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Zsembery, Celeste Lloyd. „Rhetoric in Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Healing Minds Through Argumentation“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3093.
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The fields of psychology and rhetoric share the goal of improving human mental health and behavior through persuasion. This thesis traces the history of rhetoric and psychology theory, focusing on the parallel theories of Nienkamp's internal rhetoric and Herman's dialogical self. Both theories model the human mind as having multiple psyches that actively interact to interpret human experience and project human behavior. I conclude with a case study of anorexic patients using ethos, pathos, and logos in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), arguing that principles of rhetoric can help patients with mental disorders cognitively realign their thinking more effectively than drug treatments can.
2
Strass, Hannes. „Approximating Operators and Semantics for Abstract Dialectical Frameworks“. Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-102943.
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We provide a systematic in-depth study of the semantics of abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs), a recent generalisation of Dung\'s abstract argumentation frameworks. This is done by associating with an ADF its characteristic one-step consequence operator and defining various semantics for ADFs as different fixpoints of this operator. We first show that several existing semantical notions are faithfully captured by our definition, then proceed to define new ADF semantics and show that they are proper generalisations of existing argumentation semantics from the literature. Most remarkably, this operator-based approach allows us to compare ADFs to related nonmonotonic formalisms like Dung argumentation frameworks and propositional logic programs. We use polynomial, faithful and modular translations to relate the formalisms, and our results show that both abstract argumentation frameworks and abstract dialectical frameworks are at most as expressive as propositional normal logic programs.
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Al-Rikabi, A. A. „A revised pragma-dialectical approach to political argumentation in the media“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47928/.
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This thesis critically reviews the pragma-dialectical approach to the study of argumentation advanced by van Eemeren and Grootendorst (1984, 1988, 1992, 2003, 2004) and puts forward a modified version of this framework to provide a better analysis of the special features of political argumentation. This study develops a more applicable model for the analysis and evaluation of actual argumentative discussions, which are often typical of political discourse. The revised framework proposes a number of amendments to the rules of the critical discussion model. Some new types of fallacies arising as a result of violations to these rules are also discussed. One of the main arguments put forward in this thesis is that the aim of political argumentation is not restricted to resolving differences of opinion, and that the role of the audience is critical to understanding political argumentative discourse. The thesis also explores the ways in which violations of the rules of the critical discussion can affect the process of argumentation, and whether such violations always lead to fallacies being committed. The thesis considers the true aims of political argumentation and develops a modified version of the pragma-dialectal framework consisting of a general principle and just seven discussion rules, which takes into account a new conception of the notions of argumentation and fallacy.
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Hietanen, Mika. „Paul's argumentation in Galatians : a pragma-dialectical analysis of Gal. 3.1-5.12 /“. Helsinki : Åbo Akademi, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40980911t.
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Ouerdane, Wassila. „Multiple criteria decision aiding : a dialectical perspective“. Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090075.
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Nous proposons dans cette thèse d'intégrer les concepts et les outils de la théorie de l'argumentation dans un processus d'aide à la décision : une interaction entre un expert et un décideur, avec pour principal objectif est d'arriver à un consensus. Notre ambition à travers ce travail est double : (i) renforcer les capacité d’aide à la décision d’un expert en lui offrant un moyen formel pour représenter de façon explicite et transparente les raisons pour lesquelles il recommande (ou non) une solution (le cas échéant), et (ii) renforcer les capacités d’un outil (semi) automatique pour lui permettre de gérer le dialogue avec un décideur, dans le but de l’aider à résoudre son problème de décision. Dans la première partie de notre travail, nous proposons de combler l’absence d’explications formelles durant un processus d’évaluation multicritère, en construisons une structure hiérarchique de trois niveaux de schémas d’argument. Ces schémas vont permettre de représenter de façon explicite et claire les hypothèses de chaque étape du processus. Dans la second partie, nous souhaitons montrer que l'utilisation des outils de l'argumentation, tel que la fonction d'acceptabilité, les questions critiques, vont permettre de faciliter le processus de révision et/ou de mise à jour durant l’évaluation multicritère. Pour cela, nous proposons de construire un système qui va permettre, entre autres, (i) de présenter une recommandation qui peut être explicitement justifiée, (ii) de réviser n'importe quelle étape du raisonnement durant le processus et d'informer des conséquences des évolutions en utilisant, par exemple, une représentation graphiques des arguments échangesWe propose in this thesis to adopt tools and concepts of argumentation theory in a decision aiding process: an interaction between, at least, an expert and a decision maker, where the main objective of this process is to reach a consensus between the two participants. Our ambitions through this work is twofold: (i) enhance decision support capabilities of the analyst representing explicitly and accountably the reasons for which he recommend (or not) a solution (if any); and (ii) Enhance decision support capabilities of an (semi) automatic device to handle (at least partially) the dialogue with the user. Thus, first, we propose to specify in an argumentative terms the steps involved in a multiple criteria evaluation process, a phase of the decision aiding process. To do that, we construct a hierarchical structure where we identify three levels of argument schemes that are embedded. The objective is to make explicit assumptions that are hidden in such a process, hence allowing meaningful explanations. Second, we propose to show that by relying on tools of argumentation such as acceptability function, critical questions, we facilitate the revision/update occurring during such a process. To do that, we initiate a systematic study which aims at constituting a significant step forward for forthcoming decision-aiding tools. The kind of system that we foresee here would allow, among others,: (i) to present a recommendation that can be explicitly justified; (ii) to revise any piece of reasoning involved in this process, and to inform of the consequences of such moves by presenting, for instance, graphically the exchanged arguments
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Straß, Hannes, und Johannes Peter Wallner. „Analyzing the Computational Complexity of Abstract Dialectical Frameworks via Approximation Fixpoint Theory“. Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-129614.
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Abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs) have recently been proposed as a versatile generalization of Dung's abstract argumentation frameworks (AFs). In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the computational complexity of ADFs. Our results show that while ADFs are one level up in the polynomial hierarchy compared to AFs, there is a useful subclass of ADFs which is as complex as AFs while arguably offering more modeling capacities. As a technical vehicle, we employ the approximation fixpoint theory of Denecker, Marek and Truszczyński, thus showing that it is also a useful tool for complexity analysis of operator-based semantics.
