Dissertationen zum Thema „Dichalcogénure de métal de transition“
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Lourenço, Pedro. „Experimental and numerical study of ion irradiation impacts on Transition Metal Dichalcogenide layers“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, I present the study of artificially generated defects by ion irradiation on the surface of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC), more specifically of tungsten disulphide (WS2) and tungsten diselenide (WSe2) crystals. I also present the structural analysis of WS2 films grown by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering (RMS) and compare the observed structural defects to the artifically generated defects on the bulk crystals This thesis is composed of six chapters. In the first chapter, an introduction to the transition metal dichalcogenide structure and properties is discussed, followed by a discussion of previous studies about the defect generation by ion irradiation. Recent developments in the fabrication methods of TMDC thin-films such as reactive magnetron sputtering are also discussed. In chapter 2 I describe in detail the experimental techniques and the analysis methods used to characterize the TMDC materials and in chapter 3 I describe the methods used for numerical simulation of ion irradiation of TMDCs. In chapter 4, I present my work on the design of the experiments and the calibration of a ion source which was later used to produce low energy ions to artificially generate defects on TMDCs surfaces. Chapter 5 I present my characterization results of WS2 films grown by RMS, which were grown in Uppsala by the team of Tomas Nyberg. In chapter 6 I present the artificial generation of defects on TMDC surfaces using the ion source described in chapter 4. Furthermore, I present the molecular dynamics studies which were performed to have an understanding of the defect production mechanism in TMDCs by ion irradiation
Zhang, Nan. „Propriétés électroniques de MoS2 / MoSe2van der Waals heterostructures“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAT0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn my thesis, I concluded results of my three years investigation of the optical properties of MoSe2/MoS2 transition metal dichalcogenides heterostructures. Thesis starts with the general overview of the properties of transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers and their heterostucers. This is followed by the detailed description experimental techniques which wear used to characterize photoresponse of heterostructures and their preparation. Next three paragraphs are devoted to the rustles of my investigations:In chapter 3 the impact of characteristic for transition metal dichalcogenides effect photodoping on the interlayer exciton emission properties is presented. The photodoping isidentified by the increasing (upon illumination) trion dissociation energy, accompanied by a characteristic change of the exciton/trion photoluminescence intensity ratioin MoSe2. At the same time, I observe decreasing photoluminescence intensity of the interlayer exciton. In the same time the combined PL intensity of the exciton and the trion in MoSe2 is enhanced, showing that the interlayer charge transfer can be controlled by the doping level. This observed effect is persistent on a timescale of several hours, as long as the sample is maintained under vacuum. This indicate a mechanism involving laser induced desorption of molecules physisorbed on the surface of the heterostructure. I support this hypothesis by revealed sensitivity of the photodoping rate on the excitation wavelength. The process of photodoping occurs much faster for higher energy photons.In chapter 4 I present result of the impact of moiré pattern on the intralayer exciton spectrum in MoS2/MoSe2 heterostructure. The moiré pattern formation is a phenomenon characteristic for van der Waals stacks where due to the weak interlayer interaction the ingredient layers preserve their own lattice parameters. Therefore due to small twist angle or of lattice mismatch between the monolayers periodic spatially varying potential is induced. This potential can have nontrivial impact on the optical properties of both intra- and interlayer excitons of transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Here, I show experimental evidences of the moiré pattern impact on intralayer emission in a MoSe2/MoS2 heterobilayer encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. The periodic in-plane potential results in a splitting of the MoSe2 exciton and trion in emission and (for the exciton) absorption spectra. The observed energy difference between the split peaks is fully consistent with theoretical predictions. Moreover this chapter contain detailed description how the relative orientation of the flakes in such heterostructure can be revealed by second harmonic generation spectroscopy.Chapter 5 contains result of the initial studies about the impact of sample quality and possibility to generate valley polarization by the magnetic field. In this studies three type of structures are compared namely CVD grown and h-BN encapsulated MoSe2, together with MoSe2/MoS2 heterostructure. In addition I found that the formation of moire pattern has negligible impact on the Lande g-factor on intralayer excitonic transition
Chaïb, Cheikh. „Contribution à l'étude des propriétés électroniques d'alliages métalliques liquides, métal noble-polyvalent, métal de transition-polyvalent“. Metz, 1987. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1987/Chaib.Cheikh.SMZ8708.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the present work we determine experimentally the electronic properties (resistivity and absolute thermoelectric power of metallic liquid alloys Cu-Pb and Mn-Sn. The theorical interpretation is in the frame work of Faber-Ziman theory. A new resistivity and TEP simultaneous measure cell has been elaborated. It is based on the fact that since the works of Roberts (1985), the tungsten can be taken as reference electrode for the TEP. Our attention has been fixed on the Cu-Pb system which presents a miscibility gap. Our aim was to determine if the presence of gap has an influence on electronic properties above the miscibility curve. We have studied the influence Bhatia-Thornton partials interference functions SNN and Snc which has been measured by neutron diffraction with the isotonic substitution method. The theoretical interpretation of the TEP of metallic ally can be realized according to the Faber-Ziman theory. The TEP is expressed as a function of energy dependent phase shifts. Anormal concentration dependence of the temperature coefficient of the resistivity and of the thermopower indicate some premonition of the phase separation. If we take into account the Bhatia-Thornton experimental interference functions, we improve considerably by resistivity calculation. Computation of TEP by using the energy dependence contribution the calculated TEP very new to the experimental one
