Dissertationen zum Thema „Développement de la souris“
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Bach, Antoine. „Rôle des gènes Msx au cours du développement du système nerveux central“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112237.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMsx genes are highly conserved homeobox genes which are expressed prominently at sites of induction during development. In vertebrates, they are expressed at the dorsal midline of the neural tube. Using Msx1 and Msx2 mutant mice, we investigated their functions at this site. Msx1nlacZ mutant mice display a hydrocephalus which is characterised by the enlargement of the third and lateral ventricules. Histological analysis shows that the sub-commissural organ (SCO), a neurosecretory organ that derives from the dorsal part of prosomere 1, is abnormal in the mutant. Furthermore BMP6, Wnt3a, Wnt1, and Msx1nlacz expression profile is interrupted in the dorsal midline of prosomere1. Therefore, morphological and gene expression data indicate that a functional midline is not maintained along the whole prosomere 1 in these mutant mice. This results in the downregulation of genes expressed laterally to the midline in prosomere 1, confirming the importance of the midline as a signaling centre. Wnt1 is essential for dorso-ventral patterning. In the Msx1 mutant, Wnt1 is downregulated before the midline disappears, suggesting that its expression depends on Msx1. Electroporation in the chick embryo further demonstrates that Msx1 can induce Wnt1 expression in the diencephalon neuroepithelium and in the lateral ectoderm. In double Msx1/Msx2 mutants, Wnt1 expression is completely abolished at the dorsal midline of the diencephalon and rostral mesencephalon. This indicates that Msx genes regulate Wnt1 expression at the dorsal midline of the neural tube. Based on these results, we propose a model in which Msx genes are intermediary between BMP and WNT at this site
Salomon, Laurent Julien. „IRM fonctionnelle placentaire : développement d'un modèle murin“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleINTRODUCTION : This study was undertaken to develop a new model for placental perfosion and permeability assessment by using MRI with contrast agents in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Balb/c pregnant mice at 16 days of gestation were studied. 2D Fast SPGR sequential MRI was used to analyze placental perfusion following contrast agent injection. Some mice were randomly selected to receive noradrenalin injection prior to perfusion measurement. A complete model for both perfusion and permeability assessment was then developed, based on a single-slice dual echo 2D FSPGR sequence. An original three-compartmental model was developed and used to calculate quantitative microcirculation parameters. RESULTS : 133 mice were studued. Mean placental perfusion was 1,3 ml/min/g (+/- 0. 6) with the simple perfusion model. There was a significant decrease in placental perfusion following noradrenalin injection. Using the complete model, placental perfusion was 1,80 ml/min/g (+/-0. 9) and permeability ( PSr ) was measured as well. CONCLUSION: This approach gives a non invasive access to placental microvascular parameters including the perfusion and the permeability. It shows promises to study mouse model of placental diseases. If this approach is feasible and safe in humans, it may have potential for investigating the origin and course of IUGR, and for the management of compromised pregnancies
Dubois, Marilyn, und Marilyn Dubois. „Stimulation cérébrale profonde : développement d'un prototype pour étude chez le petit animal“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30960.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) est une procédure chirurgicale utilisée dans le traitement de divers contextes pathologiques. Ce système, composé d’électrodes implantées dans une région cible du cerveau et d’un neurostimulateur reliés par un fil, permet de délivrer un courant électrique dans une région voulue du cerveau. À ce jour, les mécanismes d’action de la SCP et les effets cellulaires qu’elle engendre demeurent mal connus. Cette problématique découle du fait qu’il existe peu de prototypes de micro-stimulation dans le domaine de la recherche, sans compter que ceux-ci ne répondent pas bien aux critères de cette recherche. Mes travaux de maîtrise visaient donc à développer un système de microstimulation pouvant être utilisé chez la souris et de développer et valider toutes les techniques nécessaires à l’implantation de ce système chez la souris. Au terme de ces travaux, nous avons développé un système de micro-stimulation : 1) utilisable chez la souris 2) pour des protocoles de stimulation chronique de longue durée (jusqu’à 1 mois), 3) possédant des paramètres électriques, semblables à ceux utilisés chez l’humain en clinique, 4) pouvant être ajustés à différents contextes pathologiques. Nous avons aussi développé toutes les techniques nécessaires à son implantation chez la souris. Cet outil novateur permettra d’approfondir notre connaissance des mécanismes d’action et des mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents aux effets de la SCP et pourra mener, à long terme, à l’identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies. This system, composed of electrodes implanted in a target area in the brain and of a neurostimulator connected by a wire, allows the delivery of an electrical current in a specific area in the brain. To this day, mechanisms of action and cellular effects resulting from DBS remain poorly understood because of a lack of micro-stimulation tools available in the domain and by the fact that these tools do not properly address requirements of this research. To address this challenge, the objectives of my master’s research were to develop a micro-stimulation system usable in mice and to develop and validate required techniques to make this system work in small-sized rodents. Through this study, we have developed a micro-stimulation system that is : 1) usable in mice, 2) able to sustain a long term chronic stimulation (up to 1 month), 3) similar to those used in human in terms of electrical parameters and 4) offering the possibility of adjusting those parameters to various pathological contexts. We also developed the required techniques for its use in mice. This novel tool will allow to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms underlying DBS effects and possibly lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies. This system, composed of electrodes implanted in a target area in the brain and of a neurostimulator connected by a wire, allows the delivery of an electrical current in a specific area in the brain. To this day, mechanisms of action and cellular effects resulting from DBS remain poorly understood because of a lack of micro-stimulation tools available in the domain and by the fact that these tools do not properly address requirements of this research. To address this challenge, the objectives of my master’s research were to develop a micro-stimulation system usable in mice and to develop and validate required techniques to make this system work in small-sized rodents. Through this study, we have developed a micro-stimulation system that is : 1) usable