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Bortoletto, Adriana [UNESP]. „Temas sociocientíficos: análise dos processos argumentativos no contexto escolar“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90948.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi explorar e analisar o engajamento discursivo, assim como as concepções de ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente, de alunos de um curso técnico durante os processos argumentativos em sala de aula. Para realização da proposta foi necessária a elaboração de um minicurso intitulado de Eficiência Energética. o material didático era composto por vídeos, textos da área e situações problemas, os quais envolviam as dimensões científica, social, política, tecnológica e ambiental. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se da abordagem metodológica da pragmadialética e com base nessa perspectiva buscou-se analisar os atos de fala de cada participante, como estes interagiam um para com o outro, os pontos de vista defendidos individualmente, assim como as justificativas desenvolvidas em cada um destes e os estágios pelo qual a discussão passou. Neste contexto, percebemos indícios de redução da socialização comunicativa e, por conseguinte do engajamento discursivo. Esse interesse estratégico já denuncia que não houve uma simetria de oportunidade de falas. Outro ponto importante a ser observado é o contexto superficial de perfuntas e respostas e que, mesmo com as tentativas de incentivar a tematização dos seus atos de falas essas recaem em teorizações estratégicas de um ou mais alunos. Ao concebermos que uso da linguagem possui um ato intencional, em determinado contexto, o protagonista necessita entender que possui um compromisso público ao uso, e compreender que há necessidade de se relacionar com as pessoas daquele contexto. De fato, esses fundamentos são princípios básicos das interações sociais entre os indivíduos. Quanto às relações CTSA os alunos reconhecem o impacto que os artefatos tecnológicos podem provocar, na sociedade, perdas nas tradições culturais, na criatividade, além do banimento das interações sociais
The objective of this study was to explore and analyze the discursive engagement of students in a technical course in the argumentative process in the classroom. For realization of the proposal was necessary to prepare a mini-course on Energy Efficiency. The material consisted of vídeos, texts of the area problems and situations, which envolved the dimensions scientific, economic, social, political, environmental and technology. For data analysis was used to approch the pragma-dialetical perspective and based on that sought to examine the acts of speech of each participant as they interact with one another, the views held by each, thus as justifictions developed by each of the stages and for which the discussion started. In this context, we observe evidence of reduced communicative socialization and therefore discursive engagement. Another important point to note is the superficial context of questions and answers, and that even with attempts to promote explanations about the themes, their speech acts fall into one or more strategic actions of students. The strategic interest already complained that there wasn't symmetry of opportunities to talk. We understand that language use has an intentional act, in certain contexts, the protagonist needs to understand that has a public commitment to use, and understand that there is a need to relate to people in that context. In fact, these fundamentals are basic principles of social interactions among individuals. About CTSA relations students recognize the impact that technological artifacts may result in society, losses in cultural traditions, creativity, and the banishment of social interactions
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Bortoletto, Adriana. „Temas sociocientíficos : análise dos processos argumentativos no contexto escolar /“. Bauru : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90948.
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Orientador: Washington Luiz Pacheco de CarvalhoBanca: Carmen Roselaine Farias
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Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi explorar e analisar o engajamento discursivo, assim como as concepções de ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente, de alunos de um curso técnico durante os processos argumentativos em sala de aula. Para realização da proposta foi necessária a elaboração de um minicurso intitulado de Eficiência Energética. o material didático era composto por vídeos, textos da área e situações problemas, os quais envolviam as dimensões científica, social, política, tecnológica e ambiental. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se da abordagem metodológica da pragmadialética e com base nessa perspectiva buscou-se analisar os atos de fala de cada participante, como estes interagiam um para com o outro, os pontos de vista defendidos individualmente, assim como as justificativas desenvolvidas em cada um destes e os estágios pelo qual a discussão passou. Neste contexto, percebemos indícios de redução da socialização comunicativa e, por conseguinte do engajamento discursivo. Esse interesse estratégico já denuncia que não houve uma simetria de oportunidade de falas. Outro ponto importante a ser observado é o contexto superficial de perfuntas e respostas e que, mesmo com as tentativas de incentivar a tematização dos seus atos de falas essas recaem em teorizações estratégicas de um ou mais alunos. Ao concebermos que uso da linguagem possui um ato intencional, em determinado contexto, o protagonista necessita entender que possui um compromisso público ao uso, e compreender que há necessidade de se relacionar com as pessoas daquele contexto. De fato, esses fundamentos são princípios básicos das interações sociais entre os indivíduos. Quanto às relações CTSA os alunos reconhecem o impacto que os artefatos tecnológicos podem provocar, na sociedade, perdas nas tradições culturais, na criatividade, além do banimento das interações sociais
Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore and analyze the discursive engagement of students in a technical course in the argumentative process in the classroom. For realization of the proposal was necessary to prepare a mini-course on Energy Efficiency. The material consisted of vídeos, texts of the area problems and situations, which envolved the dimensions scientific, economic, social, political, environmental and technology. For data analysis was used to approch the pragma-dialetical perspective and based on that sought to examine the acts of speech of each participant as they interact with one another, the views held by each, thus as justifictions developed by each of the stages and for which the discussion started. In this context, we observe evidence of reduced communicative socialization and therefore discursive engagement. Another important point to note is the superficial context of questions and answers, and that even with attempts to promote explanations about the themes, their speech acts fall into one or more strategic actions of students. The strategic interest already complained that there wasn't symmetry of opportunities to talk. We understand that language use has an intentional act, in certain contexts, the protagonist needs to understand that has a public commitment to use, and understand that there is a need to relate to people in that context. In fact, these fundamentals are basic principles of social interactions among individuals. About CTSA relations students recognize the impact that technological artifacts may result in society, losses in cultural traditions, creativity, and the banishment of social interactions
Mestre
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Bartocci, Barbara. „Dialectical reasoning and topical argument in the middle ages : an inquiry into the commentaries on aristotle's "topics" (1250-1500)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2035.