Leturcq, Renaud. „Etude expérimentale de la transition métal-isolant en dimension deux“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002374.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSabouri, Dodaran Amir Abbas. „Transition isolant-métal du Rb4C60 : équation d'état et structure électronique“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066297.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelahaye, Julien. „Etude expérimentale de la transition métal-isolant dans les quasicristaux“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe', Medici Luca. „Aspects sélectifs en orbitales de la transition métal-isolant de Mott“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlon, Thomas. „Anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire de films ultraminces métal/cobalt/métal, maîtrise des interfaces : de l'épitaxie à l'irradiation ionique“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerpendicular anisotropy of ultrathin magnetic films results from interfacial phenomena that induce a magnetization orientated preferentially perpendicular to the film plane. In a first part, this perpendicular anisotropy is studied in epitaxial metal/cobalt/metal films, with metal: Pt, Au, Cu et AuxCu1-x. The effects of the metal, the structural quality and the magnetic film stress are analysed. In a second part, the tuning of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is studied on Co/Pt and Co/Au films by N+ 150keV and Si+ 30keV uniform ion irradiation. Successive magnetic changes are observed with increasing the irradiation dose: coercivity reduction, anisotropy switching from out-of-plane to in-plane for Co/Pt, and paramagnetic behaviour due to total mixing. Finally, we use Si+ 30keV focused ion beam (FIB) to pattern 1´1 mm2 magnetic dot arrays
Hamzaoui, Saad. „Domaines et parois magnétiques dans les alliages amorphes de terre rare métal de transition GdFe et Gd Co et du type métal de transition métalloide NiCoP et CoTi“. Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRare earth–Transition metal amorphous thin films of Gd Co and Gd Fe have been observed by electron microscope using Lorentz method and low angle diffraction. The magnetic domains observed before and after annealing indicate magnetostrictive character of the samples and their affinity to oxygen. The small in-plane lozenge type domains have been nucleated in the Co Ni P and Co Ti films and observed by longitudinal Keff effect. Experimental results of the critical domain size have been compared with the theoretical investigations. The static and dynamics of the zigzag domain walls which are composed of several lozenge-type domains have been shown. The mechanism of zigzags propagation is explained by transverse field effect and transformation of asymmetric Bloch wall into asymmetric Néel wall and vice versa. A micromagnetic model of this transformation has been established by isolated wall behaviour in a static state
Papandreou, Nicos. „Étude de la transition métal-isolant dans des films inhomogènes de Pd“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112270.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have studied the effect of interference between microscopic and macroscopic disorder on the electronic transport properties of thin inhomogeneous palladium films, made up of both metallic clusters and holes. The samples were prepared by irradiation with heavy ions of medium energy. Irradiation creates damage, thins the film due to sputtering and, as a critical thickness is reached, creates holes. Measurements of resistance, Rutherford backscattering and electron microscopy, performed in situ at different steps of the irradiation allow us to deduce the structural parameters (electronic mean free path, thickness and metallic coverage) which govern the resistance. A model describing the evolution of the resistance with the lon fluence is proposed. Low-temperature electrical measurements reveal that macroscopic inhomogeneities amplify the effects of microscopic disorder. We observe a metal-insulator transition before the percolation threshold. A quantitative analysis of the temperature and magnetic field resistance dependences leads to a discussion of the change in transport mechanisms in both the metallic and insulating regimes
Tenailleau, Christophe. „Synthèse et caractérisation de sesquioxydes de vanadium et molybdène a transition Métal/Isolant“. Le Mans, 2001. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2001/2001LEMA1007.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe current work consisted in the synthesis and the characterisation of a new family of doped vanadium sesquioxides, of nominal formula (V1-xMox)2-O3. The thesis is divided in three parts as follows. The first part gives a presentation of the family of the vanadium sesquioxides (chapter 1), and of the various techniques used for the present study (chapter 2). V2O3 with corundum-type structure is well known to exhibit a Mott-Hubbard type Metal/Insulator transition at 160 K, accompanied by a symmetry change (from rhombohedral to monoclinic). Several substitutions on the vanadium and the oxygen sites have already been carried out, and their effects on the transition are primarily of two types : stabilizing either the metallic phase or the insulating phase. The second part deals with the synthesis (chapter 3) and the structural study (chapters 4 and 5) of (V1-xMox)2-δO3. The very delicate preparation (x ≤ 20%) involved the solid state reaction of small batches of V2O3 and MoO2 mixtures. The appearance of an intermediate phase during reaction suggested another synthetic way starting from Mo1-yVyO2 and V2O3. The doped compounds