in mice, 2) able to sustain a long term chronic stimulation (up to 1 month), 3) similar to those used in human in terms of electrical parameters and 4) offering the possibility of adjusting those parameters to various pathological contexts. We also developed the required techniques for its use in mice. This novel tool will allow to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms underlying DBS effects and possibly lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Malerba, Monica. „Développement postnatal du cervelet : Le rôle des oligodendrocytes“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTiar, Feriel. „Développement d'un nouveau modèle orthotopique de glioblastome humain chez la souris“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlioblastoma is the most common and aggressive subtype of brain tumors. Despite a better understanding of the disease and also the emergence of new therapeutic targets and strategies, the prognosis of patients remains unchanged. The failure to extrapolate preclinical results to the clinics highlights the complex nature of the disease and the importance of appropriate and predictive animal models for the study of new therapies. A pertinent animal model should be able to reproduce the characteristic of the human pathology in terms of disease development pattern, histological and transcriptomic specification, drug failure as well as diagnostic features. In this work, we developed a novel orthotopic mouse model derived from human glioblastoma spheres. Like in clinics, conventional MRI techniques and radiographic criteria were used to characterize tumor growth and treatment response to temozolomide. MRI findings have been completed and/or confirmed by histological examination and transcriptomic studies. Like clinically encountered tumors, this new orthotopic tumor model presents an infiltrating growth pattern, resistance to temozolomide and a molecular signature associated with histological features. In addition, this tumor model is characterized by a dynamic signaling pathway, which promotes cell invasion and migration as well as resistance to apoptosis and consequently to treatment. Thus, this preclinical model mimics clinical features of human glioblastoma and has a median host survival time of 82 days, which would be relevant in the assessment of preclinical therapies
Storck, Sébastien. „Rôle de Deltex-1 dans le développement lymphocytaire de la Souris“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066591.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDupont, Salomé. „Développement d’un modèle préclinique de leucémogénèse expérimentale chez la souris humanisée“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP057/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExisting animal models for the study of human leukemia are not accurate for the proper development of innovative, targeted therapies. The aim of this project, which contains both a fundamental and an industrial perspective, therefore was to develop a new, versatile model of human leukemogenesis in the BRGS (BALB/c Rag2-/- IL-2Rγc-/- SIRPα.NOD) humanized mouse. Animals are grafted with hematopoietic progenitors transduced with lentivirals vectors to allow overexpression of MYC and BCL2 proteins under the control of an ubiquitous promotor (EF1α or SFFV). Longitudinal monitoring of the animals over five months shows that only the SFFV/Myc-T2A-Bcl2 construction induces the transformation of humans hematopoietics progenitors. Between 12 and 14 weeks post-transplantation, more than 90% of the animals develop pro-B lympho-proliferations (CD19+CD10+CD9+CD20-cytIgM-), with tumor cells being mainly found in the spleen, the bone marrow and in blood. Tumor transferability is achievable through secondary transplantation in immunodeficient mouse recipients. In vitro culture of bone marrow T cell progenitors suggest that the blasts arise from these cells after reactivation of a latent B cell program with blockade of their T cell development. In parallel, we have also developed an autologous tumor model. Altogether, these results validate the human leukemogenesis model constructed here in humanized BRGS mice and provide attractive prospects regarding the functional characterization of leukemogenesis and a preclinical validation of new anti-tumor strategies
Maréchal, Pierre. „Deux filaires du genre Litomosoïdes chez la souris blanche : régulation du développement“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Houillier Jean-François. „Étude des connexions intermodales chez la souris anophtalmique ZRDCT/An en développement“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1391/1/030000111.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMassiera, Florence. „Rôle de l'angiotensinogène adipocytaire dans le développement du tissu adipeux et de l'hypertension“. Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5655.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdipose is an important extra-hepatic site of production of angiotensinogen, the precursor of angiotensin II which acts as a paracrine effector in this tissue. Several in-vitro approaches have shown a role of ang II on adipocyte differentiation and maturation. Moreover, epidemiologic studies have shown a correlation between plasmatic angiotensinogen, blood pressure and body mass index. During my Ph. D. I used to investigate the local role of adipocyte angiotensinogen in-vivo. For this purpose, I developed a characterization of adipose tissue of angiotensinogen deficient mice. These mice exhibit alteration in adipose tissue development, an impairment of diet induced weight gain and an increase in locomotor activity. I have also generated transgenic mice which either over-express adipose angiotensinogen, or in which angiotensinogen expression is restricted to adipose tissue. In both genotypes, targeted expression of angiotensinogen in adipose tissue increases fat mass and blood pressure. Altogether our results show that adipocyte angiotensinogen plays both a local role in adipose tissue development and an endocrine role in the regulation of blood pressure, supporting a role of adipose angiotensinogen in hypertensive obese patients
Posso, Cécilie. „Développement des cellules lymphoïdes innées RORγt⁺“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRORyt is a transcription factor expressed by several populations of innate lymphoid cells (ILC), like lymphoid tissue inducer cells and NKR+RORyt+ cells that co-express RORyt and the NK cell receptor, NKp46. Here, we propose a model for RORyt+ ILC differentiation from the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). Based on clonal assays of fetal liver CLP, we hâve shown that B, T, NK and RORyt+ cells are originating from a common progenitor. CLP lose B and T potential as they express a4b7 and CXCR6 respectively. The acquisition of RORyt occurs in the fetal liver. RORyt+precursors are observed in the blood and in the anlagen of peripheral organs. We have identified two distinct RORyt+ precursors that differentiate into RORyt+CCR6+ and NKR+RORyf cells. These precursors develop independently in the fetal liver. They are also observed in the spleen and the anlagen of mesenteric lymph nodes. We have also established the potential of these precursors in vivo by transfer into immunodeficient mice. The analysis of fate-mapping mice has shown that RORyt+-derived NK cells develop and are maintained in the peripheral organs of young adult mice. In adult mice, the bone marrow does not contain RORyt+ and in vitro cultures of bone marrow progenitors do not give rise to RORyt+ cells. Transfer experiments allowed us to identify the CLP as the progenitor of adult RORyt+ ILC. Populations that display a CLP phénotype are observed in the spleen and the lamina propria of adult mice. These peripheral CLP differentiate into RORyt+cells in vitro, indicating that the adult progenitor of RORyt+ ILC has to migrate to the periphery to receive the signal required for its differentiation