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La seule monographie consacrée à la réception des Topique d’Aristote au Moyen Age est le livre de Nigel J. Green-Pedersen, The Tradition of the Topics in the Middle Ages. The Commentaries on Aristotie ‘s and Boethius’ Topics’, publié en 1984. Les recherches sur la logique médiévale, qui ont été conduites pendant les derniers trente années, ont suggéré la nécessité d’une révision de l’analyse développé par Green-Pedersen. Cette thèse se pose comme objectif de situer les commentateurs médiévaux des Topiques d’Aristote dans leur milieu intellectuel. En prenant en considération une documentation inédite, nous avons essayé d’illustrer l’influence des différentes orientations philosophiques des commentateurs sur leurs modes d’interprétation du texte d’Aristote. Les premiers maîtres Parisiens essayèrent de dénouer des questions qui étaient issues de l’exégèse littéraire des Topiques, comme le problème concernant la forme et la matière des divers types des syllogismes, et en particulier du syllogisme dialectique. Leurs successeurs, notamment les auteurs Modiste comme Boece de Dace, Simon de Faversham et Raoul le Breton, se détachèrent de l’exégèse littéraire du texte pour envisager des questions métalogiques de caractère générale. Au milieu du XIVe siècle, Jean Buridan proposa une interprétation innovative du raisonnement dialectique, selon laquelle les raisonnements dialectiques valides comprenaient soit les arguments formellement valides que celles invalides. On retrouve l’opinion Buridanienne d’argumentation dialectique dans les commentaires du XVe siècles, qui furent produits dans les universités dominés par le nominalisme. Tandis que dans les universités d’orientation réaliste, les commentateurs des Topiques se retournaient vers les auteurs du XIlIe siècle, comme Albert le Grand. Les commentateurs Anglaises des Topiques, comme le Pseudo-Bonaventure, Jean Duns Scot et Walter Burley, développèrent leurs interprétations des Topiques en continuité avec tradition logique Britannique d’orientation terministe et de façon autonome des leurs collègues ParisiensFor anyone who intends to inquiry into the reception fo the Arisotelian Topics in the Middle Age, the inevitable starting point is the unique monography dealing with this issue, namely The Tradition of the Topics in the Middle Ages. The Commentaries on Aristotie‘s and Boethius ‘Topics’, published by Nigel Jørgen Green-Pedersen in 1984. Since the publication of this volume, scholarly research on medieval logic has shown the need to define better there suits of Green-Pedersens ‘s analysis. My PhD thesis aims at placing the commentators of the Topics in their intellectual context. Through the analysis of manuscript material, I have tried to show the bearing of authors’ diverse philosophical orientations on their approach to and reflections on the Aristotelian work. The earliest Parisian masters who commented on the Topics were concemed with issues that originated from the literaI explanation of the text, e.g. whether the various types of syllogisms had different forms or whether they differentiated only materially. Their prosecutors, namely the modistic authors Boethius of Dacia, Simon of Faversham and Radulphus Brito analysed the Topics in a different way. They paid special attention to metalogical questions, which were beyond the scope of the mere literal explication of the text. In mid-14th century, the Parisian master of art John Buridan proposed an innovative view about the proper subject of dialectic: it was dialectical argumentation, namely a probative or convincing reasoning which brought the agent an epistemic gain, although it could be formally invaiid. Buridan’s opinion about the subject matter of dialectic was adopted by 15th century masters, who taught in University that were nominalist in orientation. In those 15th century Universities in which the via antiqua provided the intellectual setting for masters and scholars, commentators of Aristotle’s Topics were influenced by 13th century commentators, such as Albert the Great. The English reception of the Aristotelian Topics was significantly diverse from the continental or Parisian tradition. The commentaries written by Pseudo-Bonaventure, John Duns Scotus and Walter Burley shared common features, which were strictly connected to terministic logic and which were not present in Parisian commentaries of the same period
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Karabela, Mehmet Kadri. „The development of dialectic and argumentation theory in post-classical Islamic intellectual history“. Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96696.
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This dissertation is an analysis of the development of dialectic and argumentation theory in post-classical Islamic intellectual history. The central concerns of the thesis are; treatises on the theoretical understanding of the concept of dialectic and argumentation theory, and how, in practice, the concept of dialectic, as expressed in the Greek classical tradition, was received and used by five communities in the Islamic intellectual camp. It shows how dialectic as an argumentative discourse diffused into five communities (theologicians, poets, grammarians, philosophers and jurists) and how these local dialectics that the individual communities developed fused into a single system to form a general argumentation theory (adab al-bahth) applicable to all fields. I evaluate a treatise by Shams al-Din Samarqandi (d.702/1302), the founder of this general theory, and the treatises that were written after him as a result of his work. I concentrate specifically on work by 'Ad}ud al-Din al-Iji (d.756/1355), Sayyid Sharif al-Jurjani (d.816/1413), Taşköprüzâde (d.968/1561), Saçaklızâde (d.1150/1737) and Gelenbevî (d.1205/1791) and analyze how each writer (from Samarqandi to Gelenbevî) altered the shape of argumentative discourse and how later intellectuals in the post-classical Islamic world responded to that discourse bequeathed by their predecessors. What is striking about the period that this dissertation investigates (from 1300-1800) is the persistence of what could be called the linguistic turn in argumentation theory. After a centuries-long run, the jadal-based dialectic of the classical period was displaced by a new argumentation theory, which was dominantly linguistic in character. This linguistic turn in argumentation dates from the final quarter of the fourteenth century in Iji's impressively prescient work on 'ilm al-wad'. This idea, which finally surfaced in the post-classical period, that argumentation is about definition and that, therefore, defining is the business of language—even perhaps, that language is the only available medium for understanding and being understood—affected the way that argumentation theory was processed throughout most of the period in question.The argumentative discourse that started with Ibn al-Rawandi in the third/ninth century left a permanent imprint on Islamic intellectual history, which was then full of concepts, terminology and objectives from this discourse up until the late nineteenth century. From this perspective, Islamic intellectual history can be read as the tension between two languages: the "language of dialectic" (jadal) and the "language of demonstration" (burhan), each of which refer not only to a significant feature of that history, but also to a feature that could dramatically alter the interpretation of that history.Cette dissertation est une analyse de l'évolution de la théorie dialectique et d'argumentation dans l'histoire intellectuelle islamique post-classique. Les préoccupations centrales de la thèse sont les suivantes: les traités sur la compréhension théorique de la notion de la théorie dialectique (de logique) et d'argumentation, et comment, en pratique, la notion dialectique, tel qu'elle est exprimée dans la tradition grecque classique, a été reçue et utilisée par les cinq collectivités du camp intellectuel islamique. Cette étude démontre comment la notion dialectique en tant que discours argumentatif a été diffusée dans cinq collectivités (théologiens, poètes, grammairiens, philosophes et juristes) et comment ces notions logiques locales, développées dans les différentes communautés, se sont fusionnées en un seul système pour former une théorie d'argumentation générale (adab al-bahth) applicable à tous les domaines.J'évalue un traité de Shams al-Din Samarqandi (d.702/1302), le fondateur de cette théorie générale, et les traités qui ont été écrits après lui en tant que succession de son travail. Je me concentre spécifiquement sur les travaux de 'Adud al-Din al-Iji (d.756/1355), Sayyid Sharif al-Jurjani (d.816/1413), Taşköprüzâde (d.968/1561), Saçaklızâde (d.1150/1737) et Gelenbevî (d.1205/1791) et analyse comment chaque auteur (de Samarqandi à Gelenbevî) a modifié la forme du discours argumentatif et comment les intellectuels, venus par après dans le monde post-islamique classique, ont répondu à ce discours transmis par leurs prédécesseurs.Ce qui est frappant, de la période que cette thèse étudie (de 1300-1800), est la persistance de ce qu'on pourrait appeler le tournant linguistique dans la théorie de l'argumentation. Après plusieurs siècles, la notion dialectique de la période classique basée sur jadal fût remplacée par une nouvelle théorie d'argumentation qui était principalement de caractère linguistique. Ce tournant linguistique dans l'argumentation est daté du dernier quart du quatorzième siècle dans le travail sur 'ilm al-wad' impressionnant et prémonitoire d'al-Iji. Cette idée, qui est finalement émergée dans la période post-classique, disant que l'argumentation décrit une définition et que, par conséquent, la définition est l'utilité du langage —et même peut-être, que le langage est le seul moyen disponible pour comprendre et être compris— a influencé la façon dont la théorie d'argumentation a été formulée dans la majeure partie de la période en question.Le discours argumentatif qui a commencé avec Ibn al-Rawandi au troisième/neuvième siècle a laissé une empreinte permanente dans l'histoire intellectuelle islamique qui s'est remplie de concepts, de terminologie et d'objectifs de ce discours jusqu'à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Selon cette perspective, l'histoire intellectuelle islamique peut être lue comme une divergence entre deux langues: le "langage dialectique" (jadal) et le "langage démonstratif" (burhan), dont chacun se réfère non seulement à une caractéristique importante de cette histoire, mais à une caractéristique qui pourrait changer radicalement l'interprétation de cette histoire.
