document written a few decades before. Among these vocabularies there are some that could be regarded as the first attempts to elaborate specialized dictionaries. Starting with the 16th century, several dictionaries in which the title-words are arranged alphabetically were identified. However, the early dictionaries are either unfinished or only partially preserved. The most representative dictionaries, mainly multilingual, were elaborated starting with the late 16th century. Our presentation ends with József Benkő’s botanical dictionaries, edited in 1783, which mark the beginnings of modern Hungarian lexicography.
38
Valančiauskienė, Aušra. „How much is Historical Knowledge Present in Bilingual Dictionaries?“ Respectus Philologicus, Nr. 39 (44) (23.04.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.39.44.86.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
During the development of structuralist semantics, there was a strong emphasis on distinguishing encyclopaedic and linguistic dictionaries. In the latter, any reference to encyclopaedic knowledge should be absent or kept to a minimum. Later it was realised that it is impossible to write a dictionary without using any encyclopaedic explanations. Those explanations make a dictionary more attractive, more interesting to read, and therefore more usable. This is particularly important when preparing bilingual dictionaries because it is two languages and two cultures that are being aligned and compared. As lexica related to cognitive fields (physics, medicine, botany, etc.) is incorporated into the nomenclature of modern dictionaries, relevant encyclopaedic information is then added by way of explanation. Accordingly, this article examines, based on analytical and descriptive methods, how historical knowledge is presented in the micro-and partly macro-structures of four dictionaries: The Great Lithuanian-English Dictionary (2006), Lithuanian-Russian Dictionary (2015), The Great Lithuanian-French Dictionary (2012) and Lithuanian-Norwegian Dictionary (2016).
39
Zamfirescu, Oana. „Folk botanical nomenclature – between structured and non-structured lexis“. Diacronia, Nr. 5 (23.03.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17684/i5a70en.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article aims to investigate the status of folk botanical nomenclature from the perspective of the lexematic theory, a theory developed by Eugeniu Coseriu. The linguist believes that terminologies (folk and scientific) represent objective and conventional classifications that fall under the order of reality. They are a part of the non-structured lexis and not a part of the structured one. The features that situate this nomenclature in the non-structured lexis and ones that situate it in the structured lexis are established on the basis of the material made available by various sources (dictionaries, encyclopædias, different works containing plant names form our country). After the consultation of the sources, the conclusion is that folk plant names are situated at the border line between common language and scientific terminology.
40
Kulchytska, Hanna, Dariia Chernysh und Larysa Sietaia. „FROM “MINERALOGICAL DICTIONARY” TO “UKRAINIAN NOMENCLATURE OF MINERALS”“. Mineralogical collection 72 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/min.72.03.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
“Mineralogical Dictionary”, written by Ye. Lazarenko and O. Vynar (1975), was the first to publish in Ukrainian all the names of minerals known at that time: approved, obsolete, synonyms, names of varieties. It was also an explanatory dictionary, since it contained the most important information about the mineral – from the chemical composition and physical properties to the distribution and etymology of the name. The dictionary also contains explanations of several thousand rare, forgotten and underused mineralogical terms that can be found in the ancient geological literature. Such a collection is valuable both historically and scientifically. After the number of mineral species exceeded one thousand, and the number of their names – ten times more, in 1959 mineralogists created the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), under which two commissions were set up to control the regulation of the nomenclature of minerals and the approval of new mineral species. In 2006, Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (СNМNС) was set up. The Ukrainian Mineralogical Society (UMS) became a member of the IMA in 1994. Most mineralogical terms, used by Ukrainian mineralogists, were borrowed from Russian, although a number of ancient Ukrainian words have been preserved as normative historical names of minerals. Some of the terms, in particular the names of recently discovered minerals were borrowed directly from other languages according to the rules of transcription and written in accordance with the current Ukrainian spelling. They often did not coincide with those transcribed from Russian. This led to the emergence of a variety of terms for one species with a one– two letters difference. The urgent need for Ukrainian scientific terminology led to the emergence after 1991 of a series of geological and mineralogical dictionaries – of different specialization, content, distribution and quality. All of these dictionaries are a thing of the past, refining existing terms in their own way, and none of them cover new mineral species that are constantly appearing in Englishlanguage scientific literature. But a particular mineral species must have one name, regardless of whether it is formed by transliteration or transcription and how exactly it corresponds to the historical name or the name proposed by the author of the discovery. The Terminological Commission, established in 2017 at the UMS was given a task of arranging the nomenclature of minerals. According to Acad. Ye. Lazarenko, nomenclature is the language of mineralogists. The Commission approved the main principles of Ukrainian mineral names formation and spelling. Prepared for publication in accordance with the decisions of the Terminology Commission the “Ukrainian Nomenclature of Minerals” monograph, which contains information on 5 780 mineral species known as of 2021, should help Ukrainian mineralogists speak the same language