Croteau, Sylvie. „Empreinte genomique dans l'embryon préimplantatoire de souris : étude de la méthylation de l'ADN et recherche de nouveaux gènes soumis à l'empreinte“. Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0075.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle[A simple and rapid method was used ta activate mouse ovocytes with calcium ionophore. So, we could have an experimental tool to study genomic imprinting by comparing two different sets of embryos: parthenogenetic embryo, that has only a maternal genome and caryogamic embryos, that has bath a maternal and a paternal genome. Dosages of S-Adenosyl methionine (methylase cofactor), S-Adenosyl-Homocysteine (transmethylation product), DNA methyltransferase activity and methylation level of genomic DNA gave similar results for parthenogenetic (maternal genome only) and caryogamie (maternai and paternal genomes) preimplantation embryos. This demonstrates that parthenogenotes are able to regulate DNA methylation and that there is no lack upstream the DNA methyltransferase. Whatever the experimental approach used, preimplantation development is characterised by DNA demethylation, that seems necessary to establish specific methylation patterns of differentiated cell lines. Expression patterns of three growth factor genes (Transforming growth factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-betal et transforming growth factor-beta2) were followed during preimplantation development using fluorescent in situ hybridisation. These patterns were similar in both types of embryos, suggesting that none of these three genes is maternally imprinted. ]
Zekri, Latifa. „Contribution de l'endoribonucléase G3BP dans le remodelage des particules ribonucléoprotéiques, ex vivo et in vivo, au cours du développement chez la souris“. Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20222.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom sites of transcription in the nucleus to of the cytoplasm, messenger RNAs are associated with RNA-binding proteins (RBP). These proteins influence pre-mRNA processing as well as the transport, localization, translation and stability of mRNAs. In our lab, we are interested in an RBP, G3BP, which behaves as an endoribonuclease responsible for mRNA degradation. During my thesis, we have demonstrated that phosphorylation of G3BP regulates its localisation and its function in translation. G3BP is hypo-phosphorylated in cells exposed to arsenite and is recruited to stress granules (SGs). Therefore, G3BP is likely to control the fate of mRNPs after recovery from stress. In order to determine the function(s) of G3BP in vivo, we have employed a gene deletion strategy in mice. All G3BP-/- mice show growth retardation and massive apoptosis of neurons in the central nervous system. Monitoring the global expression pattern, using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays, in isolated wild-type (WT) and G3BP knockout (KO) fibroblasts, we show that the expression of the growth arrest specific genes and imprinted genes was specifically increased in the absence of G3BP. The results demonstrate that G3BP is essential for proper embryonic growth and development by mediating the coordinate expression of multiple imprinted growth-regulatory transcripts
Rangassamy, Marylin. „Emergence et développement des différences comportementales individuelles chez les souris glaneuse, Mus spicilegus“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD080/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis includes five manuscripts. Two are already published, one is currently under review and two others are in preparation for submission.Animals frequently show consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, a phenomenon called animal personality. Animals have been thus described to differ in the expression level of different specific personality traits. However, consistencies in animal personality traits in young animals are especially controversial. One of the main aims of this thesis was therefore to investigate how the early environment experienced shapes the behavioural phenotype and whether the expression of behaviour remains stable over ontogeny. To this end, we used a small rodent of wild origin, the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus, as an animal model. This monogamous mouse occurs in a variety of agricultural and steppe-like habitats in Central and South Eastern Europe, and is characterized by bi-parental care. The main results of this thesis highlight the consistency of personality traits in the mound building mouse from the early postnatal period until around maturity, both in social and non-social contexts. Various personality traits were associated across context, thus forming a behavioural syndrome. Such consistencies across time and context were present when looking at the individual level but also when focusing on the relative differences among siblings within a litter. The early developmental environment proved to be decisive in modulating the emergence personality of the individual, via the presence or absence of the father. Pups growing up in absence of the father showed indications of a higher responsiveness in two different tests compared to pups raised by mothers only. We showed how personality differences are related to physiological parameters. Different personality types coped physiologically different with a chronic stressor, apparent by their hormonal and immunological profiles. Pairs with similar anxiety scores, independently of the scores of both partners of the pair, had a higher probability of breeding, and brought forward the onset of breeding during the observation period, which carries along potential fitness benefits. This dissertation brings thus together some insights into the proximate and ultimate aspects underlying consistent individual differences in behaviour, which is seldom the case in a same model species
Langou, Karine. „Développement de nouveaux modèles expérimentaux de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleALS is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a selective loss of motor neurons. A mutation in VAPB protein has been associated with ALS. VAPB, an endoplamic reticulum (ER) resident protein is proposed to play a role in protein transport and in the unfolded protein response. To manipulate VAPB (hVAPBwt and hVAPBp56s) expression in motor neurons in vitro, I used the viral gene transfer technology. hVAPBp56s induces selective motor neuron death which involved an ER-related pathway dependent on calcium signals. Studies on Cos-7 cells showed that hVAPBwt and hVAPBp56s impair the proteasome activity through the activation of ER stress and the sequestration of the 20S subnit. Moreover, we developed transgenic mice overxpressing hVAPBp56s which do not display any motor disorder