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Wels, Volkhard. „Humanistische Ars und deutsche Sprache in Ortholph Fuchspergers "Dialectica deutsch" (1533)“. Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6927/.
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Der Aufsatz argumentiert, dass der entscheidende Punkt an Ortholph Fuchspergers "Dialectica deutsch" der Nachweis ist, dass es möglich ist, in deutscher Sprache zu argumentieren. Dies richtet sich gegen die alleinige Verwendung der lateinischen Sprache als wissenschaftlicher Sprache. Fuchsperger zieht damit eine Konsequenz aus der humanistischen Umbestimmung des ars-Begriffes als einer deskriptiven und nicht normativen Verfahrensweise.
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Pichihueche, Mellado Roberto. „The 'argument-is-war' and the dialectical discoursal patterns : their acquisition and use by TEFL students in written argumentative texts“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111354.
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Facultad de Filosofía y HumanidadesTesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüística mención Lengua Inglesa
The present study is intended to research into intermediate TEFL students’ development of their ability to use some of the basic argumentative writing resources that they are expected to develop as part of their academic studies and EFL teacher training. In their future professional role as, mainly, secondary school English teachers, and due to the fact that one of their tasks will be to help their students develop their critical and argumentative abilities (de Zubiria Samper, 2006), EFL teacher trainees need to develop their own critical argumentative discourse abilities in order to meet the needs of their prospective students. On account of its nature and main objective, this study may eventually offer some proposals that might be implemented for the development of TEFL students’ abilities to write argumentative texts.
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McAlister, Simon R. „Dialectic and design for online peer discussion : an educational design for supporting and structuring interaction to facilitate improved educational argumentation“. Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403881.
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Porto, Wesley Rennyer Martins Rabelo. „Dialética no ceticismo pirrônico: a contribuição da sofística no corpus argumentativo cético“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9622.
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The investigations carried out for this work aim at reflecting about the nature of the pyrrhonian discourse, and, at the same time, at trying to comprehend the sophistic‟s contribution to the formation of certain skeptical argumentative procedures. Initially, the historical development of skepticism will be traced, including, at this stage, the moment preceding the formation of the skeptical tradition as school, i.e., the moment called proto-skepticism, which bursts out still during the pre-Socratic period. Afterwards, a critical-comparative analysis between sophistry and skepticism will be started, focusing on the thoughts of the sophists Protagoras of Abdera and Gorgias of Leontini. Here we will see how some of these sophists‟ theoretical formulas and theses anticipated some of the most significant principles and arguments of the pyrrhonian tradition. Finally, the investigation addresses the skeptical discourse itself, as the fundamental characteristics and the identitary elements of the pyrrhonian logos will be examined. Especially at this point, the search for the crucial components of the skeptical discourse will be grounded on Sextus Empiricus‟s writings, the richest and most important sources about greek skepticism. We shall have, thus, a meticulous dialogue with this pyrrhonian author, in order to extract the main features of the skeptical discourse.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal refletir sobre a natureza do discurso pirrônico, e, paralelamente, tentar compreender a contribuição da sofistica para a formação de determinados procedimentos argumentativos céticos. Inicialmente, traçaremos o desenvolvimento histórico do ceticismo, incluindo, nesta etapa, o momento precedente à formação da tradição cética como escola, isto é, o momento do chamado proto-ceticismo, que irrompe ainda no período pré-socrático. Em seguida, daremos início à análise crítico-comparativa entre a sofística e o ceticismo, tendo por foco desta análise o pensamento dos sofistas Protágoras de Abdera e Górgias de Leontinos. Aqui veremos como algumas fórmulas teóricas e teses destes sofistas anteciparam alguns dos princípios e argumentos mais significativos do discurso pirrônico. Por último, nossa investigação se volta para o discurso cético em si mesmo, pois examinaremos as características fundamentais e os elementos identitários do lógos cético. Nesta fase, sobretudo, nossa busca pelos componentes fulcrais do discurso pirrônico terá por fundamento os escritos de Sexto Empírico, nossa mais rica e importante fonte sobre o ceticismo grego. Teremos, pois, um diálogo meticuloso com o autor pirrônico, para que assim possamos extrair as principais características do discurso cético.
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Rambourg, Camille. „Les Topoi d’Aristote, Rhétorique II 23 : enquête sur les origines de la notion de lieu rhétorique“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0032.
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Cette étude essaie d’expliquer les difficultés d’interprétation que posent tant la notion de topos au sein de la Rhétorique que la liste de vingt-huit lieux d’enthymème de Rhét. II 23 au moyen de l’hypothèse suivante : Aristote tenterait de concevoir un équivalent proprement rhétorique du topos dialectique. Dans la liste, le modèle dialectique serait envisagé de façon à recouvrir non seulement des stratégies des Topiques adaptées aux conditions particulières de la rhétorique, mais aussi des éléments issus de la tradition empirico-sophistique, l’ensemble ayant pour horizon la pratique oratoire.La première partie vise à mettre en évidence les influences théoriques qui ont présidé à la conception du topos et à la constitution de la liste de Rhét. II 23 : d’une part les technai de la tradition empirico-sophistique, de l’autre le modèle de l’invention dialectique. La deuxième partie tente de rendre un contexte à chacune des formes d’argument de Rhét. II 23 pour dé-terminer dans quelle mesure la prise en compte de la pratique oratoire — au sens large, comprenant les discours des historiens, la tragédie et la comédie — a joué un rôle dans la sélection et dans la description des lieuxThis study attempts to account for the difficulties raised by the notion of topos in Aristotle’s Rhetoric and the list of the twenty-eight topoi of enthymeme in Rhet. II 23. Its main hypothe-sis is that Aristotle tries to frame the concept of a truly rhetorical topos. In his list, he rethinks the theoretical model of dialectical invention in such a manner as to include elements adapted from his own Topics as well as elements from the tradition of the rhetorical technai –the ulti-mate end being oratorical practice.The first part tries to highlight the theoretical influences for the concept of topos and the list in Rhet. II 23: the traditional rhetorical technai on the one hand, and the model of dialectical invention on the other. In the second part, each individual topos is analysed in its literary con-text, in order to determine the rôle of oratorical practice – understood in a wide sense, includ-ing history, tragedy and comedy – for the selection and the description of the topoi in Rhet. II 23
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Silva, Cleide Lucia da Cunha Rizerio e. „As falácias no debate político eleitoral: uma visão Pragmadialética“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-25092013-110412/.