41
Murakawa, Clotilde. „A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE UM DICIONÁRIO HISTÓRICO: O DICIONÁRIO HISTÓRICO DO PORTUGUÊS DO BRASIL“. Organon 25, Nr. 50 (26.04.2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2238-8915.28348.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article presents the theoretical and methodological road used to construct theHistorical Dictionary of Brazilian Portuguese in the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries (sponsoredby CNPq). Starting with some examples and models of historical and diachronic dictionaries weset the model that structures the Dictionary; it has the purpose of assembling in a single bookthe Portuguese language lexicon responsible for the construction of the Portuguese language inBrazil. Our reference basis is a data bank with many sorts of sources existing along the threecenturies of the Brazilian colonial history. This data bank provides the nomenclature of thehistorical dictionary and allows the construction of the lexicographical definition through itslexical context that is followed by consecrated examples. This article also presents thecontributions of the dictionary to future studies of the Brazilian Portuguese.
42
Lenivtceva, Iuliia D., und Georgy Kopanitsa. „The Pipeline for Standardizing Russian Unstructured Allergy Anamnesis Using FHIR AllergyIntolerance Resource“. Methods of Information in Medicine, 23.08.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733945.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Background The larger part of essential medical knowledge is stored as free text which is complicated to process. Standardization of medical narratives is an important task for data exchange, integration, and semantic interoperability. Objectives The article aims to develop the end-to-end pipeline for structuring Russian free-text allergy anamnesis using international standards. Methods The pipeline for free-text data standardization is based on FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) and SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms) to ensure semantic interoperability. The pipeline solves common tasks such as data preprocessing, classification, categorization, entities extraction, and semantic codes assignment. Machine learning methods, rule-based, and dictionary-based approaches were used to compose the pipeline. The pipeline was evaluated on 166 randomly chosen medical records. Results AllergyIntolerance resource was used to represent allergy anamnesis. The module for data preprocessing included the dictionary with over 90,000 words, including specific medication terms, and more than 20 regular expressions for errors correction, classification, and categorization modules resulted in four dictionaries with allergy terms (total 2,675 terms), which were mapped to SNOMED CT concepts. F-scores for different steps are: 0.945 for filtering, 0.90 to 0.96 for allergy categorization, 0.90 and 0.93 for allergens reactions extraction, respectively. The allergy terminology coverage is more than 95%. Conclusion The proposed pipeline is a step to ensure semantic interoperability of Russian free-text medical records and could be effective in standardization systems for further data exchange and integration.
43
Пащенко, О. М. „ПОЛЬСЬКІ ЗАПОЗИЧЕННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ФІТОНІМІЇ“. Лінгвістичні дослідження, 2019, 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/23127546.2019.50.11.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article is dedicated to the study of the formation of phytonymous borrowings of Polish origin. The topicality of the chosen subject is determined by the need to deepen and systematize the data of etymological research of Ukrainian phytonymous borrowings of Polish origin. The aim of the study is to establish ways of archaic groups’ forming of the vocabulary of the modern Ukrainian language of the Western-Slavic origin. The following tasks depended of the aim. – to establish the ways of borrowing of Phytonymous Nomenclature in the Ukrainian language; – to identify the diachronic models of semantic changes in the Proto-Indo-European stems (roots), to which modern Ukrainian plant names are concerned. The botanic borrowings of Polish origin are analized. The research proves that semantic modifications, as in other groups of East-Slavonic botanical names, occur under certain dynamic motivational models (form → name by form, plant → plant, action → subject of action → name by subject, action → object of action → name of object, animal (bird) → name in form, form → habitat → name by place, place → name by place, plant → part of plant → name by part, etc.), and it is accompanied by a number of specific semantic modifications primarily inherent to individual lexical-semantic groups of botanical vocabulary. So, the necessity for the further study of botanical borrowings, is that the motivational foundations, called derivatives, lead to more profound semantic analysis of this lexical-semantic group of words, and also contribute to the further study of etymological character. The requirements of comparative-historical, etymological study of the Slavonic vocabulary arise the task of developing of a more precise lexical and terminological approach to interlingual synonymy phenomena, lexical and semantic parallels, models of nomination (motivational models), search for other permanent inter-system semantic relations. Etymological dictionaries and special lexicological studies of Slavonic languages create a sufficiently enough base for it and contain valuable personal observations that require systematization and theoretical substantiation.