Ribes, Vanessa. „Importance du contrôle enzymatique des niveaux d'acide rétinoïque au cours du développement murin“. Strasbourg 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe initial steps of vertebrate development are tightly controlled by the combined action of extrinsic factors, such as retinoic acid (RA) and the proteins Shh and Fgfs. Their integration at the level progenitors leads to the establishment of a spatial identity and to their differentiation. My PhD work dealt with the relevance of the regulated RA levels by two sets of enzymes, the RA-synthesizing enzyme Raldh2 and the cytochrome oxidoreductase Por, whose function is required for the activity of the RA degrading enzymes, the Cyp26s. Using two mouse mutants for these enzymes, we show that appropriate levels of RA are required for the specification of limb bud cells along the antero-posterior and the proximo-distal axis, for the maintenance of several progenitor domains within the forebrain, as well as for the correct patterning of the epiblast, that will give rise to the neuroectoderm and the mesoderm. Morphogenesis of tissues was also severely affected in our mutants, probably as a consequence of cell cycle and/or cell movement defects. Our data also indicate that RA signalling interferes with Shh and Fgf signalling at different levels depending on the cell type examined. These findings support the idea that the competence to a cell to respond to Shh signalling relies on RA activity
Silva, Nelly Da. „Dépigmentation et dolichomégalie chez une souris : analyses génétiques et phénotypiques“. Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077177.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoggia, Andrea. „Développement embryonnaire du pancréas chez la souris : étude du rôle de HIF-1alpha“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe pancreas is an endoderm-derived organ which is composed by both an exocrine and an endocrine compartment. Within the endocrine tissu, insulin-producing beta-cells are essential for the regulation of glucose homeostasis. The loss of beta-cells can lead to pathologies such as diabetes. Currently, people suffuring from diabetes can be treated but not permanently cured. The development of innovating therapeutical approaches, like cellular therapy or regenerative medecine, relies on the precise knowledge of the mechanisms regulating the ontogenesis of pancreatic beta-cells. Different studies have linked proper embryonic development and low-oxygen tension (pO2). Specifically, when embryonic pancreases are cultured in vitro under a hypoxic condition (pO2=3%), the beta-cells development is impaired compared to a normoxic condition (pO2=21%). Different pathways are involved in the cell adaptation to hypoxia, such as the ubiquitous Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha). The aim of my PhD project was to elucidate the role of HIF-1alpha during pancreatic development in vivo. To do so, we used genetically modified mice allowing the constitutive stabilization of HIF-1alpha in pancreatic epithelial cells. We have shown that HIF-1alpha stabilization leads to a reduction of endocrine differentiation and beta-cells development. Moreover, using a pharmacological approach in vitro consisting in deleting endothelial cells, we rescued the endocrine differentiation in the mutant pancreases. In conclusion, my data demonstrated the negative influence of both HIF-1 and endothelial cells on endocrine differentiation processes
Pomié, Céline. „Développement et mécanismes suppresseurs des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD8+CD28low chez la souris“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImmunological unresponsiveness to self and innocuous non-self antigens is in large part assured by regulatory T lymphocytes. While CD4+ T lymphocytes have recently attracted most attention, several CD8+ regulatory T cell populations are also thought to play an important role in immunoregulation. One of these CD8+ populations is characterized by low-level expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. CD8+CD28low regulatory T cells (Treg), freshly isolated from unmanipulated wildtype mice, prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced by transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T-cells into immunodeficient mice. IL-10 and TGF-ß play a crucial and non-redundant role in prevention of experimentally induced colitis. Importantly, defects in the immunosuppressive activity of CD8+ (but not CD4) cells from colonic biopsies of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease have been described, suggesting a critical role of CD8+ Treg in the prevention of this pathology. The selection of the Treg TCR-repertoire inhibiting intestinal inflammation remains a largely unexplored issue. We have assessed the capacity of CD8+CD28low Treg isolated from AIRE-deficient mice to prevent experimental colitis. This transcription factor allows for expression of tissue-antigens in thymic medullary epithelial as well as lymph node stromal cells and thereby induces tolerance to self-antigens. Whereas they were fully functional in in vitro suppression assays, AIRE-deficient CD8+CD28low failed to prevent experimental colitis. This observation strongly suggests that AIRE shapes the TCR-repertoire CD8+CD28low Treg. We also searched for the cellular target of Treg-derived IL-10 and assessed the potential role of IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) in the prevention of colitis by CD8+CD28low Treg. A better comprehension of the molecular suppressor mechanisms and of the development of CD8+CD28low Treg involved in control of intestinal inflammation should ultimately lead to development of novel and genuinly curative therapies for the treatment of IBD
Péquignot-Coquelle, Marie. „Caractérisation de l'apoptose au cours du développement de la rétine chez la souris“. Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDard, Nicolas. „Analyse fonctionnelle de l'ezrine au cours du développement préimplantatoire de l'embryon de souris“. Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe divergence between the first two lineages of the early mouse embryo (trophectoderm and inner cell mass, ICM) results from asymmetric divisions that take place at the 8-to 16 cell transition. The formation of a pole of microvilli at compaction during the 8-cell stage and its stability during mitosis are crucial for this divergence. Thus, we were interested in ezrin, an actin-binding protein involved in the formation of microvilli. In the mouse embryo, it is present throughout preimplantation development, and it follows exactly the distribution of microvilli : it disappears from cell contacts after compaction and accumulates specifically at the microvillous pole where it remains stable during mitosis. A new form appears at the 8-cell stage, and its amount increases during the following stages. We have isolated ICM from young blastocysts, which undergo a rapid epithelial differentiation de novo when cultured in vitro. .