can also be prepared by reduction of (V1-xMox)2O5+z under diluted hydrogen. E. P. R. Measurements revealed the presence of paramagnetic V4+ centers due to oxidation, at a level which is negligible in comparison with the Mo doping level. Chapter 4 is mostly devoted to the influence of substitution on the room temperature crystal structure, as refined from X-ray and neutron powder diffraction patterns. Substitution lowers the octahedral distortion and induces an increase of the cation-oxygen distances, in agreement with a 3+ oxidation state of the molybdenum. The effect of Mo-doping on V2O3 is unprecedented since it increases the c/a ratio of hexagonal cell parameters with a decrease of the intercationic distances. It also lowers the Metal/Insulator transition temperature, the rhombohedral metallic phase being stable down to the lowest temperatures for all doped samples with doping rate greater than 6%. The structural evolution with respect to doping of the metallic and insulating phases at low T [10 - 300 K] is presented in the chapter 5. In the monoclinic phase, the doped compounds exhibit a negative thermal expansion coefficient. In the rhombohedral phase, the octahedral distortion increases and decreases with temperature for x = 0 and x = 0. 20, respectively. The third part of this thesis is devoted to the electronic transport (chapter 6) and magnetic (chapter 7) properties of (V1-xMox)2-δO3, which show abrupt variations at the structural transition. At room temperature (metallic phase), resistivity seems to pass through a maximum for x = 3%. Microwave measurements of the conduction have been performed on the x = 0 and x = 2% samples. The magnetic study (susceptibility. Magnetic moment) was carried out on powdered samples in the thermal range [2 - 300 K] under magnetic field [0-7 T]. In the paramagnetic state, the effective magnetic moment presents a singular evolution (maximum for x = 5%), which could be due to the appearance of a strong spin-orbit coupling. The unexpected presence of a very small ferromagnetic component was detected in the E. P. R. Spectra and magnetization curves of all slightly oxidized samples. The low temperature magnetic structure is similar to that of V2O3, with a progressive reorientation upon doping of the magnetic moments apart from the pseudo-hexagonal plane. No magnetic ordering has been detected for the highest doping rates
Grygiel, Clara. „Etude multi-échelle de la transition métal-isolant de films minces du composé V2O3“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330541.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'objectif de ce travail de thèse consiste à synthétiser et à caractériser du point de vue structural et physique des films minces du composé V2O3, déposés par ablation laser pulsé, sur des substrats de saphir (0001-Al2O3). L'influence de la contrainte induite par le substrat et l'épaisseur, sur les propriétés du matériau a été particulièrement étudiée. Pour cela, une étude multi-échelle de la structure et des propriétés de transport électronique a été réalisée. Tout en conservant la structure R-3c du composé massif, il apparaît que les contraintes modifient fortement le comportement électrique de V2O3. Les résultats mettent en évidence une évolution surprenante autour de l'épaisseur critique 220Å. Ainsi, les films épais incompressibles, sont métalliques sur toute la gamme de température et la transition métal-isolant du composé massif est supprimée. En revanche, les films fins présentent une transition métal-isolant, comme le composé massif, en dessous de 150K. Grâce à des mesures sur des microponts, nous avons montré qu'une séparation de phases mésoscopiques permet d'expliquer l'origine de l'évolution macroscopique de la résistivité, ainsi que de la dépendance qualitative en épaisseur.
Shin, Yu Ju. „Transition métal isolant et propriétés de transport dans quelques systèmes d'oxydes a valence mixte“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832737.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleShin, Yu Ju. „Transition métal-isolant et propriétés de transport dans quelques systèmes d'oxydes à valence mixte“. Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10526.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRaczkowski, Marcin. „Propriétés des phases zébrées d'oxydes de métaux de transition [en anglais]“. Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarrache-Kikuchi, Claire. „Effets dimensionnels dans un système désordonné au voisinage des transitions métal-isolant et supraconducteur-isolant“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSellier, Claire. „Structure et propriétés des oxydes quasi-1D β-SrxV6O15 : transition métal-isolant et gap de spin“. Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this work is a study of the quasi-1D compounds SrxV6O15 (0. 5 x 1). These compounds is belong to the vanadium bronze family -AxV6O15 (A = Li+, Na+, Ag+, Cu+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Sr2+) discovered at the end of the fifties. Recently, the discovery of a metal-insulator transition and of superconductivity under pressure has triggered a renewal of interest for these mixed valence (V4+-V5+) compounds. This work presents a comprehensive study of the solid solution SrxV6O15 including synthesis, characterisation, structural and physical properties (magnetism, electrical conductivity) measurement. The isostructural and/or isoelectronic compounds CaxV6O15, PbxSr1-xV6O15 et NaxV6O15 were also studied as a comparison. The structural study shows an evolution of SrV6O15 crystallographic structure with temperature. A structural transition, associated with a metal-insulator transition (MIT) and charge ordering, appears at 170 K. DAFS (Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure) spectroscopic measurements have been performed to try to determine charge ordering topology, which is a key issue to understand the physical properties of these compounds. Properties of SrxV6O15 have been studied in order to clarify the origin and mechanism of the MIT. Magnetic properties (macroscopic magnetic susceptibility, ESR, inelastic neutron scattering) which are different for monovalent or divalent A cation, confirm the existence of a spin gap in SrV6O15. Electrical conductivity measurements show the quasi-1D character and the polaronic nature carriers in SrV6O15. .