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Neste estudo, temos por proposta observar o debate político eleitoral, de modo a caracterizá-lo como um evento polêmico em que as opiniões não configuram o objeto principal do discurso dos interlocutores. Acreditamos que os participantes de tal gênero discursivo utilizam manobras argumentativas, que constituem falácias, como uma estratégia; entretanto, tal prática pode acarretar consequências ou efeitos diferentes daquelas tradicionalmente decorrentes de tal manobra. Como fundamentação teórica, aplicamos os conceitos da Teoria Pragmadialética da Argumentação (van Eemeren e Grootendorst: 1984, 1992, 2004), de certa forma conectada à Dialética, mas que apresenta diferenças importantes, principalmente por meio da dicotomia entre os termos Formal e Pragma (derivada de Pragmática). Os elementos pragmáticos que esse termo pressupõe referem-se à Teoria dos Atos de Fala e à Análise do discurso, inspiradas pelas descobertas dos filósofos que analisam a linguagem do cotidiano. Tratamos do emprego da falácia como uma espécie de inobservância às Regras de Discussão Crítica - regras que fazem referência a um comportamento, ou ação, pelo qual os interlocutores são responsáveis. Cada tipo de falácia pode ocorrer em um determinado estágio de discussão crítica, a qual corresponde a um modelo que apresenta estágios distintos, analiticamente, no processo de solucionar uma discussão, e cada violação às regras da discussão crítica pode tornar a resolução da diferença de opinião mais difícil ou mesmo impossível, configurando-se uma falácia. Tais violações são realizadas por meio de atos de fala dos tipos assertivo, comissivo, diretivo, declarativo ou declarativo de uso. A metodologia a ser utilizada constitui-se da observação das unidades de análise (os turnos de fala dos participantes), de modo a classificar a ocorrência das falácias. O corpus selecionado refere-se a debates políticos eleitorais exibidos pela mídia televisiva, no ano de 2008, referentes às eleições à prefeitura da cidade São Paulo-SP.This paper deals with political debate, in order to analyze if the opinions are truly the aim of this kind of discourse and some of the strategic arguments, that can be understand as fallacies, would be find. At the Pragma-dialectical approach of argumentation (van Eemeren e Grootendorst: 1984, 1992, 2004) the concept of fallacies could be better understood as one impediment to the resolution of a disagreement. The theory proposes ten rules for the conduct of an ideal model of a critical discussion. A fallacy is a violation of one of the ten rules. Generically, such fallacies are moves which disrupt or derail the process of rationally resolving an expressed difference of opinion. A fallacy can happen in the various stages of a critical discussion by the performance of speech acts: comissives, directives, expressive and declaratives. The methodology is the observation of the speech acts of the participants on a debate in order to verify the fallacies that can occur. Political debates from 2008, for the mayor of Sao Paulo election is the corpus selected.
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Homem, Edson de Castro. „A ipseidade na ética argumentativa de Paul Ricoeur“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2004. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2999.
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A ipseidade na ética argumentativa de Paul Ricoeur é a referência básica da hermenêutica do si ao qual sempre retorna. Ela estabelece a constante mediação reflexiva em oposição à pretensa posição imediata do sujeito. A mesmidade do si tem como contrapartida o outro. Na comparação, a mesmidade é sinônimo de identidade-idem em oposição à ipseidade-ipse que inclui a alteridade. Esta inclusão questiona a capacidade do si construtivo da ética e, portanto, responsável jurídica e moralmente nas várias injunções do outro. O projeto ético de Ricoeur é compreensível a partir e dentro de sua peculiar metodologia que ele denomina de dialética entre a ética teleológica e a moral deontológica. Esta dialética se fundamenta na tríade do desejo, do dever e da sabedoria prática em recíproca atividade, privilegiando a dimensão teleológica do desejo da vida boa com o outro e para o outro em instituições justas. A ética argumentativa tem a função de dar conteúdo as duas dialéticas pela inclusão do outro no si mesmo sem o qual a reflexão sobre a ipseidade perderia o sentido. A sabedoria prática da ética e do julgamento moral em situação inclui a discussão porque o conflito é insuperável e determina o argumento para o consenso eventual. Nossa tese é a afirmação da capacidade do si mesmo atuar ações construtivas. Além da critica à ideologia e à utopia, Ricoeur fundamenta a dialética entre o princípio-esperança e o princípio de responsabilidade mediante a via utópica do futuro e a via realista da preocupação com o presente diante dos casos inéditos em que a vida e o ecossistema se associam. A imputação pessoal e coletiva desde o passado, no presente para o futuro é devida à responsabilidade. A ipseidade constrói o futuro no presente através de decisões éticas.The ipseity in ethics argumentative of Paul Ricoeur is the basic reference of the hermeneutic of the selfhood that he always returns. She settles the constant reflexive mediation in the opposition supposed immediate position of the subject. The sameness of the selfhood has like counterpoint the other. In the comparison, it is a synonym of identity-ditto an opposition ipseity-ipse that it includes the others. This inclusion questions the capacity of the self to be ethical and, ergo responsible juridical and morals in the various junction of the other. The ethical project of Ricoeur is comprehensible from and inside his peculiar methodology that he nominates dialectics between the teleological ethics and the deontological moral. This dialectics settles the triad of desire, obligation and practical wisdom in reciprocal activity, privileging the teleological dimension of the desire goods life with the other and for other in fair institutions. The ethics argumentative has the function to give contents the two triads, through the inclusion of the other in selfhood without the reflection about ipseity would lose sense. The practical wisdom of the ethical and moral judgement in situation includes discussion because the conflict is insuperable and it determines the best argument for the eventual consensus. Our thesis is the affirmation capacitys of selfhood to actuate constructive actions. By critique on ideology and utopia Ricoeur bases the dialectics between the principlehope and the principle of responsibility through utopian way of future and realistic way of preoccupation with the present in front of the hard cases that life and the ecosystem are associated. The personal and collective ascription on the past, in the present towards the future is due to the moral responsibility. The selfhood constructs the future in the present by your ethics decisions. It deals about ethical capacity of selfhood.