Caraux, Anouk. „Le grand chemin des cellules natural killer : développement et fonctions chez la souris“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFernagut, Pierre-Olivier. „Analogues expérimentaux de dégénérescence striatonigrique et développement d'un modèle systémique chez la souris“. Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStriatonigral degeneration (SND) is a neurodegenerative disease combining loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatal neurons. We first validated a stride length test in the mouse and studied the consequences of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced lesions and demonstrated a characteristic motor syndrome correlated with the extent of striatal neuronal loss while a dose-dependant motor impairment and neuronal loss in the SNc. We then studied the role of dopamine upon striatal functioning and demonstrated a hypersensitivity to 3-NP in hyperdopaminergic mice, together with spontaneous motor deficits and striatal neuronal loss. Finally, we developped a model of SND using combined MPTP+3-NP intoxication and characterized by a lack of interactions between the two neurotoxins, increased behavioural troubles, motor impairments and striatal injury
Dahlet, Thomas. „Méthylation de l'ADN : fonctions et ciblage au cours du développement chez la souris“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCytosine methylation is an epigenetic modification catalyzed by the family of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). This modification is involved in gene repression when it is addressed to CpG islands in gene promoters. Global DNA methylation reprogramming occurs in mice during the early phases of embryogenesis, which is critical for proper embryo development. However, the contribution of different DNMTs in genome methylation and the mechanisms that target DNA methylation to specific genes during embryonic development are poorly understood. By combining genomic mapping with genetically modified mouse lines, my Thesis work clarified the contribution of the different DNMTs in genome methylation in the embryo: DNMT3A and DNMT3B are strictly involved in de novo methylation, and DNMT1 is strictly involved in the maintenance of DNA methylation during cellular divisions. In addition, the analysis of globally demethylated embryos revealed numerous functions of DNA methylation in maintaining the transcriptomic intergrity of the embryo by repressing germline genes, developmental genes, cryptic promoters as well as a large panel of transposons. In the second part of my Thesis, I studied the role of the E2F6 transcription factor in the targeting of DNA methylation in vivo in mice. My results demonstrate that E2F6 facilitates the acquisition of DNA methylation in the promoters of germline genes and is required to initiate their long-term epigenetic silencing during embryogenesis. Collectively, this work contributes to a better understanding of the functions and targeting mechanisms of DNA methylation during mammalian embryogenesis
Nadeau, Valérie. „Implication de MEK1 et MEK2 dans la morphogenèse du placenta de souris“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25734.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mammalian genome contains two ERK/MAP kinase kinase genes, Mek1 and Mek2, which encode dual-specificity kinases responsible for ERK/MAP kinase activation. In the mouse, the loss of Mek1 function causes embryonic lethality, whereas Mek2 mutants survive with a normal lifespan, suggesting that Mek1 rescues the lack of Mek2 function. The first objective of my thesis was to clarify potential functions of Mek2 during mouse embryogenesis. To do, I have analyzed the loss of Mek2 function in the presence of Mek1 haploinsufficiency. Most Mek1+/-Mek2+/- embryos die during gestation from placenta defects affecting extra-embryonic tissues. Thus, even though Mek1 plays a predominant role, these results enlightened the function of Mek2 in placenta development. The histological characterization of Mek1+/-Mek2+/- placentas revealed a diminution of the vascularization and an aberrant formation of multinucleated trophoblast giant (MTG) cells. Genetic experiments on the SynT-II cellular lineage in vivo demonstrated that MTG cells derive from the aberrant SynT-II differentiation and that their formation results from a cell-autonomous effect. The second objective of my thesis was to determine in which cell types the ERK/MAPK activation is essential for placenta development. Genetic analyses combined with histological studies revealed that MTG formation resulted from the ectopic fusion between both layers of SynT, which normally participate in an independent way in the blood-placental barrier. The blood-placental barrier is constituted of a double layer of SynT and by the cells derived from the allantois, the endothelial cells and their perycites. The deletion of both Mek1 alleles in allantois-derived tissues in a Mek1+/-Mek2+/- placenta environment increases the penetrance and the expressivity of the MTG phenotype. These results demonstrate the role of the ERK/MAPK pathway in defined embryonic and extraembryonic cell populations for correct placenta formation. Using mouse genetics, we also demonstrated that the normal development of syncytiotrophoblasts type I into a thin layer of multinucleated cells depends on the presence of the syncytiotrophoblasts type II. Finally, the combined mutations of Mek1 and Mek2 genes alter the expression of several genes involved in cell fate specification, cell fusion and cell polarity that likely explain the underdeveloped placenta and the MTG phenotype seen in Mek1Mek2 mutants.
El, Mouatassim Saïd. „Transcrits maternels et maturation ovocytaire, chez la femme et chez la souris“. Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe low involvement of glucose metabolism in early preimplantation embryos has suggested the presence of metabolic locks in the glycolysis pathway. In human transcripts encoding for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and hexokinase II (HKII) are expressed at germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (Mil) stages. In the mouse all transcripts (except HKII) are also detected. The toxicity of glucose is more than probably related to problems at the HKII and PFK posttranscriptionallevel or to stoechiometrie inhibition of PFK. An increased level of ROS may also be involved. In this study, gene tic expression of five antioxidant enzymes was studied in human and mouse oocytes: catalase, Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu-ZnSOD), Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). For both species, except for catalase, all transcripts encoding for antioxidant enzymes were expressed at Mil stage. In the mouse, no qualitative differences were detected between GV and Mil oocytes. In human, transcripts corresponding to GPX and Mn-SOD were not detected at GV stage but only at MIL The presence of a maturation-specific polyadenylation of GPX and Mn-SOD transcripts suggest that these enzymes can be considered as markers of cytoplasmic maturation in human. Catalase transcripts are neither detected neither in mouse nor in human oocytes whatever the stage of maturation but at a low level in the mouse blastocyst. This confirms that catalase transcripts are rather detected in embryos after genomic activation. The variations observed in this protection process against ROS explain, in part, the differential developmental capacity and viability of mo use and human preimplantation embryos in vitro. In human, only GPX, Cu-Zn-SOD and catalase are expressed in oviduct. GCS and Mn-SOD transcripts were never detected. At the opposite, mouse oviduct express ail the antioxidant enzymes tested. These results suggest that mammalian embryos can be protected against oxidative stress by endogen and exogenous redundant systems and ought to lead us to reinforce the protection systems in “in vitro” culture conditions for human Assisted Reproductive Technology