Négrier, Matthieu. „Nanostructures à forte anisotropie magnétique élaborées par dépôt d'agrégats mixtes métal de transition - terre rare“. Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoufyani, Mohammed. „Aérogels et matériaux SiO2-oxyde d'un métal de transition obtenus par la voie sol-gel“. Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20295.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoulon, Jérôme. „Films manganites orientés présentant une transition métal-isolant : dépôt par ablation laser, intégration sur silicium“. Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn function of substitutions, the manganites oxydes with perovskite structure present a dramatic evolution of the electric properties. This shows the possibilities of making a limitor of current and voltage. The technique chooses to grown the films and preserves the cristallinity, is the pulsed laser deposition. The La0. 8Sr0. 2MnO3 grown without preferential orientation on Si substrate. A part of this study point on the development of a buffer layer. A original method of manganite fine powder synthesis have been used and it sintering have been optimized. The conductivity properties of the bulk nickelate are equivalent of the film only when the growth conditions are under control. The films of manganite are oriented but the properties near of the crystal are finding again for the lanthane aluminate substrate, which have the biggest mismatch with the manganite. The result shows the dramatic sensibility of manganite layer to the strains due to the grown and the mismatch
Zhu, Jian Huan. „Etude de la copolymérisation d'alcynes terminaux amorcée par un complexe stable d'un métal de transition“. Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10545.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMottaghizadeh, Alireza. „Non-conventional insulators : metal-insulator transition and topological protection“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066652.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript presents an experimental study of unconventional insulating phases, which are the Anderson insulator, induced by disorder, the Mott insulator, induced by Coulomb interactions, and topological insulators.In a first part of the manuscript, I will describe the development of a method to study the charge response of nanoparticles through Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM). This method has been applied to magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles, a material that presents a metal-insulator transition, i.e. the Verwey transition, upon cooling the system below a temperature Tv=120K. In a second part, this manuscript presents a detailed study of the evolution of the Density Of States (DOS) across the metal-insulator transition between an Anderson-Mott insulator and a metallic phase in the material SrTiO3 and this, as function of dopant concentration, i.e. oxygen vacancies. We found that in this memristive type device Au-SrTiO3-Au, the dopant concentration could be fine-tuned through electric-field migration of oxygen vacancies. In this tunnel junction device, the evolution of the DOS can be followed continuously across the metal-insulator transition. Finally, in a third part, the manuscript presents the development of a method for the microfabrication of Aharonov-Bohm rings with the topological insulator material, Bi2Se3, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Preliminary results on the quantum transport properties of these devices will be presented
Wu, Ming. „Etude et intégration de films getter pour le packaging sous vide à basse température de résonateurs à quartz“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS240.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe vacuum packaging of resonant sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes) and quartz oscillators which are used for time references or bolometers is needed in order to reach high performances on a long term. The low volume of the cavity requires an in-situ gas pumping to compensate the leaks and maintain the vacuum during all the lifetime of the device. This pumping can be achieved by the integration of getter materials into the cavity, behaving as an integrated solid state pumping system based on the adsorption and the trapping of the gas molecules.We have studied the interdiffusion phenomena and compared the sorption capacity of titanium, vanadium or zirconium getter film protected by a thin gold layer. The properties of these films were analysed by various techniques: 4 point probe resistivity measurement, XRD, SEM, XPS and SIMS after different thermal treatments. The results show that the Au/Zr system is the best candidate thanks to the gold dewetting after thermal treatment: 70 nm of Zr has been oxidized to ZrO2 after annealing at 300 °C-1h, which is corresponding to the absorption of 7,5 10-7 moles of oxygen. However Au/Zr system already reacts at 200 °C-1h, a too low temperature for packaging applications under vacuum. Thus, the multilayer Au/Zr/V/Zr was proposed to target an activation temperature around 300 °C while keeping a high sorption capacity