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Xavier, Maria Isabel Merino de Freitas. „As possibilidades de reconstrução hermenêutica dos conceitos de argumentação, retórica e tópica“. Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2364.
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Este trabalho pretende discutir a Teoria Argumentativa de Chaïm Perelman e a Tópica de Theodor Viehweg a partir de uma perspectiva hermenêutica. Com base em Martin Heidegger e Hans-Georg Gadamer e no papel preponderante da linguagem tanto para a argumentação quanto para a hermenêutica, defende-se a idéia de que os conceitos de argumentação, de retórica e de tópica podem tornar-se fundamentais para a superação da metodologia lógico-dedutivista que se consolidou no paradigma racionalista e positivista da Modernidade. A proposição básica do trabalho será reconstruir os conceitos de Perelman e de Viehweg, redimensionando-os à luz da hermenêutica filosófica. Nessa perspectiva, busca-se ressaltar que os contornos taxionômicos e classificatórios da Teoria Argumentativa e da Tópica não devem ser desprezados, mas inseridos num standard de racionalidade de cunho instrumental. Em contrapartida, pretende-se evidenciar a possibilidade de reconstrução dos conceitos de argumentação, de retórica e de tópica para além da en
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Wels, Volkhard. „Melanchthons Lehrbücher der Dialektik und Rhetorik als komplementäre Teile einer Argumentationstheorie“. Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6912/.
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Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass Melanchthons Änderungen an den traditionellen Lehrinhalten der Dialektik (Logik) und der Rhetorik in erster Linie nicht inhaltlich, sondern durch die argumentationstheoretische Neuausrichtung der beiden Disziplinen motiviert ist.
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Hommerberg, Charlotte. „Persuasiveness in the discourse of wine : The rhetoric of Robert Parker“. Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-15761.
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The primary purpose of this study is to explore a case of remarkably powerful contemporary rhetoric, namely Robert Parker’s wine writing, which has had an unprecedented impact in the world of prestigious wine for more than two decades. Parker, an American autodidact who gave up his career in law to become a fulltime wine critic, is considered the most influential critic of all time. This background motivates the approach of the current enquiry, which targets the persuasiveness in Parker’s writing. The investigation strives to bring to the fore both explicit and implicit elements of his wine reviews that have the potential to contribute to rhetorical success. The material selected for analysis comprises a corpus of reviews extracted from Parker’s extensive bulk of wine writing. The texts are studied against the backdrop of socio-cultural and institutional frames. Considerable importance is assigned to the fact that the reviews occur within a strictly specialized field of discourse with a highly conventionalized configuration. This hermeneutic enquiry approaches the topic from three analytical perspectives, designed to highlight persuasiveness in representations, argumentation and appraisal. The presentation reports on schematic patterns in Parker’s discourse as well as close interpretation of individual texts. The analysis of representations shows that both visual and verbal representations contribute to the persuasiveness of the text. The argumentative exploration of Parker’s discourse, which is assisted by the analytical tools of pragma-dialectics, demonstrates that the reviews involve rational argumentation on several subordinate levels, given in support of assessments and recommendations. Finally, the perspective of appraisal draws on the analytical resources provided by the Appraisal model to shed light on the way in which the audience is positioned to respond with respect to emotional, associative and perceptual values. The results indicate that the persuasiveness of Parker’s discourse arises as a result of concordance among an intricate array of interrelated factors. The audience is recurrently demonstrated to play a crucial role as co-constructors of the message. The present study also has methodological outcomes, presenting a novel combination of analytical methods to perform contextually situated discourse analysis. In addition, the material is allowed to challenge the theoretical ideas and notions that are addressed.
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Bermejo, Luque Lilian. „Bases filosóficas para una teoría normativa integral de la argumentación. Hacia un enfoque unificado de sus dimensiones lógica, dialéctica y retórica“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10834.
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Tras el análisis de las principales teorías de la argumentación contemporáneas, se desarrollan concepciones alternativas de las dimensiones lógica, dialéctica y retórica de la argumentación de cara a la elaboración de una teoría normativa capaz de integrarlas.After the analysis of the main current theories of argumentation, I develop alternative conceptions of the logical, dialectical and rhetorical dimensions of argumentation towards the elaboration of a normative theory of argumentation able to integrate them.
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Wikström, Patrik. „Den argumenterande Olof Palme : en argumentationsanalys av strukturer och strukturbrott i Olof Palmes inlägg i valdebatten mot Thorbjörn Fälldin i Scandinavium, Göteborg, 1976“. Licentiate thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1528.
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Abstract
The topic of the present dissertation is argumentation in the late statesman Olof Palme (1927-1986). One may reasonably think that the fascination for Palme is mainly due to his way of expressing his policy, and therefore also to his argumentation strategy. The theoretical background consists of Lloyd F. Bitzers’s theory on the rhetorical situation, Stephen E. Toulmin’s theory on the description of argumentation structures and on the notion of fallacy, as it appears in pragma-dialectics and informal logic. The rhetorical situation is used to identify vital presuppositions and conditions surrounding the analysed argumentation.Toulmin’s theoretical model is used to analyse structures in the argumentation, and the notion of fallacy is used to discover infringements upon these structures. The object of this analysis is the decisive electoral debates of autumn 1976 between Olof Palme and Thorbjörn Fälldin, held in Scandinavium, Gothenburg, Sweden. Palme had to think of a number of surrounding conditions, such as that the debate was decisive, the composition of the audience. Palme and Fälldin otherwise appeared to be rather equally equipped for the debate. Palme’s task was primarily to gain the number of votes needed to continue to keep social democracy in power. There seem to exist several levels making up his argumentation, grouped under attack and defence. Defence is in most cases based upon a strong connection with the social democrat tradition. The attack is more complicated, linked to Palme’s overall argumentative intention: to depict the non-socialists as a bad governing alternative, and the social democrats as a better one. Fallacies are regarded as instances of breaking the frame of rules that govern a critical discussion. Palme has several fallacy-like features in his argumentation. Among those, most common, are that he attacks the person Thorbjörn Fälldin, instead of the policy or party that he represents. Palme also starts from presupposed premises and tries to link the economic policy of the alliance to an intellectually-thought delimiting between liberal and conservative capitalism and social-democrat solidarity. He strives to portray the liberals and conservatives as money-orientated, whereas social democracy is depicted as people-orientated.Palme goes arguably too far at several moments during the debate,which possibly hurts his own argumentation.
Keywords: Olof Palme, argumentation, argumentation analysis, rhetoric, rhetorical situation, Toulmin´s argumentative model, fallacy, informal logic, pragma-dialectic, critical discussion, debate, Thorbjörn Fälldin, social democracy, election
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Puy, Muñoz Francisco, und Parga Milagros Otero. „Theory of Law understood as Prudential Theory of Law“. Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117782.