Gheusi, Gilles. „Développement et spécificité des comportements chez la souris (mus musculus). Influence de l'environnement parental“. Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA132014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCollin, Ludovic. „Etude du rôle des oligodendrocytes dans le développement postnatal du cervelet“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe glial cells of the central nervous system participate in many different physiological functions in the brain, such as phagocytosis (microglia and astrocytes), axonal guidance (radial glia), myelination (oligodendrocytes, OLs), (). During my thesis, I have studied the implications of the OLs in the postnatal brain development with a particular attention to cerebellar development. For this purpose, I have used a transgenic mouse model, the MBP-TK mice, in which we can specifically ablate dividing OLs by systemic injection of the nucleosid analog FIAU. In the first part of my thesis, I characterized the expression of the MBP-TK transgene in the oligodendrocyte lineage. Moreover, I showed that OLs are absolutely required for the normal cerebellar development and functionality. I also showed that myelination can be completely resumed after OLs ablation during the first postnatal week. Finally, I have shown that motor training is a key factor in the complete recovery of motor skills after a dysmyelinating event. Altogether, these data shed light on new roles for OLs in vivo and show the participation of these cells in previously unknown functions
Monestier, Olivier. „Développement et caractérisation de deux modèles murins présentant un phénotype hypermusclé“. Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/449dba1c-e93c-40ca-9977-2115d7357bf4/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4001.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSkeletal muscle development and growth are tightly regulated processes involving multiple factors which control different cellular programs such as proliferation, differentiation and fusion. Understanding muscle mass regulation represents key issues in public health or agronomy. Thus, the identification of molecular mechanisms participating in muscular hypertrophy has major interest for therapies improvement of muscular atrophy or for applications in meat production. In this context, the work of my thesis concerned the development and characterisation of two mouse lines presenting a hypermuscular phenotype. The analysis of the first model, called surGasp1, showed that the ubiquitous overexpression of the Gasp1 gene leads to a generalized increase of muscular mass due to a hypertrophy of the type I, IIa and IIb fibres without change of the fatty tissue amount. This model provides an excellent tool to study the GASP1 function during the muscular development, in particular its role in relationship with the myostatin, a key factor in muscle growth regulation. I have also undertaken a study of the GASP1 protein during evolution. The substitution rate analysis from the ancestor of Ciona to tetrapods showed that the important domains in the interaction with the myostatin (GDF8) were the most preserved. These data allow me to propose a three dimensional model describing the GASP protein action. The second mouse line, GMA06, resulting from a sensitized mutagenesis screen, presents a hypermuscular phenotype which differs from the one observed in myostatine knockout mice. The identification of the causal mutation in this line will allow to better understand the interactions which could exist between this last one and the myostatin and constitutes an interesting model for functional studies of gene modifiers of the Gdf8-/- phenotype
Cayrou, Christelle. „Rôle du récepteur thyroïdien TRbeta1 dans le développement neuronal“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20983/20983.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGallagher, Anne. „Les effets moteurs, comportementaux et cognitifs d'une exposition prénatale au mercure méthylé, MeHg, chez la souris femelle“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62064.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCourtois, Virginie. „Le gène Otx2 de souris : nouvelles données de structure et de fonction“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0231.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGilbert, Catherine. „Métabolisme des glucocorticoïdes dans le poumon murin en développement : la voie surrénalienne“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26863.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor many years, to reduce the risk of respiratory distress in newborns, antenatal glucocorticoids are administered to the mother about to deliver prematurely to accelerate fetal lung maturation. At birth, surfactant therapy can be used with several assisted ventilation strategies according to the morbidity of the neonate. Postnatal administration of glucocorticoids to the neonate is not recommended as they interfere with organ systems including the lung development process named septation. Previous studies performed in the Dr Tremblay’s laboratory have shown in the whole lung of the mouse: 1) the capability of the fetal lung to express several steroidogenic enzyme genes involved in glucocorticoid synthesis and; 2) the presence of a steroid-metabolizing activity compatible with the regulation of the substrate levels. The major enzymes involved in these processes are the 21-hydroxylase and the 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which are respectively encoded by Cyp21a1 and Akr1c18. The objective of my study was to find the sites of expression for these two genes. To do so, mouse fetal lungs isolated on gestation days 15.5, 17.5, and 19.5, and on postnatal days 0, 5, and 15 days were used for in situ hybridization with 21-hydroxylase and 20α-HSD mRNAs. My results indicate that before birth, 21-hydroxylase mRNA is found in epithelial distal cells whereas the 20α-HSD gene is primarily expressed in capillaries. Around birth, 21-hydroxylase mRNA are associated with the proximal epithelium and endothelial cells of several veins. From the late saccular stage up to the half of the alveolar period, 21-hydroxylase mRNA is only associated with thin walls and septae. The situation was the same for 20α-HSD mRNA except for the alveolar stage during which no signal was detected. These results indicate that the expression profile of these two genes is compatible with the modulation of 21-hydroxylase substrates by the 20α-HSD.
Sdassi, Nezha. „Etude de l'implication des microARN dans le développement de la glande mammaire de souris“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicroRNA are small non-coding RNA that have been found to play important roles in silencing target genes and that are involved in the regulation of various normal cellular processes. Few studies have described their implication in mammary gland biology, mainly focusing on pathological situations allowing the characterization of microRNA as markers of tumour class in breast cancer. The involvement of microRNA in the regulation of normal mammary gland biology remains to be uncovered. To understand the function of microRNA in the different steps of mammary gland biology we developed three approaches: 1/ Identification of organ- and tissue- (testicles) specific microRNA suggest the existence of specific microRNA in the mammary gland. These microRNA have been investigated by creating a bank of small RNA. Twenty four new microRNA were cloned, of which 6 are specific for the mouse (Sdassi et al. , 2009). The expression profiles of these new microRNA were analysed by qRT-PCR, to allow for better characterization. 2/ Conditional invalidation (system Cre-loxP) of Dicer, one of the key enzymes involved in the microRNA maturation. The inactivation is achieved mainly in the mammary epithelial cells by the use of an MMTV-Cre and WAP-Cre transgenic lines crossed with Dicerfl/fl mice. The heterozygote Dicerfl/+/MMTV-Cre mice present a defect of lactation. Histological observations show a default of mammary gland development detectable from 6 days of gestation onwards. Transcriptomic studies will be conducted to further characterize the affected signaling pathways. The Dicerfl/fl/WAP-Cre KO mice also exhibit a defect of lactation. The histological studies show abnormalities in mammary gland development at 18 days lactation. The genes regulated by microRNA in this model will be characterized by transcriptomic studies. 