Akroune, Abdallah. „Transition métal-isolant dans les oxyfluorures V1-x Mx 02-2x F2x (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni) : étude des propriétés structurales, magnétiques et électriques“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX11173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoulenouar-Mohamedi, Fatma Zohra. „Étude de l'oxydation anodique de l'hydrogène à l'interface métal/zircone stabilisée à haute température (métal=platine, nickel, cuivre)“. Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Yangshu. „Transitions métal-non métal dans quelques bronzes oxygénés et autres systèmes à valences mixtes du tungstène“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00170110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrasland, Hadrien. „Conductance hors-équilibre dans les Jonctions métal-supraconducteur : application à l’étude de Ba(Fe,Ni)2As2“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReaching a good understanding of the superconductivity of iron pnictides and selenides requires an accurate knowledge of their electronic and magnetic properties. To this end, I helped building and I automated a cryogenic device that is suitable for the study of these properties, at low temperatures (down to ~1 K) and under the application of a magnetic field, either static (up to 2 T) or oscillating. The device implements the experimental techniques of point contact spectroscopy and scanning hall probe microscopy, and it allows switching between them without requiring sample manipulations.I subsequently used this device to study the superconducting gaps of Ba(Fe,Ni)2As2 by point contact spectroscopy, before I began looking for signatures of the coupling of conduction electrons to bosonic modes. However, in this process, the differential conductance of metal-superconductor junctions turned out to exhibit oscillating features, whose period evolves in temperature like the superconducting gap of the sample. This signal also depends on a junction's contact resistance in such a manner that it appears unmistakably out-of-equilibrium in nature.I derived a model of this signal by undertaking a theoretical study of metal-metal-superconductor junctions. In these junctions, the second metallic region would emerge from a local transition of the superconductor to the normal state. The resulting model is able to predict the differential conductance of such a junction, given prior knowledge of the L(V) law linking the size of the second metallic region to the voltage being applied across the junction. I subsequently derived several models for this law.Comparing these models to experimental data, it appears that the observed phenomenology could emerge from a local increase of current density above the "depairing current" Jd associated to Cooper pair breaking in the superconductor. Alternatively, electron injection could also locally alter the electron energy distribution f(E) of the sample to the point of destabilizing the superconducting state. This last explanation requires a strong temperature dependence of the electron-boson coupling at low energies.Finally, in an appendix, I describe the magnetic microscopy capabilities of the experimental device. Those capabilities enabled us to understand the role played by quantum creep in the relaxation of trapped vortices within Fe(Se,Te)
Russier, Vincent. „Contribution à la description théorique de l'interface métal noble / solution électrolytique“. Paris 6, 1986. https://hal.science/tel-04577395v1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTheoretical description of the interface between a noble metal and an electrolytic solution. The description of the solution-wall solid interface is described by the "civilized" model in which the molecules are hard spheres bearing a point dipole and the ions of charged hard spheres. Determination of the density profile of dipoles when they interact with the surface and the density profile of ions. For noble-vacuum metal interface, calculation of output work and surface energy. Use of a simple model to treat the surface and account for hybridization s/d
Vâju, George Cristian. „Transition isolant-métal et supraconductivité induites par pulse électrique dans les isolants de Mott AM4X8 (A=Ga, Ge ; M=V, Ta, Nb ; X=S, Se)“. Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe chalcogenide lacunar spinel family AM4X8 (A = Ga, Ge ; M = V, Ta, Nb ; X = S, Se) is one of the rare examples of Mott insulators that become metallic under pressure, and even superconducting for GaTa4Se8 (TC = 8 K) et GaNb4Se8 (TC = 5. 7 K). During this PhD thesis, a non–volatile insulator to metal transition was obtained on single crystals of these compounds using a external stimuli very different than pressure : the application of electric pulses as short as 100 ns. This transition is reversible using opposite electrical current. In the “metallic like” state, GaTa4Se8 presents a superconducting state with a TC of about 5-7 K. The resistance does however not drop to zero, suggesting a granular superconductivity. This hypothesis is further confirmed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy studies, showing an electronic phase separation where two types of nanodomains coexist, metallic ones and extremely insulating ones, both immerged into the insulating majority phase. The mechanism of this pulse–induced reversible insulator – metal transition does not seem to be one of those already known in literature. Our results suggest the existence of a electrostrictive coupling that generates a local compression during the pulse application, leading to a bandwidth-change driven Mott transition. This study could be the first experimental evidence of such a phenomenon. The reversibility of the transition opens the way for the application of these materials in non-volatile RRAM memories