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During centuries, law has been studied and understood under a human view. This way of understanding law used the argumentation, the topic, the rhetoric and the dialectics as working methods. The result was a plural and continuously in movement humanistic law. The situation changes in 19 century with the beginning of the iuspositivism movements with a focus in the study of law as legal frame. The result is a rigid, non-flexible and poorly adapted to judicial experience law. We understand that this situation must change and is urgent to combine science and prudence in order to be able to provide a Theory of law, that can be understood as a Prudential Theory of Law. This according to our understanding will enable the recuperation of a more flexible, plural and humanistic and above anything a fairer judicial experience.Durante siglos se ha estudiado y entendido el Derecho en clave humana. Esa forma de entenderlo usaba de la argumentación, de la tópica, de la retórica, y de la dialéctica como métodos de trabajo. El resultado era un Derecho humanista, plural y en permanente movimiento. Esta situación cambió en el siglo XIX con el inicio de las corrientes iuspositivistas, que enfocan el estudio del Derecho como ordenamiento jurídico. El resultado es un Derecho rígido, poco flexible, y poco adaptado a la experiencia jurídica. Entendemos que esta situación debe variar, y que urge combinar ciencia y prudencia para ofrecer una Teoría del Derecho que pueda ser entendida como Teoría Prudencial del Derecho. Creemos que de ese modo se retomará una visión de la experiencia jurídica más flexible, más plural, más práctica, más humanista y sobre todo más justa.
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Michaelsdotter, Elin. „Den respektabla feministen : En analys av debatten kring Skam-fenomenet Noora“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323731.
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Uppsatsen undersöker feministisk argumentation i två artiklar publicerade av Expressen. Syftet har varit att ta reda på hur diskussionen om ett slags normerande feministisk kvinnlighet tar form. Analysen är uppdelad i två delar: i den första används Lloyd Bitzers teori om den retoriska situationen samt en pragmadialektisk teori och metod. Den information som utvinns i analysens första del kontextualiseras sedan med hjälp av olika genusvetenskapliga ingångar. I den första delen skisseras argumentationens utgångspunkter och sedan dess argumentationsstruktur. I analysens andra del knyts den ena artikelförfattarens argumentation till en radikalfeministisk tradition, och den andra till en mer postmodern feministisk hållning. Argumentationsstrukturen var till stor nytta för att identifiera hur den första artikelförfattaren räknar upp flera egenskaper som ett kvinnligt subjekt inte kan inneha om hon ska erhålla rätten att kalla sig för feminist. Uppsatsen diskuterar sedan feministers möjligheter att skava, göra fel, och på så sätt tänja gränserna för vad som anses vara respektabelt. Också möjligheter för en bredare feminism som kan inkludera fler och en eventuell dekonstruktion av begreppet feminism är ämnen som uppsatsen argumenterar för. Slutligen resoneras kring de faktorer som samverkar för att skapa normer som både inkluderar och exkluderar kvinnliga subjekt.
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Straß, Hannes, und Johannes Peter Wallner. „Analyzing the Computational Complexity of Abstract Dialectical Frameworks via Approximation Fixpoint Theory“. 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12226.
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Abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs) have recently been proposed as a versatile generalization of Dung''s abstract argumentation frameworks (AFs). In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the computational complexity of ADFs. Our results show that while ADFs are one level up in the polynomial hierarchy compared to AFs, there is a useful subclass of ADFs which is as complex as AFs while arguably offering more modeling capacities. As a technical vehicle, we employ the approximation fixpoint theory of Denecker, Marek and Truszczyński, thus showing that it is also a useful tool for complexity analysis of operator-based semantics.
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Battistelli, Todd Joseph. „Appeals to reason : negotiating rhetorical responsibility and dialectical constraints in church-state separation discourse“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/24942.
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This dissertation explores how argumentation theory can supplement models of responsible persuasion in rhetoric and writing studies. In particular, it demonstrates how reasoning as envisioned in the pragma-dialectical approach of argumentation can provide an alternative to exclusionary, unethical operations of reason. Despite longstanding work with models of argument from Aristotle to Stephen Toulmin, rhetoric and writing has paid little attention to the potential uses of dialectical argumentation theory. Such theory deserves greater consideration given its ability to meet the ethical demands voiced by rhetorical critiques of traditional ways of arguing. Critiques of reason demonstrate how the abstractions necessary for logical certainty exist in tension with the inherent ambiguity of human arguments. In attempting to strip away that ambiguity, some discussants unfairly exclude relevant details from others and may exclude entire populations who should be included in a fair deliberation. Goals of understanding and inclusion unite the variety of calls for new ways of arguing made in rhetoric and writing under titles of Rogerian, non-agonistic, listening, and invitational rhetorics. Nevertheless, as Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca describe, even as our arguments involve irresolvable ambiguities, they must also function as stable and coherent viewpoints such that our interlocutors can hold us accountable to agreement or disagreement. In this way, we responsibly argue questions of ethics, politics and law. Though no final resolution of ambiguity is possible in such questions, we can reason together for a better understanding of each other's positions and craft pragmatic policies to deal with our disagreements. In order to explore the disciplinary questions about the relationship between rhetoric and argumentation, the dissertation examines a series of case studies drawn from judicial disputes over church-state separation in the United States. In examining problematic rhetoric of these disputes, the dissertation builds an understanding of responsible reason informed by dialectical argumentation and demonstrates its utility for both critical and pedagogical applications.text
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Vesper, Anton. „How to bridge the gap between theory and practice in argumentation research: Acting like the pragma-dialectical critical designer of acceptance“. 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33862.
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Diese sprachanalytische Untersuchung befasst sich zum Zweck der Schärfung des argumentationsbezogenen Selbstverständnisses von Mediatoren mit ihren strategischen Handlungen gemäß einer modular strukturierten pragma-dialektischen philosophischen, theoretischen, analytischen, empirischen und praktischen Argumentationsforschung (fünf Komponenten).
Durch die Ausarbeitung der internen Struktur der fünf Komponenten im Rahmen der Einführung einer Beschreibungssprache aus Relationsbegriffen wird die Dualität zwischen Theorie und Praxis der Argumentation, d. h. die „methodische Lücke“ zwischen Idealsprache und Aktualsprache, neuartig überbrückt. Es entsteht zugleich eine komplexe Übersicht über den Forschungsstand der Pragma-Dialektik. Dabei wird das analytische Potenzial des Idealmodells critical discussion kritisch bewertet, entsprechende Mängel werden in Bezug auf die Theorie-Praxis-Beziehung beseitigt.