3/ The characterization of microRNA expression patterns at different physiological stages of the mammary gland development in mice has been described (Silveri et al. , 2006; Sdassi et al. , 2009). The role of one of these microRNA (miR-30b) is currently being analyzed by studying the phenotype of transgenic mice which over express this microRNA in mammary epithelial cells. The females present a defect of lactation associated with a default of this tissue morphology that is observed from the end of gestation onwards. Transcriptomic studies are underway to identify signaling pathways involved in this phenotype as well as the targets of this microRNA in the mammary gland. However, histological analysis did not show any developmental abnormalities associated withdefects of lactation. A remodeling defect of the mammary gland was found in these mice during involution. Transcriptome analysis has identified genes potentially involved in this phenotype. Our results demonstrate for the first time the involvement of microRNA in normal mammary gland biology and have generated animal tools that will help the understanding of microRNA function and targets in this organ
Ortiz-Alvarado, Rafael. „Étude de la participation du neurotransmetteur sérotonine dans le processus de développement et d'innervation des papilles gustatives chez la souris“. Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClavreul, Solène. „Développement du réseau astroglial dans le cortex cérébral murin“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAstrocytes are one of the most numerous cell types in the brain. They consist in ramified glial cells that play essential roles in neural tissue where they form an uninterrupted tridimensional network, while displaying important local heterogeneity in terms of morphology and molecular marker expression. To determine how this network is established during development, multiclonal lineage tracing was performed to analyzed large numbers of astrocyte clones issued from nearby mouse cortical progenitors. Results show that cortical astrocyte clones intermix with their neighbors, display extensive variability in terms of spatial organization, numbers and subtypes of generated cells, and increase in size towards the upper part of the cortex. Furthermore, this organization develops through two stages that comprise a dynamic phase of proliferation accompanied by spatial dispersion, and a maturation phase where morphological complexity and volume increase at the single cell level. Moreover a significant contribution of subependymal postnatal progenitors to the generation of astrocytes, independent of their subtype and location, was uncovered in addition to prenatal delaminating apical progenitors. Thus cortical astrocyte network development appears unstereotyped at the clonal level. This suggests that the construction of this network relies on plastic clonal units issued from non-specified astrocyte progenitors that differentially expand and mature, and whose descendants probably acquire their final characteristics through interactions with their neuronal environment through molecular mechanisms that still need to be defined
Kolodziejczak, Marta. „Serotonin & developmental axonal refinement : microglia contribution ?“ Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSerotonin, besides its functions as a neurotransmitter, actively participates in postnatal establishment and refinement of brain wiring in mammals. Another important role is played by the brain resident macrophages, microglia, in developmentally-regulated neuronal death as well as in synaptic maturation or elimination.During my thesis, I tested the hypothesis of cross-regulations between microglia and serotonin during postnatal brain development in a mouse model. The laboratory data show a major expression of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor by postnatal microglia, suggesting that serotonin could participate in temporal and spatial synchronization of microglial functions. Using an in vivo model of synaptic refinement during early brain development, the maturation of retinal projections to the thalamus, I observed that Htr2B-/- mice present anatomical alterations of the projecting area of retinal axons into the thalamus.Parallelly, I tested the effects of serotonin on microglial cells. A local delivery of serotonin attracted microglial processes on acute brain slices (two-photon microscopy).Moreover, after comparing mRNA expression level in microglial primary cultures, we have found that some activation markers are upregulated in microglia from Htr2B-/-.In the second part of my PhD, by using a number of conditional Htr2B-/- mice, I investigated which cell type(s) could be responsible for the altered segregation of retinal axons in the thalamus of the total Htr2B-/- mice.Overall, my results support the hypothesis that serotonin interacts with microglial cells and that these interactions could participate in brain maturation
Morneau, Mélanie. „Fonction du gène Hoxa5 lors du développement de la glande mammaire chez la souris“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25067/25067.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBissonauth, Vickram. „Rôle essentiel de Mek1 dans le développement des tissus extra embryonnaires de la souris“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23624/23624.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLlirbat, Béatrice. „Mécanismes impliqués dans le développement précoce de la projection rétinocolliculaire chez l'embryon de souris“. Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066554.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSamee, Mohammud Nadeem. „Role de l'homéogène DLX5 dans le développement et le remodelage osseux chez la souris“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDlx5 is an homeodomain transcriptional factor expressed in osteoblasts during skeletal development. Our first aim was to examine developmental defects in long bones of Dlx5-null mice at the end of gestation (18. 5 dpc). Herein, we report that Dlx5 deficiency in vivo affects bone formation and leads to bone architecture defects in mouse embryo. In vitro, the absence of Dlx5 is responsible for a reduction in osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. This study also highlighted an alteration of osteoblast-osteoclast coupling leading to increased bone resorption. As Dlx5-null mice exhibit perinatal lethality, in the second study we examined the role of Dlx5 in 10- and 20- week-old postnatal bone modeling/remodeling of Dlx5 heterozygous mice. We found that Dlx5 is still expressed at high levels in long bones of adult mice and that its expression decreases with time. DXA study of femurs revealed that Dlx5 ⁺/ ⁻ mice exhibit lower bone mineral density than WT littermates. This reduction in heterozygous mice results from a reduced cortical thickness which was, in turn, due to an enhanced endosteal resorption activity. In conclusion, we show that the total or partial invalidation of Dlx5 triggered a bone phenotype resulting from an altered osteoblast/osteoclast coupling inducing an increased resorption activity. Moreover, Dlx5 significantly interferes with long bones remodeling mainly affecting the cortical thickness in adult mice