Friedt, Oliver. „Relation entre la structure, le magnétisme et l'état électronique dans Ca2-xSrxRuO4 : étude par diffusion des neutrons“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we aimed at exploring the structural and magnetic phase diagram of Ca(2-x)Sr(x)RuO4 using neutron scattering techniques. Our detailed studies show that the magnetic and electronic properties are closely correlated to the observed structural distortions induced by the isovalent Ca substitution. First, with the substitution of Sr by Ca in Ca(2-x)Sr(x)RuO4 the system undergoes a structural phase transition characterised by the rotation of the RuO6 octahedron around the c axis. Upon further Ca substitution a second structural phase transition sets in around x~0. 5, which is characterised by an additional tilt of the octahedron around an in-plane axis. Further reduction of the Sr concentration drives the system via a first order transition from a metallic phase to an antiferromagnetic insulating ground state, accompanied by a characteristic flattening of the RuO6 octahedron along the c axis. Moreover, the magnetic excitations in Ca(2-x)Sr(x)RuO4 close to the concentration where the static low temperature susceptibility is maximal have been analyzed by inelastic neutron scattering. The excitation spectrum in such a sample is no longer dominated by the nesting excitations which are present in Sr2RuO4; instead we find incommensurate scattering at wave vectors close to the zone centre. The peaks that dominate the magnetic fluctuations are rather broad in Q space and have significant extension to the two-dimensional zone-centre. We argue, that together with the small characteristic energy these features may account for the strong enhancement of the low temperature macroscopic susceptibility towards the critical concentration x(c)= 0. 5. We propose a phenomenological model to explain the incommensurate fluctuations in Ca(2-x)Sr(x)RuO4 for x close to 0. 5. Within this model the incommensurate peak can be directly correlated with nesting features of the γ sheet, which is strongly affected by the corresponding van Hove singularity. It turns out that the van Hove singularity dominates not only the density of states at and near E(F), but may lead, when passing through E(F), to a topological change of the Fermi surface which give rise to new nesting features. This nesting effect would occur at incommensurate wave vector which are in qualitative agreement with our data. Keywords: Ruthenates, Metal- Insulator Transition, Structural Phase Transition, Magnetism, Neutron Diffraction, Dynamic Properties -Spin fluctuation, Inelastic neutron scattering
Dubost, Vincent. „Étude par microscopie/spectroscopie tunnel de la transition isolant/métal induite par pulses électriques dans GaTa4Se8“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066633.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this PhD thesis, we have studied using scannng tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy the two main phenomena due to interactions between electrons : superconductivity and Mott Metal-Insulator transition. The study of the intercalated graphite CaC6 show that this superconductor is well described by conventionnal BCS theory with a zero temperature gap of 1. 6 +/-0. 2 meV, even if a small spectroscopic broadening suggest a weak anisotropy in the ab plane. The imaging of vortex lattice give for the coherence length extrapolated at zero temperature 38 nanometers. The main part of the manuscript is dedicated to the study of the Electric Pusle Insulator-Metal Transition in the weak Mott Insulator GaTa4Se8. The application of the electric pulse induces the formation of metallic zones in a insulating matrix in the bulk material. These observations provides a natural explanation for the phenomenological model used in transport measurements. The application of voltage sweeps during spectroscopic measurements trigger a local Insulator-Metal transition and for increased biases (V>1. 0V), one can observe a inflation of the surface as an effect of the electric field. The study of electron doped compound Ga0,91Zn0,15Ta4Se8 show that if doping induce a metallicity, the transition induced by the electric pulse is closer to a bandwith controled transition rather than a doping controled transition. This manuscript set the question if this phenomena isintrinsic to GaTa4Se8, or general to the other weak Mott insulators
Dubost, Vincent. „Étude par microscopie/spectroscopie tunnel de la transition isolant/métal induite par pulses électriques dans GaTa4Se8“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496843.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCapoen, Bruno. „Interférences quantiques et interactions électron-électron dans GaAs dopé au voisinage de la transition métal-isolant“. Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlfred-Duplan, Carole, und Gilbert Vacquier. „Evolution des interactions physico-chimiques dans des composites actifs : métal de transition-supraconducteur (Fe/YBa2Cu3O7-delta)“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKaaouachi, Abdelhamid El. „Mécanismes de conduction à basse température au voisinage de la transition métal-isolant dans le phosphure d'indium“. Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMottaghizadeh, Alireza. „Non-conventional insulators : metal-insulator transition and topological protection“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066652/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript presents an experimental study of unconventional insulating phases, which are the Anderson insulator, induced by disorder, the Mott insulator, induced by Coulomb interactions, and topological insulators.In a first part of the manuscript, I will describe the development of a method to study the charge response of nanoparticles through Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM). This method has been applied to magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles, a material that presents a metal-insulator transition, i.e. the Verwey transition, upon cooling the system below a temperature Tv=120K. In a second part, this manuscript presents a detailed study of the evolution of the Density Of States (DOS) across the metal-insulator transition between an Anderson-Mott insulator and a metallic phase in the material SrTiO3 and this, as function of dopant concentration, i.e. oxygen vacancies. We found that in this memristive type device Au-SrTiO3-Au, the dopant concentration could be fine-tuned through electric-field migration of oxygen vacancies. In this tunnel junction device, the evolution of the DOS can be followed continuously across the metal-insulator transition. Finally, in a third part, the manuscript presents the development of a method for the microfabrication of Aharonov-Bohm rings with the topological insulator material, Bi2Se3, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Preliminary results on the quantum transport properties of these devices will be presented