44
Grzeszak, Anna Monika. „"Słowarz" z 1532 roku na tle innych słowników z rodziny Introito e porta“. Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 57 (21.12.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Słowarz (Dictionarius) from 1532 Against the Background of Other Derivatives of Introito e porta The 1532 Dictionarius seu nomenclatura quatuor linguarum (Cracow), one of the oldest known printed dictionaries of Polish, belongs to an extremely popular dictionary family. The aim of this article is to answer the following questions: (1) which elements of the general structure of the Dictionarius distinguish it from other Introito e porta derivatives, (2) to whom it is addressed and whether its purpose is the same as that of the other wordlists, (3) what function the Polish language plays in the dictionary and to what extent the linguistic solutions adopted in it differ from those used in other editions. The results indicate that the Dictionarius, unlike the editions published outside Poland, is addressed to school learners, and that the languages included in the dictionary are not treated equally, with Latin occupying a special position. Słowarz z 1532 roku na tle innych słowników z rodziny Introito e porta Słowarz z 1532 roku, jeden z najstarszych znanych drukowanych słowników języka polskiego, należy do niezwykle popularnej w Europie rodziny słowników. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: 1) które elementy ogólnej struktury Słowarza z 1532 roku wyróżniają go na tle innych słowników z rodziny, 2) do kogo jest adresowany i czy jego przeznaczenie jest takie samo jak przeznaczenie pozostałych opracowań, 3) jaką funkcję pełni w Słowarzu polszczyzna oraz w jakim stopniu przyjęte w nim rozwiązania językowe różnią się od rozwiązań zastosowanych w innych wydaniach. Z analizy wynika, że Słowarz, w przeciwieństwie do wersji wydawanych poza Polską, jest adresowany do osób uczęszczających do szkół oraz to, że uwzględniane w nim języki nie są traktowane równorzędnie, a szczególną pozycję zajmuje łacina.
45
ВАЛИЕВА, М. Д., und Л. Б. ГАЦАЛОВА. „ABOUT THE WORK OF THE TERMINOLOGICAL COMMISSION ON THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE IN THE 1920-1930S“. Известия СОИГСИ, Nr. 38(77) (17.12.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/h9957-1882-1680-o.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
В статье рассматривается деятельность Терминологической комиссии по осетинскому языку, которая сыграла большую роль в формировании специальной и отраслевой лексики. Авторы анализируют принципы составления терминологических словарей, круг проблем, возникающий при выборе возможных вариантов номинации лексем, трудности, создаваемые расстоянием и политической системой того времени. В состав комиссии входили работники образования и науки, работавшие в профильных учреждениях на Юге и Севере Осетии, имевшие совершенно разные точки зрения на принципы и механизмы ввода новой терминологии в научный оборот. Сложности, возникающие при составлении терминологических словарей, были связаны не только с лингвистическими проблемами, но, в большей степени, являлись отражением тех политических процессов, которые проходили в ту историческую эпоху, когда любой член комиссии мог незаслуженно обвиняться в национализме только на основании того, что придумал термин, используя средства самого осетинского языка, а не воспользовался интернациональной или заимствованной лексикой. Проведенный анализ материалов словарных статей и деятельности работы Терминологической комиссии по осетинскому языку в 20-30-е гг. ХХ в. подтверждается архивными документами, в которых зафиксированы наблюдения и заметки очевидцев тех событий и самих членов комиссии. Актуальность проведенного исследования увеличивается в связи с созданием уже в наши годы межгосударственной терминологической комиссии, в которую, как и прежде, входят специалисты как Южной, так и Северной Осетии, которыми разрабатывается терминология различных отраслей, нуждающихся в обновлении номенклатуры терминов, как, например, лексика делопроизводства, государственного и муниципального управления и т.