Kozlov, Vladimir. „Étude du rôle des gènes SoxC au cours du développement du rein de souris“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCongenital Anomalies of Kidneys and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) are a group of birth defects that arise from defects in the developmental program of organ development and are frequently found in human patients. Sox11 is a member of SoxC family of transcription factors, which plays an important role in the development of various organs in vertebrates. Sox11 knockout mice die soon after birth and display a wide variety of CAKUT, including duplex kidneys and nephrogenesis defects. While duplex kidneys are a common renal development anomaly, the molecular mechanism causing Sox11 mutants to develop duplex kidneys remains unclear. In this project, I analyzed the renal phenotype of Sox11 knockout mice and discovered that the duplex kidneys are caused by the expansion of metanephric mesenchyme (MM). Further experiments were performed to determine whether the origin of this expansion lies in insufficient apoptosis of MM cells or lack of MM cell migration. Three-dimensional confocal microscopy analysis with Lysotracker Red staining of apoptotic cells revealed that MM undergoes apoptosis in the region of interest in wildtype embryos, however the apoptosis seems to persist in Sox11-/- embryos as well. However, in vitro scratch wound assay provided evidence that SoxC genes are necessary for migration of MM cells. In the late kidney development, SoxC deletion is leading to renal hypoplasia and reduced nephron number due to cessation of nephrogenesis. To study the role of SoxC in nephrogenesis, I set up an in vitro renal progenitor cell culture which allows for the timed deletion of SoxC genes by a 4OH-tamoxifen induced knockout. Gene expression analysis confirmed efficient deletion of SoxC genes, while maintaining nephron progenitor cell identity. After deletion, renal progenitor cells were found to be unable to epithelialize, linked with increased activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. To validate these findings and discover the downstream targets of SoxC genes, I developed a system for an RNA-seq analysis of renal organoids undergoing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Data acquired in these experiments reveal numerous regulatory pathways affected in SoxC-knockout renal progenitor cells, with the deficiency of Polycomb group gene Ezh2 as a likely origin of widespread transcription changes leading to the inability of SoxC-deficient progenitor cells to differentiate. Taken together these data demonstrate the importance of Sox11 and other SoxC genes in early and late kidney development, with molecular analysis providing plausible directions for future research and interventions
Bicca, Andujar Mauricio. „Interactions cellules-matrice au cours du développement de la racine dentaire chez la souris“. Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoux, Marine. „Etude du rôle des gènes HOX dans le développement du cœur chez la souris“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHox genes are known to be involved in the establishment of cell position and identity along the anterior-posterior axis in embryos and could act as key downstream effectors of retinoic acid during heart development. In situ hybridization experiments show that Hoxb1, Hoxa1 and Hoxa3 define sub-domains within the second heart field (SHF). Our genetic lineage analysis reveals the contribution of Hoxb1+ cardiac progenitors to the atria and to the inferior wall of the outflow tract (OFT), which then gives rise to the myocardium at the base of the pulmonary trunk. Interestingly, Hoxa1+ progenitors contribute to the distal part of the OFT suggesting that these anterior Hox genes could play a role in its proximo-distal patterning. No cardiac anomalies had been reported so far in Hoxb1 mutant mice. However, our detailed study shows that mutant fetuses exhibit OFT misalignment and ventricular septal defects associated or not with ventricular wall and epicardium anomalies. Using a marker of the sub-pulmonary myocardium, we observe an abnormal contribution of SHF cells in Hoxb1-/- hearts. This defect is the consequence of the dysregulation of the signaling pathways controlling SHF regulation. Accordingly, those embryos exhibit a shorter OFT. The study of Hoxa1 mutant embryos reveals pharyngeal arch arteries patterning defects causing anomalies of the aortic arch and right subclavian artery at fetal stages. Using compound mutants, we show an increase in the penetrance and severity of these defects, suggesting a synergistic interaction between Hoxa1 and Hoxb1 during aortic arch patterning. Together, these data support a crucial role for anterior Hox genes in cardiac development
Quignodon, Laure. „Effets physiologiques et pathogéniques de l’aporécepteur de l’hormone thyroïdienne alpha 1 au cours du développement de la souris“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThyroid hormone (T3) has pleiotropic functions during development. Congenital hypothyroidism results in severe mental retardation. Using transgenic reporter mice, we showed that T3 action is highly heterogeneous in pre and post-natal brain. The regulation of gene expression by T3 involves binding of the hormone to TR nuclear receptors acting as T3-dependant transcription factors. We identified new T3 direct target genes in postnatal cerebellum, but the T3 signaling cascade is still unknown, because of complexe cell cell interactions. To suppress T3 response in a specific cell type and at a specific time, we created new transgenic mice expressing a mutated TR?1 in a conditional manner. Constitutive mutants have a hypothyroid like phenotype. This confirms the importance of unliganded TR?1 receptor in hypothyroidism pathogenesis. The conditional system will permit to dissect in vivo T3 action
Picou, Frédéric. „Dissection génétique de l'action de l'hormone thyroïdienne sur la différenciation oligodendrocytaire chez la souris“. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0615.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThyroid hormone (T3) has pleiotropic functions during development. Congenital hypothyroidism results in severe mental retardation, named cretinism. In vitro, adding physiological doses of T3 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells induce massive differentiation. Surprisingly, in vivo analysis only reveals a slight delay in oligodendrocyte differentiation in case of invalidation of T3 receptors. Several mouse strains have been generated in the lab to express dominant negative thyroid hormone receptors alpha 1 in a cell specific manner. This genetic dissection strategy allows us to understand the function of T3 signalling on oligodendrocyte differentiation in the cerebellum. The same strategy has been applied to prenatal neurodevelopment, to understand mechanisms underlying corticogenesis alteration in case of prenatal hypothyroidism
Delaunay, Delphine. „Etude de la neurogénèse et de la gliogénèse dans le diencephale de souris“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066462.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBegou, Mélina. „La souris KO STOP : modèle pour l'étude de la physiopathologie de la schizophrénie et pour le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10211.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSTOP null mice exhibit many behavioural disturbances mimicking schizophrenia symptoms associated with a reduced glutamatergic transmission and an exacerbated dopaminergic one, alterations suitable with the neurochemical hypothesis of schizophrenia. Alterations displayed by STOP null mice are alleviated by a neuroleptics treatment. Thus, STOP null mice represent a useful tool to develop new therapeutic strategy. Then, we tested Epothilon D, a antimitotic agent, and showed that it improves many alterations seen in STOP null mice, more especially cognitive deficits. It represents an exciting innovative treatment. Finally, STOP null mice exhibit a progression of behavioural defects over time suggesting that juvenile STOP null mice exhibit only subtle alterations in dopaminergic reactivity without major glutamatergic disturbance. STOP null mice provide thus a model to study the time course of schizophrenia and to identify factors leading to the onset of the disease in the late adolescence
Caetano, Monteiro Miguel Fernando. „Eʹtude des étapes précoces du développement adipocytaire“. Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutret, Laurence. „Rôle de l'activité dépendante du calcium au cours du développement et de la maturation des neurones ganglionnaires vestibulaires de souris“. Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20126.
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