Cadot, Stéphane. „Élaboration de monocouches de dichalcogénures de métaux de transition du groupe (VI) par chimie organométallique de surface“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1075/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoS2, a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) possessing a mica-like layered structure, has been widely used over the past century as solid lubricant and hydrotreating catalyst. Since 2010, the discovery of new semiconducting (direct gap) and photoluminescence properties emerging in monolayer MoS2 has attracted much interest, with a wide range of potentialities for next-generation electronics or energy storage devices. Beyond MoS2, this discovery also concerns other TMDs (WS2, NbS2, MoSe2, WSe2,…), displaying a wide variety of electronic and optical properties, and whose combination with other 2D materials (graphene, BN,…) offers outstanding opportunities. While exfoliated materials have provided a convenient way to demonstrate the feasibility of proof-of-concept-devices, the development of reliable synthesis methods allowing the industrial production of monolayer TMDs has now to be investigated.In this booming research field, currently dominated by high-temperature CVD processes which are time-consuming and often require the use of epitaxial substrates, we investigated the potentiality of a low-temperature chemical vapor deposition approach on amorphous SiO2 substrates. This work allowed us to identify suitable precursors for the CVD or ALD of ultrathin amorphous molybdenum or tungsten sulfide deposits below 250°C, and to point out their ability to self-reorganize into crystalline MoS2 and WS2 monolayers upon thermal annealing
Wang, Weimin. „Structure électronique et magnétique des oxydes de métaux de transition : le cas de Fe3O4“. Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841671.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFratini, Simone. „Cristallisation des polarons à basse densité et transition isolant-métal : effets des interactions coulombiennes à longue portée“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZinovyeva, Veronika. „Matériaux composés (polymères électroactif - nanoparticules de métal) et liquides ioniques“. Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe actual PhD thesis is devoted to syntheses of composite materials combining conducting polymers with transition metals, their characterization with the use of a large set of modern physical, chemical and electrochemical methods and initial studies of their catalytic applications. These processes were realized both in conventional (aqueous and organic) media and in room-temperature ionic liquids. As an approach for the chemical synthesis, a simple one-pot non-template method, consisting in the chemical reduction of various inorganic salts by pyrrole monomer in a set of solvents, was applied. Polymerization of pyrrole with the use of Fe(III), Cu(II) and Pd(II) salts as oxidants was carried out in a wide range of reaction conditions. The kinetics of the polymerization process was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and DLS. The obtained materials were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry, elemental CHNS analysis, ICP-AES, AFM, SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS, XAS, IR techniques. Catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized Pd/polypyrrole nanocomposites were analyzed for the direct catalytic arylation of heteroaromatics and electrooxidation of ascorbic acid. Alternative ways to conducting polymer preparation in the form of films and powders inside ionic liquids, in comparison to those in conventional media, were described. The influence of the synthesis conditions and of the solvent nature on electrochemical properties and morphology of conducting polymers was discussed. The electrooxidation of ferrocene in ionic liquids was investigated in details, and a model for the diffusional transport in these viscous media was proposed
Marrache-Kikuchi, Claire Akiko. „Effets dimensionnels dans un système désordonné au voisinage des transitions métal-isolant et supraconducteur-isolant“. Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLow temperature transport in disordered conducting materials imply quantum interference, Coulomb repulsion, and superconducting fluctuations. Since 2D is the lower critical dimension for the existence of metallic and superconducting states, we have studied two quantum phase transitions – the Superconductor-to-Insulator Transition (SIT) and the Metal-to-Insulator Transition (MIT) – when the thickness of a disordered system – here a-NbSi – is lowered. The underlying problem is the transition between the different states and the conditions for a 2D metal to exist. We have studied the field and disorder-induced SIT. The principal characteristics we have observed (renormalization, role of the field orientation) are well explained by M. P. A. Fisher's theory. However, we do not find the critical exponents values and a universal resistance at the transition as predicted by this theory. Concerning the MIT, we have decreased the thickness of a metallic system to reach the dimension 2 and an insulating state. In both transitions, the passage to the insulating state clearly shows the existence of dissipative states at zero temperature that are not predicted by conventional theories. We propose an interpretation of all our results that implies the existence of a novel phase in 2D, a Bose Metal, between the superconducting and the metallic states. This new state has been predicted by recent theories. We trace the corresponding phase diagram for the model system NbSi with respect to concentration and film thickness