Wegen der praktischen Ausrichtung der Argumentationsforschung wird dann, erstens, über eine Integration von critical discussion mit Mediations-Regeln der Vereinten Nationen ein ontologischer Rahmen für strategische Gesprächsanalysen in Mediationssitzungen entwickelt. Zweitens wird eine Unterscheidung strategischer Handlungen im Rahmen der fünf Komponenten genutzt, um zu einer Lokalisierung der Komplexität der paradoxen Rolle von Mediatoren zu führen. Die zentralen Anforderungen an ihre argumentative Kompetenz sowie antizipierbare Strategien von Mediatoren als „analytisch-intuitive Praktiker“ werden ersichtlich, nämlich in ihrem Umgang mit der Theorie-Praxis-Lücke als „pragma-dialektische kritische Designer von Akzeptanz“. Wie, drittens, auf Grundlage dieser argumentativen Kompetenz durch die Nutzung der modular strukturierten Ergebnisse ein Flow von Kommunikation in der Praxis von Mediationssitzungen gesichert und damit zweckorientiert eine Optimierung der argumentativen Realität in Konfliktmanagements erreicht werden kann, wird in einer zweifach reflexiven Fallstudie vorgeführt.
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McKenna, William F. active 21st century. „Characterizing argumentation structure within the asynchronous, online communication of novice engineering design students“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28485.
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Practicing argumentation in secondary school classrooms benefits students both in terms of learning how to argue and learning the course material at hand. Amidst the onset and growth of engineering design courses in secondary schools, this dissertation is an exploratory case study to characterize the use of argumentation among novice student engineering designers. The setting is a high school robotics class. Specifically, a group of students from one class section teamed up with a group of students from a separate class section to design and build a single robot. The team members communicated online via a shared, editable document. That text is the primary data set for my analysis. I looked for indications of argumentation structure that emerged from the online discussion, given that, to my knowledge, the students had not been taught argumentation strategies, per se. Engineering design is relatively new to secondary school, so I thought it appropriate to develop a baseline—a case study that reveals how students communicate about their designs when left largely to their own devices. This study may inform the development argumentation scaffolds that support the students’ existing strengths while ameliorating their weaknesses. My analytical supposition was that argumentation in design will take the form of resolving differences of opinion toward the creation of a single design. Hence, I used Pragma-dialectic theory as my analytical framework. It is a broad theory, based upon resolving differences of opinion in everyday conversation. As such, Pragma-dialectic theory may also be able to encompass the idiosyncrasies of team design, such as reliance on intuition and experience, as well as the important roles that designed objects play throughout the process. Taken together, the importance of intuition, experience, and objects suggests multiple modes of communication that ought to be considered arguments within design deliberations. Results suggest that the students worked to resolve differences of design opinions. In doing so, the students relied heavily on their designed objects to make their arguments meaningful. I classified five object-based claims which emerged from the students’ discussions: keystone, tinkering, visual, tactile, and counterfactual. These form the beginnings of a theory of object-based argumentation.text
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Kulcinski, Arcadi. „Técnicas de Persuasão“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14785.
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A presente investigação tem como objetivo principal identificar e explicar as
diversas técnicas de comunicação que poderão ser utilizadas na persuasão e na
manipulação de pensamento, opiniões e disposição para a ação (diathesis) de um
auditório. A partir da exploração da arte de retórica, aplicada à comunicação
interpessoal, assim como aos outros meios de comunicação, sobretudo o audiovisual,
e também na exploração de comunicação não-verbal, pretende-se demostrar e
explicar os diversos métodos e procedimentos de persuasão e de manipulação. Estas
serão divididas em três grupos, cada um referente aos modos de persuasão de
Aristóteles, isto é o ethos, pathos e logos, também designados pelo autor como
“provas técnicas” na sua Techné Rhetoriké, obra inaugural sobre o estudo reflexivo do
que ele designa por “meios persuasivos implicados em cada caso”.
Uma especial atenção é focada nas três técnicas de criação da empatia,
procedimentos essenciais para dispor o auditório perante o orador e para a criação de
culto à personalidade. A interpretação e o desenvolvimento da linguagem corporal é,
sem dúvida uma base importante para toda a comunicação persuasiva e, por isso
mesmo, a maior parte dos procedimentos puramente retóricos serão interlaçados com
a comunicação não-verbal que, segundo algumas estimativas, representa 95% de toda
a comunicação. Não será ousado dizer que a comunicação não-verbal esta já, presente
na interacção entre os animais de uma mesma espécie, designadamente nos rituais de
acasalamento. Por isso, ser-nos-ia impossível ignorar o seu contributo numa
investigação sobre a persuasão e a manipulação no quadro da comunicação
interpessoal.
Como corolário da investigação a desenvolver na presente Dissertação,
procederemos a uma análise empírica das técnicas de persuasão e de manipulação
utilizadas num filme de propaganda de 1934 sobre a Alemanha Nazi da terceira década
do século XX, realizado por Leni Riefenstahl e chamado “O triunfo da vontade”. Propomos, no limite, demonstrar a eficácia performativa da retórica quando, como
acontece no caso estudado, é levada ao limite na sua capacidade de manipulação e
controlo da mente humana. Só que, no caso empírico estudado, não estamos já a falar,
com rigor, da arte retórica tal como foi fundada por Aristóteles e reabilitada por Chaïm
Perelman, mas sim de refinados artifícios retóricos ao serviço da manipulação e
controlo do pensamento. Com esta investigação pretendo demostrar a importância da
comunicação estratégica e tecnicamente estruturada assente nos modos de persuasão
retórica, com a finalidade desta ser eficaz
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Remešová, Lucie. „Argumentace v medializaci vybraných debat pořadů Otázky Václava Moravce a Máte slovo s M. Jílkovou a eristická dialektika“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265144.
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This diploma thesis deals with the argumentation of guests of selected debates of the talk shows Otázky Václava Moravce and Máte slovo s M. Jílkovou publicizing. The format of these talk shows assigns these debates the confrontational nature, which leads their participants excluding the presenters to the argumentation duels. The subject of the research is a detailed analysis of the argumentation used by guests of the selected debates of the respective talk shows, including finding an answer to the question of what role the presenters play in it. The analysis put a particular emphasis on eristic dialectics, the concept created by Arthur Schopenhauer, which is understood to be a science of human intransigence. The concepts of Rhetological Fallacies of Jiří Kraus or David McCandless are taken into consideration in the second place as well. Linguistic and suprasegmental means as well as nonverbal level of the communication are being examined too. The aim of this analysis is, on the one hand, to describe the axiology and the associated efficiency of argumentation of the main guests at selected debates of Otázky Václava Moravce and Máte slovo s M. Jílkovou and on the other hand, to verify the usability of eristic dialectics to deconstruct myths, manipulations and distortions of facts in these debates....