д. Обновления требует общественно-политическая лексика и терминология, экономическая и юридическая терминосистемы, в которых в связи с развитием общества постоянно происходят кардинальные перемены и неологические всплески. The article discusses the activities of the Terminological Commission on the Ossetian language, which played a large role in the formation of special and industrial vocabulary. The authors analyze the principles of compiling terminological dictionaries, the range of problems that arise when choosing possible options for nominating lexemes, the difficulties created by distance and the political system of that time. The commission consisted of educators and scientists who worked in specialized institutions in the South and North of Ossetia, who had completely different points of view on the principles and mechanisms of introducing new terminology into scientific circulation. The difficulties arising in the compilation of terminological dictionaries were associated not only with linguistic problems, but, to a greater extent, reflected the political processes that took place in that historical era when any member of the commission could be unfairly accused of nationalism only on the basis of the fact that coined the term using the means of the Ossetian language itself and did not use international or borrowed vocabulary. The analysis of the materials of dictionary entries and the activities of the Terminology Commission on the Ossetian language in the 20-30s. of the XXth century confirmed by archival documents, which recorded observations and notes of eyewitnesses of those events and the members of the commission themselves. The relevance of the study is increasing in connection with the creation in our years of an interstate terminology commission, which, as before, includes specialists from both South and North Ossetia, who develop the terminology of various industries that need to update the nomenclature of terms, such as vocabulary office work, state and municipal administration, etc. The socio-political vocabulary and terminology, economic and legal terminology, in which, in connection with the development of society, are constantly undergoing dramatic changes and neological outbursts, require renewal.
46
Müller, Peter O. „Pictura & Nomenclatura. Zur Wissensvermittlung in Wort und Bild in der Sachgruppenlexikographie des 17. Jahrhundert“. Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 38, Nr. 3 (Januar 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zgl.2010.026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractOnomasiological dictionaries, in which the vocabulary is arranged primarily according to thematic groups, played a major role within early modern lexicography. They were used in particular as travel vocabularies in order to procure a useful stock of basic terms while abroad and also belonged to prevalent modes of teaching in the humanistic school system, especially in elementary instruction. During the second half of the 17
47
Weber, Magalie, Patrice Buche, Liliana Ibanescu, Stéphane Dervaux, Hervé Guillemin, Julien Cufi, Michel Visalli, Elisabeth Guichard und Caroline Pénicaud. „PO2/TransformON, an ontology for data integration on food, feed, bioproducts and biowaste engineering“. npj Science of Food 7, Nr. 1 (04.09.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41538-023-00221-2.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractWe are witnessing an acceleration of the global drive to converge consumption and production patterns towards a more circular and sustainable approach to the food system. To address the challenge of reconnecting agriculture, environment, food and health, collections of large datasets must be exploited. However, building high-capacity data-sharing networks means unlocking the information silos that are caused by a multiplicity of local data dictionaries. To solve the data harmonization problem, we proposed an ontology on food, feed, bioproducts, and biowastes engineering for data integration in a circular bioeconomy and nexus-oriented approach. This ontology is based on a core model representing a generic process, the Process and Observation Ontology (PO2), which has been specialized to provide the vocabulary necessary to describe any biomass transformation process and to characterize the food, bioproducts, and wastes derived from these processes. Much of this vocabulary comes from transforming authoritative references such as the European food classification system (FoodEx2), the European Waste Catalogue, and other international nomenclatures into a semantic, world wide web consortium (W3C) format that provides system interoperability and software-driven intelligence. We showed the relevance of this new domain ontology PO2/TransformON through several concrete use cases in the fields of process engineering, bio-based composite making, food ecodesign, and relations with consumer’s perception and preferences. Further works will aim to align with other ontologies to create an ontology network for bridging the gap between upstream and downstream processes in the food system.