Santos-Cottin, David. „Propriétés électroniques et de transport du semi-métal corrélé quasi-2D BaNiS2“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066139/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to clarify the mechanism of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) driven by doping x in the quasi-2D BaCo1-xNixS2 system. First of all, synthesize of high quality single crystals with substitution level x varying in the full 0 - 1 range was fundamental. It appears that the mechanism of the metal-insulator transition is associated to a continuous modification of metal-sulfurs distances. Then, we focus on an investigated the electronic properties of BaNiS2, precursor metallic phase of the MIT. Studies of the electronic structure of BaNiS2 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and by quantum oscillation measurements reveal the existence of two pockets at the Fermi surface: an electron-like 2D pocket centered in Γ(Z) and a hole-like pocket quasi-2D at mi-distance along ΓM(ZA) with a conic-like dispersion in kz = 0 . Furthermore, data also show a very large spin-orbit splitting at Γ and Z which is unexpected in a 3d metal compound. From previous studies, we developed a model to explain magnetotransport properties of BaNiS2. This model involves that BaNiS2 is a three carriers compensated metal: a majority holes p1 and electrons e1 carriers with moderate mobilities and a minor holes p2 carriers with a high mobility. The two different holes carries observed in magneto-transport could be explain by an important variation of the hole-like pocket dispersion along kz. Measures realized during this thesis are consistent and allowed to know precisely the form of the Fermi surface of BaNiS2 and its electronic properties which are more bi-dimensional than predict by conventional calculation
Monsterleet, Jean-Marc. „Contribution à l'étude de la magnétorésistance négative dans GaAs et InP dopés au voisinage de la transition métal-isolant“. Lille 1, 1997. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1997/50376-1997-53.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenhamed, Imane. „Amélioration par ajout d’un métal de transition de la régénération in situ d’un charbon actif par oxydation catalytique“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14168/1/benhamed.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLucas, Christine. „Etude de l'activation de la polymérisation d'alcynes terminaux amorcée par un complexe carbénique stable d'un métal de transition“. Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10541.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDellouve, Pascal. „Étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire du donneur, de la transition métal-isolant dans le silicium dopé au phosphore“. Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaalej, Olfa. „Verres et vitrocéramiques fluorés dopés terre rare et/ou métal de transition pour la conversion de l'énergie solaire“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe efficiency of solar cells can be improved by fully exploiting the UV-blue portion of the solar spectrum, through a frequency converting mechanism of type downconversion. This process using energy transfer between rare earth ions (RE) or 3d transition metal (pairs RE3+/Yb3+ with TR = Pr, Tm,… and Cr3+/Yb3+) requires a matrix with low phonon energy to reduce non radiative relaxation.So far, the studied materials are mainly in the form of polycristalline powder, which limits their use due to diffusion or single crystals which manufacturing cost is high.As part of this thesis, fluoride glasses based on fluorozirconate ZLAG (ZrF4-LaF3-AlF3-GaF3) and ZBLA (ZrF4-LaF2-LaF3-AlF3) have been prepared by the melting-casting technique. These are suitable because of their intrinsic properties of transparency and low phonon energy. The resulting materials were then characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and luminescence.Molecular Dynamics simulation and Fluorescence line narrowing of ZLAG matrix have been performed in order to investigate the structural modification during the transformation of the glass into the glass-ceramic.Luminescence of Yb3+ ion was observed in the near IR at 980 nm under blue excitation in all studied series, which is the signature of energy transfer. In the ZLAG glass, the efficiency reaches 92% for Pr3+ → Yb3+ energy transfer and 65% for Tm3+ → Yb3+ energy transfer. The efficiency is lower in the ZBLA glass and the ZLAG ceramisation does not improve the performances
Caldara, Gaëtan. „Effets des interactions sur les systèmes 2d désordonnés“. Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGenin, Emilie. „Catalyse en milieu organique et organoaqueux à l'aide de complexes de palladium, rhodium, platine, iridium et or : développements récents de réactions tandem et cycloisomérisations“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this manuscript are presented transition metal catalyzed additions to alkynes or enynes cyclisations. A new water soluble monophopshine m TPPTC has been synthesized. Its stereoelectronic properties have been investigated and led to an increased basicity compared to the sulfonated analog TPPTS. The m-TPPTC ligand turned out to be an efficient and selective ligand for the rhodium catalyzed addition of boronic acids to alkynes in an organoaqueous medium. Recycling of the catalyst was successfully achieved. Studies on tandem and cycloisomerization reactions have led to optimization of new catalytic systems based on gold, iridium and platinum complexes. Carbo and heterocycles can be obtained through alkoxycyclisation or Friedel-Craft/cyclisation reactions. An asymmetric version of this reaction has been developed. Acetals and lactones were also synthesized
Coutanceau, Martine. „Un nouvel oxyde mixte de cobalt : TlSr₂CoO₅“. Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10701.
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